DOCSLIB.ORG

Implications for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome and Achilles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Implications for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome and Achilles TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF PROLONGED PRONATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME AND ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY by JAMES NICHOLAS MACKSOUD BECKER A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Human Physiology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2013 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: James Nicholas Macksoud Becker Title: Towards an Understanding of Prolonged Pronation: Implications for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome and Achilles Tendinopathy This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Human Physiology by: Dr. Li-Shan Chou Chairperson Dr. Andrew Karduna Core Member Dr. Louis Osternig Core Member Dr. Stan James Core Member Dr. James Snodgrass Institutional Representative and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2013 ii © 2013 James Nicholas Macksoud Becker iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT James Nicholas Macksoud Becker Doctor of Philosophy Department of Human Physiology June 2013 Title: Towards an Understanding of Prolonged Pronation: Implications for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome and Achilles Tendinopathy Epidemiologic data suggest 25% to 75% of all runners experience an overuse injury each year. Commonly cited biomechanical factors related to overuse injuries such as Achilles tendinopathy or medial tibial stress syndrome include excessive amounts or velocities of foot pronation. However, there is conflicting evidence in the literature supporting this theory. An alternative hypothesis suggests it is not necessarily the amount or velocity of pronation which is important for injury development; rather it is the duration the foot remains in a pronated position throughout stance that is the important variable. This project examined this hypothesis by first identifying biomechanical markers of prolonged pronation. Second, it assessed whether individuals currently symptomatic with injuries typically attributed to excessive pronation instead demonstrate the biomechanical markers of prolonged pronation. Finally, musculoskeletal modeling techniques were used to examine musculotendinous kinematics in injured and healthy runners, as well as healthy runners with prolonged pronation. The results suggest the two most robust measures for identifying individuals with prolonged pronation are the period of pronation and the eversion of the rear foot at heel iv off. Individuals with prolonged pronation can also be identified with a set of clinically feasible measures including higher standing tibia varus angles, reduced static hip internal rotation range of motion, and increased hip internal rotation during stance phase. Finally, individuals with prolonged pronation display a more medially located center of pressure trajectory during stance. Compared to healthy controls, individuals currently symptomatic with Achilles tendinopathy or medial tibial stress syndrome did not differ in the amount or velocity of pronation. However, they did demonstrate the biomechanical markers of prolonged pronation. Injured individuals also demonstrated greater average musculotendinous percent elongation than healthy controls, especially through mid and late stance. Currently healthy individuals demonstrating prolonged pronation exhibited musculotendinous percent elongations intermediate to the healthy and injured groups. As a whole, the results from this study suggest prolonged pronation may play a role in the development of common overuse running injuries. It is suggested future studies on injury mechanisms consider pronation duration as an important variable to examine. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material. v CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: James Nicholas Macksoud Becker GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, Human Physiology, 2013, University of Oregon Master of Science, Human Physiology, 2010, University of Oregon Bachelor of Arts, Geography, 2002, Middlebury College AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Lower extremity biomechanics Sport biomechanics PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Biomechanist, USA Track & Field Sports Science, 2012 to present Graduate Teaching Fellow, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 2009 to present Science Teacher, Vergennes Union High School, Vergennes, Vermont, 2002 to 2007 Head Track & Field and Cross Country Coach, Vergennes Union High School, Vergennes, Vermont, 2002 to 2007. GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Best Podium Presentation Award, Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, 2012 Best Poster Presentation Award, Northwest Biomechanics Symposium, 2012 vi Moshberger Endowed Scholarship, Department of Human Physiology, 2011 and 2012 Dissertation Grant in Aid, American Society of Biomechanics, 2012 Matching Dissertation Award, International Society of Biomechanics, 2012 Eugene and Clarissa Evonuk Fellowship in Environmental and Stress Physiology, University of Oregon, 2012 vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. Li-Shan Chou for his mentorship and friendship over the last five years. In everything from teaching to research to professional etiquette to philosophical discussions on life, you set the standard for what it means to be a mentor and advisor. I can only hope to do as well by my future students. Thank you. I also wish to thank the members of