Education Specialist Degree in School Psychology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Education Specialist Degree in School Psychology Education Specialist Degree in School Psychology (Ed.S.) and a Master of Arts in Educational Psychology with a Pupil Personnel Services Credential in School Psychology (PPSP) 1 PLO 5 –Family-School Collaboration: Utilize knowledge of family EDUCATION SPECIALIST systems, and social justice in collaboration with families and schools DEGREE IN SCHOOL to enhance the learning, and well-being of students. PSYCHOLOGY (ED.S.) AND Program Learning Outcomes by Optional Emphasis Area: A MASTER OF ARTS IN Autism: Implement evidence-based instructional and behavioral strategies to meet the varied needs of students across the autism EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY spectrum. WITH A PUPIL PERSONNEL Applied Behavior Analysis: Design, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention based on a functional behavior SERVICES CREDENTIAL assessment. IN SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY Program Start Dates The Education Specialist Degree in School Psychology (Ed.S.) and a (PPSP) Master of Arts in Educational Psychology with a Pupil Personnel Services Credential in School Psychology (PPSP) program starts two times a year Brandman University offers an Education Specialist degree in School in Fall 1 and Spring 1. Applications are accepted on an ongoing basis. Psychology and a Master of Arts degree in Educational Psychology. The School Psychology program prepares students to serve as Consult with an academic advisor for start dates associated with optional school psychologists in public schools for grades K-12 and meets the emphasis areas. requirements for a California State Pupil Personnel Services credential authorizing service as a school psychologist. Candidates enrolled in Admission Requirements the Education Specialist degree in School Psychology program will Acceptance into the graduate program in school psychology is based on also earn a Master of Arts degree in Educational Psychology after the multiple criteria. These criteria include academic potential, experience completion of required coursework, passing the Praxis exam in school working with children and youth, and compatibility with program psychology, and completion of the required practicum fieldwork and final philosophy. To be considered for admission the applicant must: year fieldwork or internship. Candidates in this program are governed by both graduate degree and credential policies, with credential policies 1. Satisfactorily fulfill graduate admission requirements for Brandman superseding graduate policies. University as stated in the catalog (see the Graduate Admissions section for Options One, Three, and Four) including meeting the grade Mission Statement point average for a graduate program. The mission of the Brandman University's School Psychology Program 2. Proof of an official passing score report on the California Basic is to develop professional, ethical, and caring School Psychologists that Education Skills Test (CBEST) or any of the CTC approved basic skills are leaders, scholars, advocates, and practitioners who collaborate to tests. support all students in the PK-12 education systems to make informed 3. Applicants using Brandman University Admissions Option Two with educational decisions for direct/indirect services. a grade point average between 2.5 and 2.99 in the last 30 graded semester credits (45 quarter credits) in either a baccalaureate or post Program Learning Outcomes (PLO) baccalaureate program including credits earned toward a credential are required to submit passing scores from one of the following • PLO 1 –Foundations of Professional Practice: Investigate and standard admission tests: illustrate legal, ethical, and professional policies and practices while a. Graduate Record Examination (GRE): achieve the required attending to human development, psychopathology, and cultural minimum scores on two out of the three subsections. The diversity. minimum acceptable score for the Quantitative section is 141. PLO 2 – Data-based and Collaborative Decision-Making: Evaluate The minimum acceptable score for the Verbal section is 150. The multiple sources of information using problem-solving and process- minimum acceptable score for the Analytic Writing is 4.5. focused models of consultation to make informed educational b. Miller Analogies Test (MAT): achieve a minimum scaled score of decisions. 403. 4. Submit a graduate application with the following: PLO 3 – Educational, behavioral, and social-emotional interventions: a. Two letters of recommendation from individuals who have had Collaborating with parents, school personnel, and agencies to experience with the candidate in an academic or professional determine student needs and create educational, behavioral, and setting with knowledge of the candidate’s academic potential. social-emotional interventions for student success. Recommendation should be from someone who knows the PLO 4 –Direct and Indirect Services in Schools and Communities: candidate in a work setting, preferably one where the candidate Create effective and supportive learning environments for students has worked with children. The letters cannot be older than two based on school systems and structures, mental health services, and years from the date of application. communities. b. A current resume which includes experiences working with children. 