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New Deal Art in Arizona / Betsy Fahlman

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New Deal Art in Arizona / Betsy Fahlman BETSY FAHLMAN THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA PRESS Tucson The University of Arizona Press © 2009 The Arizona Board of Regents All rights reserved www.uapress.arizona.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fahlman, Betsy. New Deal art in Arizona / Betsy Fahlman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8165-2292-7 (hard cover) 1. Art, American—Arizona—20th century. 2. New Deal art. 3. Federal Art Project. I. Title. N6530.A6F34 2009 709.791'09043—dc22 2009018531 C Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper containing a minimum of 30% post-consumer waste and processed chlorine free. 14 13 12 11 10 09 6 5 4 3 2 1 Frontispiece: Lon Megargee, Agriculture, 1934, oil on canvas, 83" × 48 ½". For Dan, The Coolidge Dam and Jerome, Where the journey began • • • CONTENTS List of Figures ix Acknowledgments xiii 1 . The Government as Patron: Federal Support for the Arts in Arizona 1 2 . Arizona Welcomes You: Entering the New Deal 8 3 . The Cultural Desert: New Deal Arts Agencies in Arizona 23 4 . Art in Public Places: New Deal Murals and Sculpture in Arizona 41 5 . The Government Lens: Documentary Photography in Arizona 71 6 . The Landscape of Arizona: The Natural and Unnatural Sublime 109 7 . The Depression Ends: The World War II Years 128 8 . Conclusion: The Legacy of the New Deal in Arizona 149 Notes 155 Selected Bibliography 167 Figure Credits 189 Index 197 FIGURES 1.1 Chart of major New Deal Agencies operating in Arizona, and map of Arizona with locations of major New Deal art activity. xvi 2.1 Arthur Rothstein, Arizona-New Mexico State Line, March 1940. 9 2.2 Dorothea Lange, Sign near Saint David, May 1937. 10 2.3 Russell Lee, Lineman on telephone pole at Casa Grande Valley Farms, April 1940. 11 2.4 Russell Lee, Tourist court, Phoenix, April 1940. 13 2.5 Hoover Dam, Arizona Highways, June 1939. 15 2.6 Lon Megargee and Charles Percy Austin, Mural in the Arizona display at the Century of Progress International Exposition, Chicago, 1933–34. 17 2.7 Russell Lee, Roadside tourist attraction, Maricopa County, April 1940. 18 2.8 Russell Lee, Zoo and Museum, Apache Junction, April 1940. 19 2.9 Russell Lee, Cactus light standard in front of Hotel Westward Ho, Phoenix, May 1940. 19 3.1 Exterior, Phoenix Federal Art Center, 710 East Adams Street. 25 3.2 Interior, Phoenix Federal Art Center. 27 3.3 Creston Baumgartner, Kathleen Wilson, Burdell Tenney, Lew Davis, Raymond Phillips Sanderson, and Sim Bruce Richards, Federal Art Project artists. 28 3.4 Lew Davis, Underground, oil painting executed for the Federal Art Project, unlocated. 30 3.5 Cover, Arizona: A State Guide. 34 3.6 Ross Santee, 1940. 35 3.7 Elizabeth Johnson, 1942, Brand from the Lazy B Ranch, watercolor. 37 3.8 Russell Lee, Shells of old buildings on the main street, Tombstone, May 1940. 39 4.1 Joseph Morgan Henninger, Spanish Influence in Arizona, 1934, oil on canvas, 7' × 16'. 42 4.2 Joseph Morgan Henninger, Industrial Development in Arizona, 1934, oil on canvas, 7' × 16'. 43 4.3 Emry Kopta, Kachina Fountain, 1934. 44 4.4 Lon Megargee, Agriculture, 1934, oil on canvas, 83" × 48½". 46 4.5 Raymond Phillips Sanderson, Miners’ Monument, 1935, Bisbee. 47 4.6 Raymond Phillips Sanderson, Miner, 1939. 48 figures 4.7 Sim Bruce Richards, Desert Mining Community, 1937, Pencil and ink on paper, 29" × 11". 49 4.8 Lon Megargee, Phoenix Post Office competition entry, 1937. 50–51 4.9 Lew Davis, Phoenix Post Office competition entry, 1937. 52–53 4.10 Lew Davis, Phoenix Post Office competition entry, 1937. 52–53 4.11 Lew Davis, Phoenix Post Office competition entry, 1937. 54–55 4.12 Lew Davis, Phoenix Post Office competition entry, 1937. 54–55 4.13 Oscar Berninghaus, Communication during the Period of Exploration, 1937–38, oil on canvas, 19' wide × 4' 6" high, Post Office, Phoenix. 56 4.14 Oscar Berninghaus, Pioneer Communication, 1937–38, oil on canvas, 19' wide × 4' 6" high, Post Office, Phoenix. 56 4.15 Laverne Nelson Black, Historical Background, 1937–38, oil on canvas, 19' wide × 4' 6" high, Post Office, Phoenix. 57 4.16 Laverne Nelson Black, The Progress of the Pioneer, 1937–1938, oil on canvas, 19' wide × 4' 6" high, Post Office, Phoenix. 57 4.17 Seymour Fogel, 48 States Competition entry for Safford Post Office, 1939. 59 4.18 Seymour Fogel, The History of the Gila Valley: Migration, 1939–42, tempera on gesso and plaster, 8' wide × 3' high, Post Office, Safford. 61 4.19 Sim Bruce Richards, Modern dance murals, 1939, 20' high × 70' long, Women’s Activity Building (now the Moeur Building), Arizona State University. 