my committee, Drs. Andrew Karduna, Louis Osternig, Josh Snodgrass, and Stan James, for their insightful questions and critiques which have greatly contributed to improving the quality of this work. In addition to their feedback on the dissertation I wish to thank Dr. Karduna and Dr. Osternig for their guidance and instruction throughout my graduate studies. It has been a great privilege to work with and learn from such accomplished individuals. I would especially like to say thank you to Dr. James for volunteering his time in the laboratory helping with research, referring patients from his clinical practice, and generally being an invaluable resource. I cannot begin to express how much I have learned in talking with you and how much I have enjoyed our interactions. I look forward to more collaborative efforts in the future. This work would not have been possible without the aid of numerous individuals. To Robert Wayner, thank you for your friendship, help in referring patients, overall support of the project, and for thought provoking discussions on future research ideas. I foresee some great collaborative projects stemming from these discussions. To my colleagues in the laboratory: Vipul Lugade, Scott Breloff, Masa Fujimoto, Shiu-Ling Chui, David Howell, On-Yee Lo, Chi-Wei Chou, JJ Hannigan, Eric Pisciotta, and RJ viii Howey thank you for your help and support. From pitching in to help with data collection, serving as sounding boards for new ideas or data interpretations, to generally making the laboratory a fun place to work and spend time, you all have left an indelible imprint on this project. Thank you also for making Eugene a great place to learn and live for the last five years. From mountain adventures to in town activities it would not have been the same without you all. Don’t forget to get outside and see the sun every now and then. I am especially grateful to my family for their support and encouragement. To my parents, Jim and Mimi, my brother John and his wife Ember, thank for you always understanding. To the rest of my family, especially Bill and Melinda, Patty, Pete, and Carrie, Vicky, Nickie and Dan, thank you for your continued support and encouragement. Last, but certainly not least, thank you to Hilary Senesac for your unwavering love and support. Without your help this whole project never would have gotten off the ground. You are a constant source of inspiration and I look forward to what new adventures come our way. This dissertation has been supported in part by the Department of Human Physiology’s Ursula (Sue) Moshberger scholarship, the Eugene and Clarissa Evonuk Graduate Fellowship in Environmental and Stress Physiology, the American Society of Biomechanics Dissertation Grant-in-Aid, and the International Society of Biomechanics Matching Dissertation Grant. ix This work is dedicated to my coach, mentor, and friend Dave Kerin. Without those late nights conversations in McCullough I would not be on this path. x TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Running Injuries Incidences and Associated Costs ............................................... 1 Anthropometric and Anatomic Factors Related to Running Injuries .................... 4 General Foot Kinematics and Anatomy of the Foot .............................................. 6 Theoretical Relationships Between Foot Kinematics and Common Running Injuries..................................................................................................... 13 Issues with the Current Theories and an Alternative View ................................... 16 Overall Goals and Specific Aims for the Dissertation ........................................... 19 Identify Specific Biomechanical Markers of Prolonged Pronation ................. 20 Examine Whether Injured Individuals Display
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Preventative Taping in Futsal: an Exploratory Analysis of Low-Dye Taping on Planter Force Distribution and Pain Sensitivity
    applied sciences Article Preventative Taping in Futsal: An Exploratory Analysis of Low-Dye Taping on Planter Force Distribution and Pain Sensitivity Sebastian Klich 1,* , Biye Wang 2 , Aiguo Chen 2, Jun Yan 2 and Adam Kawczy ´nski 1 1 Department of Paralympic Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, 51-617 Wrocław, Poland; [email protected] 2 College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; [email protected] (B.W.); [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (J.Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 December 2019; Accepted: 7 January 2020; Published: 11 January 2020 Featured Application: Low-dye taping plays a crucial role in the management and treatment of lower extremity musculoskeletal pain and injury. The clinical efficacy of low-dye taping can be used in treatment for foot pain, plantar fasciitis, excessive foot pronation, and arch support. This application could be used by physical therapists, coaches, athletic trainers, as well as players themselves. Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in plantar foot force distribution (i.e., the percentage of force and force distribution under the rearfoot and forefoot) and plantar pressure pain sensitivity maps in professional futsal players after long-term low-dye taping (LDT). The subjects (n = 25) were male futsal players (age 23.03 1.15 years). During the ± experiment, a nonelastic tape was applied on the plantar foot surface according to the standards of LDP. The experimental protocol consisted of a 3-day cycle during which the plantar foot force distribution (FFD) and plantar pressure pain threshold (PPT) were measured: (1) before the tape was applied, (2) 24 h after application, and (3) 72 h after application.
