UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

Technical Specification for

FEATHER PLUMES

Defence Clothing (DC)

PROPERTY OF MINISTRY OF DEFENCE

Page 1 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

PREFACE

TABLE 1 – PRODUCT LIST

Item Name Feather Plumes Development File No. Product Support File No. NATO Stock No. User Description Pattern No. 8455-99-122- Gordon Plume Feather Red and White 19977 3628 Highlanders 8455-99-320- The Plume Feather White D00860 0273 8455-99-428- Royal Tank Plume Feather Red Brown and 18981 7146 Green Royal Regiment 8455-99-456- of Plume Feather Hackle Black D00974 0248 1 SCOTS Royal Regiment 8455-99-456- of Scotland Plume Feather Hackle White D00977 0249 2 SCOTS Royal Regiment 8455-99-456- of Scotland Plume Feather Hackle Red D00975 0250 3 SCOTS Royal Regiment 8455-99-456- of Scotland Plume Feather Hackle Blue D00978 0251 4 SCOTS Royal Regiment 8455-99-456- of Scotland Plume, Feather (Hackle), Green D00976 0252 5 SCOTS 8455-99-553- The Light Cavalry Ring, Plume for use on OR’s D02204 3645 Band Busby 8455-99-553- The Light Cavalry Plume, Grenade, All ranks for use D02204 3646 Band with Busby Plume Royal Regiment 8455-99-667- of Scotland Plume Feather Hackle Grey D02187 9554 6 SCOTS Royal Regiment 8455-99-879- of Scotland Plume Feather Hackle Purple D02109 5425 7 SCOTS 8455-99-974- Royal Irish Plume Feather Hackle Green 15128A 0584 Regiment

Page 2 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011 TABLE 1 – PRODUCT LIST continued

NATO Stock No. User Description Pattern No. Royal Plume Feather Hackle Red and White 8455-99-974-0585 Regiment of (patterns retained for information D01012 purposes) Royal 8455-99-974-0588 Regiment of Plume Feather Blackcock 16206B Scotland London Irish 8455-99-974-0592 Plume Feather Green 15150A Rifles (TA) “A” Troop 208 Air 8455-99-974-0593 Defence Plume Feather Hackle Blue and Red 17452 Battery RA (V) Black 8455-99-975-1576 Plume Feather Red 18623 Watch Highland 8455-99-975-1577 Plume Feather White 18624 Household Plume Feather Black Cavalry 8455-99-975-5326 (Patterns retained for information 23904 Medical purposes) Officer Household Plume Feather Red Cavalry 8455-99-975-5327 (Patterns retained for information 23905 Veterinary purposes) Officer Grenadier Guards, Scots Plume Cocked Whiteswan 8455-99-975-5328 16032 Guards, Feather Brigade of Guards Royal Horse 8455-99-975-6227 Artillery Ring Plume 22512 Officers 8455-99-975-6343 Plume Blue 7145A WO etc 8455-99-975-6649 Irish Guards Plume Feather Blue 3451A Irish Guards 8455-99-975-6904 Plume Feather Blue 19659 Officers

Page 3 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011 TABLE 1 – PRODUCT LIST continued

NATO Stock No. User Description Pattern No. 8455-99-975-6905 Plume Feather Red and Purple 19660 Welsh Guards 8455-99-975-6906 Plume Feather White and Green 19661 Officers Royal Horse 8455-99-975-6907 Plume Feather Busby White 19662A Artillery

Any colour shown in this document is for representation and must not be used for colour matching.

IPR STATEMENT

This specification contains information which is proprietary to the Secretary of State for Defence and shall remain the property of the Secretary of State. It is issued in strict confidence and must not be seen by any unauthorised person. The specification is supplied solely for the purpose of Information/Tender/Contract and shall not be copied or reproduced or used for any other purpose whatsoever without the express prior written permission of the Secretary of State as represented by the Intellectual property rights group.

Technical data in this document refers to the edition current at the date of tender or contract unless otherwise stated.

