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Building a Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture in Sub Saharan Africa

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Building a Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture in Sub Saharan Africa BUILDING A RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA Edited by Abebe Shimeles Audrey Verdier-Chouchane Amadou Boly Building a Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa Abebe Shimeles Audrey Verdier-Chouchane Amadou Boly Editors Building a Resilient and Sustainable Agriculture in Sub-­Saharan Africa Editors Abebe Shimeles Audrey Verdier-Chouchane African Development Bank Group African Development Bank Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Amadou Boly African Development Bank Group Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire ISBN 978-3-319-76221-0 ISBN 978-3-319-76222-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76222-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934720 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons ttributionA 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, ­adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: Oleksandr Rupeta / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Foreword Agriculture is key to Africa’s prosperity and development. The sector now employs more than half of the labor force but produced only 15% of GDP continent-wide, with considerable cross-country variation, indicat- ing that current performance remains below potential. Building a resilient and sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa contains technically rich and policy-relevant chapters that shed light on the performance and chal- lenges of Africa’s agriculture sector, particularly, climate shocks exposure due to an over-reliance on rain-fed agriculture combined with low invest- ment levels. This book offers an excellent contribution for better understanding of the current state and prospects of Africa’s agricultural transformation and generates valuable insights for improved agricultural policymaking on the continent. Beyond the collection of and reflection on African stories, this compilation interestingly proposes pragmatic policy options for improving agriculture productivity, mitigating climate shocks exposure and promoting agro-industrialization. As advocated by the authors, these three targets are key to unleashing Africa’s agriculture potential. It is now time for Africa to feed Africa … and the rest of the world. And achieving this goal will require synergetic actions between governments, v vi Foreword private sector or other stakeholders. The current collection of analytical chapters from African researchers is an excellent contribution to that col- lective effort. Cornell University Christopher B. Barrett, Ithaca, NY, USA December 2017 Acknowledgments This book brings together a selection of chapters presented at the 2016 African Economic Conference (AEC) in Abuja, Nigeria, under the theme: “Feed Africa: Towards Agro-Allied Industrialization for Inclusive Growth”. The chapters have been selected by experts in agriculture at Cornell University and then enriched by valuable comments by peer reviewers, discussants and rapporteurs at the conference. Our appreciation goes to Charlotte Karagueuzian for excellent research assistance and coordination with the authors and to the African Development Bank Language Services Department for translating some of the chapters from French to English. The AEC 2016 provided a unique opportunity for policymakers and researchers, including the diaspora, to interact and debate the critical policy issues affecting Africa. This conference would not have been pos- sible without the full support and the leadership of the African Development Bank’s President, the Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa and the Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme. Many staff members of these institutions ded- icated their time and energy in making the conference a success. Their contributions are deeply appreciated. We are extremely grateful to the researchers who presented their papers at the AEC 2016 for their high-quality contribution. This publication aims at stimulating debate and shaping policy recommendations around the resilience and sustainability of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. vii Contents 1 Introduction: Understanding the Challenges of the Agricultural Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa 1 Abebe Shimeles, Audrey Verdier-Chouchane, and Amadou Boly Part I Improving Agricultural Productivity 13 2 Improved Seeds and Agricultural Productivity of Family Farms in Cameroon 15 Christelle Tchamou Meughoyi 3 Breaking the Traditional Trap: Assessing Drivers of Modern Technology Adoption by Smallholder Farmers in Hurungwe District, Zimbabwe 33 Carren Pindiriri 4 Input Utilization and Agricultural Labor Productivity: A Gender Analysis 55 A. M. Rufai, K. K. Salman, and M. B. Salawu ix x Contents 5 Evaluation of Women’s On-Farm Trial of Drought Tolerant Maize in Southern Guinea Savannah Agro-Ecological Zone of Nigeria 81 O. E. Ayinde, T. Abdoulaye, G. A. Olaoye, and A. O. Oloyede 6 Impact of Bioenergy Crop Adoption on Total Crop Incomes of Farmers in Northern Ghana: The Case of Jatropha Curcas 97 Lauretta S. Kemeze, Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu, Irene S. Egyir, D. P. K. Amegashie, and Jean Hugues Nlom Part II Addressing Climate Change Challenges 121 7 Profitability in a Sustainable Agricultural Production System: An Approach by the Soil and Water Conservation 123 Idrissa Ouiminga 8 Land Tenure and Communities’ Vulnerability to Climate Shocks: Insights from the Niger Basin of Benin 147 Boris Odilon Kounagbè Lokonon 9 The Impact of Agricultural Insurance on the Demand for Supplemental Irrigation: A Randomized Controlled Trial Experimental Evidence in Northern Ghana 181 Francis Hypolite Kemeze Part III Promoting Agro-Industrialization 207 10 Does the Development of the Agricultural Sector Affect the Manufacturing Sector? 209 Namalguebzanga Christian Kafando Contents xi 11 Transforming African Agriculture Through Special Economic Zones: Opportunities and Challenges 241 Joseph Tinarwo 12 Global Value Chains and Upgrading in Economic Community of West African States Countries 257 Anani Nourredine Mensah and Abdul-Fahd Fofana 13 Conclusions: Enhancing the Resilience and Sustainability of the Agriculture Sector in sub-Saharan Africa 285 Abebe Shimeles, Audrey Verdier-Chouchane, and Amadou Boly Index 295 Notes on Contributors Tahirou Abdoulaye is an agricultural economist at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. He has been involved in evalua- tion and impact assessment of several projects, mainly in West Africa. He holds a PhD degree in Agricultural Economics. He has produced papers on impact assess- ment of research activities in several African countries including Niger, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria and Benin. His research work covers a wide range of rural economic issues including seed systems, farm-level efficiency and also technology evaluation and transfer. His more recent research interest focuses on innovation systems and how they can help increase technology uptake by small farmers. D. P. K. Amegashie is a graduate from the University of Ghana, Legon, with a Master of Philosophy degree in Agricultural Economics in 1995. He is a senior lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness and teaches Introduction to Economics, Farm Management, Project Analysis, Research Methods and Management Accounting. He has supervised several undergraduate dissertations and graduate theses in diverse areas of study. He served on various boards and committees in the University and is on a post-­ retirement contract in the Department. Opeyemi E. Ayinde is an associate professor in the University of Ilorin, Nigeria, and senior research associate fellow in the South African Research Chair Initiative (SARCHI) Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. She holds a PhD degree in Agricultural Economics. She is carrying out research on economics of innovation in maize varieties developed for drought-prone ecologies in
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