    [Show full text]
  • Leg Length Discrepancy
    Gait and Posture 15 (2002) 195–206 www.elsevier.com/locate/gaitpost Review Leg length discrepancy Burke Gurney * Di6ision of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Uni6ersity of New Mexico, Health Sciences and Ser6ices, Boule6ard 204, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5661, USA Received 22 August 2000; received in revised form 1 February 2001; accepted 16 April 2001 Abstract The role of leg length discrepancy (LLD) both as a biomechanical impediment and a predisposing factor for associated musculoskeletal disorders has been a source of controversy for some time. LLD has been implicated in affecting gait and running mechanics and economy, standing posture, postural sway, as well as increased incidence of scoliosis, low back pain, osteoarthritis of the hip and spine, aseptic loosening of hip prosthesis, and lower extremity stress fractures. Authors disagree on the extent (if any) to which LLD causes these problems, and what magnitude of LLD is necessary to generate these problems. This paper represents an overview of the classification and etiology of LLD, the controversy of several measurement and treatment protocols, and a consolidation of research addressing the role of LLD on standing posture, standing balance, gait, running, and various pathological conditions. Finally, this paper will attempt to generalize findings regarding indications of treatment for specific populations. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Leg length discrepancy; Low back pain; Osteoarthritis 1. Introduction LLD (FLLD) defined as those that are a result of altered mechanics of the lower extremities [12]. In addi- Limb length discrepancy, or anisomelia, is defined as tion, persons with LLD can be classified into two a condition in which paired limbs are noticeably un- categories, those who have had LLD since childhood, equal.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of 12 Weeks of Systematic and Functional Corrective Exercises on Body Posture of Students Suffering from Pronation Distortion Syndrome
    I ranian R ehabilitation Journal June 2020, Volume 18, Number 2 Research Paper: The Effects of 12 Weeks of Systematic and Functional Corrective Exercises on Body Posture of Students Suffering From Pronation Distortion Syndrome Ali Golchini1 , Nader Rahnama1* 1. Department of Sport Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Use your device to scan and read the article online Citation: Golchini A, Rahnama N. The Effects of 12 Weeks of Systematic and Functional Corrective Exercises on Body Posture of Students Suffering From Pronation Distortion Syndrome. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2020; 18(2):181-192. http:// dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.18.2.937.1 : http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.18.2.937.1 A B S T R A C T Objectives: Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the common physical deformities, that Article info: causes distortions in the skeletal structures of the feet. The current study aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of systematic and functional corrective exercises on the body posture Received: 31 Jul 2019 of students with pronation distortion syndrome. Accepted: 01 Dec 2019 Available Online: 01 Jun 2020 Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 volunteers suffering from pronation distortion syndrome were selected. Then, they were randomly divided into two 15-member groups, i.e. the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group practiced systematic and functional corrective exercises for 12 weeks (three sessions a week, each lasting an hour), while the control group did not receive any exercises. Before and after the exercises, the students were evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) screening test as well as body posture tests, including flat feet, pronation angle of ankle joint, knock-knee (bow-leggedness or genu valgum), and lumbar lordosis (swayback).