CROWN COPYRIGHT RESERVED

Page 4 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

TABLE 2 – ISSUE RECORD

Issue No. Comments Issue Date 3 Addition of the following NSN’s 22 June 2011 8455-99-553-3645 – The Light Cavalry Band Plume Ring 8455-99-553-3646 – The Light Cavalry Band Plume Grenade 8455-99-456-0252 – 5 SCOTS, Plume, Feather (Hackle), Green 2 Addition of NSN 8455-99-667-9554, 6 SCOTS hackle 06 June 2011 and 8455-99-879-5425, 7 SCOTS hackle 1 New Specification 17 January 2011 Rationalisation of measurements between Standard Patterns

Page 5 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

PART 1

1. THE PRODUCT

a. Use of the Product

Feather plumes are worn on various types of including , cocked , busbies and bonnets. The plume serves as decoration and to distinguish the regiment and rank of the wearer

FIGURE 1

Royal Regiment of Fusiliers Plume, worn on

FIGURE 2

Black Watch Plume, worn on feather

Page 6 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

TABLE 3 – RELATED SPECIFICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS

Specification/Document Detail BS EN ISO 105 Textiles. Tests for colour fastness. Part B02 Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test Part C06 Colour fastness to domestic & commercial laundering Part X12 Colour fastness to rubbing Yarns from packages – Determination of single-end breaking BS EN ISO 2062 force and elongation at break using constant rate of extension (CRE) Specification for industrial sewing threads made from linen BS 7318 (flax) or cotton UK/SC/5126 Insignia, Buttons, Pins, Plates and Titles Manufactured from Gilding Metal, Brass and Nickel Silver

2. PATTERNS

a. Master Patterns: DC holds a Master Pattern for this product. Potential contractors may view the pattern on site by arrangement with the DC Commercial Department

b. Standard Patterns: A Standard Pattern may be obtained from the DC Technical Information Office and may be used to provide the criteria for all materials, components and manufacturing features not fully defined in this specification

Page 7 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

PART 2

3. PRODUCT DESIGN

a. Product Description

Feathered plumes in a variety of styles and colours

TABLE 4 – PRODUCT COMPONENTS

4.1 Feathers • All feathers are to be of good commercial quality • All feathers are to be thoroughly cleaned and fumigated to render them free from insect life and disease • The data sheets define the feathers used in each item • The contractor is responsible for using such types of feathers as will produce an item to match the standard patterns • Dyed feathers are to comply with the colour fastness requirements test in Table 6 • The best, and most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the tops of the plumes to give the best aesthetic finish 4.2 Embellishments and fittings • Defined in the individual data sheets 4.3 Wires for loops and internal • Defined in the individual data sheets forming 4.4 Adhesive • All bindings are to be glued with a clear, waterproof emulsion adhesive 4.5 Thread for mounting and • Thread cotton or linen to BS 7318 binding feathers • See Table 7 • Or an acceptable alternative 4.6 Padding material • Hemp fibre or suitable alternative 4.7 Other components • Other components not specified above will either be specified in the individual data sheets or must be as in the Standard Patterns or an alternative approved by the DC with similar performance characteristics

Page 8 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

TABLE 5 – PRODUCT CONSTRUCTION

5.1 Design • The design, assembly, textures and shades of all plumes are to be strictly in accordance with that of the guiding standard pattern, except those caused through the effects of natural wear and tear and ageing • The, finish and handle of all parts of the plumes are to be of the same quality as the Standard Pattern 5.2 Measurements • All measurements specified in the data sheets are in millimetres unless otherwise stated - See data sheets • Table 9 denotes dimensional tolerances to be adhered to unless specified within the data sheets

Page 9 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

TABLE 6 – TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR FEATHERS

The colour fastness of the dyed feathers shall not be lower than the following ratings:

Method of Test BS EN ISO 105 B02 C06 X12 Light (XENON) Washing Rubbing Colour Colour Colour Staining Staining Staining Change Change Change 3-4 - 3 3 3 3

TABLE 7– TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR LINEN & COTTON THREAD OR SUITABLE ALTERNATIVE

The colour fastness of the dyed linen thread shall not be lower than the following ratings:

