I NDEX

Abbasi, Shakir 77, 146–7, 174 Arslans 11 Abu Jihad 44 Asad, Bashar 2, 17–22, 63, 64, 65–6, Abu Nidal group 200 67, 68, 76, 77, 78, 79, Abu Suleyman, Shakir 40 114, 163 Adwan, Kamal 198 Asad, Hafiz 32, 42, 65–6, 70, 71 al-Ahbash 138–9 Asad family 180 Ajram, Nancy 106, 108 Asbat al-Ansar (League of Partisans) Akwai, Khalil 138 141–2, 147 Alawi, Mustafa 170 Asbat al-Nur 142–3 Alawite 138 “Aunt Noor” 106 Allardice, Robert 228 Aychaylak 101 Alliance Libanaise 30 Ayn al-Hilwa refugee camp 141–2, Amal 17–18, 44, 46–7, 52–6, 67, 70, 143, 146 76, 89, 136, 144, 158, 162, 167–8, Ayni, Badr al-Din 14 169, 173–4, 178, 179, 180, 181, Azmeh, Yasir 107 182, 183, 184, 185–6, 188, Azzar, Raymong 66 189–90, 203–10 Amin, Ali 75 Baker, James 220, 221 Annan, Kofi 68, 75 Ban Ki-moon 19, 77 Annapolis conference Banque du Liban (Central Bank) (November 2008) 231 115–16, 119, 121 Ansarallah 141 Barak, Ehud 160, 205 Aoun, Michel 18, 41, 50, 67–8, 71, 75, Barnier, Michel 223 76, 78, 79, 89, 144, 167–8, 170–1, Barri, Nabih 20, 46, 67, 71, 90, 111, 186, 228 114, 132, 144, 170, 182, 184, Aql, Sa’id 40 185, 188 al-Aqsa Intifada 135 Basil, Francois 121 Arab Ba’th Socialist Party 42 Ba’thism 104 Arab League 76, 79 Ba’th Party 44 Arab Liberation Front 46 Battle of the Hotels 38, 43 Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM) Begin, Menachem 199, 202 41, 43 Bishara, Husam al-Din 14 Arab Socialist Union 44 Bolton, John 224–5 Arafat, Yasir 43, 197, 201 Boutros, Fuad 85 Argov, Shlomo 200 “Bortugala” 107 Armenians 110 Brammertz, Serge 69, 169 Army of Arab Lebanon (AAL) 42, 43, Bush, George W. 66, 221–4, 44–5, 50 226–7 Arslan, Talal 55 Bustani, Emile 197 240 I NDEX

Cairo Accord (1969) 38, 52 Foreign Military Financing (FMF) Catholics 87, 110 226, 227 Cedar Revolution 17, 18, 32, 99, France 10, 26, 63, 66, 75, 79–80, 84, 162–3, 167–8 119, 169, 224–5, 227, 231 Chamoun, Camille 37, 38, 42, 45, Franjiyya, Sulayman 40–1, 45 49, 215 Franjiyya, Tony 40, 41 Chehab, Fuad 84 Franks 13–14 Chiha, Michel 30, 31 Friends of Lebanon conference 226 Chirac, Jacques 66 Free Patriotic Movement (FPM) 68, 76, Christopher, Warren 221 89, 144, 146, 228 Crusaders 12–14 French mandate 16, 29, 177, 196 Cyprus 122 Future Movement 145

