SOUTH ERN *AFRICA AMonthly Survey of News and Opinion

Published by the Southern, Africa Committee, 637 West 125th Street New York, N. Y. 10027

Vol. III, No. 7 September, 1970

CONTENTS

* 1. Editorial 3

2. FEATURE ARTICLE: "The Hudson Institute and Its Flying Think Tank"--An African Adventure 3

3. THE LIBERATION MOVEMENTS 4 ANC Underground Carries On-Bomb Leaflets Explode Again 4 And Bombings in the U.S.A. 5 South Africa Sending Reinforcements Into Namibia 5 The Trial of the 22 5 The Banned, The Listed, and The Banished 5 Highest Daily Prison Population 6

4. THE PORTUGUESE TERRITORIES 6 Vorster Received in Visit to Lisbon 6 Portuguese Deputies Lost in Guinea 6 Deaths of Salazar, Galvao 6 Armed Struggle Continues 7 5. HOW VORSTER'S JAILERS "BROKE" ME (A Personal Account) 8

6. INSIDE RHODESIA 11

7. AT THE UNITED NATIONS 12 Secretary General Addresses Heads of State of the O.A.U. 12 Portugal Urged to Apply Principle of Independence 12 Security Council Condemns Violations of Arms Embargo 12

8. SPORT 13 South Africa Withdraws From Squash Championship 13 Boycott of World Gliding Championships 13 Australians Demand End to Sport With South Africa 13 Rugby Players Oppose Mixed Sport 13

Page 1 CONTE NTS (Continued)

9. STUDENTS 13 Blacks Walk Out of NUSAS 13 Charges Against White Demonstrators Dropped 13 10. BIG BRITISH FIRM REJECTS SOUTH AFRICAN OFFER 14 11. INSIDE NAMIBIA 16 Final Solution for Bushmen? 16 Development for Ovamboland 16 International Year to Combat Racism: Celebrate it in Namibia? 16 Back to World Court 16 The War Continues 17 Curfews on Africans Intensified in Windhoek 17 12. THE CHURCHES AND SOUTHERN AFRICA 17 World Council of Churches Allocates $200,000 to Groups Fighting Racism 17 Vorster's Reaction 18 World Alliance of Reformed Churches (Presbyterian and Congregational) Disrupted Over Apartheid 18 GULF OIL AND THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST 19 ------I------EDITORIAL In the Transvaal Supreme Court, earlier this month, the judge, Mr. Viljoen, acquitted nineteen of the twenty accused be fore him. These nineteen had appeared before the court previously, aftera long imprisonment. The charges had been dis missed and they were released to be immediately rearrested ind held under the Terrorism Act. This time in court the defense pleaded that the charges were substantially the same as the previous charges and as it was unjust to be tried twice on the same dharge, the defendants should be released. The judge accepted the plea Benjamin Ramotse was the twentieth accused. On his behalf the defense argued that he had been kidnapped by the Rho dsian police, then handed over to the South Africans. As international law had been violated, the court had no jurisdiction over him. The judge rejected the argument In an affidevit, Mr. Ramotse says that on June 1st, 1968, he and a friend were travelling by car from Francistown, Botswana to Livingstone in Zambia. As they sought help after their car stalled, they were captured by Rhodesian soldiers who handcuffed and beat them. In a Rhodesian gaol he was stripped, beaten, given elctric shocks and chained to the floor. SouthAfricans took him to Pretoria where he met the infamous interrogator, Major Swanepoel. After Swanepoel had acquired some infor solitary confinement. mation he spent two years in *Although born in Kimberley, South Africa, Ramotse claims he has a Zambian passport in the name of Joseph Mate, No. L/964/68, file 20. Last week the Zambian High Commission in London was not making any effort on his behalf. The Botswana High Commission was still trying to establish if he had been captured in Botswana 27 months before. The British who are le gally responsible for Rhodesia plead that as they have no power to regulate the activities of the Rhodesian Security forces, they can do nothing. As Ramot se faces a death penalty, the relevant governments wash their hands. Nobody seems to care.

FEATURE ARTICLE is Chairman of the Board. And staff members Herman Kahn and Max Singer complete the list. How could the Defense Department refuse money to such a distinguished non-profit THE HUDSON INSTITUTE AND ITS "FLYING THINK group? TANK" - - AN AFRICAN ADVENTURE The horizons of the Hudson Institute, however, extend be .yond technical studies of civil defense and nuclear strategy. 4 Angola, August 27-September 5, 1969: A study team In 1968 and 1969 they produced two widely distributed assembled by the Hudson Institute made a flying visit to anthologies: Can We Win in Vietnam? and Why ABM?. Kahn Angola, crico-crossing the country by light twin-engine has been a leader of the futurologists engaged in speculation aircraft. They were doing an intensive survey of Angolan about The Year 2000 (title of a book edited by Kahn). Even development prospects, at the request of the Companhia poverty and development are now included among the Insti Uniao Fabril, and were to present their conclusions at a tute's research topic conference in Estoril, Portugal in October. The conclusions The most famous "development" project of the Hudson reached, as reported in Hudson Institute report HI-1278 Institute is the proposal for the creation of a Great Lakes RR/, are a bizarre mixture of political reaction, tachno system in Latin America, flooding a substantial part of the cratic zeal, and ignorance. Amazon Valley. In Brazil the proje ct has become a cause Anyone familiar with the background of the Hudson In celebre, with the debate reacting strongly against this brair stitute is unlikely to be surprised at that. Hudson is the child of North American technocratic thinking. Roberto brainchild of Herman Kahn, who in 1961 left the Rand Cor Campos, the Hudson Institute's contact in the Brazilian gov poration to establish his own "think tank." Kahn's reputa ernment, former Ambassador to Washington, and Minister tion is built on his analyses of thermonuclear warfare, its of Economic Planning for some time, is jokingly known in strategy and possible results. A high proportion of Hud Brazil as "Bob Fields" (the English translation of his name)' son's work has been on grants from the Office of Civil for his attachment to North American ways. The project, Defense, doing such studies as "Emergency Mobilization as yet unacceptable to Brazil, is seen by Hudson's staff in for Post-Attack Reorganization." In an audit of this terms of its schema of three types of development areas in work, the Office of CivilDefense judged most of it value Latin America: (a) urban and (b) rural, in which projects less, a rehash, and superficial. It was discovered, moreover, are difficult to implement because of political opposition that virtually no financial records had been kept (see H. L among the people, and (c) largely uninhabited, where large * Nieburg, "The Profit and Loss of Herman Kahn," pp. 629 projects can be carried out with little opposition. The idea 632, Nation, May 13, 1968); but never mind that. The that projects in (c) areas will eventually have major impact Hudson Board of Trustees is composed of respectable, In is other areas as well. fluential men; Hudson's expertise is therefore well-certi on the Although a grant from the Sprague Electric Company had pre fled. Of the twelve trustees, nine are members of the in a study of the economic viability of Botswana, fluential Council on Foreign Relations, Included are pro viously financed Africa was sponsored by the fessors from Harvard (Roger Fisher), Columbia (David Tru Hudson's first major venture in Portuguese company "Companhia Uniao Fabril" (CUF). CUF is man), and MIT (Max Millikan); businessmen such as Robert only one listed by Fortune maga . Sprague (Sprague Electric Co.), Harvey Picker (Picker Portugal's largest company, the non-U.S. companies. It occupies a pro X-Ray Corp.), and Donald P. Ling (Military Reseaich Divi zine among the 200 largest in the economy of Portual and its colonies; in sion, Bell Telephone). Burke Marshall (formerly with Dean minent position the CUF-controlled Banco Totta-Alianca Acheson's law firm, then with the Justice Department, now Angola and Mozambique with Standard Bank of South Africa in joint operations; with IBM) is on the Board, as is Oscar S. Ruebhausen, of the has joined substantial share of Standard Bank. Rockefeller-tied law firm Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons and Chase Manhattan Bank owns a The team that Hudson sent included four staff from the Insti Gates. John R. Menke of the United Nuclear COrporation tute itself, headed by Robert Panero (Director of Economic Dev- elopment Studies). He had previously worked on the Great Lake s by unskilled native labor." As a spplcific suggestion, the te floating proci project, and on the Choo project in Colombia. Nine consultants mentions "a large scale fishing industry with could "sail as also went along, including James McCampbell (Bechtel Corpora plants and facilities which in case of trouble tion), William McGuignan (formerly of the Stanford Research The final alternative, most favored by Hudson, assumes th Institute), and Edmund Stillman, professor at Johns Hopkins and tuguese will maintain control with no trouble, and that "p a writer on foreign affairs. There were four Portuguese partici ture withdrawal is irresponsible as it is a way of turning pe involves mE pants, including Jose Luis Tecedeiro, General Manager of Banco over to control by small cliques." This option Totta-Standard. development projects, like damming the Congo River (a pi The team reported that they were "unable to find a war." they say, that "could be the first real 'bridge' between a b possibilit They also noted that the Angolan black has "a lack of any real African state and a European province"). Other ranching. All would invot animosity toward the white," and that there was no "sense of large-scale-oil refining, or cattle frustration and hate." One of the team, a Cuban refugee, ob substantial inputs of external capital. served that "in the hotel in Lobito the rooms were quite plea The team also had some suggestions for social developme sent. All the help was black and terribly polite." He went on to of the most intriguing dealt with the problem of breaking say that "none of the black faces gave me any feeling of insecurity rural isolation. They suggest that "exposure can show ma or hostility or doubt and I wars not afraid." rently isolated children just what Angola is. For example, Although his team hadn't noticed the war, Herman Kahn, at the bringing a plane into a rural zone, a number of children cc conference in Estoril following the tour, had a suggestion for using taken to Luanda for a day. This exposure would have int computers to help deal with "insurgency": results. We would guess these people are naturally proud selves and where they live. If exposed to Angola, they vi less liable to subversion "This proposal has been turned down by the United States because be proud of it and, as such, much it looks too authoritarian ... It could be done in Portugal, and a distortions." paternalistic government might well want to keep Interested In One riay question how much Hudson's fantastic ideas every single Individual. This can be put in for health purposes, for education purposes, for advancement purposes,... it is a tremendous really contribute to Portugal's counter-insurgency and de% research tooL ... It Is a tool which can be abused. But again, ment programs. But what cannot be questioned is that t thinking of Angolan insurgency, It probably Is the best police reinforce the American commitment to continuing Portul Instrument known todmanklnd, which Is both Its plus and Its mnus. The plus Is that it means one can keep down violence without control in Angola. The Hudson Institute, and Herman K, being nasty and hard. The minus Is that If one wants to sit rather respected by the policy-making and intellectual communi then change (as in the book 1984) It gives one a chance for that." Apart from the trustees, many other members of the Inst are in important positions dealing with American policy But assuming that problem could be dealt with, the Hudson Kissinger and Daniel Moynihan, to mention two of the m team laid out three scenarios for Portugal's development of minent. Some other members one might expect to repud Angola: business asusual, "cut and run" development, or "go such a tie to Portugal: Ralph Ellison, the black novelist; for broke" rapid large-scale development Business as usual Harris, of Howard University; Amitai Etzioni, a "liberal" means simply staying with present development plans. The second logist. None have spoken out publicly against this projec alternative means to "concentrate on industries which by their port for Portugal, it seems, is respectable and acceptable nature can be removed in case of trouble or cannot be operated servative and liberal alike.