Method Of Test BS EN ISO 105 X12 Rubbing Colour Change Staining 5 5

TABLE 7 – TESTING continued

The linen/cotton thread or suitable alternative shall comply with the properties specified in the following table:

Requirement Method of test Count 536 tex - Ply – Hair weaving core 5 - 8 fold - threads Ply – Sewing thread 3 fold - Ply – Binding thread 3 - fold - BS EN ISO 2062 Yarns from packages – Tensile Strength – cN 15569 Determination of single-end (centinewton minimum) breaking force and elongation at break

Page 10 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

4. PACKAGING AND LABELLING REQUIREMENTS

a. Unless specified on data sheets the plumes shall be packed in tubular paper or polythene envelopes before being placed into suitable cartons. b. Each NSN is to be sealed in a clear polyurethane bag with a pressure sensitive self adhesive label affixed detailing the Item Description, NSN, Contract Number, size (where applicable), Quantity, Denomination and year of manufacture. c. Additionally, all packaging requirements quoted in the terms & conditions of the contract are to be adhered to. d. Items should always be packaged in a way to prevent damage during transit and storage. e. Multiple quantities of the same individually packaged NSNs may be shipped in the same box. Mixed NSN multiple packaging is not permitted. f. Multiple packaging label - Each outer package is to be clearly labelled with the Item Description, NSN, Contract Number, Quantity, Denomination and year of manufacture

TABLE 8 – SPECIMEN LABELLING

Outer packaging label Self adhesive label

Item Description Item Description NSN NSN Contract Number Contract Number Size (where applicable) Size (where applicable) Quantity Year of Manufacture Denomination Year of Manufacture

Page 11 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

TABLE 9 – DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

The following tolerances apply unless otherwise specified within the data sheets.

Where items are to be fitted together the plus and minus tolerances may need to be adjusted to allow for correct fitting

In millimetres (unless otherwise stated) From To +/- +/- tolerance tolerance for for metal feather ware sections 1 9 2% 10 49 5 0.5 50 149 5 1 150 299 5 2 300 599 10 3

Page 12 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

FIGURE 3 – FEATHER PLUME MANUFACTURE

3.1 a) The central bar is cut to the correct length. Any sharp edges are to be filed off, or: b) Wire is formed into a stem with a loop and, for some patterns, a hook 3.2 The bar/ wire stem is wrapped with padding material to create the former 3.3 The brass ring is threaded onto string and securely bound to the former, a) shows a plume with ring on string, b) shows plume with ring only 3.4 The top of the former is bound over with feathers which are secured with thread, a) shows a plume with ring on string, b) shows plume with ring only 3.5 Feathers are mounted around the former, secured by wrapping and tying with thread. The most feathers are to be used at the top of the plume 3.6 The mounting process is continued down the length of the plume 3.7 The correct length is reached 3.8 The base of the feather section is tightly bound with thread. The binding is then glued with a waterproof emulsion adhesive e.g. PVA

Page 13 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

PART 3

5. DATA SHEETS

a. The following section contains data sheets listing bill of materials, manufacturing information, dimensions and images for each plume and beard NSN listed in table 1.

b. Relevant Standard Patterns are to be used to govern shade, all shades depicted on data sheets are for guidance only.

c. Any pattern suffixed with TG is a pattern To Guide for manufacture of a range of similar design.

