DOCSLIB.ORG

Running Head: Natura 2000 in Bulgaria and Tourism Development 6

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Running Head: Natura 2000 in Bulgaria and Tourism Development 6 DOI 10.20544/HORIZONS.A.20.1.17.P06 UDC 338.48-6:502/504(497.2) RUNNING HEAD: NATURA 2000 IN BULGARIA AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT 6 Georgi Leonidov Georgiev PhD, Department of Tourism, Faculty of Economics, SWU “NeofitRilski” [email protected] ABSTRACT Natura 2000 is a European network made up of protected areas designed to provide long-term survival of the most valuable and threatened species and habitats of Europe in line with basic international agreements in the field of environmental protection and biological diversity. It should be established in all European Union countries and is placed as a basic requirement for the accession of candidate countries of the EU. Locations within the ecological network shall be determined in accordance with two major environmental EU Directives, Directive 92/43 / EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive) and Directive 2009/147 / EC on the conservation of wild birds (birds Directive). The process of creating the ecological network NATURA 2000 in Bulgaria started in 2002 with the adoption of the Biodiversity Act, which establishes the norms of both European directives. At this stage the network of protected areas in Bulgaria is almost fully built, including 119 protected areas for the conservation of wild birds, covering 22.7 percent of the country and 234 protected areas for conservation of natural habitats covering 30% of the territory of Bulgaria . 13 zone boundaries in both Directives match. Thus, the ecological network NATURA 2000 in Bulgaria covers 340 protected areas, which is 34.4 percent of the country. The article analyzes the opportunitiesprovided by similar ecological networks in the management of the lands included in them, in view of their environmental, economic and socially sustainable management in the future. The emphasis is on the fact that the planning and development of tourism infrastructure in protected areas, its operation and marketing should focus on environmental, social, cultural and economic sustainability criteria. 6 Professional paper 79 Key words: NATURA 2000, protected areas, bio diversity, sustainable development, eco tourism. INTRODUCTION EU directives on the conservation of natural habitats, wild flora and fauna (1992) and wild birds (1979) are the main pillars of EU policy in terms of biodiversity. They create a conceptual framework and opportunities for joint coordinated actions of all member-states for protection and sustainable development of territories, inhabited by the most threatened and vulnerable European species and habitat types. Subject to protection under both directives are about 140 types of natural habitats and over 600 species of plants and animals of Community importance. Member-states are required to determine the distribution of these habitats and species within their territories and to manage them with the aim to ensure their preservation and sustainable use (National Information and Communication Strategy for the network of NATURA 2000, 2013, p.6). The creation of NATURA 2000 is fundamental and it connects both directives. It represents an EU-wide ecological network of protected areas, located on the territory of 28 member-states. Over 26 000 areas have been included in It so far, which makes it the largest coordinated network of protected areas in the world. It covers about 18% of the territory of member-states of the European Union. Currently it is supplemented with sea areas. The contribution of this international initiative in the overall process for conservation of biodiversity consists in preventing degradation, fragmentation and destruction of natural and semi-natural habitats and habitats of habitats of rare and endangered plant and animal species. The ecological network ensures the free geographical distribution of the species, genetic exchange and migration. NATURA 2000 includes areas under special protection under Habitats Directive and Special Protection Areas, defined in the Directive on the protection of birds. The creation of such a network of protected areas meets the obligations of the European Union under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. By the means of it, the European community is involved in the establishment of EMERALD Network under the Bern Convention, which covers the whole European continent and some North African countries. Protected areas for birds are geographically designated areas under the Directive on the conservation of wild birds in order to protect the species, requiring special conservation measures for their habitats on the territory of the European Union. They are declared as species, endangered with extinction, vulnerable to changes in their habitats, rare or because of the 80 specific habitats, requiring special attention and for that reason included in Annex I of the Directive. In Bulgaria Birds Directive is applied to 110 species, included in Annex II of Biological Diversity Act (2002). Except for that protected areas are declared for migratory species, which are not included in Annex I of the Directive. There are designated Special Protected Areas (SPAs) during their periods of moulting, wintering ad migration on their migration routes. Special attention is paid to the wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. The country has defines 76 types, described in a special instruction, approved by the National Council on Biodiversity (http://bspb.org/bg/natura.html ). Protected areas for habitats are geographically designated areas, defined by member-states under the Habitats Directive, allowing actions for protection and restoration of favourable conservation status of natural