DOCSLIB.ORG

Settling in and Holding On: a Socio-Economic History of Northern Traders and Transporters in Accra's Tudu, 1908-2008 Ntewusu, S.A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Settling in and Holding On: a Socio-Economic History of Northern Traders and Transporters in Accra's Tudu, 1908-2008 Ntewusu, S.A Settling in and holding on: a socio-economic history of northern traders and transporters in Accra's Tudu, 1908-2008 Ntewusu, S.A. Citation Ntewusu, S. A. (2012). Settling in and holding on: a socio-economic history of northern traders and transporters in Accra's Tudu, 1908-2008. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19014 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/19014 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Settling in and holding on African Studies Centre African Studies Collection, vol. 40 Settling in and holding on A socio-economic history of northern traders and transporters in Accra’s Tudu, 1908-2008 Ntewusu Samuel Aniegye Published by: Africa Studies Centre P.O.Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden [email protected] www.ascleiden.nl Cover design: Heike Slingerland Cover photo: Courtesy of the Information Services Department, Accra. Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede ISSN: 1876-018X ISBN: 978-90-5448-112-6 © Ntewusu Samuel Aniegye, 2012 Dedicated to Professor Ato Quayson Professor Shella-Clarke Ekong Mr Paul Konde Queen Mary Davies Contents List of maps x List of photos x Acknowledgement xi INTRODUCTION 1 Braimah 1 The people of Accra: An overview of the literature 3 Braimah continued 10 Motivation 13 Comparative literature: Accra as a city 14 Northerners in Accra: From slavery to structural adjustment 18 Prospectus of the chapters 25 1 THE FOUNDATION OF TUDU AND URBAN GROWTH OF ACCRA 27 Introduction 27 The founding of Tudu: New beginnings 30 Of Tudu and Adabraka: Resolving the misconception 32 The northern section 34 The non-northern group: The African middle-class and the Lebanese 46 Danwana and the Lebanese 53 Conclusion 57 2 FROM KAYAKAYA TO KAYAYOO: HEAD-LOAD PORTAGE IN TUDU 58 Introduction 58 Migration and the kayakaya presence in Accra: An historical appraisal 60 The era of carriers: 1908-1980 61 The era of female porters (kayaye): 1980 to the present 67 Doing kayakaya in Tudu: Establishing networks 70 Operations and utilisation of kayaye 76 Competition, ambition and leisure 79 Problems of kayaye in Tudu 81 Case history 1: Salamata Abdulai 86 Case history 2: Asana Zakari 88 Conclusion 89 vii 3 KYEKYEDOKYE (THE HORSE BICYCLE) IN ACCRA’S TRANSPORT HISTORY 91 Introduction 91 Getting a horse for trucking 92 Buying the horse and fixing the cart 94 Transport groups in Tudu 95 Utilising horses in urban Accra 96 Competition and constraints 106 Life history 1: Imoru Mabolaji Peregrino Braimah – The supplier of horses 107 Life history 2: Abbas Adamu – The transporter 108 Conclusion 111 4 CONNECTING THE CITY: MOTOR CARS, LORRY PARKS AND ROUTES IN TUDU 113 Introduction 113 The historical context of transport and goods in Accra 114 The motor vehicle and early development of motorised transport 116 Emerging trends and lorry parks in Accra: Population change, urban expansion and markets 119 Tudu Lorry Park in focus 123 An historical account of the evolution of routes and destinations in Tudu Lorry Park 126 Competition and survival in Tudu’s transport hub 134 The Tudu Drivers Association 137 Conclusion 138 5 A NUT OF ESSENCE: KOLA-NUT TRADE IN TUDU 139 Introduction 139 Sources and usefulness of kola nuts: Insights from Tudu and Accra 141 The Yoruba kola traders in Tudu 146 The Kotokoli kola traders in Tudu 147 Transportation and kola-nut trade 154 Kolo-nut trade and leadership in Tudu: Sarikin Zongo and Maigida in comparative perspective 159 The collapse of Sarikin Tudu and emergence of Maigida 162 