Central and Region DFO Science Stock Status Report D5-63 (2002)

Firth River Dolly Varden

Background

The northern form of Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma (Walbaum), inhabits the Firth River. The Fig. 1. Map of the North Slope area. name is iqaluqpiq, however, most local people call them char (Papik et al. 2003). All spawning and almost all over-wintering habitat Summary for Dolly Varden in this river system occurs in two areas at the /Alaskan border: the • Anadromous Dolly Varden spawn headwaters of the Firth River, and the headwaters and overwinter in headwaters of the of Joe Creek, a major tributary (Baker 1987) (Fig. 1). Firth River and Joe Creek on the An unknown number of Firth River fish are Yukon/ border. harvested in “mixed stock” subsistence fisheries along the coasts of Yukon and Alaska (Krueger et al. 1999). At present, the only harvests known to • These Dolly Varden are genetically occur within the Firth River itself are by sport distinct from other populations in fishing. neighbouring systems. The status of this stock is being reviewed to evaluate the characteristics of a relatively unexploited stock, and information will support co- • Although there is some evidence of management needs. The Firth River system flows genetic variation between the Firth from Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, into River and Joe Creek populations, the Yukon Territory, within the Settlement Region (ISR) and . As a there is not sufficient divergence to result, a number of agencies co-manage the Firth consider them to be distinct stocks. River: Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Fisheries Joint Management Committee (FJMC), • The Dolly Varden from the Firth , and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The West Side Working River system are fished in a small Group (WSWG) was established in 2001 by DFO, sport fishery and mixed stock FJMC, the Hunters and Trappers fisheries along the coast in Canadian Committee (HTC) and Parks Canada to develop an integrated fisheries management plan for this and Alaskan waters. and other stocks of North Slope Dolly Varden. • The contribution of Firth River Dolly Varden to the mixed stock fisheries is unknown.

December 2003

Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden

• Coastal movements of Firth River anadromous (sea-run) and a residual, Dolly Varden are unknown and likely non-migratory (solely freshwater) form variable. (McCart 1980). The residual form is comprised almost exclusively of males, • Although this stock is considered to which remain in freshwater for their be relatively unexploited, the actual entire lives and, therefore, do not go harvest and current size of this stock through the smoltification process. They is unknown. mature at a smaller size and younger age than their anadromous counterparts Species Biology and “sneak” into the redds to spawn with the anadromous females. Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) are closely related to Arctic char (S. The anadromous form, the most alpinus), lake trout (S. namaycush) and commonly observed, reside in their brook trout (S. fontinalis). Externally, all headwater streams for approximately chars, including Dolly Varden, can be three years as parr before making their distinguished from salmon and true first migration to the to trouts by their light spots (yellow, orange feed in summer as smolts. Glova and or pink) on a darker background, as McCart (1974) found that the spring opposed to black spots or speckles on a migration occurred in early to mid-June, lighter background. Dolly Varden can with larger fish migrating earlier than usually be distinguished from Arctic char smaller ones. They return in the fall to by their more numerous and smaller the freshwater riverine environment to spots with blue halos, more laterally overwinter. Spawning fish return to the compressed bodies and generally less- upper areas of the Firth River about a forked tail fins. The anadromous form of month prior to non-spawners (Glova and Dolly Varden, when in non-breeding McCart 1974). Some spawners may condition, is silvery with an olive-green remain in freshwater the year that they to brown colour on the dorsal surface. spawn (Glova and McCart 1974). In a Colours vary between stocks, fish size, study of near-shore waters in Alaska, and breeding condition (Armstrong and Roguski and Komarek (1971) found Morrow 1980). some spawners spent time feeding in the Beaufort Sea the same year they In the Canadian Arctic, Dolly Varden spawned. They continue to make inhabit North Slope rivers (Fig. 1) to the summer and fall migrations to and from west of the , including the sea for the remainder of their lives. the Vittrekwa (Peel River drainage), Big The summer feeding movements in Fish, Babbage, Firth, and the Rat rivers. coastal waters is a time of intense Dolly Varden are recognized as a feeding and growth (Craig 1984). distinct species (Reist et al. 1997), Fechhelm et al. (1997), however, found although earlier literature for this area slow growth in early summer along the either refers to them as the western Alaskan coast, and speculated that this Arctic form of Arctic char or combines might be explained by migration, the information for the two species. dispersal, food availability, water quality, and stock mixing. Many Dolly Varden stocks, including the Firth River stock, exhibit both an Detailed information on aquatic organisms, communities, and habitats,