2 Education Specialist Degree in School Psychology (Ed.S.) and a Master of Arts in Educational Psychology with a Pupil Personnel Services Credential in School Psychology (PPSP) c. An autobiographical essay (2-3 pages) describing the life completing a second emphasis must successfully complete the experiences that have shaped the candidate’s approach to Demonstration of Mastery task associated with that emphasis area. working with children and youth and what led to the decision to become a school psychologist and their commitment to the If the second area of emphasis is completed after the initial degree has program. been awarded, the student will not be issued an updated diploma, nor will the student be allowed to participate in the commencement ceremony a 5. Students admitting into the Applied Behavior Analysis emphasis second time. However, the second emphasis will appear on the student's area must be employed at least part-time in a field of employment official Brandman University transcript. which uses Applied Behavior Analysis. This employment must be documented on the candidate’s application and via a resume. The school psychology program also requires the following: Credential and Program Requirements Practicum in School Psychology The school psychology program requires 69 semester credits of All candidates must complete the two practicum courses in school coursework. psychology and complete a minimum of 450 hours of clinical practical fieldwork which is embedded in their coursework prior to beginning Certificate of Clearance fieldwork. Verification of a receipt of Certificate of Clearance or Certificate of Clearance (including fingerprints) or a copy of a valid credential or short- Supervision and Mentoring term permit must be submitted to the School of Education within the During the final year candidates complete a minimum of 1200 hours first session of enrollment. Candidates who do not submit verification of of supervision and mentoring. A minimum of 1000 hours must be a certificate of clearance cannot advance in any credential coursework completed in an approved California public school setting. All public that requires observation or fieldwork in a K-12 setting. Anyone with a school hours must be under the supervision of a professional with three revoked credential will not be admitted to any credential program until years of experience as a school psychologist and who holds a Pupil the credential is reinstated by the CTC. A certificate of clearance or child Personnel Services credential in school psychology. development permit must be active prior to clinical practice. Applications for supervision and mentoring courses must be filed on Negative Tuberculosis Test the MyBrandman SOE Services site by the deadline established by the Teacher Accreditation Department (TAD). All the Credential and Program Candidates must submit to the School of Education, within the first requirements must be met prior to any mentoring and supervision session of enrollment, a current “negative” tuberculosis test that verifies courses being taken. the candidate does not have active tuberculosis or a tuberculosis risk assessment questionnaire administered by a licensed health care Portfolio provider verifying that the candidate does not have risk factors for After successfully completing Fieldwork/Internship and all other tuberculosis. program requirements and all coursework have been graded, candidates Transfer Policy submit a portfolio demonstrating their competency based on the NASP Standards through LiveText and pay a fee to have the portfolio evaluated. Candidates with an earned master’s degree from another graduate Portfolio requirements and directions are located on the SOE Services institution may transfer no more than 24 semester graduate credits MyBrandman site. into the school psychology program pending approval of the Associate Dean. Candidates without an earned master’s degree may transfer up Exit Interview to 12 semester credits of graduate coursework upon approval of the An exit interview is conducted by a faculty mentor at the end of the Associate Dean. Transferred courses must have been awarded a grade program to determine that the CTC and NASP Standards have been met. of “B” or better and cannot be older than seven years
Recommended publications
  • Forms and Functions of Aggression During Early Childhood: a Short-Term Longitudinal Study
    School Psychology Review, 2007, Volume 36, No. 1, pp. 22-43 Forms and Functions of Aggression During Early Childhood: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study Jamie M. Ostrov University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Nicki R. Crick University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus Abstract. The school classroom and playground provide an important context for learning about young children's social interactions. A multimethod, multiinfor- mant, short-term longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the utility of including school-based observational assessments of both form (i.e., physical and relational) and function (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggressive behavior at school with a young sample during early childhood (132 children; M = 44.37 months; SD = 9.88). The study revealed low intercorrelations between observed proactive and reactive functions of aggression and low to moderate levels of stability. Based on 160 min of observation per child for an academic year, the findings revealed that boys are more physically aggressive to peers than are girls, whereas girls are more relationally aggressive than are boys. The results provide evidence for the differential association between aggression categories and future social-psychological adjustment constructs with particular relevancy for school contexts (i.e., peer rejection and student-teacher conflict). Recently, school psychologists have (Cullerton-Sen & Crick, 2005; Leff & Lakin, called for more extensive research of young 2005; Young, Boye, & Nelson, 2006). Aggres- children's peer relationships and, in particular, sive behavior is defined as any behavior in- relationally aggressive behavior at school tended to hurt, harm, or injure another person This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH; MH63684) and the National Science Foundation (BCS-0126521) to Nicki R.