habitats and/or of species for which these areas are designated. Protected areas are declared for the endangered habitats on the territory of the European Union, described in Annex I of the Directive. Special attention is paid to priority habitats, such as coastal lagoons, flooded forests and etc. Annex I of the Biological Act describes 90 types of natural habitats, 26 of which priority. Except for that protected areas are declared for plant and animal species, other than birds, which are endangered, potentially endangered, rare or endemic ones. They are described in Annex II of the Directive. Annex II of the Biodiversity Act includes 25 species of mammals, 10 species of amphibians and reptiles, 25 species of fish, 36 species of invertebrates and 20 species of plants. Priority species are subject to extra attention. The existing directives on habitats and birds are directly linked to other ecological legislation and provisions of the Directive for assessing the environmental impact and the Directive for strategic environmental assessment. Such interconnection is needed, in order to regulate the process of development and adaptation of protected areas, without the risk of jeopardizing or violating their status, integrity and ecological status, resulting from the implemented project and planning actions, directly or indirectly linked to the areas (National Information and communication strategy for NATURA 2000, 2013, p.88). Considering the vital importance of the European ecological network NATURA 2000 in terms of biodiversity conservation and Bulgarian commitments in this regard, this paper makes an attempt to analyze the opportunities, provided by similar ecological networks in land management within their territories, with a view to their ecological, economic and sustainable social management in the future, including the opportunities for tourism development, which does not destroy environment – a guarantee of lasting interest and turning the preserved nature in Bulgaria into an attractive 81 tourist destination now and in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the purposes of this research there have been used recognizable methods and approaches for collection of data. Some sources have been used, provided by the Ministry of Environment and Water, the Directories of Bulgarian National and Nature parks, and all 16 Regional Inspections on Protection of Environment and Water, the Ministry of Tourism, the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, the Executive Forest Agency, research publications from international scientific forums, dedicated to biodiversity and protected areas, as well as s series of publications of Bulgaria and foreign authors. The analysis is conducted and the results have been established by the means of comparative and analytical approaches. Last, but not lest personal observations in some of the protected areas have been conducted. The working methods that have been used for the purposes of this research include description, diagnosis, analysis and synthesis, comparison, statistical and expert methods. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS The establishment of the ecological network in Bulgaria caused serious discussions, and sometimes faced a resistance from the local population and number of businesses and public organizations. awareness campaigns conducted by the Ministry of Environment and non-governmental environmental organizations had significant contribution to overcoming the existing problems and ambiguities in this regard, as well as publications of a number of Bulgarian and foreign artists working in the field of biodiversity conservation. The most important and directly related to Natura 2000 publications and methodological manuals, played a significant role in building a network of protected areas in Bulgaria are: Procedures for sustainable forest management in Natura
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nature-Scorecard-Netherlands.Pdf
    NATURE SCORE CARD The Netherlands Netherlands has been a member of the European Union since its founding. Its Natura 2000 network consists of 195 sites, covering 20603km2, all of which are terrestrial (13.29% of the land area) while marine NATURA 2000 sites are covering 15083km2. The below analysis and recommendations suggest that national authorities still need to make further efforts in order to fully implement the Birds and Habitats Directives and effective conservation of threatened species and habitats to be achieved on the ground. Transposition Site designation Management of sites (terrestrial) Avoid deterioration of sites, disturbance of species and implementation of appropriate assessments (terrestrial) Landscape connectivity Funding and resources Habitats and species monitoring Promotion of research Non-native species Stakeholder engagement, public participation and communication Species protection Management of sites (marine) Avoid deterioration of sites, disturbance of species and implementation of appropriate assessments (marine) ACTION PLAN FOR NATURE IN THE NETHERLANDS Transposition and designation Prevention of negative impacts Complete the process of the designation of Natura 2000 Determine and execute management plans for all sites sites, including the identification and designation of As soon as possible. marine SPAs (Brown Bank and other qualifying sites). Take action on species protection Climate change adaptation and nature have a natural synergy. Evaluate the nitrogen and nitrates policy on the Natura2000 targets taking into account the accumulating long term effects in the soil. Active management to achieve favourable conservation Funding status Finance true management costs Put results in management plans with automatic back- up actions Monitoring and research Stakeholder engagement Take action on surveillance, control and enforcement.