2 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden both freshwater and marine, within length and younger than 11 years of age Ivvavik National Park, including the Dolly (Glova and McCart 1974; Baker 1987). Varden, are summarized in Karasiuk et al. (1993). Eddy et al. (2001) provide a 1000 900 summary specifically for Firth River Males Dolly Varden. There is, however, a lack 800 of information about the biology of 700 600

Canadian Dolly Varden in marine waters 500 during the open-water season. 400

300 y = 259.24 ln (x) + 1.98 R2 = 0.97 n = 105

On average, 40.2% of the anadromous 200 population in the Firth River stock was 100 male (Glova and McCart 1974), and the 0 02468101214 mean ratio of females to males for all age groups was 1.4:1 (Glova and 1000 900 McCart 1974; Baker 1987). Females 800 700 Estimated mean length of sexually 600 mature anadromous fish was 575 mm 500 Mean Fork Length (mm) ( ± 95% confidence intervals) ( ± confidence (mm) 95% Fork Length Mean

(males) and 625 mm (females). Glova 400 and McCart (1974) found that among 300 y = 214.43 ln (x) + 42.15 R2 = 0.99 n = 250 anadromous fish, the youngest mature 200 individuals, both male and female, from 100 0 the Firth River, were 4 years old. The 02468101214 youngest of the mature resident males Age (y) was age three (Glova and McCart Fig. 2. Length-at-age for male and female Dolly 1974). Age of 50% maturity for Varden from the Firth River. Data are combined for 1986, 1988 and 1995 (J. anadromous fish was age 7 or 8 (Glova Johnson, unpublished data; J. Reist, and McCart 1974). Glova and McCart unpublished data). (1974) found that males tended to be slightly larger than females for most age Spawning began in mid-August and classes of seaward migrants, although continued through September and early the discrepancy was small. Females October in the Upper Firth River while contained an average of 4966 ± 463 spawners arrived later and spawned eggs (n = 20). later in Joe Creek (Glova and McCart 1974). This may be influenced by the Plots of length-at-age data for Firth higher water temperature at the thermal River Dolly Varden confirm that males upwellings in Joe Creek (4°C) as tend to be larger than females, compared to the Firth River (1.5°C). beginning at about four years of age The frequency of spawning for the stock (Fig. 2). Firth River Dolly Varden in the Firth River and Joe Creek is not appear to be the fastest growing of the known (Glova and McCart 1974). Beaufort Sea stocks (Armstrong and Morrow 1980). A 1972 sample showed The spawning, nursery, and overwin- that mature anadromous fish ranged tering areas of the Firth River system from 350 to 820 mm in length and 4 to are all associated with perennial 15 years of age. Resident fish sampled upwellings that provide flowing water at this time were all less than 390 mm in

3 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden year-round. Upwelling areas are very boundaries of Ivvavik National Park and restricted, and are used intensively by within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region. the population (Glova and McCart 1974). Glova and McCart (1974) observed spawning Dolly Varden in three sites along the upper Firth River

and in Joe Creek near the Alaska/Yukon border. There may be additional over- wintering areas in the delta of the lower Firth River (Glova and McCart 1974). The delta of the lower Firth had

relatively high densities of fry and juveniles (Glova and McCart 1974). There is evidence that in the Firth River over-wintering areas, Dolly Varden may segregate into size classes (Glova and

