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Vertices21.Pdf FRANCISCO LÓPEZ GARCÍA Presidente de la Sociedad Nuclear Española President of the Spanish Nuclear Society ELISA ROBLES FRAGA Directora General del CDTI General Director of the CDTI HORIZONTE 2020 HORIZON 2020 VÉRTICESLA REVISTA DEL CIEMAT Marzo 2014 • Nº 21 Más de 20 años al servicio del CIEMAT en actividades energéticas Sorolla Center, local 10 Av. de las Cortes Valencianas, 58 46015 Valencia /España/ tel. +34 963 540 300 / fax +34 963 540 340 [email protected] www.grupodominguis.com www.lainsa.com LA REVISTA DEL CIEMAT Editorial 4 Entrevista 7 • El Laboratorio de Patrones Neutrónicos del Francisco LÓPEZ GARCÍA CIEMAT: instalación de referencia nacional para la calibración de equipos de medida neutrónica Presidente de la Sociedad Nuclear Española (SNE) President of the Nuclear Spanish Society (SNE) The CIEMAT Neutron Standards Laboratory (LPN): National Reference Facility for the Calibration of Neutron Measurement Equipment El CIEMAT 14 - Roberto MÉNDEZ VILLAFAÑE 48 • Noticias News Artículos de fondo 32 Firma invitada 53 • HORIZON 2020: la mejor oportunidad de • Directora general del Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico financiación de la I+D+i Industrial (CDTI) HORIZON 2020: The best opportunity for General Director of the Center for Industrial R&D&i funding Technology Development (CDTI) - Sylvia NÚÑEZ CRESPI 32 - Elisa ROBLES FRAGA • Utilización del frenado regenerativo de trenes suburbanos para la recarga rápida de automóviles I+D+i en España y el Mundo 57 eléctricos en corriente continua Use of the Regenerative Braking of Suburban Trains for Fast DC Charging of Electric Cars Nuestros profesionales 64 - M. LAFOZ, P. CONCHA, G. NAVARRO, • Ángel RASCÓN CABALLERO M. BLANCO, C. RODRÍGUEZ 37 • Células madre y cáncer Publicaciones 69 Stem Cells and Cancer - Carmen SEGRELLES, Jesús M. PARAMIO, Corina LORZ 45 www.ciemat.es EDITA: DIRECTOR GENERAL: Cayetano López Martínez COORDINACIÓN Y EDICIÓN: Grupo Senda C/ Capitán Haya, 56 - 28020 Madrid. CIEMAT COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO-TÉCNICO: Tel.: +34 91 373 47 50 - Fax: +34 91 316 91 77 Centro de Investigaciones Coordinadora: Margarita Vila Pena. E-mail: [email protected] Energéticas, Medioambientales Vocales: Begoña Bermejo, Marcos Cerrada, y Tecnológicas. PUBLICIDAD: PLAN B Comunicación Integral Javier Domínguez Bravo, Miguel Embid, E-mail: [email protected] Amparo Glez. Espartero, Carmen Martín, Avenida Complutense, 40 ARCHIVO FOTOGRÁFICO: CIEMAT-GRUPO SENDA. 28040 Madrid (España). Fernando Martín Llorente, Javier Monge, Tel.: +34 91 346 60 00/01 (centralita). Jesús Puerta-Pelayo, Isabel Redondo y Enrique Soria. ISSN: 1887-1461 Fax: +34 91 346 60 05 (central). NIPO: 721-14-016-9 E-mail: [email protected] VÉRTICES no se hace responsable de las opiniones vertidas por los autores. Ningún texto o ilustración puede ser reproducido sin autorización. editorial La investigación es una carrera de fondo y con relevos Research is a Long-Distance Relay Race Sixto Malato Rodríguez Director de la Plataforma Solar de Almería, PSA-CIEMAT Head of the Almeria Solar Platform (PSA-CIEMAT) ltimamente he leído esta frase u otras parecidas demasiado a me- ately I have been reading way too often about how nudo “la investigación no es un lujo que se pueden permitir los “research is not a luxury that rich countries can afford, but Úpaíses ricos, sino que estos alcanzan este estatus porque han in- Lrather these countries achieve this status because they vestigado”, que se atribuye a diferentes y excelentes científicos, aunque have done research”. This sentence is attributed to various contiene tanto sentido común que no creo que se deba atribuir a ningu- excellent scientists, although it conveys so much common sense that I do not believe it should be accredited to anyone in no en concreto. Porque no puede ser casual que los países que vienen particular. Because it is obviously not a coincidence that the aplicando a la ciencia y la tecnología los parámetros típicos que tienen countries that have been applying to science and technology que ver con cualquier inversión, a saber, estrategia para elegir bien los the typical parameters associated with any investment, e.g. a objetivos, calidad en los recursos que se ponen en juego, visión a largo strategy for well selected goals, quality of the resources put plazo, revisión de las decisiones y redirección de éstas, consecución de into play, long-term vision, review and reworking of decisions, hitos parciales, asunción de riesgos, etc., consigan mantener un ritmo achievement of partial milestones, assumption of risk, etc., creciente de bienestar; y sin embargo los que no hacen esto, pero dan manage to keep growing in terms of wellbeing, whereas bandazos en las estrategias, no utilizan parámetros objetivos de medida those countries that do not do this but rather veer between de los hitos conseguidos y exigen rentabilidad inmediata suelen tener strategies, do not use objective parameters to measure periodos de abundancia económica alternándose con periodos en los que achieved milestones and demand an immediate return usually se pierde una