    [Show full text]
  • IA09 Bulgaria
    Chapter Bulgaria Kina Chuturkova Borislav Boyanov & Co. Georgitsa Petkova 1 Arbitration Agreements number of arbitrators and rules for formation of the arbitral tribunal; procedural rules, rules of evidence; and 1.1 What, if any, are the legal requirements of an arbitration agreement under the laws of Bulgaria? special confidentiality requirements The following legal requirements of an arbitration agreement 1.4 What has been the approach of the national courts to the ("AA") are provided for by the Bulgarian law: enforcement of arbitration agreements? The parties to the AA must have legal capacity to enter into contracts. In principle, national courts are not prevented from hearing a The AA must refer to disputes stemming from or connected dispute with respect to which the parties have entered into an AA. to a specific legal relationship/s. The general agreement that However, if the defendant raises an objection that the dispute the parties shall submit all disputes between them to should be submitted to arbitration the national court shall be obliged arbitration shall be null and void. to examine the validity of the AA and terminate the case before it. The AA may concern disputes which may arise in future or Should the court finds that the AA is null and void or invalid or non- which have already arisen. enforceable, it shall continue the examination of the case. The AA can be related to disputes on the subject of a contract or non-contractual legal relations. 1.5 What has been the approach of the national courts to the The AA must be in writing.
    [Show full text]
  • Natura 2000 & Tourism
    Natura 2000 & tourism Partnerships for Biodiversity European policies and the role of protected areas 2019 Seminar-dialogue 29 October 2019 Presentation by Sofia Pachini, unit ENV.D3 [email protected] • Latest report on natural & cultural heritage in Natura 2000 • Scoping study on tourism and recreational activities in Natura 2000 • Next steps Natural and Cultural Heritage in Europe: Working together within Natura 2000 Photo Naturepl.com https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/manage ment/pdf/Natural_and_Cultural_Heritage_report_2019_WEB.pdf 1.2 Linking natural and cultural heritage The term ‘heritage’ tends to evoke first and foremost the traditional concept of built cultural heritage: impressive monuments and stunning works of art (paintings, literature, music etc..) or archaeological sites, museums, forts and palaces, even modern industrial sites. But this is, in fact, just the tip of the iceberg. Europe is also endowed with a myriad other less tangible forms of cultural heritage, such as local arts and crafts, products (cheese, sausages and other local produce), knowledge, skills, spiritual beliefs and folklore that are deeply rooted in our sense of identity and that have been passed down for generations. This immensely diverse cultural heritage is interwoven with our rich and equally diverse natural heritage. Traditionally, natural and cultural heritage have been seen as completely distinct from one another, and sometimes even as antagonists. Some have expressed the view that ‘Nature ends where culture begins’. Indeed, the transition from nature to culture is not always easy to define: nature could mean all that exists naturally whereas culture only includes items that have been created by man.