Dar al-Fatwa 137–8, 139–40, 144 Geagea, Samir 37, 41, 52, 86 Dayr al-Qamar 38 Gemayel, Amin 41, 47, 76, 203 Dbayya refugee camp 37 Gemayel, Bashir 31, 38–9, 41, 199, Democratic front for the Liberation of 201, 202 Palestine (DFLP) 43, 46, 198 Gemayel, Pierre 38, 76, 168 Din, Fakr 28 Ghandour, Issa 99–100 Din, Hashem Safi 111 Ghanim, Antoine 77, 170 Din, Muhammad Mahdi Shams 183 Ghazali, Rustum 66, 68 Dobriansky, Paula 223 Grand Liban 26–30 Doha Agreement (2008) 3, 19, 91, Greater Syria 30 123–4, 172, 188, 233–4 Greek Orthodox 2, 86–8, 110 Draper, Morris 218 Guardians of the Cedars 37, 40 Druze 2, 9, 10, 11–13, 25, 27, 29, 42, Gulf War (1991) 32, 220–1, 231 55, 77, 83, 86–8, 110, 136, 145, 163, 165, 172, 173, 177, 203 Habash, George 44 Habib, Philip 217, 218 Economic Support Funds (ESF) 226 Haddad, Sa’ad 198–9 Eddé, Emile 30 Hajj, François 78, 171 Edelman, Eric 228 Hakim, Adnan 84 Egypt 64, 215 Hakim, Muhsin 182 Eid, Wissam 78 Halabi, Nizar 139, 141 Eisenhower, Dwight 215–17 Hamada, Marwan 67, 69 Eisenhower Doctrine 215 Hamada family 180 Electricity du Liban 118, 122–3 Harakat Lubnan al-Arabi (Arab Elissa 101, 106 Lebanon Movement) 138 Erdogan, Tayyip 78 Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami (Islamic Unification Movement, IUM) 138, Fadlallah, Sayyid Husayn 132–3, 136, 139, 146 140, 183, 186 Hariri, Rafiq 2, 17, 18, 19, 21, 32, 63, Fallon, William 228 64, 75, 99, 113–14, 134, 139, 162, Fanish, Muhammad 163 220, 223 Fatah 45–6, 48, 56, 142, 198 murder inquiry 64–70, 75, 113–14, Fatamids 12 167, 169, 225, 233 Fath al-Islam 19, 77, 90, 146–8, Hariri, Sa’ad 53, 54, 67, 68, 76, 86, 174, 227 144–5, 146, 155, 170, 171, 230 February Uprising (1984) 178 Hawi, William 38, 42–3, 44, 49 Fitzgerald, Peter 68 Haydar family 180 I NDEX 241

Hilu, Charles 181 Jabhat al-Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Hirari, Abdallah 138–9 Front) 146 Hizballah 2, 17, 46–7, 52, 63–4, 66, al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic 67, 68, 70–5, 76, 77, 79, 89–90, Association) 137, 139, 144–5, 146 91, 100, 111, 114, 117, 118, 124, Jama’at al-Nur 143 133–6, 141, 144–6, 148, 155–75, Jamiyyat al-Hidaya wal-Ihsan 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, (Association for Guidance and 187–8, 189–90, 203–4, 219, 221, Charity) 141 222–3, 224–5, 226, 228–33 Jamiyyat al-Mashari al-Khayriyya Hizballah-Israel war (2006) 2–3, 18, al-Islamiyya (Association of the 19–20, 21–2, 53–6, 64, 73–5, 77, Islamic Philanthropic Projects) 139 112, 114, 145–6, 155–6, 164–7, Janbalad, Ali 15 173, 184, 187, 195, 206–9, Jibril, Ahmad 45 225, 229 Jihad al-Bina’a 184, 230, 231 Hizb al-Tahrir al-Islami (Islamic Jordan 121–2 Liberation Party) 143, 145 Jumblatt, Kamal 42, 43, 45, 84 Hobayka, Elie 41, 52 Jumblatt, Walid 20, 44, 53, 54, 66, 67, Husayni, Husayn 46 76, 78, 86, 89, 144, 155, 163, 170, 171, 172, 203, 230 Ibn al-Qalanisi 14 Jundallah (Soldiers of God) 138 Ibn al-Qila’i 14 Jund al-Sham (Soldiers of the Levant) Ibn Taymiyya 11 143, 146, 147 Ibrahim, Muhsin 43 Idu, Walid 77, 170 Kahan Commission 202 Independent Nasserites Movements 43 Kana’an, Ghazi 65, 66, 68 International Labor Organization Kanaan, Leila 99 (ILO) 110–11, 112 Kanj, Basam Ahmad 141 International Military Education and Kata’ib 40 Training (IMET) 226, 228 Khaddam, Abd al-Halim 65, 138 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 119 Khalife, Marcel 140 Iran 10, 56, 71, 73, 75, 76, 79, 91, 117, Khalil family 180 118, 124, 132, 138, 156–8, 159, Khatib, Ahmad 43, 44, 48 160, 161, 166, 173–5, 180, 183, Khuri, Bishara 30, 84 188, 195, 203, 204, 206, 209–10, Kurdistan Regional Government 122 219, 224, 230 Iraq 50, 182–3 Lahad, Antoine 204 Iraq War 143, 162, 222 Laham, Durayd 106 Islamic Jihad 219 Lahoud, Emile 17, 19, 63, 65–6, 67, Islamic Resistance 47 71, 76, 77, 113–14, 162, 169, 170, Islamism 2, 31, 47, 67, 89, 104, 106, 222–3 131–48, 160–1, 173, 185–6, 188, Lebanese Army 18, 38, 39, 47, 48–9, 189–90, 204 74, 75, 136, 147–8, 171, 174, 184, Israel 47, 49, 56, 64, 68, 70–5, 80, 132, 205, 207, 216, 218, 225, 226, 133, 141, 155–6, 159–62, 227–9, 232–4 163, 164–5, 184, 187, Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) 195–210, 213–14, 217–19, 42–3 220–1, 226 Lebanese Forces (LF) 36, 37, 39, 50, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) 133, 134, 52, 86, 217 136, 160, 164, 197, 199, 201, 203, Lebanese Front 37, 40, 41 204, 206, 207–8 Libnan al-Helou 100 242 I NDEX