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Psychology (EDPSY) 1
    Educational Psychology (EDPSY) 1 settings. Traditional and alternative practices in schools will be examined EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY to see which approaches best meet the needs of an increasingly diverse American society. While the course will focus on individual differences in (EDPSY) education, it will not be exclusively oriented toward future teachers. The course will also help students understand how course content relates to parents (or future parents) understand the nature of development EDPSY 10: Individual Differences and Education and individual differences of children and the students as they progress through the educational system. 3 Credits General Education: Social and Behavioral Scien (GS) This course is an overview of the major theories and significant research GenEd Learning Objective: Global Learning on the development and explanation of individual differences and GenEd Learning Objective: Soc Resp and Ethic Reason how those differences affect the education of school-age children. Specific topics include physical, cognitive, language, social-emotional, and cultural development in children and youth ages 3-20. By its very EDPSY 14: Learning and Instruction nature, the course will include a diversity focus, with special attention to ethnic, cultural, and gender issues as well as the needs of special 3 Credits populations. Within each topics area, the course will pay special attention This introduction to educational psychology provides students with an to theoretical and empirical work on how and why variations occur, understanding of the major concepts, principles and theories, and related how they are to be interpreted and measured, and the implications research of learning and teaching. The research on learning and teaching those variations have for society, especially for schooling.
    [Show full text]
  • Education: the Three Disciplines of Educational Neuroscience
    MARIAN UNIVERSITY Indianapolis ® School of Education and Exercise Science The Three Disciplines of Educational Neuroscience Educational neuroscience is the discipline that combines neuroscience, pedagogy, and psychology bringing the current research from how the brain learns, behaves, and relates to instructional practices in the classroom. Every class, assignment, and experience shapes the human brain. Understanding how the brain processes information into learning and knowing more about what it takes for students’ brains to be engaged, responsive, and alert are fundamental to the teaching and learning process. Pedagogy is the study of the art and science of the teaching and learning process. Educators need to Neuroscience is the study of the understand how the environment, brain’s development, structure, and NEUROSCIENCE PEDAGOGY poverty, boredom, support systems, function. The goal of educators is to Brain and Individual education substance abuse, and all emotional, have successful students and one of its functioning and learning social, and cognitive facets affect the ways to promote success in our the brain and how it learns, students is to understand how the NEUROEDUCATION relates, and behaves. Educational learning process occurs. The process Mind, brain, and neuroscience is the active of learning involves changing the education science engagement of purposeful strategies brain. The selection of instructional based on the principles derived techniques and the designing from neuroscience and of lesson plans can be aided educational psychology. by understanding how the brain responds and through applying principles from the neuroscience PSYCHOLOGY Educational psychology is the research in the classrooms. Mind and behavior study of developmental mental processes responsible for cognition and behavior.
    [Show full text]
  • Considerations for Distance Education in School Psychology
    National Association of School Psychologists Considerations for Distance Education in School Psychology July 2021 Approximately 263 universities offer a school psychology program in the United States (Gadke et al., 2021), either at the specialist level, doctoral level, or both. This represents an increase of about 60 institutions offering at least one school psychology program over the past 40+ years, and a 10% increase since 2006. At this pace, the number of graduate education programs may not sufficiently meet the demands of the field in light of ongoing shortages (NASP, 2016). As a result, many in the field have begun to examine the potential of distance education to help increase access and availability of school psychology graduate preparation. DISTANCE EDUCATION Various terms have been used to describe education that occurs at a distance. For the purposes of this document, the concept of learning that delivers instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and/or involves online learning, will be referred to as distance education. The Higher Learning Commission’s definitions of distance education can be located at https://www.hlcommission.org/General/glossary.html#InstitutionalChange, and they offer the following: • Distance-delivered courses are courses in which at least 75% of the instruction and interaction occurs via electronic communication, correspondence, or equivalent mechanisms, with the faculty and students physically separated from each other. • Distance-delivered programs are certificate or degree programs in which 50% or more of the required courses may be taken as distance-delivered courses. • Distance education can use one or more of the technologies listed below to support regular and substantive interaction between the students and the instructor.