LIBERATION MOVEMENTS A.N.C. UNDERGROUND CARRIES ON BOMB LEAFLETS EXPLODE AGAIN

More than a dozen times on August 13 and 14, 1970 firecracker bombs which dispersed ANC pamphlets in African languages and Eng lish exploded in four major South African ci ties. As was the case in similar explosions on November 14, 1969, the leaflets were placed in crowded urban sections of Johannesburg, Durban, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. (inNovember, the bombing occurred in East London also). Security Police Chief Venter branded the action as "nothing more than an attempt by the A.N.C. to get cheap publici ty," while Ministers of Police and Justice warned the public, particulariy the newspapers which had carried stories about the leaflet ex plosions and even reprinted some of the ANC leaflets, that there would be a thorough inves tigation and that the legal implications for the media would be carefully checked. The Minis ter of Justice also warned that printing the ANC propaganda might come under the Sup pression of Communism and Unlawful Orga nization Acts. It is interesting to note that under it. The Guardian states, "There-5 are two Africaans papers, Die Transvaaier and spokesman for the South West African Peo Die Burger. printed part of the ANC leaf let& ple's Organization (SWAPO) said June 27. few incitements to terrorism more power Minister of Police Mulle r also assured the South African authorities were also offer ful than the Terrorism Act ielf... It is public that the bombings did not coincide ing rewards for information leading to the cap little wonder that many people reach the with other "acts of subversion," and that ture of some guerrilla leaders, he added. He conclusion that constitutional change is im this time the Police had clues as to the perpe instanced an advertisement in the June 8 edi possible." (Aug. 4, 1970) trators of the "crime." tion of the Windhoek Adviser, which offered The far-reaching power of this act came The leaflet read at the top: "THE ANC -L 600 reward for the capture of Patrick up at the trial. The Terrorism Act pre SAYS TO VORSTER AND HIS GANG.... lyambo, described as a key man in the guer cludes application for bail. Mr. Bizos, De *Your days are coming to an end... we will rilla war. fense attorney, applied for a postponement take bac k our country." The difference in the The spokesman said posters and bills were until Aug. 24. He argued that he was aware receptivity to the leaflets can be illustrated by appearing all over the country offering simi that the judge's traditional powers had two press quotes: Security Police Chief Venter lar awards for information. been taken away by the Terrorism Act, but said, When the so-called bombs exploded and he intended to put certain circumstances LLA scattered the pamphlets, people who passed by GUER RI before the court. He pointed out that a largely ignored them..." (Guardian, London, ' He added that recently South Africa husband and wife who have 4 children Aug. 15, 1970). Mr. Samuel Nkosi, a night seemed to have dropped the pretense that no were among the accused. The judge, Mr. watchmen near the Faraday Station in Johannes thing was happening. The authorities admitted Justice Viljoen, said that the Attorney burg said, "A lot of people picked them up and that six men were lost in guerrilla operations in 'General could be approached if there was took them home." (Rand Daily Mail, Aug. 14, South West Africa during January and Februar any hardship. He said that he might be 1970) Who are we to believe? this year. sympathetic, but the matter was out of his (Sources: Johannesburg Star. 8/14/70; Sunday The spokesman also claimed that White hands. However, the postponement was Express, 8/14/70, *tC) settlers in the north of the country were be granted. (Star, Aug. 8, 1970) coming anxious, and said that General J. P. A 59-page indictment was filed against Gous had recently stated publicly that South the accused. They were charged with being African manpower was becoming strained be members of the banned African Nationa I AND BOMBINGS IN THE U.S.A. cause of operations in South West Africa. Congress, and/or the Soth African Comm unisi "The silent war is becoming mote noisy," Party. They are charged with conspiring to At the Portuguese Embassy and the Rho said the spokesman. overthrow the government, undergoing desian Information Office in Washington, (Daily Nation, June 27, 1970) training in guerrilla warfiare, distributing D.C. there were explosions late in the evening pamphlets designed to incite a violent up * of August 29. Following the occurrence, AP rising, and committing or encouraging per was directed by telephone to a mailbox where sons to commit acts of sabotage. They were the following message was found: 'also accused of encouraging others to mur der persons who testified against the ANC or 'We are an African people and we are at the Communist Party or whos upplied in war with all nationalistic institutions, formation to the police. The prosecution organizations and governments, etc. that said the background to charges was that condct and lend support to exploitation some of the defendents conspired in 1961 to and oppression of African people around "prepare to commit acts of violence to bring the world. Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe about the overthrow of the state." According shall and will be freed. The Revolutionary to the indictment, this plan was put into ef Action Party." fect in that year and "is still in force." (New York Times, Aug. 4, 1970). An understatement by Kenneth Towsey of the Since writing, 19 of the 20 were again ac Pro-Smith Rhodesian office was: quitted. The 20th, Benjamin Remotse, is to be charged separately. See Editorial. "One could only suppose from the fact The Minister of Police, Mr. Muller, said that our office and the Portuguese Em in the House of Assembly that he was not bassy received attention at approximately prepared to give particulars on the number the se,time that there was some kind of of people held in terms of the Terrorism Act political motivation from people with "because such information would be of va ideological positions in regard to lue to those organizations and persons who Southern Africa." strive to promote the infiltration of terrorists." (Star, 8/15/70) The story went unreported in the New York area press. (Washington Post, 9/2/70) THE TRIAL OF THE 22 (See July-AugustSANB for background) THE BANNED, THE LISTED, AND THE BANISHED The 22 are now twenty and they ap SOUTH AFRICA SENDING REINFORCE. peared in court on AUgust 4 under the Ter The number of banned people in South MENTS INTO NAMIBIA rorism Act. The definition of Terrorism is Africa has decreased from 354 in June, 1969 to so wide under this act that, the London 271 at present A significant number of ban South Africa is sending army and police re Guardian stated, without any great stretch ning orders expired and have not been renewed inforcements to northern South West Africa of the imagination the South African Prime causing the decline, but an additional 99 per to combat increased querrilla activity there, a Minister, Mr. Vorster, could be charged sons have been banned in the past year alone. There are 974 people subject to some form of punishment without trial in terms of the security legislation, apart from those detained under the 180-day law and the Terrorism Act These 974 are banned, listed or banished. The worse sufferers, according to the Rand Daily Mail, are the 35 Africans banished to "4OrLh remote parts of the country. Last year it was revealed that two had been under banishment' for 18years and one for 15 yearsm (8/3/70)