McCart 1974). In the winter, juvenile fish appear to utilize primarily shallow areas with little flow, such as near stream edges (Glova and McCart 1974). Smolts and mature fish appear to

occupy deeper water, such as pools and main channel, as well as under the ice at the edges of open water areas (Glova and McCart 1974). Papik et al. (2003) reported one fish hole with “hand length”

sized fish in the winter. Fig. 3. Map of the Firth River area indicating the spawning sites and water gauge location. Free-swimming young-of-the-year Dolly Varden emerged in areas of winter flow Peak discharge levels generally occur prior to spring break-up (Glova and during spring flooding in late May and McCart 1974). They were first observed early June, when there is also high in Joe Creek on 11 May, and were turbidity, substantial undercutting of collected in the gravel at the stream’s banks, shifting substrates, and edge (Glova and McCart 1974). dislodging of shoreline vegetation (Glova and McCart 1974). Description of Habitat The numerous spring-fed areas in an The Firth River system (Figs 1 and 3) approximately 12 km long stretch in the originates in the Davidson Mountains in headwaters of Firth River and the Alaska and flows northeast to the spring-fed area in the headwaters of Joe Beaufort Sea. The headwaters of both Creek are the only known spawning, the Firth River and Joe Creek originate nursery, and primary over-wintering in Alaska within the Arctic National areas for anadromous Dolly Varden in Wildlife Refuge. In Canada, the Firth the river system (Baker 1987). Large River and Joe Creek are entirely within fields of ice (aufeis) form on the braided the Yukon Territory, within the areas of the river or its tributaries that

4 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden are downstream from these spring-fed were harvested in 1965, and 363 kg areas, and usually persist throughout were harvested in 1966, before lack of the summer months (Baker 1987). profit closed the fishery (Baker 1987). Fish harvested by this fishery may have The delta area of the Firth River may come from the Malcolm, Firth, and other also contain important habitat for Dolly rivers to the west, and from the rivers Varden, particularly feeding and nursery eastward as far as the Mackenzie areas for young fish during the ice-free (Currie 1964). Dolly Varden arrive at period (Glova and McCart 1974). While in early July, and remain no direct evidence for spawning in in the area until late August (Currie this area is available, eggs and 1964). Currie reports that, in 1963, the embryos have been recorded in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police living stomachs of fish captured in the springs on Herschel Island used 10 nets inside between the Malcolm and Firth river Pauline Cove to catch 5000 char in 10 deltas. Fry and juveniles are present in days. In addition to harvests in this the delta during the ice-free season, and area, some Firth River Dolly Varden fry, presmolts, and immature anadro- may be taken in mixed stock harvests in mous fish have been found in high Alaska or the Mackenzie Delta densities in these springs in late winter (Kristofferson and Baker 1988; Baker (Glova and McCart 1974). This area 1987). also provides an important transitional zone between the freshwater and ma- Current harvest rine environments that Dolly Varden use during smoltification. Within the past decade, levels of harvest from the Firth River and Joe Creek stocks are thought to be low. Small The Fishery numbers of these stocks are harvested in subsistence fisheries at Shingle and Historical harvest King Points (Sandstrom et al. 1997). Some harvesting at Herschel Island also In the past, the Firth River stock has occurs, and some Canadian Dolly been harvested directly from the river Varden are harvested in Alaska and along the Beaufort coast as part of (Krueger et al. 1999). The numbers a mixed stock fishery (Papik et al. harvested in the mixed stock fisheries 2003). The fishing pressure directly on can be variable and may not be reported fish in this river has been low, likely due (D.C. Gordon, pers. comm.). Alaskan to its inaccessibility (Kristofferson and Inupiat travel between Aklavik and Baker 1988; Baker 1987). A small Kaktovik, and may harvest Canadian domestic/ commercial fishery was Dolly Varden. In 2002, for example, operated by the residents of Herschel seven boats were stranded at Herschel Island until the town and Island were Island by bad weather, and it was abandoned in the mid-1960s (Papik et estimated that as many as 300 fish may al. 2003). The Menzies Fish Co. Ltd. have been caught (D.C. Gordon, pers. conducted commercial fishing from comm.) in addition to over 200 taken by Pauline Cove and Ptarmigan Bay off young fishers. There is a commitment Herschel Island in the mid-1960s. by the Yukon Government to monitor Approximately 7296 kg of Dolly Varden the harvest from Herschel Island Territorial Park, which will provide