    [Show full text]
  • Educational Psychology a Contemporary Approach
    BORICP01.doc - 1 Second Edition Educational Psychology A Contemporary Approach Gary D. Borich The University of Texas at Austin Martin L. Tombari University of Denver (This publication may be reproduced for student and classroom use without prior written permission of the authors) BORICP01.doc - 2 BORICP01.doc - 3 Contents in Brief Preface Chapter 1: Introduction to Educational Psychology Part I: What Teachers Need to Know About Development Chapter 2: Cognitive Development Chapter 3: Personal-Social Development: The Feeling Child Part II: What Teachers Need to Know About Learning Chapter 4: The Behavioral Science Approach to Learning Chapter 5: Cognitive Learning I: Understanding Effective Thinking Chapter 6: Making Learners Active Thinkers Chapter 7: Motivation and Classroom Learning Part III: What Teachers Need to Know About Instruction and Classroom Management Chapter 8: Group Process in the Classroom Chapter 9: Positive Approaches to Conduct Management Chapter 10: Instructional Management Part IV: What Teachers Need to Know About Assessment Chapter 11: Assessing for Learning: Ability and Standardized Assessment Chapter 12: Assessing for Learning: Objective and Essay Tests Chapter 13: Assessing for Learning: Performance Assessment BORICP01.doc - 4 Part V: What Teachers Need to Know About Learner Diversity Chapter 14: Teaching Exceptional and At-Risk Learners Chapter 15: Multicultural and Gender-Fair Instruction Chapter 16: Family Systems and Home-School Partnerships Appendix: Discussion and Practice Answers Glossary References BORICP01.doc
    [Show full text]
  • NASP Position Statement on Early Childhood Assessment
    NASP Position Statement on Early Childhood Assessment The National Association of School Psychologists believes that early identification of developmental and learning problems in preschool and primary grade children is essential because of children’s broad and rapid development. Intervention services for these children’s psychological and developmental difficulties are essential, beneficial, and cost- effective. Because the accurate and fair identification of the developmental needs of young children is critical to the design, implementation, and success of appropriate interventions school psychologists must play a key role. Evidence from research and practice in early childhood assessment indicates that issues of technical adequacy are more difficult to address with young children who have short attention spans and go through periods of variable, rapid development. Therefore, standardized assessment procedures should be used with great caution in educational decision-making because such tools are inherently less accurate and less predictive when used with young children. Multidisciplinary team assessments must include multiple sources of information, multiple approaches to assessment, and multiple settings in order to yield a comprehensive understanding of children’s skills and needs. Therefore, assessments should center on the child in the family system and home environment, both substantial influences on the development of young children. Similarly, families’ self-identified needs should drive the decision-making process concerning the identification of child and family services. Because categorical identification of infants, toddlers, and young children is ineffective in meeting the special needs of young children, assessment of infants and young children requires specialized training and skills beyond those required for the assessment of older children.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Vita Joseph J. Glutting
    VITA JOSEPH J. GLUTTING ADDRESSES: Business: Home: University of Delaware 23 Folwell Lane School of Education Mullica Hill, NJ 08062 Willard Hall Education Building (856) 478-2311 Newark, Delaware 19716 (302) 831-1636 email: [email protected] EDUCATION University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Faculty of Arts and Science, Ph.D. in APA dual approved program for Clinical Child and School Psychology, 1985. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. School of Education, M.S. + 30 hrs. in School Psychology, 1978. Tarkio College, Tarkio, MO. B.A., Psychology major, 1976. PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS Professor – Evaluation, Measurement, Statistics and School Psychology (1997-present). School of Education, University of Delaware, Newark, DE. Instructor of graduate-level courses in statistics, research design, educational measurement, intelligence testing, child and adolescent personality assessment; responsible for supervising doctoral students in Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics (EMS) and Masters + 30 students in school psychology. Member – Center of Health Outcomes, Rehabilitation, and Translation (CoHORT). The center has received support from the Accelerating Clinical and Translational Research grant, BADER Consortium, as well as internal support from the College of Health Sciences and Provost at the University of Delaware. While CoHORT is currently centered in the College of Health Sciences at UD, there are goals to fully integrate with other Colleges at the University. The center also is developing close ties with other Institutions within the Delaware Health Sciences Alliance and have collaborated on two large grant submissions with researchers at Thomas Jefferson and Nemours. Statistical consultant (2006-2011). College of Health Professions, Temple University. Counsel to all faculty and graduate students in the College on research methodology, experimental design, statistics, and measurement.