    [Show full text]
  • The Active Supination Dorsiflexion Test Guided Therapeutic Intervention for Shin and Calf Pain: a Case Report
    ISSN: 2572-3243 Sebastian. J Musculoskelet Disord Treat 2020, 6:078 DOI: 10.23937/2572-3243.1510078 Volume 6 | Issue 2 Journal of Open Access Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatment CaSe RePoRT The Active Supination Dorsiflexion Test Guided Therapeutic Intervention for Shin and Calf Pain: A Case Report 1,2* Deepak Sebastian, DPT Check for updates 1Center for Athletic Medicine & Rehabilitation, Henry Ford Medical Center, Novi, Michigan, USA 2Program Director, Orthopedic Physical Therapy Residency, Institute of Therapeutic Sciences, Plymouth, Michigan, USA *Corresponding author: Deepak Sebastian, DPT, Program Director, Orthopedic Physical Therapy Residency, Institute of Therapeutic Sciences, Plymouth, Michigan, USA Abstract Introduction A 66-year-old male experienced right sided shin and calf Lower leg, shin and calf pain are frequently encoun- pain of an insidious onset. The duration of pain was 3 tered in rehabilitation settings. It is a condition preva- months, aggravated by walking and running. He also report- lent in both active and sedentary individuals [1,2]. Indi- ed resting pain especially during the night. A detail med- ical evaluation ruled out the presence of a blood clot and viduals presenting to a primary care setting with lower electrolyte imbalance. He was diagnosed as having restless leg, shin and calf pain are evaluated for the possible leg syndrome and referred for physical rehabilitation. Initial presence of blood clots [3], chronic exertional compart- examination revealed positive findings of comparable local ment syndrome (CECS) [4], stress fractures [5], and in- tenderness over the right shin and calf. He also present- frequently malignancy [6]. Other causes for lower leg ed with foot pronation that persisted throughout the stance phase of gait.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower
    Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg Content Strategist: Rita Demetriou-Swanwick Content Development Specialists: Catherine Jackson/Nicola Lally Project Manager: Umarani Natarajan Designer/Design Direction: Christian Bilbow Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose Illustrator: Antbits Management of Chronic Conditions in the Foot and Lower Leg Edited by Keith Rome BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD, FCPodMed, SRCh Professor in Podiatry and Co-Director, Health and Research Rehabilitation Institute, Department of Podiatry, School of Rehabilitation and Occupation Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Peter McNair DipPhysEd, DipPT, MPhEd(Distn), PhD Professor of Physiotherapy and Director, Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Foreword by Christopher Nester BSc(Hons), PhD Professor, Research Lead: Foot and Ankle Research Programme, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2015 © 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanics
    3 Biomechanics DARYL PHILLIPS Hallux valgus seems to be the hallmark of forefoot had the deformity. Kalcev10 reported 17 percent of deformities. Its occurrence in the modern society has males and 15 percent of females in Madagascar been estimated to be between one-tenth,1 one-sixth,2 showed hallux abductus (by Meyer's line) greater and one-third3,4 of the population. It has also been than 10° versus 50 percent of European woman. noted to occur at least twice as often in women as in James11 reported on the very straight inner border of men.5 It has on several occasions been referred to as the feet in Solomon Island natives, seeing no cases of the "hallux valgus complex",3,6 meaning that when it hallux valgus, and also noting the much stronger in- occurs, it is associated with a multitude of other symp- trinsic foot muscles compared to Europeans. Haines toms or deformities of the forefoot. These include cal- and McDougall12 reported that one adult Burmese luses under the forefoot, metatarsalgia, splayfoot, flat- woman started to develop bunions after wearing foot, plantar fascitis, and hammer toes. Thus, in the shoes only 3 months. Engle and Morton13 reported study of hallux valgus one often must discuss all these very few foot problems exist in the shoeless African other deformities. native population, and that the orthopedic surgeon Hallux valgus seems to be a deformity that was un- would have very little work with these people. Jeliffe common until the wearing of fully enclosed shoes and and Humphreys14 reported that almost no orthopedic boots.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomechanical Explanations for Selective Sport Injuries of the Lower Extremity • DR