HIGHEST DAILY PRISON POPULATION

South Africa's daily prison population is the highest pro-rata in the western world England for example has a total population of more than 50 million people and an aerage prison population of 25,000. South Africa hae a population of less than 20 million and a dail prison population of 88,000. There has been an increase of 62,000 over the past ten years. The high figures result from the fact that sc many Africans are jailed because of the pass laws. A huge nubmer of Africans serve senten ces of less than one month (nearly 250,000 in one year alone) and many serve up to four months (nearly 150,000). (Star, 8/8/70) The reality of these figures was made more clear by the national chairman of the Black Sash, Mrs. Roerta Johnson. She pointed out South Africa in Lourenco Marques. Caetano of the Portuguese National Assembly u that 4,700 breast-fed children had entered was then Minister of Colonies. Portugal was over "guerrillainfested" territory in "P prison with their mothers, and that 187 bablei always ready to cooperate for common inte guese" Guinea. The announcement sta were bor in jail in the year 1968-69. She em. rests, the intelsts of Africa, of civilization that the helicopter was caught in a trop phasized that if it were whites and not blacks and of world peace, Ceetano continued. The gale between the town of Teixeira Pint involved there would be a national outrage, most recent example of such a spirit of co Bissau, the capital of Guinea. but since it was a matter that concerned Af operation is Cabora Baes. Vorster, in reply, ricans, the whites ignored the situation. spoke of the common problem of "terrorism DEATHS OF SALAZAR, GALVAO An aggravating factor was that if an Af and subversion in Angola and Mozambique, rican was jailed for longer than 3 weeks his inspired by communists," and of the threat June and July saw the death of two reference book was often lost by neligent pri of the Russian Navy in the Atlantic and In minent Portuguese, Antonio de Olivein son staff. When released he had to spend an dian Oceans. He spoke of the useful coopera Salazar, dictator for forty years, incapa enormous amount of energy and effort to tion initiated in the projects of Cabora Bass toted since 1968, and Henrique Galvao, get the document replaced. Africans jailed and Cunene. drew world attention to conditions in F for 6 months or longer lost their residential In a press conference the following day gal and its colonies by his quixotic capi rights in the area where they had formerly Vorster denied allegations that there were a Portuguese luxury liner in 1961. Gab been living. "They just have to pack their any problems in the construction of Cabora had since his exploit been in exile in Br bags and get out," Mrs. Johnson said. Bass due to the withdrawal of Swedish and He was opposed to Salazarist colonial p (Star, 8/15/70) other foreign firms. ASEA, of Sweden, and cies, but refused to support the African English Electric, decided not to participate ration movements. in the consortium. The position of Italy's Salazar's death marked no political THE PORTUGUESE Societe Anonima Elettrificazione (SAE), and change, as he had actually been replacei its South African subsidiary Powerlines, is Cetano two years ago; but it did prom TERRITORiES not completely dear, It appears that export newed speculation about possible "libel credits have been withdrawn, but that Power zation" in Portugal. The Washington PA "VORSTER RECEIVED IN VISIT lines remains in the consortium. Italy's trade headlined its article "Salazaer's Death Fr TO LISBON union organization CGI L has requested the Caetano." TheCapital Times (Madison Italian government to order SAE's withdrawal WiL) editorialized that "With Walazar's According to Noticias de Portugal from the consortium. passing it may be anticipated that Prem (June 13, 1970), the visit of the South Af Ceetano's government will begin to mal rican Prime Minister'to Lisbon was useful PORTUGUESE DEPUTIES strides toward alleviating the condition in strengthening the friendly ties between LOST IN GUINEA his people at home and their colonies al Portugal and South Africa. In his speech of Most accounts portrayed Salazar as ani welcome, Prime Minister Caetano recalled According to a dispatch from Lisbon dated chronism, but they also recalled Dean A the occasion, twenty-five years previously, July 26, a Portuguese Air Force helicopter son's portrayal of him as "the nearest a when he had received Marshall Smuts of carrying six persons, including four deputies in our time to Plato's phildsopher-king. in 7 Salazar was buried near his birthplace, with strategy, designed to take over areas con President. Military operations continue special representatives of Portugal's close al trolled by FRELIMO guerrillas. In a marked Cabo Delgado, Niassa, and Tete, while the lies in attendance. Countries represented in change of information policy, the military expansion of services such as education have cluded Brazil, South Africa, France, Great action is being played up in the Portuguese expanded substantially (see "Nation Building Britain, Germany, Spain, and the United press in Mozambique. General de Arriaga in Mozambique," Sechaba, August, 1970). States (represented by Secretary of Commerce claims that during June and July 25 guerril In Guine a, Portugal has succeeded in per Maurice Stans). la bases were destroyed and 40 tons of war suading Senegal to place limits on PAIGC Meanwhile, scattered evidence of discontent materiel captured. A New York Times ar operations, but armed struggle continues 4 among students, liberal Churchmen, and other ticle (July 26, 1970) focusing on. the new of within Guinea unabated. A Portuguese com opposition elements surfaced. In June the fensive reports the General's optimism, but munique of July, 16 admitted several attacks Rev. Abilio Tavares Cardoso was arrested for goes on to observe that "the new Portuguese in the previous week by PAIGC forces. In circulating documents criticizing the policies offensive can change the nature of the war one of the attacks, the guerrillas killed 15 of the government in Africa. Caetano, in a in Mozambique but is not likely to have a de and wounded 41. In Angola, Portuguese claims emphasized speech at the military camp of Santa Marga cisive influence on the course of events, in rida, warned the nation "to be alert and vigi the view of independent military observers. "wowing demoralization" among the guer lant against subversion in metropolitan Por These sources believe that the Portuguese rillas. Portuguese use of defoliants and herbi tugal, which could compromise security over have misjudged the strength of F RELIMO, cides, reported in a recent MPLA communi seas." Respectable opposition 4eader Mario overestimated the repercussions of the mur que, destroyed cassava and sweet potato Soares, who while outside of Portugal had cri der of its leader, Eduardo Mondlane, in crops in guerrilla-controlled areas. But Basil ticized the colonial policies and called for ne February, 1969, and underestimated the Davidson, just back from a trip in eastern gotiations with African nationalists, was given force of his successor, Samora Machel." In Angola with MPLA, reports (in the Sunday eight hours to leave the country, when he re a "psychological" operation, Portuguese air Times, Aug. 16, 1970) advance rather than turned for his father's funeral. Even the New craft dropped a million pamphlets in north demoralization. Travelling in Moxico.dis York Times, which has consistently pushed erm Mozambique. But they suffered a psycho trict, he found the guerrillas cheerful, with Caetano's liberal image, was moved to pro logical shock themselves when the Pope met good discipline and fighting morale. One test, c ommenting that "it is dismaying that in June with leaders from the liberation hundred fifty miles inside Angola, they he has retrogressed from that hopeful start to movements. ,"oticlas, of Lourenco reached Muie, a small Portuguese outpost in the point where he cannot tolerate inside Por Marques, reported "a wave of amazement southern Moxico. Davidson reports that tugal the honest dissent of men like Mario and pain across Portuguese territory after the guerrilla control in the east is substantial, Soares." lamentable attitude of the Vatican." Cae and that the push west is continuing. David tano has since had a reconciliation with the son met supply columns on their six to Vatican, but the impact of the meeting is eight weeks march from the Zambian ARMED STRUGGLE CONTINUES still significant. border to Bie, near the center of Angola, and others on their way back. The expec Portugal has recently claimed new suc The F RE LIMO Central Committee tation, is still for a long war, but, Agostinho cesses in its attempt to rid its African colo meeting of May 9-14, 1970, consolidated the Neto told Davidson, "we are defeating the nies In Mozambique the struggle, electing Samora Machel as Presi of "subversion." Portuguese. And the Portuguese know it." new military commander General Kaulza de dent (Acting until the full FRELIMO Con Arriaga, has been pushing a new forward gress), and Marcelino dos Santos as Vice- . , , - i II

ATTACKED FOR TELLING THE TRUTH QUOTE OF THE DAY:

The Minister of Water Affairs, Mr. Botha, attacked the From an advertisement in DieAfrildiw of July 24, ex leader of the opposition, Sir deVilliers, for introducing tolling the virtues of a spot called Banana Beech: "A "a new element into the argument (on economic devel lovely holiday of fishing, swimming and pleasant talk. opment) that is unfair and dnaprous." Botha said for (No servants and dogs are allowed.)" the first time, s far as he knew, the United Party had argued that only 13% of the country's land was being given to 4/5 of the population. "He knews the only people it ca help are the agitators against this coun try," Mr. Botha said. U011wwietb!xg St, 7/25/70)

