c h a p t e r o n e : e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s 21 22 l i t t l e r o c k p a r k s a n d r e c r e a t i o n m a s t e r p l a n e x i s t i n g p a r k s a n d p r o j e c t s e t t i n g r e c r e a t i o n s y s t e m Little Rock, the capitol city of Arkansas, is situ- Although located amid a beautiful wooded to- ated along the Arkansas River in the center of pography, Little Rock’s pattern of open space is the state. At the junction of five major physi- largely defined by its extensive system of flood- ographic regions, Little Rock boasts a variety of plains, steep slopes, and undeveloped land. The landscape characteristics. From rolling hills in majority of publicly accessibly open space is lo- the west as the Ouachitas begin their ascent, to cated within the city’s parks; many of which are Arkansas State Capitol Building the Mississippi River delta and Arkansas River sited along or within these floodplains and steep valley in the east and north, the city possesses a slopes. distinctive character. Although Little Rock’s popu- lation is a modest 183,000, it serves a metro- The City of Little Rock’s park system is diverse in politan area of over half of a million people. The the recreation types it provides and the setting city offers a diverse range of parks with an abun- in which its parks are located, see Figure 1.1. dance of recreational opportunities. Nearby state Older sections of the city have a more traditional parks include Pinnacle Mountain State Park, the parks system containing primarily smaller neigh- Toltec Mounds State Park, and the Plantation Ag- borhood parks within the lot and block pattern ricultural Museum, all within twenty miles of down- of the city. These parks are distributed in a some- town Little Rock. what even pattern. Larger parks emerge pre- Playground at War Memorial Park dominately in the early suburban areas of the The existing parks system in Little Rock encom- city. Generally located greater distances apart, passes nearly 5,800 acres of land, half of which these parks often provide both neighborhood has been developed for active and passive rec- and community park services. The outer-most reation uses. The remainder includes sizeable areas of the city severely lack public park facili- holdings of undeveloped areas, such as the ties. These areas have experienced explosive Fourche Creek Bottoms, Gillam Park, and Two growth over the last two decades, and public Rivers Park. parks have not kept up with the outward expan- sion. Additionally, parks and facilities in older neighborhoods are generally in worse condition than parks and facilities in newer areas of the city. Rebsamen Tennis Center at University Park c h a p t e r o n e : e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s 23 Due to Little Rock’s topography and well-de- fined drainage system, the city has many op- Little Rock’s first publicly-owned park was City portunities for park and open space lands. Park, now known as MacArthur Park. Initially, Open space is either publicly or privately owned, this was the City’s Fort (since 1840) and was and generally provides informal recreational deeded to the City by the Federal Government services, such as hiking and biking. Such open in exchange for 1,000 acres that today com- space opportunities are explored as a part of prises Fort Roots (north of the City). The sec- this plan. ond true park was Fair Park, now known as War Memorial Park, which initially housed the MacArthur Park was the city’s first park. Public open space generally serves five different State Fair Grounds and was established as a functions: city park in 1925. · Parks and recreational uses · Conservation of natural resources (not nec- In 1913, the prominent landscape architect John essarily for public use) Nolen prepared the city’s first park system mas- · Public health and safety (protection of steep ter plan. His ambitious and farsighted plan guided slopes, floodways, etc.) the early development of the park system. His · Growth management and aesthetics to bal- vision is apparent in the site location and cre- ance urban sprawl and prevent cost of ex- ation of Allsopp, Boyle, Rebsamen, East Little tensive infrastructure Rock, Gillam, Fourche Creek, and Riverfront parks. · Farmland and forestry Allsopp Park was established in 1927. Allsopp Park was established in the Pulaski Heights section of the city in 1927 when Frederick Allsopp History of the Little Rock Parks System offered the land and commissioned a park mas- ter plan. John Nolen, creator of the 1913 mas- Lands for public use