5 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden additional information relevant to the A small commercial Dolly Varden fishery management of the Firth River stock. A was initiated in the 1960s at Herschel small summer sport fishery on the Firth Island and Phillips Bay, and fish were River in Ivvavik National Park took an flown to Shingle Point for processing estimated 38 Dolly Varden in 2001 and freezing. The operation lasted for (McLean, in prep.). An additional 28 only two years, and since then only Dolly Varden were caught and released subsistence and recreational fishing has on the Firth that season. No taken place. recreational harvest of Dolly Varden was reported along the North Slope coast People frequently stop at Herschel during spring and summer months of Island on their way to visit family and 2001. Sport fishing is regulated by friends in Alaska, and Alaskans stop on Parks Canada within Ivvavik National their way to visit in Canada. At times, Park. significant numbers of Dolly Varden may be taken during these visits. People fish View of Fishers mostly in the late summer and early fall, when the char start migrating to their The Inuvialuit have long depended on spawning areas. the Dolly Varden (iqaluqpiq) of the Yukon North Slope for food. Along the Even though Firth River Dolly Varden Firth River, at a place called Iggitchiarq, are not harvested extensively, the there is an old fishing location for the fishers still consider it to be an important Inuvialuit. Archaeologists have carbon- system, especially given the present dated artifacts from this site back to condition of the Big Fish River stock 8000 years ago (Papik et al. 2003). (DFO 2003). Elders and fishers Inuvialuit fishers have changed their consider that a holistic approach is fishing locations and practices over the essential to ensure the future survival of decades, because a number of circum- Dolly Varden in the ISR. They have stances have changed. In the early supported the establishment of the 1900s, Herschel Island (a thriving WSWG by the FJMC, DFO, the Aklavik community of about 1500 people), at the HTC, and Parks Canada to develop a mouth of Firth River, was used as a long-term objective-based Fisheries main port for whalers in the Beaufort Management Plan for all fish stocks Sea (Papik et al. 2003). People lived west of the Mackenzie River to the there year round, , trapping, and Canada/Alaska border, including the fishing. Elders recall several good Firth River Dolly Varden. fishing locations, such as Sheep Creek, Joe Creek, Iggitchiarq, at the start of the Resource Status Firth Delta, Ptarmigan Bay, and Komakuk Beach on the coast. People Stock Delineation began to leave Herschel Island as declined and the muskrat boom There is some evidence of genetic in the Mackenzie Delta began in the variation between the Firth River (main 1930s and 1940s. The store and school stem) and Joe Creek populations, but closed and, in the 1950s, the RCMP there is insufficient divergence to post closed. declare them to be distinct stocks. They are, however, distinct from other North

6 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden Slope river populations of Dolly Varden Sustainable Harvesting Rate (Reist 1989; Everett et al. 1997; Krueger et al. 1999; Rhydderch 2001; Bajno and It has been recommended that until Reist, in prep). There are significant sustainable exploitation rates for Dolly differences in otolith core strontium Varden stocks located west of the levels between Firth River and Joe Mackenzie River have been determined, Creek Dolly Varden in both anadromous annual exploitation rates should not and residual fish (Babaluk and Reist, in exceed 5% of the anadromous prep.). Morphometric data also suggest population of harvestable sized fish that these two spawning populations (Cosens et al. 1998). differ from one another (Johnson 2002). Sources of Uncertainty Discrete stocks appear to be maintained by high fidelity to natal streams by There is no current estimate of stock spawning fish. While some wandering size and little information on the harvest into other river systems is evident from of Firth River Dolly Varden, particularly tagging studies, these fish are thought along the coast. As a result, the to be non-spawners (McCart 1980), and sustainable harvest levels can not be may be overwintering in a non-natal determined. The present day contribu- system. Recaptures of tagged Dolly tion of the Firth River stock to any of the Varden (Glova and McCart 1974) coastal harvests is unknown. The indicate the extent of movement in composition of mixed stocks at specific coastal waters. Two Dolly Varden harvest locations and times needs to be tagged in the upper Firth River and Joe determined (Reist 1989). There is no Creek during spring migration were information on possible habitat changes recaptured during upstream migrations that may be occurring in the Firth River. in the Canning and Kongakut rivers in Very few trend data are available, and Alaska. The Canning River is approxi- there are no catch effort data available mately 250 km west of the Firth River. for this system. Fourteen were recaptured in the Upper Firth River later the same year. Four Outlook more were captured at Herschel Island the same year, and three more were There seems to be a potential for caught at one summer increased recreational and subsistence later. Krueger et al. (1999) also found fishing pressure because of increased mixing of stocks between Canadian and interest in Ivvavik National Park, Alaskan waters. Herschel Island Territorial Park, and Inupiat and Inuvialuit travelling along the Stock Size coast. Increased harvest of Dolly Varden from Alaskan waters may also There are no reliable estimates for Dolly impact the Firth River system stocks. Varden abundance from the Firth River.