CANADIAN POLICY/SOUTHERN AFRICA

For those interested in Canadian policy toward Southern Africa, an excellent booklet has been prepared by a new Canadian group called the Committee fora Just Canadian Policy Towards Africa, 571 Jarvis St., Torongo 5, Ontario. The booklet is entitled "The Black Paper-An Alternative Policy for Canada Towards Southemn Africa." It is, available at 70d a copy or 50d for bulk rates. It is both a lengthy and incisive critique of the present Canadian position. They made sordid jokes about my personal I understood enough AFrikaans to rea HOW VORSTER'S JAI LE RS life and Jewish nose and frightening lise, as Swanepoel discussed me with his threats about how much they would enjoy partner, that they were trying to "break" "working me over." Although they man me: and although they did "break" me, "BROKE" ME handled me-pulled my hair, my beard, it did not leave a mark on my body. Swa threw me against the wall-they were try nepoel used his temper like a sledge-hamrr ing to intimidate rather than hurt me. until midnight, but when the next pair John Shlapobersky, a 21;year-old stu One of them produced a brick, held came on duty, they talked to me in a re dent from Swaziland, was one of seve it over my feet, then put it on the ground laxed, human manner. I responded to ral hundred people arrested between softly beside me and tole me to stand on them. They gave me cigarettes: on their May and July 1969. He was never it. I wanted to laugh, but he was quite later shifts they allowed me to sit down: brought to trial. Shlapobersky is now serious, so I stood on it. I would remain and on one occasion even took me to havf studying at Sussex University, and there until I talked, they said, for the a shower. This "conspiracy of kindness" has married the girl friend mentioned whole weekend if necessary. "Wild was designed to soften me up and make in the story. He describes here what threats," I thought, "no one can stand me more vulnerable to Swanepoel's tac happened to him in a South African continuously through a weekend." And tics, to win my confidence so that they jail. I was very relieved-standing on a brick could assess my personality, plan their did not hurt, if this was all they were go next moves on the basis of this, and to ing to do to me. Most of the police left, make me steadily more dependent on On the morning of Friday 13 June last and I remained on that brick for two or their charity, as Swanepoel became more year I was attending a lecture at Witwaters three hours in an agony of suspense, for aggressive. rand University, Johannesburg. An admi I still did not know why I had been ar I became more despondent and anguishe nistrative officer called me out of the lec rested or what I was supposed to "talk through the night My knees and ankles ture, claiming that someone was waiting to about." throbbed painfully, the shape of the brick see me urgently. He knew it was the po Swanepoel and another policemanre was imprinted on the soles of my feet, thf lice, but even after my arrest he told nobody turned about 8 p.m. and then began a yellow glare of the room was unbearable. what had happened. The police took me to systematic interrogation that lasted until The two detectives talked constantly, my house , searched it thoroughly, and the following Monday night. Although I invited my opinion on various matters. Then, from then took me to Pretoria. They assured me was not kept on the brick constantly, and somewhere, light began to that my family would be notified, but made was even allowed to sit down at times, filter into the interrogation chamber. no attempt to do so. Late that night when they would not permit me to sleep. Swa Morning was breaking. I was enthralled my girl-friend could not locate me, she con nepoel.and his partner would question me that even in the bowels of this appalling tacted my mother, who was on a visit to from 8 p.m. to midnight; another pair building, end at the mercy of men like Johannesburg from Swaziland, where we would replace them and question me these, the sun still came upl My spirits live. They searched Johannesburg fruitless from 4 to 8 a.m. and a third pair from rose-I wondered how many other de ly through the night-and even inquired at 12 to 4 p.m. Swanepoel and his partner tainees had felt a similar awakening of the mortuary. Only in the early hours of then returned and the whole 12-hour pro hope with the dawn and wondered if any the morning, when the police were sure my cess was repeated. On the Mondayd ight of my friends had been interrogated that disappearance would be publicised, did they I was given six hours' sleep, then awoken, night and were seeing the light now. concede that I had been arrested under the and the systematic interrogation conti Swanepoel came in for his 8 a.m. shift Terrorist Act. (Many of the Africans si nued until midday on Wednesday, when But he had softened: he was amenable. milarly arrested just disappeared, and to I was taken to Pretoria Local Prison and He allowed me to sit and he gave me a this day their relatives don't know whether put into solitary confinement cigarette. I was sure they had discovered they are in detention or not.) On that first night, confronted with their mistake-I was to be releasedl I did I was taken to the notorious Compol Swanepoel's grotesque, enraged face, I not know that after the arrest my mothe building, headquarters of the security po became a little hysterical. My confusd had woken the British Ambassador at lice in Pretoria: I was led through long and incoherent answers to his questions, 3 a.m. to notify him. He was very helpful passages frm room to room, each one elicited a paroxysm of rage and abuse he phoned the police immediately to warn smaller than the next. As each door close d threats against me, my parents, my girl them that I carried a British passport, had behind me, my panic grew. I felt that I friend. They decided I was being un only recently recovere d from infectious would never emerge again. My worst fears cooperative and withholding information hepatitis, and was not to be assaulted. I were confirmed as I walked into a tiny -whenever I asked what I was supposed had told the police all this, but they only back room in which Major Swanepoel was to talk about, the reply was: "You took it seriously when it came from the waiting. bloody well know, you Communist Embassy. Iwas take n to see a district He is incredibly ugly, a short stocky man Jew." I did not know-and still don't surgeon who gave me an extremely v4th a bull-neck and a bloated, florid face. know. thorough examinetion, and asked me if-I He has tiny inflamed eyes, and heavy cal Although born in South Africa, I had had had any relapse of the jaundice. I loused hands that fidget all the time. The grown up in Swaziland, a British protecto said no, but tried to tell him how ill I detectives'who arrested me spoke to him rate. I was active in student protests, felt after a night on a brick. He was not deferentially in Afrikaans. He turned and outspoken in my opposition to apartheid, interested, told me it was none of his threw a barrage of questions at me, also in and tried to maintain relationships with business, and turning to Swanepoel said': Afrikaans. When I told him I did not people classified as "non-white.' I assume "There is nothing wrong with him-ride understand Afrikaans, he cursedme in that these relationship§ were the cause of himl" English and ushered me into an even smal my arrest-though the police never bother I spent the rest of Saturday on the lerroom. A crowd of other detectives fol ed to tell me what I was supposed to have brick. Swanepoel resumed his terrorisa lowed and for about half an hour I stood done wrong. Several of the Africans I knew tion, and the bizarre psychological manipu facing them, with my back tothe wall as were already in prison, and a number were lation continued. Late that night during they shouted, threatened and taunted me. subsequently detained. the shift of a "soft" pair, I was sitting dow made false allegations about my relation smoking a cigarette, which made me dizzy By Monday evening my orientation in time and place was completely destroyed. ships with various people, and mutely I and worsened my confusion. One of them I did not know whiph stage of my life I agreed to them. I remembered vaguely insinuated that I could not trust my girl where I was. It was then that the thoughts I had had before falling friend and that she might be a police spy. was living-or "soft-liners" whose "charity" put me asleep. I began to realise that he was When I laughed in his face he hinted that I the of complete psycholgoical depen fabricating evidence and getting me to would do well to think of joining them one in a state dence on them, suddenly withdrew their corroborate it, simply to justify my day. I became enraged as uncontrollably and ended their "conspiracy detention. For they had realised my ar Aps I had become amused, and told him I was concessions They became abusive and rest was mistaken, that I knew nothing Wmore like ly to become a hangman than a of kindness." this confused me, so that by about the illegal activities they claimed to spy. At this he grew sinister, and wamed threatening; returned at 8 p.m. be looking for. I pulled myself together that I might have to do this to keep my the time Swanepoel with his normal torrent of abuse, I could and refused to go along with it. They girlfriend or parents out of prison. I re only mutter nonsense in a high pitcheo spent another one and a half days try plied in abusive language, so he put me back what he called "broken." ing to extort false evidence-though I was on the brick and refused to allow me to voice. I was He switched roles with the "soft-liners" allowed to sit, they kept me awake. visit the toilet for the rest of his shift. assumed a paternal and sympathetic Then I was placed in solitary confine When the next pair came on at 4 a.m., we and manner, made a joke of my swollen ment in Pretoria Local Prison, where I talked quie tly about unrelate d topics, but 20 handspand feet, which were unrecogni fell asleep immediately and woke up I kept dozing off on the chair. They jostled pacing the zable and looke d as if they had each hours later. I spent days me or shouted whenever this happened. agonies of remorse been stung by bees. He gave me some length of my cell in Swanepoel returned at 8 a.m. and put me on over the fact that I had divulged any in yellow tablets which he said would re my feet (though not on the brick) and when formation at all, and wondering how many duce the swelling and allowed me to have he left at noon a young detective set quietly years I would be sentenced to. I was so a shower and put on clean clothes which in front of me throughout the afternoon to brainwashed that I was convinced that the my family had sent. see that I remaind standing. I can recall books on political philosophy, and espe I was then allowed to sleep for six very little of what took place ,until the cially Marxism, which had been found at As I got onto the camp bed I felt, Monday evening, except a few isolated hours. my home,-and my membership in org-a uneasy-Swanepoel was easier to cope incidents. Durin Swanepoel's evening nizations like the Human Rights Society with when he was brutal, for one knew shift on Sunday, he remarked to his part at the university, would earn me years where one stood with him. I felt a little ner, "He is not yet broken-tomorrow of imprisonment. as I wondered whether Afri morning or perhaps tomorrow evening we guilty too, Often my own screams woke me in cans were allowed to shower and sleep will find out everything." the night; then I woudl lie on the floor I was awoken after During the course of that night I was under interrogation. disorientated than I had wrapped in my blankets, listening to given to understand that the interrogation six hours, more identity so destroyed someone shovelling coal somewhere in would end on Monday morning, and I ever been, my own completely vulnerable. Swane the prison. Durin the day it felt as if would be taken to prison. I could not re that I was poel exploited this: in a quiet voice he the tension were stretching me across main awake for more than a few minutes at a time, and even when shouted at I would start, jump up and then doze off again. When Swanepoel came in on Mon day morning he was more enraged than ever. He claimed he had discovered a whole new set of facts which proved that I had been involved in illegal activities, working himself up into an unbelievable rage as I stood mutely in front of him. Un less by that evening I had "talked," my girl friend would be arrested. They ham mered this point home throughout the day -but I coudi not take in what they were saying. I dozed off on my feet and walked