    [Show full text]
  • B.S.Ed. Early Childhood Education
    Northwest Missouri State University SCHOOL OF EDUCATION B.S.Ed: Early Childhood First Year First Semester Second Semester 10-111 Composition I 3 10-112 Composition II 3 29-102 Fundamentals of Oral Communication 3 17-171 Fundamentals of Math 3 04- 77-101 University Seminar 1 General Biology & Lab 4 102/103 19-201 Enjoyment of Music OR 19-222 American Popular Music OR 32-101 Introduction to Geography 3 19-202 Jazz Appreciation OR 3 13-102 Art Appreciation OR 43-101 Theatre Appreciation Information Technology Requirement: Ed 44-120 or Introduction to Curriculum, Instruction computing & Tech or Computers & 3 62-108 62-130 and Assessment 2 information Tech Ecology and Developmental Foundations 62-107 of Education 2 62-116 Professional Learning Community II 1 62-113 Professional Learning Community I 1 Total Hours 16 Total Hours 16 Second Year First Semester Second Semester: (INFANTS AND TODDLERS) 34-102 Introduction to American Government 3 10-220 Introduction to Literature 3 40-102/103 Physical Science & Lab 4 08-333 Developmental Psychology or 3 08-312 Child Psychology (Prerequisite: Educational Psychology) 08-299 Educational Psychology 3 62-302 Infant/Toddler Early Childhood Curriculum 3 33-155 History: US to 1877 OR US Since 1877 3 62-303 Early Childhood Observation & 3 33-156 Assessment 62-203 Pedagogy of the Reggio Emilia Approach 2 OR (Study abroad experience) OR Communication in a Positive and Inclusive 62-109 2 62-472 OR Capstone Practicum Experience during 2 Classroom semester 7 62-119 Professional Learning Community III 1 62-304
    [Show full text]
  • School Psychologist Certification
    School Psychologist Certification A person employed as a school psychologist in a Michigan school is required to hold a valid Michigan School Psychologist Certificate or a Preliminary School Psychologist Certificate. An application for a School Psychologist Certificate or Preliminary School Psychologist Certificate is created through the Michigan Online Educator Certification System (MOECS). Preliminary School Psychologist Certificate (R 380.204 & 380.205) Valid for 3 years and available to individuals who meet the following requirements: 1. Complete a graduate degree in an approved school psychology certification program (no less than 45 semester credit hours); and 2. Complete a 600 clock-hour, supervised practicum in school psychology; and 3. Possess a valid out-of-state school psychologist certificate or license if the school psychologist program was completed in another state. Preliminary School Psychologist Renewal (R 380.204 & 380.205) A one-time, 3-year renewal may be granted upon application and verification of one of the following: • Six (6) semester credit hours in an approved school psychologist program from an Educator Preparation Institution. The credit must be completed since the issue date of the preliminary psychology certificate; or • A valid, out-of-state school psychologist certificate. School Psychologist Certificate (R 380.206) Valid for 5 years and available to individuals who meet the following requirements: 1. Possess a current or expired Preliminary School Psychologist Certificate; and 2. Complete a state-approved specialist-level degree or the equivalent (no less than 60 semester credit hours) in school psychology with a 1200 clock-hour internship from an Educator Preparation Institution (EPI). An out-of-state applicant may qualify for a School Psychologist Certificate (R 380.206), valid for 5 years, as an initial certificate if the individual meets the following requirements: Page 1 of 2 2020-5-7 v11 608 W.