Page 14 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-122-3628 Pattern No. 19977 Description Plume, Feather, Red over White User The . Worn on BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed red and Materials white, the shades to match the standard pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 270mm • Ring – Brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black Ring • String, linen or cotton attachment MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.1a and 3.3d • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 270mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig.3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with red feather enclosing the brass ring and secured with thread, as shown in Fig.3.3d and 3.4d • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern, as shown in Fig.3.5. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • Approximately equal amounts of red and white feathers are to be used • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 15 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-320-0273 Pattern No. D00860 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), White User The Royal Welsh. Worn on beret BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers Materials must be used, bleached and dyed white, the shade to match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Wire, galvanised steel, diameter 1.6 mm or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.1b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 140mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with white feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 16 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-428-7146 Pattern No. 18981 Description Plume, Feather, Red, Brown and Green User The Royal Tank Regiment. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed brown, red and green, the shades to Materials match the standard pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Loop – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Former • Wire between 2 layers of “iron-on fabric” or a suitable alternative Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black Adhesive • Rubber solution MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • The loop and plume inner are formed from a single length of wire, twisted and shaped as per the standard pattern. • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire is sandwiched between two layers of iron-on fabric, to make a former, shaped as per the standard pattern. • Brown, red and green feathers are mounted on the former in vertical bands, the feathers curving to the front, trimmed along the top and securely affixed with rubber solution adhesive. The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • No adhesive is to be visible on the finished item • The wire loop is finished, where it exits the former, by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion Packaging • The plume is packed flat to preserve the shape

Page 17 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-456-0248 Pattern No. D00974 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Black User 1 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers must be used, dyed black, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 70mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with black feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume. • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 18 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-456-0249 Pattern No. D00977 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), White User 2 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Goose feathers must be used, dyed white, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 93mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with white feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 19 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-456-0250 Pattern No. D00975 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Red User 3 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers must be used, dyed red, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, red as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 100mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the centre is bound over with red feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable red thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 20 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-456-0251 Pattern No. D00978 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Blue User 4 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Turkey feathers must be used, dyed blue, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern. A minimum of 24 feathers are to be used Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 48mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with blue feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern • The feathers are to curl outwards • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion Packaging • The plume is packed flat to preserve the shape

Page 21 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-456-0252 Pattern No. D00976 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Green User 5 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Turkey feathers must be used, dyed green, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 64mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with green feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern • The feathers are to curl outwards • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion Packaging • The plume is packed flat to preserve the shape

Page 22 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-553-3645 Pattern No. D02204 Description Ring, Plume, Busby User The Light Cavalry Band, OR’s

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Ring – Gilding metal, bright gold plated finish. To conform with Materials UK/SC/5126 MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Ring • Inside diameter 19mm nominal • Outside diameter 22.5 mm nominal • Thickness 3mm nominal • With knurling to the outside as per the standard pattern

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NSN 8455-99-553-3646 Pattern No. D02207 Description Grenade, Plume User The Light Cavalry Band, All Ranks

BILL OF MATERIALS

Main • Grenade – Gilding metal, bright gold plated finish. To conform with Materials UK/SC/5126

MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Grenade • A plume ornament in the form of a flaming grenade with three flames over a round base • The flames are to be detailed as per the standard pattern • The base has a hole 6.5mm in diameter to accommodate the central bar of the plume • The ornament is used to cover the binding at the base of the feathers

Page 24 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-667-9554 Pattern No. D02187 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Grey User 6 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers must be used, dyed grey, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1mm, or a suitable ware alternative Padding Material • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative Binding • Cotton or linen thread, grey as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.b (without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 90mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the centre is bound over with grey feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable grey thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 25 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-879-5425 Pattern No. D02109 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Purple User 7 Scots. The Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers must be used, dyed purple, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1mm, or a suitable ware alternative Padding Material • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.b (without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 60mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the centre is bound over with purple feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion Page 26 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-974-0584 Pattern No. 15128A Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Green User Royal Irish Regiment. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers must be used, dyed green, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 128mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with green feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 27 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-974-0585 Pattern No. D01012 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Red over White User Royal Regiment of Fusiliers. Worn on beret

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers must be used, dyed red and white, the Materials shades to match the standard pattern Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.1b (without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 150mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the centre is bound over with red feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 28 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-974-0588 Pattern No. 16206B Description Plume, Feather, Blackcock User Royal Regiment of Scotland. Worn on

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CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-974-0588