Libya 50 Naji, Kana’an 138 Litani Operation (1978) 198 Najjada party 84 Litani River 71, 74, 78, 198, 207 Najjar, Muhammad Yusef 198 Najla 106 Mahfouz, Naguib 105 Nakhle, Jan 100 Makdisi, Usama 16 Nasir, Kamal 198 Makhzum, Muhammad 14 Nasr, Nimtallah Abi 87 Malik, Charles 25 Nasrallah, Hasan 20, 64, 71, 73, 75, Mamluks 14–15 76, 89–90, 114, 133–6, 137, Ma’ns 14–15, 27 144–6, 156, 160, 162, 163, 164, Marada Brigade 40–1 165, 167, 169, 170, 171, 175, 182, March 14 coalition 56, 67, 76, 77, 79, 206, 209 86, 89, 144, 146, 168–9, 170, 209, Nasserism 104 224–5, 228, 230–1 National Liberals Party (NLP) 37–40 Marine Barracks 219–20 National Movement 42, 45, 46, 49, 52 Maronite League 40 National Pact (1943) 16–17, 84, 110, Maronites 2, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 20, 25, 131, 137, 215, 220 27–9, 70, 83–4, 86–8, 110, 111, 131, 136, 163, 165, 168, 173, 177, Operation Accountability 70, 204 178, 197, 210, 223, 231 Operation Grapes of Wrath 70, 204, Marouk, Said 102 221, 226 Mawlawi, Faysal 137, 146 Operation Litani 217 Mehlis, Detlev 68, 69, 71 Organization for Communist Action Melloy, Francois 217 (OCA) 43 Min Safer 99 Ottomans 15, 27, 29–30, 196 Miqati, Ahmad 143 Movement of the Deprived (Harakat Palestinian Liberation Army 46 al-Mahrumin) 46, 132, 181, 183 Palestinian Liberation Organization Muawwad, Nayla 230 (PLO) 41, 44, 46, 132, 138, 195, Mughniyya, Imad 46, 53, 230 198–201, 203, 210, 217 Muhajir, Ja’afar 14 Palestinian Resistance Movement 42 Muhsin, Zuhayr 45 Palestinians 10, 35, 38, 41–6, 50, 56, Multi National Force (MNF) 217–18 87, 138, 141, 147, 158, al-Muqawama al-Sha’biyya (Popular 161, 195–6, 197–9, Resistance) 138 206, 217 Murabitun 43, 44, 50, 139 pan-Arabism 30–1, 32–3, 104, 106 Murad, Ismat 138 Paris I (February 2001) 227 Murr, Elias 68, 228 Paris II (November 2002) 113, 227 Musawi, Abbas 133 Paris III (January 2007) 112, 118–19, Musawi, Husayn 47 125, 227 Muslim Brotherhood see al-Jama’a Phalanges 37–9, 48–9, 51, 52, 168, al-Islamiyya 170, 199, 201–2, 203 al-Mustaqbal 171 Popular Front for the Liberation of Mutasarrifiyya system 29, 83, 177 Palestine (PFLP) 45–6, 197, 198 Popular Front for the Liberation of Nablusi, Afif 90 Palestine-General Command Nabulusi, Abd al-Ghani 11 (PFLP-GC) 45–6, 56 Naccache, Alfred 30 Populist Nasserist Organization 44 Nahr al-Barid refugee camp 77, 140, Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) 42, 147, 174 43, 55, 84 I NDEX 243