Stock Trends

There is no information to assess stock trends for this population.

7 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden Management Considerations - develop the fisheries management operational plan. Jurisdiction The Aklavik Inuvialuit Community

Conservation Plan (Community of The Firth River Dolly Varden fisheries Aklavik et al. 2000) was prepared by the within Canada are co-managed by DFO, community of Aklavik, the Wildlife FJMC, and Parks Canada, as estab- Management Advisory Council (NWT), lished under the Inuvialuit Final and the Joint Secretariat. This plan has Agreement (IFA 1984). designated the Firth River watershed in

Ivvavik National Park as Management Important overwintering and spawning Category D, which indicates lands and sites, located within Ivvavik National waters where renewable resources are Park boundaries, are protected by Parks of particular significance and sensitivity Canada. The Ivvavik National Park of throughout the year. Management Canada Management Plan describes should eliminate, where possible, the management and protection of the potential damage and disruption. ecological resources of Ivvavik National

Park, including Dolly Varden and their Part of the Firth River and Joe Creek habitat. The plan was developed by watersheds are located in Alaska. The Parks Canada in partnership with Alaska Department of Fish and Game Inuvialuit resource management (ADFandG) manages all subsistence, organizations and co-management commercial, and sport fishing that boards established through the Inuvialuit occurs within Alaska. Land use Final Agreement. activities in streams containing

anadromous fish are also regulated by The FJMC, DFO, Aklavik HTC, and the ADFandG under the Anadromous Parks Canada have established the Fish Act. Additionally, USFWS is WSWG to develop a long-term, responsible for habitat management objective-based Fisheries Management within the Arctic National Wildlife Plan for the rivers between the Refuge. Being within the boundaries of Mackenzie River and the the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Canada/Alaska border. The WSWG is should ensure that the Alaskan portion currently made up of fishers from of the Firth River watershed is Aklavik, community elders, biologists, protected. and managers.

Management of this stock is The WSWG has initiated a process to: complicated by the fact that it is - assemble scientific and traditional vulnerable to a mixed stock fishery knowledge and information on fish along the Beaufort Coast likely on both stocks and habitats, implemented sides of the Canada/U.S. border. Dolly through the DFO Science Regional Varden from the Firth River are Advisory Process (RAP), vulnerable to any habitat disturbance - establish conservation limits for the that occurs in their summer feeding stock, areas along the coast. Impacts from oil - set fisheries management objectives and gas exploration and development and strategies for the stock, and could occur in these areas.

8 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden Fishing pressure may increase on the oxygen level, silt loads, temperature, Firth River because of the decline of the pH) of the spawning and over-wintering Big Fish River stock as fishers look for areas, could pose a threat to developing alternate sources of Dolly Varden. In embryos, rearing juveniles and/or the event of increased harvest, there spawning, and over-wintering adults would be an opportunity to study the found there. The integrity of the transition from a relatively unexploited to watershed must be maintained. More a harvested stock. pervasive threats, such as climate change or increased incident ultraviolet Mixed Stock Harvesting radiation resulting from ozone depletion, may affect the fish and their habitat but Fish captured in summer coastal details are not understood at the present fisheries can be from one of several time. Water quality/chemistry has been different river systems (Reist 1989; monitored on the Firth River by Parks Kristofferson et al. 1991). The compo- Canada on an ongoing basis, along with sition of mixed stocks is generally measurements of water flow at the unknown and highly variable. water gauge site (69°19’37”N, 139°34’8”W). This will provide baseline Timing of Harvests historical data to compare with current conditions. Fish that are aggregated in over- wintering sites are highly vulnerable to For More Information capture, and large numbers can often be harvested in a short period of time. Contact: Sam Stephenson Harvest in these areas following Fisheries and Oceans Canada spawning also has the potential to 501 University Cres. increase egg mortality. This can occur if Winnipeg, MB seining activities disturb or destroy R3T 2N6 redds (Stephenson 1999). Telephone: (204) 984-0577 Other Considerations Facsimile: (204) 983-3073 E-Mail: [email protected] The Firth River is unique as it has never been glaciated, and, therefore, may be one of the oldest continuously flowing References rivers in Canada (Welch 1993). It is a tourist destination for whitewater rafting Armstrong, R.H., and J.E. Morrow. adventures, and is an area of 1980. The dolly varden charr spectacular scenery. Salvelinus malma., pp. 99-140. In: Balon, E.K. (ed.). Charrs, Salmonid Habitat alteration and/or degradation of fishes of the genus Salvelinus. Dr. the spawning and over-wintering sites W. Junk bv publishers, The Hague. are the major threats faced by Dolly Varden stocks on the North Slope. Any Babaluk, J., and J.D. Reist. (in prep.). development activity (e.g., roads, right- Micro-PIXE analysis of strontium and of-way) that would diminish the integrity zinc distributions in Dolly Varden, or physical characteristics (water level, Salvelinus malma, otoliths from