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CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-974-0588 BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Top Fan – cockerel feathers, to match the standard pattern Materials • Body – game feathers, to match the standard pattern • White parts – goose feathers, dyed white, to match the standard pattern • Internal – 3 large game feathers Metal ware • Plate – Aluminium sheet , 0.5mm thick, shaped as per the diagram Former • Plastic mesh, 1.5mm thick, shaped as per the diagram, symmetrical Padding • Foam, polyurethane, 5mm thick Ribbon • Petersham ribbon, plain weave, 15mm wide, black MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • The plastic mesh former and aluminium plate are cut to shape as per the diagram • The aluminium plate is positioned on the front side of the plastic mesh former, overlapping by 10mm and firmly affixed with staples • The polyurethane foam is cut 40mm wide by 80mm long and is positioned at the base of the back side of the former and held in place with hand stitching • Top fan – Cockerel feathers matching the standard pattern are glued to the former, front and back to produce the top fan of the plume. The fan is to have a slight curve to the back. The fan is trimmed to match the shape of the standard pattern. The spread of the fan is to be 135mm. The top fan section finishes 55mm below the central notch of the former • One trimmed game feather is stapled centrally on the front side of the former, commencing at the end of the plate and extending to overlap the base of the top fan by 20mm (see front view inner photo) • Two trimmed game feathers are stapled over the foam padding on the back side of the former, commencing at the base and extending to overlap the base of the top fan by 20mm(see front view inner photo) • Body front – Game feathers, grey matching the standard pattern, are firmly glued to the front side of the former. One white feather is to be visible at the top centre. Five rows of three grey feathers are to show as per the standard pattern. The body feathers are to overlap the top fan of cockerel feathers • Body back – Goose feathers, dyed white, are firmly glued to the rear side of the former. The thickness and shape are to match the standard pattern. The body feathers are to overlap the top fan of cockerel feathers • The width at the widest part of the body is to be 65mm • The width at the neck is to be 55mm • The base of the body section is to be neatly wrapped with one turn of 15mm wide, black Petersham ribbon, which is overlapped on the back side and securely affixed with adhesive • The finished shape and handle of the plume are to be as the standard pattern • No adhesive is to be visible on the finished plume Packaging • The plume is packed flat in paper or polythene envelope

Page 31 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-974-0592 Pattern No. 15150A Description Plume, Feather, Green User (TA)

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed green, the shade to match the standard Materials pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 72mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with green feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 32 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-974-0593 Pattern No. 17452 Description Plume, Feather (Hackle), Blue over Red User Rifles “A” Troop 208 Air Defence Battery RA (V)

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed blue and red, the shades to match the Materials standard pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.1b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 90mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with blue feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • Approximately equal amounts of blue and red feathers are to be used • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 33 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-1576 Pattern No. 18623 Description Plume, Feather, Red User . Worn on feather bonnet BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed red, the Materials shade to match the standard pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 250mm • Ring – Brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black Ring • String, linen or cotton attachment MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.1a and 3.3d • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 250mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig 3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with red feather enclosing the brass ring and secured with thread, as shown in Fig 3.3d and 3.4d • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern, as shown in Fig 3.5. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 34 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-1577 Pattern No. 18624 Description Plume, Feather, White User Highland Regiments. Worn on feather bonnet BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed white, Materials the shade to match the standard pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 250mm • Ring – Brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white Ring • String, linen or cotton attachment MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.1a and 3.3d • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 250mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig 3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with white feather enclosing the brass ring and secured with thread, as shown in Fig 3.3d and 3.4d • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern, as shown in Fig 3.5. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 35 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-5326 Pattern No. 23904 Description Plume, Feather, Black User Household Cavalry Medical Officer. Worn on cocked hat

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers - Swan, dyed black, the shade to match the standard Materials Pattern Metal wear • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or a suitable alternative approved by DC • Stem – A square sleeve and threaded section 3.5x0.7 pitch metric with circular retaining nut with 2 prongs - Self coloured brass • Ring – Self coloured brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black