    Biomechanical Explanations for Selective Sport Injuries of the Lower Extremity • DR. LEE S. COHEN • Podiatric Consultant: – Philadelphia Eagles – Philadelphia 76ers – Philadelphia Wings Understanding Normalcy What is “Normal”? Rearfoot/heel to leg Perpendicular forefoot in straight line to rearfoot Thighs and legs in straight line Understanding Normalcy Inverted Normal/Neutral Forefoot varus Heel varus or supinatus Bow-legged = Genu varum Understanding Normalcy Everted Normal/Neutral Heel valgus Forefoot valgus Knock-kneed = Genu valgum The Arches of Your Feet Rear foot High High Low (Back foot) Forefoot Arch High Low Low (Front foot) High Combo Low Arch Arch (Flatfoot) Understanding Normalcy, cont. These are abnormal foot types…a normal or neutral foot type is a happy medium between the high and low arch feet. Pes cavus = High arch foot Pes planus = Flatfoot “High-Low” = Combo foot Best Foot Forward • A person who runs or • A person who runs or walks properly: walks with a high arch: – Lands on lateral heel – Foot rolls to medial arch – Lands hard on lateral heel (pronates) while turning – Doesn’t pronate enough to inward to toe off great allow the impact of running toe to be absorbed through • A person who runs or walks flat footed: the body – Lands on lateral heel – The feet and outer part of – Foot rolls inward knee and hip bear the (pronates) excessively, brunt of each step which also causes the lower leg to turn inward excessively – With NO direct toe off Iliotibial Band Syndrome • Most common etiology of lateral knee pain in runners
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of UCBL and Medial Longitudinal Arch Support in Balance and Functional Performance in Bilateral Flexible Flat Feet in Patients Aged Between 16 and 20 Years
    ISSN: 2690 - 9189 Research Article International Journal of Orthopaedics Research Effect of UCBL and Medial Longitudinal Arch Support in Balance and Functional Performance in Bilateral Flexible Flat Feet in Patients Aged Between 16 And 20 Years Shyam Mohan Shukla1, Tapas Priyaranjan Behera1*, A M R Suresh1, Manda Chauhan1, Smita Jayavant1 and Dimple Kashyap2 1 Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute for Persons with *Corresponding author Physical Disabilities (Divyangjan), 4, Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Tapas Priyaranjan Behera, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Institute Delhi- 110 002, India for Persons with Physical Disabilities (Divyangjan), 4, Vishnu Digamber Marg, New Delhi- 110 002, India, 2Department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation, Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital, Bangla sahib Road, New Delhi-110001, Submitted: 21 May 2021; Accepted: 10 June 2021; Published: 27 July 2021 India. Citation: Shyam Mohan Shukla, Tapas Priyaranjan Behera, A M R Suresh, Manda Chauhan, Smita Jayavant and Dimple Kashyap (2021) Effect of UCBL and Medial Longitudinal Arch Support in Balance and Functional Performance in Bilateral Flexible Flat Feet in Patients Aged Between 16 And 20 Years. Int J Ortho Res, 4(2): 56-62. Abstract Purpose: Moulded foot orthoses have been shown to be successful in treating such injuries and reducing the symptoms by realigning the foot anatomy, controlling excessive pronation and reducing internal tibial rotation. Numerous prophylactics or therapeutic devices, such as motion control shoe, orthoses, orthotic devices, inserts and others, have emerged to limit the pronation range during running. In evaluating the effect of these devices to control pronation during running, orthopaedics and biomechanics researchers often investigate the rearfoot kinematics, or to be specific, the calcaneal motion in respect to the talus bone.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Overuse Injuries of the Foot and Ankle in Dancers
    Review Article Common Overuse Injuries of the Foot and Ankle in Dancers Itzhak Siev-Ner, M.D. oot and ankle problems are the within the sheath resulting in increased soft tissues and this results in essentially most common injuries seen in pressure and stretching, both of which a shortening of the Achilles tendon rela- F dancers.1-3 Most of these cause pain. If untreated or inadequately tive to the now longer bone.7 injuries are the result of overuse and treated, it may also result in adhesions 3. Excessive shock absorbed by the not a result of acute injury. Thorough between the tendon and the sheath and/ tendon, especially while landing from screening to detect risk factors as well or scar tissue within the tendon, which jumps. Bad technique such as not as correct technique can prevent a further decreases elasticity and contrib- reaching full weight bearing includ- great deal of these injuries.4-6 utes to the chronicity of the condition. ing the heels at the end of each jump Tendinitis is the most common con- Sometimes when the sheath is not in- is the most common fault.8 dition among foot and ankle problems, volved there is no pain. When the sheath 4. Non-resilient flooring that is with the Achilles tendon the predomi- is involved there is usually pain. not springy enough and therefore nant injury site. Therefore, the Achilles A number of factors contribute to does not absorb some of the shock tendon will be discussed in detail as a tenosynovitis of the Achilles tendon: produced by dance movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Leg Length Discrepancy and Osteoarthritis in the Knee, Hip and Lumbar Spine Kelvin J