- straight into the wall, waking up when my f ace banged against it. There were roars of laughter from somewhere, but I could not quite focus my eyes to see who was laughing. It happened again and again: when I did realize what was happening, I saw that a whole mob of police had crowd ed into the room to watch me walk into walls. I smiled meekly, so pleased that they were happy and not angry. And then I was somewhere else and grotesque images unfolded in front of me-I was in the science laboratory bac k at high school, the bell was ringing-it was time to go home. 'It's enough now," I said. "I'm going home" -roars of laughter from somewhere. "The experiment's gone far enough. I'm going home." my cell, and like a taut drumskin I would family, could not relate to them or finish to return to Swaziland or come Ix soon split. I became preoccupied, mor my sentences. The police became worried Their insistence on Israel remains bid, obsessed with the idea of dath. I about my mental state and allowed my family to me; possibly they thought I ha had a pen which was not taken when I to send me books. (We have wealthy and successfully "re-educated," wouk was searched, and wrote on two squares influential relatives in Johannesburg-my brother who lives in ISrael,take ur of lavatory paper wach day, as a diary. father's brother had been mayor of the there and forget about South Afri These are the kind of entries: city, and the fact that we have the same I betrayed my own principles i "This place isso horrifying that the name influenced the treatment I received.) along with this-by accepting apai sensitive parts of one's self close up to My parents, and particularly my mother, its special treatment for whites, e shut it out, like certain flowers do at conducted an heroic battle, with the support those with prominent names and night. If one remained here for long of the British Embassy, to get me released. passports. But I rationalised this enough, these parts would never be My mother pestered the police continually, thought that if I could get out ani able to open. again." and this definitely made a difference to the cise the details of my inte rrogatii "The morning is false-the dawn is number of visits I received, and to the length would help those re maining in pi a false dawn and in the building the of my detention. being released I evaded publicity' bustle of the day's awakening is pre In the sixth week I was again taken out months in the fear that it could c, paring to prevent another day of life. of my cell. A major collated the notes made people at home. I feel guilty at h The purpose of solitary confinement is to during my interrogation into a statement silent for so long. curtail the range and extent of one's ex which I had to sign. Swanepoel, I am sure, The security police cannot be, perience. Itseffects are in the disintegra was the victim of a pathological rage, and as mere brutes or monsters. The i tion of one's conceptual framework and though cunning, he was "honest" or at major allowed my girl friend to a( the inability to think or comprehe nd." least direct, in his twisted way. But the me in the car on the drive to the "There are birds singing in the trees other major was emotionless, quietly hostile so that we could spend that time outside. Their songs penetrate even the and sadistic, in a calculating way. He seemed Swanepoel phoned her after my ii heavy locks and unmitigated gloom of to be brilliant, and enjoyed trapping me into tion togive her a message from m captivity." admissions which would incriminate me in used to tell my parents during thE Exactly two weeks after my detention, legal terms I did not know or understand. that he, too, was a family man an I was taken to Compol, where I was al I later realisqd that my released had already appreciate their concern. At the I lowed a visit from my parents. It was a been decided and that this was a mere for Swanepoel and I shook hands-I great relief to see them. A week later I mality. him for making it less than it coul was allowed extra clothing from my par On the day I signed the statement, as been. But I am no more grateful my arre ents, and even a pipe and tobacco. A month I sat in Swanepoel's office in Compol, he told my release than I am for after my detention a strange change came me a joke to try to c aIm me. I burst out was responsible for both. He is pi about. I was allowed a number of visits laughing and collapsed on the floor in good family man, by which he ju! from my parents and girl friend, and hysterics. They had me sign the statement mor',id job, believing it protects I Swanepoel began treating me in a paternal under oath-though I could scarcely hold and all other white families in the This schizophrenia is typical of al concerne d manner. a pen-and then toook me to the district Shortly before the first of these visits, surgeon. Most of the evidence used against South Africa. The real enemy is 1 my lavatory-paper diary had been take n from those charged was given under similar system, which turns men into mo torture and eve my cell while I was out exercisin4 This had conditions of duress, and few courts any requires that they become the most important fact in my where else in the world would'accept such perpetuate it. Non-whites whose activities ha life; I developed alarming stress-symptoms evidence. at its loss and became even more paranoid. .A week later, 53 days after my arrest, far less radical than mine have suf One morning when the cell door was opened Swanepoel and the othe r major put what worse treatment than 1. At at lea out alive. One wonders how man I walked out in my sleep with my toilet they called a "proposition" to me. They bucket, calling for Swanepoel. I wished to offered to put me on a plane overseas in who go on trial tomorrow will be present it to him. I often shivered uncon two days' time-they gave me Israel as the (Reprinted with permission from trollably, and when take n out to see my only option-and would not perm it me either 23, 1970 Observer.)

El Atr;.a'(~mc.,e~,

RICA SEEKS NOOSE

nt notice yesterday informed manufacturers s nooses that the dosing date for submitting ly the rope is Sept. 28. Last year 107 persons in South Africa for crimes. (N. Y. Times) 11

INSIDE The enforced remoyal of Africans from areas designated as "European" continues to c ause untold hardships. Latest vic tims are the Hunyani, who are being ushered off their reserve RHODESIA to "Silobela" (meaning "a place where everything has disap peared and never to be found again is the precious rain"). Their misery is documented in the July 1970 issue of MOTO, the Catholic newspaper which points out that their misery in leaving their homelands is compounded by the fact that Despite all the rosy propaganda of the Rhodesian Government, they have been refused: permission to take all of their live the 1971 budget exposed that the economic sanctions hit regime stock with them, and have therefore had to sell many of their was hurting. None other than the Rhodesian Finance Minister, livestock-at below-marke t prices. Thus, not only are the Mr. Wrathal1, admitted that the tobacco crop was threatening to Hunyani being deprived of their lands and homes, but the become "a severe drag" on what he characterized as an other symbols of their wealth as well. When questioned in Parl ia wise quickly developing economy. (EAS, July 18, 1970) The Jo ment as to whether the Hunyani would be compensated for hannesburg Financial Mail commented that of all the provisions their homes, Mr. Lance Smith said he was not aware that in this year's Budget estinates, the R$16 m. earmarked for the they would receive compensation (Zimbabwe News, Aug. '70). Tobacco Corporation's "estimated trading losses" is the most The Rhodesian Secretary for Internal Affairs, Mr. Nicollb, intriguing and perplexing. It is the greatest amount allocated told the annual meeting of the Nkone Cattle CIb in Oue-Que for any single year, showing a 78% jump on the previous year's on July 8 (in the presence of the Minister of Information and R$9 m. The total extent to which the industry has now been Tourism) that he expected trouble from recalcitrant tribesmen m., subsidized since UDI has now risen to R$49 a rate of R$9.8 and had therefore asked for security forces. He said: "When m. annually. (Africa Rearch Bulletin, 15 June-14 July, 1970). the Government contemplated the move, I warned them that Mr. Wrathall we nt on to warn the House that continued sub we would have to use the security forcs. " ZANU reports sidies to the agricultural sector would not be unlimited. While that its information is that security .forces were used. he admitte d that "unquestionably, the industry is in need of (Zimbabwe News, August, 1970) support now and will continue to remain so for some time, A privately-financed Right-wing group called the American. , Wally undeniable is the fact that there is a limit to the burden Southern Africa Council based in Washinton and claiming be ich can be borne by the other sectors of the economy." tween 16 and 20,000 active supporters, is planning to open its (EAS, July 18, 1970) own American information ofNice in Salisbury to "replace" the The Queen continues to lose face in Rhodesia. The Salis US consulate by the Nixon Administration in conformity with bury City Council removed the portrait of Queen Elizabeth from its international obligations. A State Department spokesman is its chamber, God Save the Queen has now been abandoned at reported to have said in reply to a question that he could not e all official functions including the opening of Parliament and any objection to theproposed information center, which the Rhodesian awards and honors are being debated to replace the Council hopes to establish on one floor of what was once the formerly British tradition. (Evening Star, 7/29/70; Washington US Consulate in Salisbury (EAS 4 May 1970). Afro-American, 7/18/70) In the face of all this defiance of the British Crown, British Government has expressed its intention of re-opening talks with the rebel regime. The resumption of the Rhodesian ques tion was officially noted in the Queen's speech from the throne in which she opened the BritishParliament after the Conserva tive's election victory. She promised the new administration would make one more attempt at solution, but at the same time stressed the five principles which have remained unaccept able to the Rhodesian regime. As there is no reason to ever assume that the rebel regime will ever relent on any of the princip s, Mr. Heath's new attempt can only mean that the British Government is anxious to solve the question at the rarifice of these principles, in order to resume trade rela 'tions. Lord A!port former British H igh Commissioner to the Central African Federation in 1961-1963 and Mr. Wilson's spe cial representative in 1967, warned that it would be wrong for Britain to open negotiations with Salisbury if there were no chance of success, and he went on to say that it was not pos sible to deal with Rhodesia in isolation from the question of supplying arms to South Africa or from the problems of the SOUTH AFRICA EXPELLED FROM Asians in East Africa. (Star, Johannesburg, 8/8/70) COMMONWEALTH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Meanwhile, Smith arrived in Pretoria, ostensibly to watch been expelled the New Zealand rugby match, but it was well known that Both South Africa and Rhodesia have Association for he came as Vorster's guest, and that given Pretoria's tenden from the Commonwealth Medical The decisionwas cy to favor a negotiated solution to the UD I dispute, that the practising apartheid in medicine. in.Singa t .. menm ight have sneaked in a word or two on the settle taken at the Association's recent conference ment issue between quarters. (EAS, July II,1970) pore. (The Times, Aug. 11, 1970) AT THE

pons, military equipment and materials UNITED to Portugal; and -Stop the sale or shipment to Portu gal of equipment and materials to Por NATIONS tugal for the manufacture or maintenance of weapons and ammunition. The Committee, in its resolution, also deplored the policise of governments which had failed to prevent nationals and companies under their jurisdiction from agreeing or preparing to participate in the Cabora Basso dam and hydro-electric PORTUGAL URGED TO APPLY proje ct in Mozambique and the Cunene SECRETARY GENERAL ADDRESSES River basin project in Angola. HEADS OF STATE OF THE O.A.U. PRINCIPLE OF INDEPENDENCE