    [Show full text]
  • Performing Failure in Conservation Policy. the Implementation of European Union Directives in the Netherlands
    Performing failure in conservation policy. The implementation of European Union directives in the Netherlands. Raoul Beunen1, Kristof Van Assche and Martijn Duineveld This is a revised personal version of the article published in Land Use Policy: Beunen, R., K. Van Assche, M. Duineveld, 2013. Performing failure in conservation policy. The implementation of European Union directives in the Netherlands. Land Use Policy 31 (1): 280-288: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.07.009 1Corresponding author. Dr. ir. Raoul Beunen is Assistant Professor at the Land Use Planning Group at Wageningen University. P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands, tel. +31 317 482 697 [email protected] Dr. ir. Kristof Van Assche, is Associate Professor at the Community Studies Department at Minnesota State Universities. Stewart Hall 337, 720 4th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, [email protected] Dr. ir. Martijn Duineveld is Assistant Professor at the Cultural Geography Group at Wageningen University. P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands [email protected] Abstract. In this article we present the results of a study towards the reality effects of discourses affecting the implementation of Natura 2000 in the Netherlands. The Dutch case shows how fast deinstitutionalization of conservation policies can take place. Traditions of conservation are disrupted as an unintended consequence of international policy. This study shows that conservationists and others involved in nature conservation should pay more attention to the ways in which conservation needs and practices are represented and institutionalized, how these representations become embedded in more general narratives and how the new institutions are bound to be gamed and re-narrated themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Natura 2000: European Wildlife Sites
    Natura 2000: European wildlife sites This leaflet provides information on the law relating to European Union designations to protect wildlife and habitats in England, called Special Protection Areas and Special Areas of Conservation. It is for general guidance only. What are Special Protection Areas (SPAs) and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs)? SPAs and SACs are designated under European laws to protect Europe's rich variety of wildlife and habitats. All European Union member states are required to designate SPAs and SACs and ensure they are properly looked after to protect their biodiversity. Together, SPAs and SACs make up a series of sites across Europe, referred to collectively as Natura 2000 sites. In the UK they are also known as European sites. SPAs are designated under the European Commission's 'Birds Directive' to protect wild birds and their habitats. SACs are designated under the 'Habitats Directive' to conserve habitats and species other than birds that are important in their own right. There are more than 320 Natura 2000 sites in England, nearly 900 in the UK and more than 25,000 throughout Europe. These sites vary in size from a few hectares to hundreds of square kilometres, and protect a huge range of species and habitats, covering moorlands, forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, bogs, estuaries and other wetlands, and many coastal and marine habitats. Some sites include habitats such as disused quarries, canals and buildings which sustain important wildlife populations. How are SPAs and SACs identified? SPAs and SACs are selected using scientific information about the species and habitats that occur in England and their importance to European biodiversity conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Bulgaria
    MONITORING OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS’ RECOMMENDATION CM/REC (2010)5 ON MEASURES TO COMBAT DISCRIMINATION ON GROUNDS OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR GENDER IDENTITY REPORT ON THE REPUBLIC BULGARIA WRITTEN BY: DENITSA LYUBENOVA - ATTORNEY-AT-LAW DENIZA GEORGIEVA Report on the Republic of Bulgaria Background Information 1 Executive Summary 2 RECOMMENDATIONS 5 Purpose of the Report 10 Political System and Demographics 11 Methodology 11 1. Right to life, security and protection from violence 15 “Hate crimes” and other hate-motivated incidents 15 Hate speech 19 2. Freedom of association 19 3. Freedom of expression and peaceful assembly 20 4. Right to respect for private and family life 21 Right to respect for private and family life of same-sex families 21 Right to respect for private and family life of trans and intersex people 28 5. Employment 29 6. Education 31 7. Health 34 8. Housing 38 9. Sports 39 10. Right to seek asylum 40 11. National Human Rights Structures 42 12. Discrimination on multiple grounds 43 Report on the Republic of Bulgaria Background Information In 2010 the Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe adopted the Recommendation on measures to combat discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity1, recognizing that lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons have been for centuries exposed and are still subjected to homophobia, transphobia and other forms of discrimination and social exclusion. This significant document aims to recall that human rights are universal and should guarantee the equal dignity of all human beings and the enjoyment of rights and freedoms of all individuals without discrimination on any ground, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Natura 2000 Protected Area Approach: a Practitioner’S Perspective