    ISSN 0008-3194 (p)/ISSN 1715-6181 (e)/2015/226–237/$2.00/©JCCA 2015 Leg length discrepancy and osteoarthritis in the knee, hip and lumbar spine Kelvin J. Murray, BSc, BAppSc(Chiro)1 Michael F. Azari, BAppSc(Chiro), BSc(Hons), PhD1,2 Osteoarthritis (OA) is an extremely common condition L’arthrose est une pathologie extrêmement fréquente that creates substantial personal and health care costs. qui engendre des frais personnels et des coûts de soins An important recognised risk factor for OA is excessive de santé importants. Un facteur important de risque or abnormal mechanical joint loading. Leg length reconnu pour l’arthrose est la charge mécanique discrepancy (LLD) is a common condition that results in excessive ou anormale sur les articulations. L’inégalité uneven and excessive loading of not only knee joints but de longueur des membres inférieurs (ILMI) est une also hip joints and lumbar motion segments. Accurate affection fréquente qui se traduit par une charge inégale imaging methods of LLD have made it possible to study et excessive non seulement sur les articulations du the biomechanical effects of mild LLD (LLD of 20mm genou, mais aussi sur les articulations de la hanche or less). This review examines the accuracy of these et les segments mobiles lombaires. Des méthodes methods compared to clinical LLD measurements. It d’imagerie précises de l’ILMI ont permis d’étudier then examines the association between LLD and OA les effets biomécaniques d’une ILMI légère (ILMI de of the joints of the lower extremity. More importantly, 20 mm ou moins). Cette étude examine l’exactitude it addresses the largely neglected association between de ces méthodes par rapport aux mesures cliniques de LLD and degeneration of lumbar motion segments and l’ILMI.
    [Show full text]
  • Foot Pronation
    Footwear Science ISSN: 1942-4280 (Print) 1942-4299 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tfws20 Foot pronation Benno Nigg, Anja-Verena Behling & Joseph Hamill To cite this article: Benno Nigg, Anja-Verena Behling & Joseph Hamill (2019) Foot pronation, Footwear Science, 11:3, 131-134, DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1673489 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2019.1673489 Published online: 22 Oct 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 369 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tfws20 Footwear Science, 2019 Vol. 11, No. 3, 131–134, https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2019.1673489 FOOTWEAR BIOMECHANICS GROUP White Paper Committee: W. Potthast, H. Woo, and S. J. Dixon WHITE PAPER Foot pronation Benno Nigga, Anja-Verena Behlinga and Joseph Hamillb aDepartment of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; bDepartment of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA (Received 16 September 2019; accepted 24 September 2019) Over the past decades, pronation has been discussed as a potential risk factor for injuries or as the mechanism behind impact damping. However, little is understood about pronation. The objectives of this paper were to (a) define and dif- ferentiate between the terms of pronation and eversion, (b þ c) underline the importance and problematic aspects of pronation. The terms of pronation and eversion have often been used interchangeably in previous work. Both metrics describe rotations about two different axes of the foot. Due to the inaccessible location of the talus bone, mainly varia- bles measuring eversion have been used to approximate the actual movement of pronation.
    [Show full text]
  • Review the Foot in Sport
    6 Br J Sports Med 1999;33:6–13 Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.33.1.6 on 1 February 1999. Downloaded from Review The foot in sport K P Sherman Introduction shape is produced partly by the “windlass Foot disorders in sport can present very eVect”; the plantar aponeurosis inserts into the diYcult diagnostic and treatment problems. base of the proximal toe phalanges and when Many treatments have not been subjected to the toes are dorsiflexed the plantar fascia is properly conducted randomised controlled tightened and the medial longitudinal arch trials. Success in treating these disorders relies increases in height. The axis of the subtalar on a knowledge of the anatomy and kinesiology joint lies about 41° to the horizontal in the sag- of the foot and an understanding of the ittal plane and 23° to the midline axis of the interrelationship both between the diVerent foot in the transverse plane1; as a result of this parts of the foot and between the foot and more oblique axis, torque around the longitudinal proximal parts of the anatomy. Prevention and axis of the lower leg is converted into torque treatment require a knowledge of individual around the longitudinal axis of the foot (the sports, and long term success requires a team “torque translator eVect”). During normal gait approach which may involve coach, physio- the tibia internally rotates at initial foot loading therapist, doctor, orthotist, parent (in the case and the foot pronates (see below) to allow flex- of children), and many other key personnel, but ibility and adaptation to the ground.
    [Show full text]