The Secretary-General, U Thant, re The Special Committee of 24 on deco turned to New York on 3 September after Ionization, in a resolution adopted on 18 visiting Yugoslavia, Ethiopia and Kenya. August, called on Portugal "to apply with A highlight of his one-week trip, which out further delay to the peoples of the SECURITY COUNCIL CONDEMNS began on 27 August, was U Thant's ad Territories under its domination the prin VIOLATIONS OF ARMS EMBARGO dress on I Sept. to the opening meeting of ciples of self-determination and indepen the Assembly of Heeds of State and Gov dence." The SEcurity Council on 23 July ernment of the Organization of African It called on Portugal also to "cease condemned all violations of its arms Unity (OAU.). forthwith" all repressive activities involv embargo against South Africa and Reviewing the situation in southern Af ing the denial of human rights and fund& called upon States to strengthen the mental freedoms, rica, which he described as "one of the to halt military opera embargo by undertaking a number of tions against the peoples of Angola, Mo. measures. gravest challenges to the authority of the zambique and Guinea(Bissau), and to The resolution was adopted by a United Nations," the Secretary-General withdraw all military and other forces. vote of 12 in favor to none against, with said in his speech: Further, the Committee called on Por 3 abstentions (France,.United Kingdom, "Unfortunately, the spirit of resistance tugal to proclaim an unconditional poli United States). to chagge in southern Africa has been ac ticat amnesty, to restore democratic poli In its resolution, adopted after five companied by an attitude of indifference tical rights and to transfer powers to freely meetings on this question, the Council on the part of many Govemments. elected institutions representative of the called on all States to strengthen the arms "Some, possessing major interests in populations in accordance with the Decla embargo by: the countries of southern Africa... and ration on decolonization. -Implementing it fully, uncondition fearing some harm to their investments The reso ution was adopted by a roll ally and without reservations whatsoever; ... short-sightedly pursue their interests call vote of 14 in favor to 2 against -Withholding the supply of all yehicies in apparent ignorance of the basic fact (United Kingdom, United States), with and equipment for use of the armed forces that economic interests could no longer 2 abstentions (Italy, Nonvay). and paramilitary organizations of South be pursued without-regard to any socio Under other provisions of the rbsolu Africa; political or even hutnn rights considera tion, the Committee: -Ceasing supply of spare parts for all tions... Other Governments, with less -Condemned the intervention of South .vehicles and military equipment used by of a vested interest in the countries of African forces against the peonles of the the armed forces and paramilitary orgmni southern Africa, seem to believe that the Territories under Portuguese domination; zations of South AFrica; political effects of their pursuit of short and -Revoking all licenses and military term economic gain are not of any real -urged all States to give the necessary patents granted to the South Aflican * importance, and In any event they are too financial and material assistance to the Government or to South African companies far removed from the scene for any dis peoples of the Territories to continue for the manufacture of arms ard ammuni ruption of the peace to affect them. their struggle, and to take co-ordinated tion, aircraft and naval craft or other mili "If small minorities can pursue their measures in co-operation with the Orga tary vehicles; and by refraining from course with such intransigence... it can nization of African Unity to expand as further granting such licenses and patents only be becausefthey believe they have sistance to the national liberation move -Prohibiting investment in or technical friends in the world and that these friends ment assistance for the manufacture of arms will not let them down." It called on all States, especially Por and ammunition, aircraft, naval craft, or Only "united action on the part of the tugal's allies in the North Atlantic Treaty ither military vehicles; and international community," he stated, Organization (NATO), to: -Ceasing provision of military could dispel these illusions and induce the -Desist forthwith from giving Portu training for members of the South AFcacm minority regimes in southem Africa to gal military assistance; armed forces and all other forms of mili change their course. -Prevent the sale or supply of wee- tay cooperation with South Africa. things has become adopted by a sub- RUBGY PLAYERS OPPOSE stantial number of black campuses in MIXED SPORT SPORT the country." In the last issue of "Southern Africa" NUSAS reacted to the walk-out by recognizing SASO as a legitimate organi. SOUTH AFRICA WITHDRAWS we,reported that several South African zation. In a resolution adopted at its ROM SQUASH CHAMPIONSHIP cricketers had expressed opinions infa vor of multiracial sport in South Africa. July Congress, NUSAS admitted that it is dominated by whites and cannot claim South Africa has withdrawn from the At present, South African rubgy players to represent blacks effectively. The reso 1971 world squash championshipS in New are playing matches with a racially lution adopted read in part: "In so far Zealand following moves to expel South mixed New Zealand touring team. From as this development works towards a just Africa from the International Squash their comments, however, it would ap egalitarian society it constitutes a posi Rackets Association. The resolution of pear that it is a distasteful experience. tive step in the realisation Hannes Marais, a Springbok forward, of the aspira exclusion was dtopped after South Af tions of black students" aid that if South Africa was to practice rica's withdrawal. (Johannesburg Star, NUSAS further resolved to seek maxI July 25, 1970) mixed sport "for the sake Qf eampating overseas, we may as well forget our in rmum contact and cooperation with ternal policies. I just can't agree to mul SASO' (Johannesburg Star, July 25, 1970). tiracial sport" Mannetjis Roux, who has In its first move against SASO, the been playing in the Tests against New government has refused to grant a pass BOYCOTT OF WO R LD Zealand has said; howe ver, he doesn't port to SASO's President, Mr. GLIDING CHAMPIONSHIPS support mixed sport while another Pityana, so that he can take up a scholarship Springbok, Frik du Preez, added that at Durham University. A further example of the interna he took "a dim vie w of what some " tional community's efforts to break all cricketers have said. sporting ties with South Africa was pro If these players are so vehemently vided by India's threat to boycott the against mixed sport, one wonders how CHARGES AGAINST WHITE World Gliding Championships in June they rationalize their participation in DEMONSTRATORS DROPPED # South Africa was allowed to partici games against theamix d New Zealand tte. A member of the Indian team team? (Spotlight on South Africa, The Attomey-General of the Trans said that he expected Japan, Argeftina, June 1970) vail has dropped charges against 30 Brazil and all socialist countries to join white demonstrators after they had a. the boycott. (Rand Daily Mail, 6/9/70 greed to pay $70 damage in admission of guilt fines. The charges arose out of protests in May against AUSTRALIANS DEMAND END TO the year-long detention in solitary SPORT WITH SOUTH AFRICA confinement of 22 Africans under the Terrorism Act. The protests were Mr. B' Cohen, an Australian M.P., in response to a call by the President of has called on Australian sporting authori NUSAS, Neville Curtis, to draw attention to the plight ties to cut all sporting ties with South Af of the de tainees. Protests occurred rica. He said that unless this was done in most ma jor cities but in Johannesburg the Australia faced sporting disaster. Mr. pro Cohen said that the policy of trying to testors defied a government ban and change attitudes in South AFrica by con marched on police headquarters in John tinuing sporting relationships had failed Vorster Square. 357 marchers were dismally (Rand Daily Mail, 5/22/70). arrested but evidently the police chose The Sports Editor of the Herald of only to charge those whom they regarded Melbourne supported Mr. Cohen by cal S TUDEN TS as the leaders of the march. ling onithe Australian Government to ban Among those charged are the Secre dI South African sportsmen from entering BLACKS WALK tary-General of the University Christian '-te country.'Mr. jack Cannon Said that by OUT OF NUSAS Movement, Colin CoJlins, and two other courting the Springboks, Australia was ministers of religion, Colin Davison and "dicing with death in world sport" Black students have walked out of the Patrick Desmond. Father Desmond re National Union of SOuth African "Our cricket, swimming and golif ad Stu cently gave up his British nationality ministrators are naive enough to think dents (NUSAS) and formed their own and adopted South African citizenship that the coloured nations of the world organization, the South African Students so as to avoid deportation following the are not angry about our boycott-breaking. Organization (SASO). publication of his book The Deserted It is about time the Federal Government Declaring that black students had People, a scathing expose of the shocking told these sporting bodies to wake up to "lost faith with white students," SASO's conditions in the government's resettle themselves. Otherwise we could be , President, Mr. Barney Pityana, said ment camps for "surplus" Africans. The branded as South African sympathizers "blacks are'tired of standing on the government has shrouded these camps in and barred from all Commonwealth and sidelines to witness a game they should secrecy for years and the publication of international sporting contests." be playing. They want to do things for this book will have considerably annoyed Canon is one of Australi ts best themselves. We have reached a stage the Nationalists. known sportswriters. "'(R57d Daily now where our existence has become an In addition, several past and present Mail, June 12,1970) accomplished fact and our way of seeing NUSAS officials, including the current were five Vice-President and present Deputy Dir Also among the accused ector of the South African Institute of lecturers at the University of the Wit teache rs, Race Relations, Clie Nettleton, have watersrand, 3 high school University stu been charged. Two other previous vice and 15 Witwatersrand presidents are among the accused-Rob dents. All were charged with offenses sit Greig and David Hemson (now editor under the Riotous Assemblies Act, of Race Relations NewsJ, while Jeanette the Criminal Law Amendment Act and Curtis, sister of the NUSAS President, municipal by-laws. has also been charged. The treatment given to the accuse d

BIG BRITISH FIRM REJECTS SOUTH AFRICAN OFFER

granted. He has given his reasons in a long personal report, which is bound to have repercussions throughout the business world. Here are some extracts from it: "We should have to operate within a social climate where the colour of a man's Mr. Neil Wates, managing director of skin is his most important attribute and Wates Ltd., one of Britain's biggest where there is virtually no communication building firms, has refused to extent his between the races; we should be locked' operations to South Africa because, he into this system. We should hve to ope syd, "the idea of doing business in rate within an economic climate which South Africa is totally unacceptable; is designed deliberately to demoralise we could not be true to the basic prin and to maintain an industrial helotry; ciples on which we run our business we should, in turn, profit from such ex and we should lose our integrity in the ploitation and ultimately end up with process." a vested interest in its maintenance. In January this year, his firm received "We should have to operate within a an invitation from a finm of South Afri legal climate where the rule of law has been can developers to franchise the Wates abolished in favour of rule by decree, System of industrial building to them. which bids fair to become a reign of Watas turned the invitation down because terror. the directors did not wish to work in the "The cumulative effect of all these atmosphere of apartheid. factors in the long term must be sefl The South African firm replied that defeating; within the short term it must Wates had been misled by hostile propa make it impossible for ourselves indi ganda and that it could not take such a vidually, or as a company, to connive at decision 7,000miles away. anything which would serve to perpetuate As a result, Mr. Wates agreed to go a system which in the last analysis has no out to South AFrica to look at the situa other justification than the preservation tion at first hand. of white supremacy as an end in itself. He returned to Britain more convinced "To analyse each of my points in a than ever that the franchisethould not be little more detail.... usual absurd stories about "them" from our , 15 felowshftes-their ignorance, their crimi nality, their immorality, etc. etc. For con tact with "the African"we had to wait until we visited Zambia, where Africans we re ob taining levels of responsibility and acquiring skills which would'have frankly astonished