9 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden Northwestern Canada and Alaska: Currie, R.D. 1964. The Yukon Territory retrospective determination of life littoral: An economic development history traits. Fisheries and Oceans program. Report prepared for the Canada, North Slope Dolly Varden Department of Northern Affairs and RAP working paper. xi + 69 p. National Resources. 32 p.

Bajno, R., and J.D. Reist. (in prep.). DFO. 2003. Big Fish River Dolly Evidence for genetic stock structure Varden. DFO Science Stock Status of the Dolly Varden of the Alaskan Report D5-60 (2002). and Canadian North Slope. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, North Slope Eddy, J.B., J.D. Reist, and C.L. Evans. Dolly Varden RAP working paper. 36 2001. Status and trends of Firth River p. and Joe Creek Dolly Varden stocks. North Slope Dolly Varden RAP Baker, R.F. 1987. Status report for working paper. 27 p. arctic char stocks of the Rat, Big Fish, Babbage and Firth rivers of the Everett, R.J., R.L. Wilmot, and C.C. Northwest Territories and Yukon Krueger. 1997. Population genetic North Slope. Western Region, structure of Dolly Varden from Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Beaufort Sea drainages of Northern Winnipeg, MB. 62 p. Alaska and Canada. American Fisheries Society Symposium 19: Community of Aklavik, the Wildlife 240-249. Management Advisory Council (NWT) and the Joint Secretariat. 2000. Fechhelm, R.G, J.D. Bryan, W.B. Aklavik Inuvialuit Community Griffiths, and L.R. Martin. 1997. Conservation Plan. A plan for the Summer growth patterns of northern conservation and management of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) renewable resources and lands within smolts from the Prudhoe Bay region the Inuvialuit Settlement Region in of Alaska. Canadian Journal of the vicinity of Aklavik, Northwest Fisheries and Aquatic Science 54: Territories. , NT. 55 p. 1103-1110.

Cosens, S.E, B.G.E. de March, S. Glova, G., and P. McCart. 1974. Life Innes, J. Mathias, and T.A. Shortt. history of Arctic char (Salvelinus 1998. Report of the Arctic Fisheries alpinus) in the Firth River, Yukon Scientific Advisory Committee for Territory. Chapter III. In: P.J. McCart 1993/94, 1994/95 and 1995/96. (ed.) Life histories of anadromous Canadian Manuscript Report of and freshwater fish in the western Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2473: Arctic. Arctic Gas Biological Report v + 87 p. Series 20.

Craig, P.C. 1984. Fish use of coastal IFA (Inuvialuit Final Agreement). 1984. waters of the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: The Western Arctic Claim: The A review. Transactions of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, Indian and American Fisheries Society 113: 265- Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa, 282. ON.

