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Landscape Character Area X BRECON BEACONS NATIONAL PARK LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT AUGUST 2012 PREPARED BY FIONA FYFE ASSOCIATES WITH COUNTRYSCAPE, ALISON FARMER ASSOCIATES AND JULIE MARTIN ASSOCIATES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Landscape Character Assessment was commissioned by the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority in March 2012. It has been prepared by Fiona Fyfe Associates, with Julie Martin Associates, Alison Farmer Associates and Countryscape, between March and August 2012. The spatial approach of the Landscape Character Assessment provides a clear geographic reference for landscape character, special qualities and issues of landscape change across the National Park. It is intended for use in a number of ways, including: Assessing the qualities of wildness, tranquillity and remoteness across the National Park to develop a policy related to the impacts of recreation and development on these qualities. Contributing to the development of policies with regard to large-scale developments on the fringes of the National Park. Use as Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG), supporting emerging policies in the Local Development Plan which aim to protect the special qualities of the National Park. Forming baseline evidence in the development of a visitor management strategy, as referenced in the Environment Minister’s Strategic Grant Letter to the Welsh National Parks (29th March 2011). In addition it will inform community development, village plans, Glastir-targeted elements, countryside priorities, education and information through its contribution to understanding of sense of place. The methodology (comprising desk studies, fieldwork, consultation and writing-up) is in accordance with the current best practice guidelines for Landscape Character Assessment, and also utilises the Welsh LANDMAP landscape database. It reflects the holistic approach to landscape set out in the European Landscape Convention, and considers the natural, cultural and perceptual factors which together comprise the landscape. The Brecon Beacons National Park was designated in 1957 on the grounds of its natural beauty and the opportunities it offers for open air recreation. Its varied landscapes are the result of its natural geology and topography, superimposed by thousands of years of human activity and management of the land. The landscapes of the National Park therefore contain a record of their evolutionary processes over millennia. The development of landscape is a dynamic process, and many forces for change continue to act on the landscape today. There are five broad landscape types within the National Park: Uplands, Upland Valleys, Settled Valleys, Lowlands and Mountains and Valleys. Within these landscape types, fifteen Landscape Character Areas were identified. Each one has its own character, identity and ‘sense of place’ derived from the particular combinations of natural and cultural elements within it. Each Landscape Character Area is described in terms of its location and context; historical development; distinctive characteristics; LANDMAP components; settlements; key views; special qualities; sensitivities; contribution to ecosystem services and Green Infrastructure and forces for landscape change. Each Landscape Character Area profile ends with a management strategy and recommended management guidelines to protect and strengthen its landscape character. 2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Introduction and Acknowledgements 2.1.1 This project was commissioned by the Brecon Beacons National Park Authority (BBNPA) in March 2012, and was undertaken between March and September 2012. It has been prepared by Fiona Fyfe Associates, in association with Julie Martin Associates, Alison Farmer Associates and Countryscape. The project team also included Lepus Consulting, who advised on ecosystem services, and Robin Lines, who assisted with the fieldwork. The author would like to acknowledge and thank all members of the project team for their contributions, the project Steering Brecon Beacons National Park Landscape Character Assessment Fiona Fyfe Associates, August 2012 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Group for their help and advice, CCW staff, and the National Park Warden Service for assisting with practical issues of access into the most remote areas. She would also like to thank the many National Park Authority staff and members of other organisations who contributed to the consultation workshops and shared their knowledge and understanding of the area and its issues. All photographs in this document have been taken by Fiona Fyfe unless stated otherwise. 2.2 Purposes of the Project 2.2.1 The purpose of the Landscape Character Assessment is to support the National Park Authority’s role and that of its partners in managing the landscape of the National Park by way of implementation of the policies in the National Park Management Plan and Local Development Plan. The Landscape Character Assessment will provide the National Park Authority and relevant partners with a tool to identify and address pressures causing landscape change, and specify management guidance to address these likely pressures. Its spatial approach provides a clear geographic reference for landscape character, special qualities and issues across the National Park. Key uses of the Landscape Character Assessment will be: Assessing the qualities of wildness, tranquillity and remoteness across the National Park to develop a policy related to the impacts of recreation and development on these qualities. Contribute to the development of policies with regard to large-scale developments on the fringes of the National Park. Use as Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG), supporting emerging policies in the Local Development Plan which aim to protect the special qualities of the National Park. Form baseline evidence in the development of a visitor management strategy, as referenced in the Environment Minister’s Strategic Grant Letter to the Welsh National Parks. In addition it will inform community development; village plans; Glastir-targeted elements; countryside priorities; education and information, together with an understanding of sense of place. Brecon Beacons National Park Landscape Character Assessment Fiona Fyfe Associates, August 2012 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2.3 Contents of the Report 2.3.1 Following this introduction, Section 3.0 provides background information on the designation and purposes of the Brecon Beacons National Park, and a short introduction to the process of Landscape Character Assessment. A summary methodology for the project is provided in Section 4.0 (the full methodology with technical detail is presented in Appendix 2). Section 5.0 contains a summary of the development of the Brecon Beacons landscape, and the natural and cultural processes which have influenced it. The Forces for Change which continue to impact on the National Park are summarised in Section 6.0. Section 7.0 presents the findings of the Landscape Character Assessment, and contains maps and a series of profiles, one for each of the fifteen Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) within the National Park. Potential future uses of the Landscape Character Assessment are given in Section 8.0. A series of technical appendices include a glossary, detailed methodology, technical information relating to LCA boundaries, perceptual qualities and LANDMAP components, and a reference list. 3.0 BACKGROUND 3.1 Location of the Brecon Beacons National Park Brecon Beacons National Park Landscape Character Assessment Fiona Fyfe Associates, August 2012 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3.1.1 The Brecon Beacons National Park covers an area of 1347 square km (520 square miles). It lies between the industrialised valleys of South Wales and the rural countryside of Mid Wales (fig. 1). The majority of land within the National Park is in Powys Unitary Authority, but smaller areas are in Carmarthenshire, Monmouthshire, Rhondda Cynon Taff, Merthyr Tydfil, Blaenau Gwent and Torfaen (fig. 2). The largest settlements within the National Park are Brecon and Hay-on- Wye, with other towns including Abergavenny, Pontypool, Merthyr Tydfil, Glynneath, Llandeilo and Llandovery located just outside the National Park. A more detailed map of the National Park is shown in fig.3. Fig. 1: UK National Parks and the location of the Brecon Beacons Fig. 2:Unitary Authorities within the National Park 3.2 Designation of the National Park 3.2.1 The Brecon Beacons National Park was designated in 1957 on the grounds of its natural beauty and the opportunities it affords for open air recreation. Under the 1995 Environment Act, the National Park Authority has two statutory purposes and a statutory duty, namely to: Brecon Beacons National Park Landscape Character Assessment Fiona Fyfe Associates, August 2012 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Park; Promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities (of the Park) by the public, and Seek to foster the economic and social well-being of local communities (within the National Park) by working closely with the agencies and local authorities responsible for these matters. 3.3 Special Qualities of the National Park 3.3.1 The Brecon Beacons National Park Management Plan1 sets out the special qualities of the Brecon Beacons National Park. These are: A National Park offering peace and tranquillity with opportunities for quiet enjoyment, inspiration, relaxation and spiritual renewal. A feeling of vitality and heathfulness that comes from enjoying the Park’s
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