A scandalous under-utilisation of hu VLjftlj~is. The policy of reserving key ;'Ibsfor whites virtually means that 3,600,000 whites must provide the entire management capability and key skills for a population of over 19 million. The real scandal lies in the fact that all the realjgb opportunites one cafr see being grasped by Africans both in supervisory management and in the area of technical skills in a country like Zambia are totally denied to them in South Africa. It is impossible to say how many first-class minds are doing the most menial jobs and it is, of course, impos, sible to measure the waste of ability. "The the ory of separate development is plainly nonsense all the time the whites depend on the blacks for their industrial manpower-and of course there can be no npaningful development in the homelands where most of the blacks are working in white area& Only 8.7% of employed Af ricans are working inthe homelands-whilst major and minor offences become blurred says so, there are Wide powers to arrest, Ver one-third "live" in the homelands, but and respect for the law goes to the wall. together with the right to bar Counsel and if you obtain your discharge under this work away from home on annual contracts. "It is small wonder that there isvir Act you can simply be re-arrested in open This self-defeating policy prohibits any tually a reign of terror in the native town Court and detained sine die under the prospect of career development foil them, ships at night; in Soweto, the average num Terrorism act. let alone the building up of any loyalty to ber of murders on the peak night of the "Clearly the Terrorism Act is itself an the company and reduces the non-white t a week is seven; nobody knows how much act of terror; in accepting the security of the level of a "Laur Unit" unreported crime of violence takes the State, rather than that of the indivi 3. A climate designed to demoralies and place-but then none of this would be ob I dual as the over-riding consideration, the mentain an industrial hlotry. White in vious to the superficial white observer. rule of law has been abolished and a poten uSIry neeasATnIcan waour; ut each one "it is no defence to point out the un tial reign of terror through rule by decree of those Africans must have a permit to deniable truth that the black South Af It is true this is cur " work,. live and be." It is true fhat he can ricans are better off than blacks in any has been established. rntly mainly directed against the bls*, establish certain residential qualifications to other country in the world; the important a live in a tpwnship-if for example he has factor is their relative well-being to their but it is already beginning to be used worked in an area for 15 years, or 10 white fellow citizens; the Africans con gainst the white and must ultimately prove years in the same job. But he may not stitute 68 percent of the population, but self-defeating. necessarily be able to live with his their share of the national cash income is "I travelled South Africa hoping that I wife-ha certainly cannot invite a friend 19 percent-whereas the white constitute would find good reasons for doing busi in for the night without permission and 19 percent of the population and their ness there; privately I had alwW considered he is liable to lose all his rights if he is share of the cash income is 73 percent critics of South Africa to be shrill and found to be "idle and undesirable" 1 4. The rule of law has been abolished. emotional-to whom everything black was whereupon he will find himself se nt to If there is a physical reign of terror in the good and everything white was bad. But * "homeland" which means nothing to townships, all the ingredients are there for the parallel between Hitler's treatment of him. a legal reign of terror within the country. the Jews in the 1930s and South Africa's "What he needs, of course, is a home "In South AFrica, under the 1967 Ter treatment of the blacks today, became and not a Government favricated myth rorism Act (which created new offences daily more obvious to me in the course of of a homeland. What he gets is life in a and made them retrospective to 1962) It my visit and was brought home most vividly transit camp, without property, political is explicitly stated that "no Court shall to me when I saw blacks being literally and precious few legal rights. So far from pronounce on the validity of any action herded like cattle through the Bantu Adminis being a protector the law isseen as a for the release of a detainee under this tration Courts-just as I think with hind persecutor; incredibly 934,000 people were Act" Under the Bantu Administration sight it would have been totally wrong to do convicted of offences in 1968, 674,000 Act the President is supreme and his ac anything to connive at Nazism in those days, were admitted to prison during that year tions eannot be challenged in respect of so also do I think we should do nothing that and the average daily prison population the African right to remain, reside or work would help to perpetuate apartheId. was 80,000. in certain areas. With the Suppression of "I was frequently pressed in South Africa "Since it isvirtually impossible nt Communism Act of 1967, which virtually to say whether we were looking at it as a to break the law in a small way each day, says you are a Communist if the Minister business or an ethical problem: there can, 16 of course, be no difference. "During the course of my visit I came to see more clearly how South Africa is the battleground for the major issue which threatens the world, including within it of course the world of business-the problem A1.~;7A of race. There is a direct confrontation in South Africa and another confrontation in 0409"r the United States-and increasingly in this country. "It is crucial that as individuals and as 4 a company we make our stand known and #fWA play our part in promoting a non-racial world." fReprinted with permission from the Observer, London, Aug. 23, 1970) THE BANK OF AMERICA (part of NSIDE the now defunct $40 million consor tium loan to the Government of South Africa) is being cited in Euro Pean articles as a financier of the huge strategic CABORA BASSA NAMIBIA DAM' The Bank and U.S. Govern. ment officials keep denying it. L m Ruakana Falls, where an interim power station had already been erected, and the building of a canal to supply water from FINAL SOLUTION FOR BUSHM EN? the Kunene to Ovamboland and other parts of South West Africa. Good pro- t Namibia Today (July, 1970) reports on gross had already been made with the * what the Windhoek Advertiser of Novem building of the canal and it would pro ber 3, 1969 calls a "vast resettlement bably be completed in about two years s plan" for the Khoi (Bushmen) of north time." ii west Namibia. The Khoi are supposed to The officials also discussed the building d be stealing stock from white farmers, so of construction camps and a permanent "posts' are to be set up to which Bantu town. "The white residents would fl nomadic Bushmen are to be 'lured by consist largely of people working on the gifts of food and tobacco.' They are then power plantr and other projects and will to be put to work and made to settle far eventually be withdrawn, it was envi- b away from the areas in which they are at sgad." Obviously, though, if the guerrilla T present living. Namibia Today quotes a wars in both Namibia and Angola become letter written by the academic staff and more intense in the next few years, the F students of the London School of Econo construction camps and the town may fi mics Dept. of Anthropology, which says turn into armed white camps in hostile In part, "'Resettlement of hunter- gath territory. erers elsewhere in the world has been A followed by apathy, despondency and by INTERNATIONAL YEAR TO COMBAT d. the sort of hopelessness that is character RACISM: CELEBRATE IT IN NAMI- S, istic of the occupants of refugee camps."' BIA? Resettlement may in fact mean the end fc for this tragic people. 1971 will be the International Year for ir Action to combat racism and racial dipcri- Iy mination. DEVELOPMENT FOR OVAMBOLAND At a meeting of the U.N. Sub- tt Commission on Prevention of Discrimina- L tion, there was a discussion In August while visiting Ruakana Falls of a proposed C meeting (on the border between Ovamboland and of the President of the General E, Assembly, the Secretary-General, Angola) Mr. Botha, Minister of Bantu the te Chairman of the Committee of Human Administration and Development and Rights, and the Secretary General of the Bantu Education discussed development OAU in an African capital close to South tlh Possibilities with other government offi Africa. John Carey, the U.S. represents dils. According to News From South tlve, suggested that the meeting might be 0 Africa (Aug. 7, 1970): "The main points held in a place like Namibia, in order to to of discussion were the proposed hydro make the occasion "as dramatic as pos S * electric project on the Kunene River at sible." 17 Needless to say. there is little hope that CURFEWS ON AFRICANS the resolution of this case or that any INTENSIFIED IN WINDHOEK BRITAIN DEPENDS other deliberation made by U.N. bodies NIUM ON S.A. URA will have any real effect The problem with the current World In Windhoek the curfew for Africans Reports in the British newspapers Court case is that the Court COULD in has been at intensified because, according to the beginning of July indicated effect invalidate the U.N.'s termination of the WindhoekAdwvetiser that there (May 30, 1970): have been recently signed two contracts the mandate. In order to prevent this, "Natives wandered around freely at night, between the United Kingdom Atomic ,inland tacked a rider onto the resolution constituting a danger to white women, Energy Authority (UKAEA), and the aharrowing it to deal with the conse and causing a noise . . . dozens of mining corporation, quences of South Africa's continued pre Rio Tino Zinc Ovambo sleep at night in the Knein (RTZ), that will lead to Britain becoming sence in Namibia "notwithstanding Secu Windhoek River valley, and they were dependent on South Africa for supplying rity Council resolution 276 of 1970 (a difficult to control," and so on. the uranium for its nuclear program. resolution adopted last January which RTZ has recently begun together reaffirmed the illegality of South Africa~s with a South African Government backed development presence and sought ways to effect U.N. SOBUKWE DENIED PASSPORT corporation, to exploit responsibility for the territory). Needless uranium dopobits near Swakopmund in Namibia. to say, it will be difficult for the Court to The con Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, formerly tracts involve the delivery of deal with South Africa's presence in uranium jailed leader of the Pan Africanist over a seven year period, Namibia without dealing with the U.N.'s from 1973-80. Congress and now under house.arrest The lapsing of previous termination of South Africa's mandate, contracts with in Kimberley, Northern Cape, was Canadian-based firms means just as it will be difficult to separate that most of denied a passport and exit permit by Britain's supplies will in moral issues from legal niceties in the the 'future be the South African Government (East derived from Namibia. (Third deliberation of this case. World Re African STANRARD 1970). oortsr July 1970I THE WAR CONTINUES