10 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden Johnson, J.D. 2002. Morphologic western Arctic. Canadian Technical evidence of stock structuring in North Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Slope Dolly Varden char. Fisheries Sciences 935: vii + 89 p. and Oceans Canada, North Slope Dolly Varden RAP working paper. 23 McLean, E.B. (in prep.). Inuvialuit p. Settlement Region (ISR) 2001 spring- summer sport angler survey. Karasiuk, D.J., G.J. Birch, T.L. Slaney, Canada/Inuvialuit Fisheries Joint and J.D. McPhail. 1993. Aquatic Management Committee Technical resources of Northern Yukon National Report, Inuvik, NT. Park. Chapter 7. In: Canadian Parks Service. Northern Yukon National Papik, R., M. Marschke, and G.B. Ayles. Park resource description and 2003. Inuvialuit traditional ecological analysis. Natural Resource knowledge of fisheries in rivers west Conservation Section, Canadian of the Mackenzie River in the Parks Service, Prairie and Northern Canadian Arctic. Canada/ Inuvialuit Region, Winnipeg. (RM REPORT 93- Fisheries Joint Management 01/INP). Committee Report, 2003-3: v+ 20 p. (in press) Kristofferson, A.H., and R.F. Baker. 1988. Stock status of Arctic char in Reist, J.D. 1989. Genetic structuring of the Firth River, Yukon Territory. allopathic populations and sympatric Unpublished report presented to the life history types of charr, Salvelinus Arctic Fisheries Scientific Advisory alpinus/malma, in the western Arctic, Committee, DFO. Canada. Physiology and Ecology Japan, Special Volume 1: 405-420. Kristofferson, A., D. Wiswar, P. Lemieux, D. Marshall, A. Blouw, C. Reist, J.D., J.D. Johnson, and T.J. Hemming, G. Antoniuk, and W. Carmichael. 1997. Variation and Archie. 1991. Joint Canada-USA specific identity of char from field survey of the charr (Salvelinus Northwestern Arctic Canada and sp.) resources of the Firth River, Alaska. American Fisheries Society Yukon Territory and Alaska, Symposium 19: 250-261. September, 1989. Canadian Data Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Rhydderch, J.G. 2001. Population Sciences 861: iv + 21 p. structure and microphylogeographic patterns of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus Krueger, C.C., R.L. Wilmot, and R.J. malma) along the Yukon North Slope. Everett. 1999. Stock origins of Dolly M.Sc. Thesis, University of Guelph, Varden collected from Beaufort Sea Guelph, ON. v +128 p. coastal sites of Arctic Alaska and Canada. Transactions of the Roguski, E.A., and E. Komarek. 1971. American Fisheries Society 128: 49- Monitoring and evaluation of arctic 57. waters with emphasis on the North Slope drainages. Alaska Department McCart, P.J. 1980. A review of the of Fish and Game. Project F-9-3. ii + systematics and ecology of Arctic 61 p. char, Salvelinus alpinus, in the

11 Central & Arctic Region Firth River Dolly Varden

Sandstrom, S.J., P.J. Lemieux, and J.D. This report is available from the: Reist. 1997. Enumeration and biological data from the upstream Freshwater Institute migration of Dolly Varden charr c/o Kathleen Martin (Salvelinus malma) (W.), from the Central and Arctic Region Babbage River, Yukon North Slope, Fisheries and Oceans Canada 1990 to 1992. Canadian Data Report 501 University Crescent of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6 1018: iv + 132 p. Telephone: (204) 983-5131 Facsimile: (204) 984-2403 Stephenson, S.A. 1999. Big Fish River, e-mail: [email protected] Cache Creek char enumeration www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas project – 1998. Unpublished report,

Department of Fisheries and Oceans, ISSN 1480-4913 Central and Arctic Region, Inuvik, NT. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of 16 p. Canada, 2002 Welch, D. M. 1993. Geology of Northern Yukon National Park. Chapter 3. In: Canadian Parks Service. Northern La version française est disponible à Yukon National Park resource l’adresse ci-dessus. description and analysis. Natural Resource Conservation Section,

Canadian Parks Service, Prairie and Northern Region, Winnipeg. (RM Correct citation for this REPORT 93-01/INP). publication Personal Communications DFO. 2003. Firth River Dolly Varden. Gordon, D.C., Hunters and Trappers DFO Sci. Stock Status Report D5-63 Committee, Aklavik, NT (2002).

Unpublished data

Reist, J., Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, MB

Johnson, J., Fisheries and Oceans

Canada, Freshwater Institute,

Winnipeg, MB

12