Qabalan, Abd al-Amir 186 Shawkat, Asif 66 Qabbani, Muhammad Rashid 139–40 Shaykh, Hanan 102–3 Qasim, Na’im 166 Shi’a 2, 9–10, 12, 14, 21–2, 25, 33, Qornet Shehwan 223 46–7, 67, 70, 71, 84, 86–9, 110, Quarantina 37 114, 131, 132–6, 157–9, 162–3, Qulayat, Ibrahim 43 164–5, 167, 170, 173, 174, Quntar, Samir 187 177–90, 203, 204, 205, 210, 219, 230 Rabbath, Edmond 30 Shihab, Fuad 45, 181, 216 Rabin, Yitzhak 49 Shihabi, Hikmat 65 al-Rahman, Ibad 137 Shimali, Fu’ad 40 Reagan administration 218–20 Shimoni, Orna 205 Rejectionist Front 45–6 Shraydi, Abdallah 142–3 Rice, Condoleezza 223, 230 Shraydi, Hisham 141 Rida, Rashid 30 Shultz, George 218, 220 Rihani, Amin 30 Shuqayr, Wafiq 171 The Road to Kabul 106 Siniora, Fuad 64, 67, 68, 71, 74, 75, Rotana 102 76–7, 79, 114, 144, 146, 147, Ruby 106 167–8, 171–2, 224, 230 Socialist Lebanon Organization 43 Sa’ada, Antun 45 South Lebanese Army (SLA) 198–9, Sa’adi, Abd al-Karim 141 204, 205 Sabra and Shatila 202, 217 Suleiman, Michel 19, 77, 78, 78, 123, Sa’d, Mustafa 44 170–1, 172, 231 Sadawi, Nawal 106 Sulh, Riad 84 Sadr, Muhammad Baqir 182 Sunnis 2, 9, 10, 16, 27, 43, 70, 77, 84, Sadr, Musa 46, 132, 158, 180, 181, 86–8, 110, 131, 132, 136–7, 145, 183–4, 185 163, 165, 168, 173, 177, 178–9, Safa, Muhammad 12 215, 216 Sa’iqa 45–6 Supreme Shi’a Islamic Council 181, 189 Salafism 137, 140–3, 145, 148 Syria 17–22, 32, 43–4, 45, 46–7, 56, Salam, Sa’ib 31 63, 66–7, 68, 69, 70–2, 74, 76, 77, Salama, Ali Hasan 44 78, 79–80, 85, 91, 106–7, 113–14, Salibi, Kamal 14, 27, 28 121–2, 124, 134, 138, 141, 142, Saqr, Etienne 40 155, 161, 162–3, 167, 169, 179, Sarkozy, Nicolas 78 180, 182, 186, 188, 195, 199, 202, Saudi Arabia 64, 75, 85, 119 203, 204, 209, 213–14, 215, Sawda, Yusuf 30 218–19, 220, 221–3, 225, 226, Sayyid, Jamil 66 229, 231, 232–3 Schlessinger, James 220 Syria Accountability and Lebanese September 11 32, 221, 226 Sovereignty Restoration Act (SAA) Sfeir, Boutros 231–2 32, 222, 233 Shab’a Farms 64, 71, 73, 74, 161, Syrian Arab Army 51 205–6 Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) Sha’ban, Sa’id 138 42, 43, 45, 53, 56 Shahal, Dai al-Islam 140, 142, 148 Shahal, Salim 140 Ta’if Accord 33, 41, 47, 85, 89, 134, Shaker, Fadl 100 158–9, 160, 169, 178, 179, 182, Shamir, Yitzhak 202 186, 204, 220 Sharon, Ariel 201–2 Tal al-Za’atar 37, 39, 40, 49 244 I NDEX

Tanukhs 12–13, 14–15 UNSC Resolution 1595 68, 225 Tanzim 37, 39–41 UNSC Resolution 1636 68 Tigers 37, 39, 41 UNSC Resolution 1644 69, 75 Tripartite Agreement 41, 52 UNSC Resolution 1664 225 Tueni, Gebran 68, 69, 75 UNSC Resolution 1680 71 Tufayli, Subhi 133 UNSC Resolution 1686 70, 225 Turkey 78 UNSC Resolution 1701 18, 21, 74, 75, 207, 209, 225 UNIFIL 56, 74, 146, 184, 199, 207, UNSC Resolution 1757 77, 78, 209, 217, 224 169, 225 UN International Independent UNSC Resolution 1957 18 Investigating Commission Usayran family 180 (UNIIIC) 68, 69, 75, 78 Union of Akkar Ulama 139 Wahbi, Hayfa 101–2 Union of the Forces of the Working Wahsh, Nabih 106 People 44 Weingerger, Casper 220 United Arab Emirates 122 World Bank 119, 123 United Arab Republic 215 World War I 29, 84, 177 United States 63, 66, 71, 73, 75, 78, World War II 109 80, 109, 162, 166, 169, 203, 213–34 Ya Ghayab 100 UNSC Resolution 425 198–9, Yakan, Fathi 137, 146 205, 217 UNSC Resolution 1310 206 Zarqawi, Abu Mus’ab 143, 145 UNSC Resolution 1559 17, 21, 67, 71, Zgharta Liberation Army 40 73, 162, 207, 222, 223, 224 Zreik, Constantine 30