parte importante de lo conseguido, cuando no todo. have periods of economic abundance alternating with periods when they lose most of what they have achieved, if not En estos años en los que hemos sufrido una fuerte crisis en nuestra so- everything. ciedad, no sólo económica, sino que ha afectado a todo tipo de paradig- Over the past few years, during which our society has suffered mas en los que basábamos nuestras reglas de juego y convivencia, hemos from a severe crisis – not only an economic crisis but rather descubierto que se pone en duda el esfuerzo realizado y se exige que los a crisis that has affected all manner of paradigms on which investigadores presenten unas cuentas de resultados (exactamente esto, we had based our way of life – we have discovered that past resultados económicos) balanceadas entre los fondos que se emplean y efforts are being questioned and that researchers are being los que se consiguen. Y esto no es necesariamente malo. Sin embargo required to present P&L accounts (i.e., economic results) lo es, si al mismo tiempo no se aplican otros parámetros que permitan balanced between funds employed and funds achieved. And saber si vamos por buen camino en cuanto a fiabilidad, consistencia y that is not necessarily a bad thing. However, it is a bad thing utilidad de lo que hacemos a medio y largo plazo. Y para ello es preciso if, at the same time, other parameters are not applied that instaurar mecanismos que permitan medir estos parámetros. Porque no enable us to know if we are on the right path in terms of olvidemos que unas cuentas de resultados económicos balanceados, en the reliability, consistency and utility of what we are doing in the medium and long term. And for this it is necessary ciencia, indican un resultado nulo, sin beneficios. to establish mechanisms that can be used to measure these Es muy evidente que muchas de las actividades del CIEMAT han tenido parameters. Because we must not forget that some financial y tienen un impacto muy importante sobre la competitividad de España balance sheets in science indicate zero results without profit. en muy diferentes campos de la innovación tecnológica. De ellas, posi- It is evident that many of the CIEMAT’s activities have had and blemente los desarrollos alcanzados en la energía solar térmica de con- still have a very significant impact on the competitiveness of centración sea uno de los ejemplos evidentes más recientes. El CIEMAT Spain in many different fields of technological innovation. Of apostó por ello coincidiendo con su creación a mediados de los ochenta these, the developments in the field of Concentrating Solar 4 CIEMAT - VÉRTICES - Marzo 2014 Editorial • Editorial Thermal Power are possibly one of the most recent obvious examples. The CIEMAT backed this technology at the time of its creation in the mid-1980s, and over the years this has proved to be a wise decision. Very often we who work in technology research and development and innovation have the feeling that our efforts are being questioned by a society that does not fully realize that these activities should be understood as a medium- and long-term investment, that very often many years pass before these efforts reach a point where we can demonstrate to our fellow citizens that these efforts yield a return, that very often good ideas that were not productive have fallen by the wayside, and that very often the decisions made were not well thought over and eventually resulted in deception. But these are the rules of the game that apply to Science and Technology financed with public funds. Many ideas and many collective efforts must be put into play in order for only a part of them to be successful. If one knew that things would end well, then the logical thing would be to resort to a financing entity, convince it of the idea and from there start up a business activity. It wouldn’t hurt if, from public research centers, we were able to convey to society the idea that it should demand quality in each of our activities and get rid of the belief that has taken hold lately that science should produce wealth almost instantly. The Almeria Solar Platform (PSA), since it is owned by the CIEMAT, has received national public funds amounting to around €100 M (in addition to a similar amount of private or EU funds). More than 50% of that amount had already been invested back around 2004. Up to that time, those funds had made it possible to develop technology, train y con el paso de los años se ha demostrado como una decisión acertada. professionals, demonstrate that energy could be reliably Muy a menudo, los que trabajamos en esto de la investigación, el desa- generated in large amounts from the Sun on an industrial rrollo de tecnología y la innovación tenemos la sensación que nuestros basis, push the incipient Spanish industry to take the first esfuerzos son puestos en duda por una sociedad que no capta bien que steps in this field and, above all, demonstrate that there were future alternatives for when other finite and/or harmful estas actividades deben entenderse como un apuesta a medio y largo energy sources began to falter.
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