have existed in Little Rock ter plan, was hired to design the park. This was since the 1840s. Small beer gardens started by followed by the donation of Boyle Park, which the German settlers were first established, fol- was deeded to the City by John F. Boyle in 1929, lowed by larger, more elaborate parks desig- shortly after the crash of the stock market. nated by the business community. Over time these “publicly-owned” parks would be closed The great depression and subsequent establish- and subdivided, particularly as the City grew and ment of the National Recovery System (NRS) Boyle Park was deeded to the City in 1929. land became more valuable. brought about tremendous improvements to the municipal park system. By 1939, Little Rock had 24 l i t t l e r o c k p a r k s a n d r e c r e a t i o n m a s t e r p l a n a functioning zoo, its first municipal golf course, picnic shelters, miles of trails and numerous other improvements. Most of the work was completed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Even with this system, parks were still operated by the Public Works Department, until the Depart- ment of Parks and Recreation was formed in 1944. Little Rock has experienced rapid growth from the 1960s to today. Parks were built in many early suburban neighborhoods, however devel- opments which occurred since the 1970s and 80s have few parks owned and maintained by the city. Today the organization holds nearly 5800 acres of park lands in 64 park parcels (53 of which are developed) throughout the city. Periodic preparation of park plans were com- piled in 1963, 1967, 1971, and 1983. Not all of these plans were embraced by the citizens of Little Rock, resulting in low levels of public aware- ness and support, as well as inadequate imple- mentation. c h a p t e r o n e : e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s 25 Summary of Existing Parks parks are less than five acres in size, and are often limited to playgrounds and courts. The Little Rock parks system includes several Little Rock’s system of developed parks con- parks and recreational types, which this plan ad- tains approximately 2350 acres of regional dresses: parks, 370 acres of community parks, 150 n Land for informal play and passive recre- acres of neighborhood parks, and 25 acres ation of mini parks. Current special facilities (War n Facilities for team sports and active recre- Memorial, Riverfront and the River Market, ation Terry Mansion, and Stephens Community Unorganized play and passive recreation n Open space for passive recreation, educa- Center) comprise approximately 275 acres. tion, and conservation n Linear space for trail networks Little Rock’s undeveloped park land is largely n Recreational and cultural programs comprised of the Fourche Creek bottoms, n Implementation strategies 1700 acres of swamps and wetlands sur- rounded by the city. Additional undeveloped The current parks system consists of approxi- park land can be found in west Little Rock, mately 5800 acres of land. Of that, roughly primarily located on unbuildable slopes, as 2000 acres are currently undeveloped, while well as in portions of Hindman and Gillam. 3200 acres are within developed parks, see Figure 1.1, Table 1.2, and Table 1.3. Team sports and active recreation The parks system contains regional, commu- nity, neighborhood, and mini parks. Regional parks are greater than fifty acres in size and serve recreational needs of the entire city and other nearby populations. Community parks are smaller (twenty to fifty acres in size) and may include sports fields, open play areas, and specialty facilities. Neighborhood parks are often less than 20 acres in size and serve a smaller area, typically adjacent neighborhoods. Open space for passive recreation, These parks contain playgrounds, practice conservation, and education fields, and smaller play areas and courts. Mini 26 l i t t l e r o c k p a r k s a n d r e c r e a t i o n m a s t e r p l a n Figure 1.1: Existing Parks c h a p t e r o n e : e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s 27 Table 1.2: Inventory of Developed Parks Playground Basketball Pad Volleyball Tennis Court Soccer Field Practice/Active Rec Football Field Lighted Softball Practice Softball Lighted Baseball Practice Baseball Community Center Pool Restrooms Pavilion Fishing/Boat Launch Picnic Path/Trail (miles) Golf Course (# holes) Community Garden Parking Location Acreage Total Acres (by category) Total Parks Large Urban Parks (50 acres+) Allsopp 1 2 1 1 1 6 2 Cantrell & Cedar Hill 150.0 Boyle 1 2 2 1 1 3 48 2 36th & Boyle Park Rd.