An article in Namibia Today (July, 1970) refers to a series of advertisements in local papers in Namibia offering a eward for the capture of SWAPO (South THE IHURCHES West African People's Organization) lead er Patrick lyambo. Although the South AND African forces deny that there ere guerril las now operating in Namibia, they have moved troops and special paramilitary police squads up to strengthen the garri SOU T HERN son in the northern part of the country, and have distributed posters advertising AFRICA the 1000 Rand reward for lyambo through most villages in the North. Des cribing him as a "key man," the South Africans admit that in the past lyambo has been engaged in battles with police and troops. WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES ALLOCATES $200,000 TO GROUPS FIGHTING RACISM URBAN LEAGE AND CHASE MAN Nineteen organizations of oppressed HATTAN rac ial groups or supporting victims of racial injustice will share in an alloca tion of $200,000 from the World Council of Churches. The At a sub-committee meeting of a action was taken by the WCC Executive Committee meeting 4,000 member convention of the in Frankfurt, following a decision of the Council's Central Urban Leage in New York, a resolu Committee at Canterbury in August 1969. tion, sponsored by a youth delegate, The grants, ranging from $2,500 to $20,000, are the first was presented which called upon to be made from a special fund to combat racism. The fund CHASE MANHATTAN BANK to be is made up of contributions from member churches and denied the right to participate in from the World 'Council's reserves. future Urban League -affairs until it Among the organizations receiving grants are: withdrew all economic support from -The Africa Bureau (England) South Africa. The resolution was -Anti-Apartheid Movement (England) amended (and thereby moderated) to -International Defense and Aid Fund (England) include other unnamed companies as -Angola Committee and Dr. Eduardo Mondlane well. (New York Times, 7/23/70) Foundation (Netherlands) -Africa 2000 Project (Zambia) -Mozambique Institute of FRELIMO (Mozambique) 18

-Movimiento Popular de Libertasao de Angola (Angola) WORLD ALLIANCE OF REFORMED CHURCHES (PRES -Governo Revolucionario de Angola no Exil (Angola) BYTERIAN AND CONGREGATIONAL) DISRUPTED -Uniao Nacional Para a Independencla Total de OVER APARTHEID Angola (Angola) -Partido Africano de Independenca da Guineae a Cabo A draft resolution considered by the Steering Committee of Verde (Guinea-Bissao) the World Alliance of Reformed Churches in Nairobi state -African National Congress (South Africa) "The church of Jesus Christ does not make room for tribal -South West African People's Organization (South walls, be they racial, cultural, national, or confessional. The West Africa) church that by doc trine and/orpractice affirms segregation of -Zimbabwe African -National Union (Rhodesia) peoples (e.g. racial segregation) as a law for its life cannot be -Zimbabwe African People's Union (Rhodesia) regarded as an authentic member of the body of Christ." (Daily Nation, 8/27/70) The declaratioii, expressing the Assembly's belief in the need for social justice for all mankind, dates the Dutch Reformed Church for its support of racial segregation and the idea of white supremacy. It calls on the churches to "root out racism with its insidious substitution of color for the. God of the Covenant sealed in Jesus Christ." The North American delegate to the WARC challenged American business to use its Investments to support the struggle for freedom and justice in Southern Aflica. The U.S., along with Britain, West Germany and Japan, pro vide the major financial under-girding of the South African economy which supported the apartheid system, according to the spokesman: "We must unrelentin~gly advocate self determination, justice and human development for all Africans and oppose colonialism, racism and repression wherever these occur." "We have a further obligtion," he went on, '4to seek practica I ways in which the churches can give immediate material and moral support to the humanitarian programs of those engaged in the struggle to secure justice and freedom for the people of Southern Africa." The state ment said that concern about American involvement in South Africa was illusteated by: -Preferential sugar quota legislation which awarded about five million dollars in annual subsidy from the U.S. Government to South Africa. -Sale of American arms to Portugal., VORSTER'S REACTION -Investment by American oil companies in the Pottuguese territories Prime Minister John Vorster of South Africa issued a -Granting of U.S. landing privileges to South statement in response to the World Council of Churches ac African Airways tion in which he said that the Council's grant was "shock -The recent ing." He said it cannot be tolerated that "money contri revolving credit arrangement between South Africa and ten major American banks which buted and collected in South Africa should be sent out of provided $40 million in credit the country for this purpose." Many church and political to the South African Government. leaders in South Africa were sure the South African churches In addition to the U.S. representative's of would definitely withdraw from the World Council of Chur scoring South Africa, an African churchman from South ches because of its action. Even Mrs. Helen Suzman, noted Africa also madei f a slashing attack on apartheid. His testimony Progressive Party M.P. stated: "This is no way to make a earned him one of the loudest ovations of the conference, contribution to the solution of the problem of racialism in while that of another South African before him who Southern Africa." (Johannesburg Star, 9/4/70) testified that he "is not oppressed Although most people felt sure the South African churches in South Africa [and does] ... whatever I like" was received would outrightly condemn the action, the Presbyterian in silence. Delegates to the -conference were troubled by the impression projected Church of South Africa, who has since met in its annual by the Dutch Reformed Church that conference, did not withdraw from the Council or denounce it supported Vorster's government in its policy of apartheid its action. Vorster has attacked the South African Council The Alliance was instructed to organize a meeting of Churches for its "weak-kneed" decision not to break of all member churches in South Africa to with the World Council. Although the South African Council face together the implications of the Gospel for the racial problem and "to disassociated itself from the implied "support of violence" in seek together means by wibich these implications can be the World Council's action, it ignored Vorster's urgings to put into practice." (East African Standard, 8/31/70) withdraw from the WCC. (Daily Nation, 9/13/70) 19 GULF OIL AND THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST develop "humane policies" in their African operations. B! R. Dorsey, President of Gulf Oil Corporation, asked Gulf Oil Company is worth over $8 billion and is the for 'an immediate retraction of the resolution by the con tenth largest corporation in America, with an annual in ference.. In a July 27 letter, Dorsey also asked for a come of around $1 billion and last year paid less than mailing list of everyone who attended the conference and half of one percent of its inzome in U.S. federal taxes. everyone who received a copy of the resolution. The Some of its vast wealth comes from oil concessions in letter also said' "Our [Gulf's] attomeys have been asked Angola and Mozambique, where it in tum pays taxes to determine what legal actions should be taken to obtain and royalties to the Portuguese government which no redress for the damages done to Gulf Oil Corporation and doubt uses such income in its war against the Africans to the reputation of its principal officers by the dissemina of those countries. tion of the defamatory document . . We also demand that In June a small protest was made against Gulf by the the conference desist from any further publicity of the re Ohio Conference of the United Church of Christ. The solution to its delegates or members." (Washington Post, Christians correctly accuse d Gulf of providing "support 8/15/70) for the suppression of the African liberation movements" If Gulf did sue the UCC, it would be a wonderful and urged its members to turn in their Gulf Oil credit trial. The UCC people could subpoena all of Gulf's cards. books and that might be edifying, seeing those figures that Gulf could not tolerate even this small protest. Gulf's don't get into the annual reports. As Nicholas von Hoffman President has threatened to sue the Church for libel. He eomments in his lucid editorial: "Naturally, Gulf, as the defended his company by saying that it was interested only defamed, innocent patW, would win and could confiscate in money, not politics--or African lives perhaps. The Church the Ohio Conference's churches; bailifss might be sent into has bravely stuck to its position and can document its the sanctuaries to seize the silver crosses in satisfaction of argument with lots of evidence. the judgment and take them off where they could be The resolution passed by the Conference of the UCC in melted down and recast in the shape of little oil derricks. June urged the 230,000 UCC members in Ohio to turn in Why is Gulf so worried at the mouse-scratchy protests their Gulf credit cards. The resolution was passed by a of the Ohio United Christians? "The only explanation 223-84 vote, with 78 abstentions. The Conference also that comes to mind is that this industry is terrified of urged UCC members who own Gulf stock not to sell it, the public reaction should information on what they're but to exercise the voting power of their stock in order to doing get widely circulated."

THE SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST (publication of the Information Ser SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS vice of the Government of South South African Airways has opened Africa) carried a large picture recent up new offices in Chicago and Hous ly of the President of the South ton. It. already has them in New African Government Agency (the York, Los Angeles, San Francisco Council for Scientific and Industrial and Toronto. The Airways will begin Research-CSI R) with an American to use 747 Boeing jumbo jets at the woman representing the U.S. Army end of 1971 (Star, Aug. 1, 1970). Topographical Command. The two The anti-discrimination case against officials were examining a South Af SAA is still alive. Robert J. Mangum, rican Tellurometer, a distance Commissioner of the New York State measuring device which South Africa Human Rights Division, issued a sold to the U.S. Army several years statement in July criticizing the Air agol Nations and individuals worried ways for "dilatory tact4cs'. after the about British arms sales to South New York State Appellate Division Africa should also look at continuing had rejected a SAA appeal against the cooperation between the U.S. and decision to hold public hearings. South Africa in the military field. These hearings have not been held (SAD, Aug. 7, 1970) yet. (Star, 7/11/70) =10 20

SPECIAL ISSUE OF AFRICA TODAY

"ALLIES TO EMPIRE - THE U.S. AND PORTUGAL IN AFRICA"

Includes economic involvement with a special updated list of corporations in Angola and Mozambique; American trade; Gulf Oil in Canada. 36 pages

Plus-two sections on U.S. military involve ment and foreign policy.

SPECIAL RATES AVAILABLE from the American Committee on Africa 164 Madison Avenue New York, N. Y. 10016

-50k single issue -40k bulk of 10-100 -30X bulk of 200 or more

Southern Africa Committee 637 West 125th Street New York, N. Y. 10027 September 1970