    www.iucn.org/parks 79 THE EUROPEAN NATURA 2000 PROTECTED AREA APPROACH: A PRACTITIONER’S PERSPECTIVE Roger Crofts 1* * [email protected], www.rogercrofts.net 1 WCPA Emeritus, Edinburgh, Scotland ABSTRACT Natura 2000 is the first and only regional biodiversity protected area approach in the world. Over its 20 years of existence it has been a positive force for conservation, but it has certain limitations. This paper assesses some of its strengths and weaknesses from a practitioner’s perspective. Overall, the assessment is positive as without it biodiversity loss would probably have been greater, and with it there is a unique transnational approach. The positive aspects identified are the biogeographical framework, pan-European classification of species and habitats, and the political will to implement it. The negative aspects are that it is a static approach to species and habitat conservation, the Natura approach to biodiversity conservation is being undermined by perverse subsidies from other EU funding mechanisms, especially the Common Agricultural Policy, and the effects of development on the fragmentation of habitats are dominant. Also, in practice, there has been a failure to implement wider countryside and connectivity measures. Lessons relevant to other parts of the world are discussed. KEYWORDS: Natura 2000, practitioner’s perspective, perverse subsidies, connectivity, lessons learned INTRODUCTION 1979); it is now known in its amended form as Directive The European Union (EU) programme for the protection 2009/147/EEC. The Directive provides for the of birds, and of species and habitats has been protection, management and control of all species of implemented primarily through Natura 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Natura 2000Isstillunderdevelopment, Covering Anever Richerrange of 1979 Birds Directive Andthe 1992Habitats Directive
    June 2009 Natura 2000 EN NATURE Natura 2000 is the EU-wide network of nature conservation areas set up to ensure the survival of Europe’s most valuable species and habitats. It is not restricted to nature reserves, but based on a much broader principle of conservation and sustainable use, where people and wildlife can live together in harmony. By the end of 2008, the network will comprise more than 25 000 sites, covering around 20 % of the total land area of the EU — around 800 000 km2 — plus 100 000 km2 of marine environment. Natura 2000 is at the heart of EU nature policy and is a remarkable demonstration of Europe’s commitment to act to preserve its rich native biodiversity for future generations. Europe’s wildlife and ecosystems are under threat. The EU has pledged to halt the decline in biodiversity by 2010, and is part of a global agreement to signifi cantly reduce biodiversity loss by that date. Natura 2000 is key to achieving this goal. The network is founded on two pioneering pieces of EU legislation: the 1979 Birds Directive and the 1992 Habitats Directive. Natura 2000 is still under development, covering an ever richer range of European fl ora and fauna. It already off ers protection to over 1 000 rare and threatened animal and plant species and 200 habitat types across the 27 Member States. © Frank Vassen © Frank Fact 1: It is in our interests to save Fact 2: Natura 2000 is a partnership biodiversity between people and wildlife Biodiversity in Europe is under threat: many of Europe’s indigenous Natura 2000 is at the core of EU biodiversity policy: a unique animal species are threatened.
    [Show full text]
  • (PAF) for NATURA 2000 in SLOVENIA
    PRIORITISED ACTION FRAMEWORK (PAF) FOR NATURA 2000 in SLOVENIA pursuant to Article 8 of Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (the Habitats Directive) for the Multiannual Financial Framework period 2021 – 2027 Contact address: Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning Dunajska 48 SI- 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] PAF SI 2019 A. Introduction A.1 General introduction Prioritised action frameworks (PAFs) are strategic multiannual planning tools, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the measures that are needed to implement the EU-wide Natura 2000 network and its associated green infrastructure, specifying the financing needs for these measures and linking them to the corresponding EU funding programmes. In line with the objectives of the EU Habitats Directive1 on which the Natura 2000 network is based, the measures to be identified in the PAFs shall mainly be designed "to maintain and restore, at a favourable conservation status, natural habitats and species of EU importance, whilst taking account of economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local characteristics". The legal basis for the PAF is Article 8 (1) of the Habitats Directive2, which requires Member States to send, as appropriate, to the Commission their estimates relating to the European Union co-financing which they consider necessary to meet their following obligations in relation to Natura 2000: to establish the necessary conservation measures involving, if need be, appropriate management plans specifically designed for the sites or integrated into other development plans, to establish appropriate statutory, administrative or contractual measures which correspond to the ecological requirements of the natural habitat types in Annex I and the species in Annex II present on the sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration of Natura 2000 and Biodiversity Into Eu Funding (Eafrd, Erdf, Cf, Emff, Esf)