    [Show full text]
  • School Psychology Program Handbook
    School Psychology Program Handbook 2020-2021 Department of Psychology 6001 Dodge Street Omaha, NE 68182-0274 Phone: 402-554-2592 Fax: 402-554-2556 UNO School Psychology Homepage 2020-2021 School Psychology Program Handbook 1 Revised 11/17/20 School Psychology Program Committee 2020-2021 Faculty Lisa Kelly-Vance, School Psychology, Program Director Brian McKevitt, School Psychology Adam Weaver, School Psychology Brigette Ryalls, Developmental Psychology, Department Chair Sara Kupzyk, Applied Behavior Analysis Student Officers Josey Svoboda, President, 3rd year student April Minor, Vice President, 2nd year student TBD, Secretary, 1st year student 2020-2021 School Psychology Program Handbook 2 Revised 11/17/20 Faculty Lisa Kelly-Vance, Ph.D. (Indiana University), Program Director Dr. Kelly-Vance has provided school psychology services to districts in Indiana, Michigan, and Iowa. Prior to coming to UNO in 1995, she worked for Area Education Agency 13 (now Green Hills Area Education Agency) in Council Bluffs, IA. There, she worked with children who ranged in age from Birth to 21. She also served as the Lead Psychologist and the President of the Iowa School Psychologists Association. Dr. Kelly-Vance was licensed as a School Psychologist in Iowa. She is a member of the National Association of School Psychologists and served on the Board of Directors for six years and she is a Past President of NASP. She is also a member of the Nebraska School Psychologists Association and served as President, University Connections Chair and Webpage Editor. In addition, Dr. Kelly-Vance is the faculty sponsor of the annual summer reading program. Her undergraduate degree is from Purdue University and she has a MS and PhD from Indiana University.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Psychological Tests in Education in South Africa: Issues, Controversies and Benefits
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 423 483 CG 028 708 AUTHOR Owen, K. TITLE The Role of Psychological Tests in Education in South Africa: Issues, Controversies and Benefits. INSTITUTION Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria (South Africa). ISBN ISBN-0-7969-1881-3 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 129p. AVAILABLE FROM Human Sciences Research Council, 134 Pretorius St., Pretoria, South Africa 0002. PUB TYPE Books (010) Opinion Papers (120) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Ability Identification; Blacks; *Culture Fair Tests; *Educational Policy; Educational Testing; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Countries; Intelligence Differences; Personality Assessment; *Psychological Testing; Schools; Test Bias; *Test Use; *Values IDENTIFIERS *South Africa ABSTRACT This volume examines historic, cross-cultural, and psychometric issues with regard to the use of psychological testing in South Africa. After an introduction in Chapter 1, the following chapters are: "Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education"; "History of the Development of Psychological Tests," which includes intelligence, aptitude, and personality tests; "Approaches to the Assessment of Cognitive Development," which reviews the psychometric, Piagetian, and Soviet approaches, neuropsychologically based instruments, and dynamic assessment. "Psychological Testing: Criticisms, Issues and Controversies," which explores both criticisms and test bias; "Culture and Testing," which discusses the influence of culture on test performance, offers six possible solutions to selection issues,
    [Show full text]
  • An Evolutionary Upgrade of Cognitive Load Theory: Using the Human Motor System and Collaboration to Support the Learning of Complex Cognitive Tasks
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Educ Psychol Rev (2012) 24:27–45 DOI 10.1007/s10648-011-9179-2 REVIEW An Evolutionary Upgrade of Cognitive Load Theory: Using the Human Motor System and Collaboration to Support the Learning of Complex Cognitive Tasks Fred Paas & John Sweller Published online: 6 September 2011 # The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Cognitive load theory is intended to provide instructional strategies derived from experimental, cognitive load effects. Each effect is based on our knowledge of human cognitive architecture, primarily the limited capacity and duration of a human working memory. These limitations are ameliorated by changes in long-term memory associated with learning. Initially, cognitive load theory's view of human cognitive architecture was assumed to apply to all categories of information. Based on Geary’s(Educational Psychologist 43, 179–195 2008; 2011) evolutionary account of educational psychology, this interpretation of human cognitive architecture requires amendment. Working memory limitations may be critical only when acquiring novel information based on culturally important knowledge that we have not specifically evolved to acquire. Cultural knowledge is known as biologically secondary information. Working memory limitations may have reduced significance when acquiring novel information that the human brain specifically has evolved to process, known as biologically primary information. If biologically primary information is less affected by working memory limitations than biologically secondary information, it may be advantageous to use primary information to assist in the acquisition of secondary information.
    [Show full text]