Page 36 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-975-5326 MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Aluminium 4.7mm square cross section is cut 75mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with black feather enclosing the brass ring and secured with thread, as shown in Fig 3.3d and 3.4d • Before mounting the feathers, the quills are scraped on the inside to make them flexible • The black swan feathers are mounted onto the former by layering, wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. Nominally 6 – 7 layers of 6 feathers each are used, arrayed so that there are no gaps in the finished plume • The outer feathers are to be 229mm long (9”) +/-5mm, to show, when flattened. Feathers may be sewn together to achieve the correct length • The best feathers are to be used in the outer layers of the plume • The finished shape is to be circular with a nominal diameter of between 180 and 200mm • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion • The stem assembly comprises a 6.5mm square brass sleeve 20mm long, with a 34mm long, brass threaded section Metric 3.5 x 0.7 pitch) securely attached at the base. A 25mm diameter circular retaining nut with two angled prongs is fitted • The plume is attached to the stem by slotting and firmly affixing the bar into the brass sleeve Packaging • The plumes are to be packed individually in strong cardboard tubes with plastic tops either end

Page 37 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-5327 Pattern No. 23905 Description Plume, Feather, Red User Household Cavalry Veterinary Officer. Worn on cocked hat

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers - Swan, dyed red, the shade to match the standard Pattern Materials Metal wear • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or suitable alternative approved by DC • Stem – A square sleeve and threaded section 3.5x0.7 pitch metric with circular retaining nut with 2 prongs - Self coloured brass • Ring – Self coloured brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material

Page 38 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-975-5327 MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black Plume • Aluminium 4.7mm square cross section is cut 75mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with red feather enclosing the brass ring and secured with thread, as shown in Fig 3.3d and 3.4d • Before mounting the feathers, the quills are scraped on the inside to make them flexible • The red swan feathers are mounted onto the former by layering, wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. Nominally 6 – 7 layers of 6 feathers each are used, arrayed so that there are no gaps in the finished plume • The outer feathers are to be 229mm long (9”) +/-5mm, to show, when flattened. Feathers may be sewn together to achieve the correct length • The best feathers are to be used in the outer layers of the plume • The finished shape is to be circular with a nominal diameter of between 180 and 200mm • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion • The stem assembly comprises a 6.5mm square brass sleeve 20mm long, with a 34mm long, brass threaded section Metric 3.5 x 0.7 pitch securely attached at the base. A 25mm diameter circular retaining nut with two angled prongs is fitted • The plume is attached to the stem by slotting and firmly affixing the bar into the brass sleeve Packaging • The plumes are to be packed in individually in strong cardboard tubes

Page 39 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-5328 Pattern No. 16032 Description Plume, for cocked hats User Grenadier Guards, Scots Guards, Brigade of Guards BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Swan, white, Materials bleached. The shade to match the standard pattern • Loop and stem – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a Metal ware suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC • Cotton or linen thread, black as Binding the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.1b (but without hook) • The loop and stem are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 220mm • The loop is to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with white feather • The swan feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The outer feathers are to form a distinct band, finishing half way up the feathered section as per the standard pattern • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 40 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6227 Pattern No. 22512 Description Ring, Plume, Busby User Royal Horse Artillery Officers

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Ring – Gilding metal, bright gold plated finish. To conform with Materials UK/SC/5126 MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Ring • Inside diameter 18.5mm nominal • Outside diameter 23.25mm nominal • Thickness 6.5mm nominal • Complete with an external D shaped cross-section which has a raised diagonal patterned centre as the standard pattern

Page 41 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6343 Pattern No. 7145A Description Plume, Feather, St. Patricks Blue User Irish Guards WO, Staff Sgt, Sgt and Musicians

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feather, Cock hackle, dyed St. Patrick’s blue, the shade to match the Materials standard pattern. The feather ends are to be trimmed square Metal ware • Loop, stem and hook – Galvanised steel wire, diameter 1.6mm, or a suitable alternative approved by DC Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern

Page 42 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-975-6343 MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig 3.1b • The loop, stem and hook are formed from a single length of wire, looped and twisted, the finished length to be 215mm • The loop and hook are to be shaped as per the standard pattern • The wire stem is wrapped with material to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom • The top of the former is bound over with blue feather • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 43 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6649 Pattern No. 3451A Description Plume, Feather, St. Patrick’s Blue User Irish Guards, QUOTC and The

BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken feathers, dyed St. Patrick’s Blue, the shade to Materials match the standard pattern. Each feather is to be trimmed to a point. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Flat brass bar 5 - 5.5mm wide by 1.6mm thick or suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 76mm Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, black as the standard pattern MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Flat brass bar, 5 – 5.5mm wide by 1.6mm thick is cut to 76mm long. Any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom similar to Fig.3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with blue feather enclosing the brass bar, similar to Fig.3.4 but without ring. • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable black thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 44 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6904 Pattern No. 19659 Description Plume, Feather, St. Patrick’s Blue User Irish Guards Officers, worn on BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed St. Materials Patrick’s blue, the shade to match the standard pattern. Each feather is to be trimmed to a point. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 285mm • Ring – Brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white Ring • String, linen, cotton or attachment elasticated MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.1a and 3.3c • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 285mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig.3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with blue feather and secured with thread, as shown in Fig.3.3c and 3.4c • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern, as shown in Fig.3.5. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume

Page 45 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-975-6904 MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • The finished shape is to be as continued the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 46 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6905 Pattern No. 19660 Description Plume, Feather, Red over Purple User Scots Guards, Pipers, worn on Bonnet BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed red and Materials purple, the shades to match the standard pattern. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or a suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 285mm • Ring – Brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white Ring • String, linen or cotton attachment MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.1a and 3.3d • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 250mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig.3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with purple feather enclosing the brass ring and secured with thread, as shown in Fig.3.3d and 3.4d • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern, as shown in Fig.3.5. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • Approximately equal amounts of purple and red feathers are to be used • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 47 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6906 Pattern No. 19661 Description Plume, Feather, White over Green over White User Welsh Guards Officers, worn on Bearskin BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Feathers – Chicken, dyed white Materials and green, the shades to match the standard pattern. Each feather is to be trimmed to a point. Alternatively goose feathers may be used Metal ware • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or a suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 285mm • Ring – Brass, 12-13mm diameter Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable Material alternative approved by DC Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white Ring • String, linen, cotton or elasticated attachment MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.1a and 3.3c • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 285mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig.3.2a • The top of the former is bound over with white feather and secured with thread, as shown in Fig.3.3c and 3.4c • The feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern, as shown in Fig.3.5. The most uniformly shaped feathers are to be used at the top of the plume • The bands of white and green feathers are to be as the standard pattern. Nominal 90/60/90mm ratio • The finished shape is to be as the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion

Page 48 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

NSN 8455-99-975-6907 Pattern No. 19662A Description Plume, Feather, White User Royal Horse Artillery, worn on Busby

Page 49 of 50 UK/SC/6547 Issue 03 22 June 2011

CONTINUATION OF 8455-99-975-6907 BILL OF MATERIALS Main • Main body – Good quality Ostrich feathers, white, the shade to match Materials the standard pattern • Base – Traditionally vulture feathers, white, the shade is to match the standard pattern. The feathers are trimmed to points. White goose feathers are an approved alternative Metal wear • Central bar – Aluminium 4.7mm (3/16”) square cross section or a suitable alternative approved by DC. Length to be 380mm • Ornament – Gilding metal, bright gold plated finish. To conform to UK/SC/5126. In the form of a three pointed flame, to match the standard pattern • Ring – Gilding metal, bright gold plated finish. To conform to Pattern 22512, NSN 8455-99-975-6227 Padding • Hemp fibres or a suitable alternative approved by DC Material Binding • Cotton or linen thread, white MANUFACTURING INFORMATION Plume • Refer to Fig.3.1a • Aluminium bar 4.7mm square cross section is cut 378mm long, any sharp edges are to be filed off • The bar is wrapped with material, to form a padded former, tapering towards the bottom, as shown in Fig.3.2a • The ostrich feathers are mounted onto the former by wrapping and tying with thread as per the standard pattern • Vulture, or goose feathers are used at the base of the plume, curling outwards as per the standard pattern • The mounted feathers are further secured at the base by binding with suitable white thread, which is then glued with a waterproof emulsion • The ring and ornament are added as per the standard pattern

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