    INTEGRATION OF NATURA 2000 AND BIODIVERSITY INTO EU FUNDING (EAFRD, ERDF, CF, EMFF, ESF) ANALYSIS OF A SELECTION OF OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES APPROVED FOR 2014-2020 The N2K Group E Integration of Natura 2000 and biodiversity into EU funding (EAFRD, ERDF, CF, EMFF, ESF). Analysis of a selection of operational programmes approved for 2014-2020 European Commission, 2016 Reproduction authorised provided the source is acknowledged. All photos are under copyright. This document has been prepared for the European Commission by the N2K GROUP under contract N° 070202/2014/692494/SER/B3 ‘Technical and scientific support in re- lation to the Habitats and Birds Directives’. Acknowledgements: The analysis of the Operational Programmes has been coordinated by Concha Olmeda, with the contribution of the following experts: Ernesto Ruiz, David García Calvo, Mariella Fourli, Nelly Papazova, Milan Janak, Dobromil Galvanek, Anja Finje, Seppo Vuolanto, Pawel Pawlaczyk, Nathaniel Page, Razvan Popa (N2K Group). Marianne Kettunen and Evelyn Underwood (IEEP). Front cover photo: Sierra Morena, Spain. Aixa Sopeña. All photos in the document: Atecma photo archive Layout: Diego Ruiz TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i-vi 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. EU FUNDING FOR NATURA 2000 AND BIODIVERSITY 2 2.1 Strengthening the integration approach 2 2.2 Results and lessons learnt from the previous financial period 3 3. INTEGRATION OF RELEVANT OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES INTO THE EU FUNDING PROGRAMMES 5 3.1 Investment priorities in the current financial framework (2014-2020) 5 3.2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES (EAFRD) 7 3.2.1 Priorities and measures targeted at Natura 2000 and protected habitats and species 7 3.2.2 Allocation of resources to Natura 2000/biodiversity in the RDPs analysed 20 3.2.3 Expected results/outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Opinion on the Draft Law on Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence of Ukraine
    Warsaw, 31 July 2013 Opinion-Nr.: DV-UKR/232/2013 (AlC) www.legislationline.org OPINION ON THE DRAFT LAW ON PREVENTING AND COMBATING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OF UKRAINE based on English translations of the draft law and other selected legal texts provided by the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Ulica Miodowa 10 PL-00-251 Warsaw ph. +48 22 520 06 00 fax. +48 22 520 0605 OSCE/ODIHR Opinion on the draft Law on Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence in Ukraine TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................3 II. SCOPE OF REVIEW ...............................................................................................................3 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................4 IV. ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................7 1. International Documents on Preventing and Combating Domestic violence ......................7 2. General Comments ..............................................................................................................9 3. Definitions under Articles 1 and 3 of the Draft Law .........................................................10 4. Grounds for Taking Measures for Preventing and Combating Domestic Violence ..........15 5. Rights of Victims of Domestic Violence ...........................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • The Value of Natura 2000
    Science for Environment Policy FUTURE BRIEF: The Value of Natura 2000 May 2015 Issue 12 Environment Science for Environment Policy This Future Brief is written and edited by the Science The Value of Natura 2000 Communication Unit, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol Email: [email protected] Contents To cite this publication: Science for Environment Policy (2015) The Value of Natura 2000 Future Brief 12. Brief produced for the European Commission Introduction 3 DG Environment. Bristol: Science Communication Unit, 1. What is the value of Natura 2000 for UWE. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/science-environment-policy biodiversity protection? 4 2. What is the value of Natura 2000 in terms of benefits to people? 7 Acknowledgements We wish to thank the scientific advisor, Olaf Bastian (Nature 3. What is the economic value of Natura 2000? 8 conservation authority, Dresden) for his input to this report. Conclusions 10 Final responsibility for the content and accuracy of the report, however, lies solely with the author. References 11 Images Page 3: The critically endangered Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus). Reproduced with permission from Programa de conservacion ex-situ del lince Iberico. http://www.lynxexsitu.es/ Page 5: Golden Eagle ©istockphoto.com/Neil_Burton. Page 6: Landmannalaugar, Fjallabak Nature Reserve ©istockphoto.com/Fyletto Page 7: Common European adder. CC BY 3.0 Benny Trapp, Wikimedia Commons, 2009. http://commons.wikimedia.org/ About Science for Environment Policy wiki/File:Benny_Trapp_Vipera_berus.jpg Science for Environment Policy is a free news Page 9 : Azores bullfinch Pyrrhula murina Pico da Vara Sao and information service published by the European Miguel.
    [Show full text]