63 4.20 John Porter Leeper, Women in Sports and the Arts, 1939, oil on canvas, 9' × 24', Women’s Activity Building (now the Moeur Building), Arizona State University. 63 4.21 Robert Kittredge, Apache Chiefs Geronimo and Vittorio, 1939, plaster relief, 4' diameter, Post Office, Springerville. 64 4.22 Robert Kittredge, Arizona Logging, 1940, plaster relief, 6' long × 4½' high, Post Office, Flagstaff (unlocated). 65 4.23 Jay Datus, Arizona Pageant of Progress, 1937–38, oil on canvas. 66 4.24 Gerald Nailor at work on The History and Progress of the Navajo Nation, Navajo Nation Council Chamber, Window Rock, 1943. 69 5.1 Russell Lee, Municipal golf course, Phoenix, May 1940. 74 5.2 Russell Lee, Salesman demonstrating an electric refrigerator to members of the United Producers’ and Consumers’ Cooperative of Phoenix, May 1940. 75 5.3 Russell Lee, Agua Fria Farm Security Administration Camp for migratory workers, chart showing occupants of shelters, May 1940. 76 5.4 Russell Lee, Agua Fria Farm Security Administration Camp for migratory workers, view from the water tower, May 1940. 76 5.5 Russell Lee, Migratory laborer and his wife at the Agua Fria FSA Camp, May 1940. 78 5.6 Russell Lee, Migrant agricultural worker planting flowers in front of his metal shelter, Agua Fria FSA Camp, May 1940. 78 x figures 5.7 Russell Lee, Operation at Cairns General Hospital, Eleven Mile Corner, February 1942. 79 5.8 Russell Lee, Jitterbug contest, Second Annual Field Day, FSA Camp, Yuma, March 1942. 81 5.9 Russell Lee, Casa Grande Valley Farms, wife of a member displaying canned goods with which she won prizes at the state fair, May 1940. 82 5.10 Russell Lee, Chandler Farms, trench silo, May 1940. 83 5.11 Russell Lee, Chandler Farms, apartment house, May 1940. 84 5.12 Russell Lee, Bisbee, May 1940. 85 5.13 Russell Lee, Sacramento Pit, Bisbee, May 1940. 86 5.14 Russell Lee, Home of a merchant, Concho, September 1940. 86 5.15 Russell Lee, Members of the last remaining Mormon family, Concho, October 1940. 87 5.16 Russell Lee, Taliesin, May 1940. 88 5.17 Russell Lee, WPA work, as visualized by Homer Tate, Safford, May 1940. 89 5.18 Russell Lee, Madonna of the Trail, Springerville, April 1940. 90 5.19 Russell Lee, Marriage mill, Salome, February 1942. 91 5.20 Dorothea Lange, Highway 87 near Coolidge, migratory cotton picker stopped by engine trouble alongside the road, November 1940. 95 5.21 Dorothea Lange, Cortaro Farms, Pinal County, November 1940. 97 5.22 Dorothea Lange, Truckload of cotton pickers from Arkansas, Pinal County, November 1940. 98 5.23 Dorothea Lange, Cotton picker coming down the row, Maricopa County, November 1940. 99 5.24 Dorothea Lange, Migratory Cotton Picker, Eloy, Arizona, 1940, gelatin silver print, 10⅜" × 13⅜". 100 5.25 Dorothea Lange, On Highway 87, south of Chandler, November 1940. 101 5.26 Dorothea Lange, Near Coolidge, young girl works in cotton field on Saturday morning, November 1940. 102 5.27 Dorothea Lange, Children in a democracy. Bus carries migratory cotton pickers’ children from FSA mobile camp for migratory laborers to the Eloy district school, Pinal County, November 1940. 103 5.28 Dorothea Lange, Children of drought refugee family, Chandler, May 1937. 104 5.29 Dorothea Lange, Zanjero, Eloy District, Pinal County, November 1940. 105 5.30 Dorothea Lange, Weighing cotton at the truck, Cortaro Farms, Pinal County, November 1940. 106 5.31 Dorothea Lange, Yaqui Indian cotton picker, Cortaro Farms, Pinal County, November 1940. 107 5.32 Dorothea Lange, Yaqui Indian Jacal, Cortaro Farms, Pinal County, November 1940. 107 6.1 Russell Lee, Copper smelter, Douglas, May 1940. 110 6.2 Ansel Adams, Grand Canyon National Park, 1941. 113 xi figures 6.3 Russell Lee, Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, October 1940. 114 6.4 Ansel Adams, White House Ruins, Canyon de Chelly, 1941. 115 6.5 Ansel Adams, Navajo woman and infant, Canyon de Chelly, 1941. 116 6.6 Ansel Adams, Walpi, 1941. 117 6.7 Russell Lee, Roosevelt Dam, Gila County, May 1940. 118 6.8 Ansel Adams, Hoover Dam, 1941. 119 6.9 Ben Glaha, Workman with water bag, 1934. 121 6.10 Maynard Dixon, Tired Men, 1934, oil on canvas, 25" × 30". 122 6.11 Maynard Dixon, High Scalers, 1934, oil on board, 19½" × 15½". 123 6.12 William Gropper, Construction of the Dam, 1938–39, oil on canvas, 27¼" × 87¼". 124–125 7.1 Jack Delano, Train load of military tanks on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, March 1943. 131 7.2 Jack Delano, Young Indian laborer working in the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway yard, Winslow, March 1943. 132 7.3 Fritz Henle, Open-pit copper mine of the Phelps Dodge Mining Corporation, Morenci, December 1942. 133 7.4 Fritz Henle, Electric shovel, open-pit copper mine, Morenci, December 1942.
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