Conclusion 164 viii 6 LINKING THE NORTH TO THE SOUTH: THE SHEA-BUTTER TRADE IN TUDU 165 Introduction 165 Importance of shea butter in Tudu 168 Shea-butter trade in Tudu: New beginnings 170 The canoe traders: Ntrapo and Ada 170 Motor transportation, ex-servicemen and Gonja women 173 New technology, packaging and the emergence of a new trader class 178 Dagomba traders: New opportunities 180 Nkuwurche and shea-butter trade in Tudu 182 Conclusion 184 7 FROM NORTHERN TRADERS TO SOUTHERN QUEENS: TOMATO TRADE IN TUDU 185 Introduction 185 Demand for tomatoes 185 Sources of tomato supply to Tudu 186 Transportation and tomato trade in Tudu 192 Interpreters and sorters in the tomato trade in Tudu 195 Basket makers and carpenters 196 The Tudu Tomato Sellers Association 199 Conclusion 204 8 CONCLUSION 205 Annex: Sources and methodology 209 References 214 ix List of maps 1 Map of West Africa and Ghana, showing some of the northern ethnic groups who migrated to Accra 4 2 Map of Accra showing the study area and some important settlements in Accra 29 3 Map of Tudu showing the various sections 29 4 Routes and destinations at Tudu Lorry Park, 2008 127 List of photos 1.1 Parts of Accra including Tudu prior to 1918 40 1.2 House of one of the elite in Tudu, Lawyer Sawyer, built in 1921 49 2.1 One of the caregivers with children at Tudu Lorry Park 73 2.2 Kayaye carrying yams in carrier pans to Tudu Lorry Park 75 3.1 A horse used to carry timber at the Timber Market in Accra 101 3.2 Group of horse-drawn transporters wait for load at the railway station in Accra 101 3.3 A section of the Yoruba community celebrating the 2008 Id-ul-Fitre at Tudu on hired horses 105 3.4 Abbas returns to Tudu after attending the Independence Day celebration in 1957 111 4.1 Tudu Lorry Park in the 1950s 124 4.2 Tudu Lorry Park in 1973 124 4.3 Tudu Lorry Park in 2008 125 4.4 One of the vehicles plying the western route (Accra-Sekondi) parked at a lorry park 133 5.1 A lorry-park guard buying kola from a trader at the entrance of Tudu Lorry Park 144 5.2 Choukoutou, the local beer of the Kotokoli, now replaced by kola nuts 149 5.3 Fruits of the sandpaper tree (Ficus sycomorus), now replaced by kola nuts in the Nawuri area of Northern Region 153 6.1 Shea butter trees located along the Tamale-Salaga road 166 6.2 Shea butter packed in sacks and covered with calabashes in a store at Timber Market 177 7.1 Off-loading tomatoes at Tudu Lorry Park on a busy monday morning 193 7.2a Samples of the Chinese plastic containers in the office of the Tomato Sellers Sellers Association in Tudu 198 7.2b The old wooden boxes with inscriptions 198 7.3 A signboard on display at the Tomato Market in Tudu 199 x Acknowledgement ‘Ase Kusuun’, literally meaning ‘Thanks for Work’ in Nawuri-Guan, is used for any good work done. It is customary for me to say Ase Kusuun to my super- visors, family, friends and mentors. My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr Jan-Bart Gewald for his patience, care, concern and critical academic insights and guidance, which went a long way to enrich this book. I want to equally acknowledge the contribution of Professor Mirjam de Bruijn and Professor Robert Ross who in spite of their very busy schedules did all they could to see this study through. The moral support from Rijk van Dijk, the ‘resident Ghanaian Abusuapanin’ at the African Studies Centre (ASC), Leiden, is gratefully acknow- ledged. Our frequent chat in ‘broken’ Twi had kept me in constant psychological touch with Ghana and helped relieve me of boredom. My sincere appreciation goes to the ASC in Leiden, and the Connections & Transformation research group at the Centre, for providing me with the necessary funds to begin and complete this study. From 2007 until 2010 the Centre pro- vided a continuous monthly stipend, research funds and even funds for me to attend conferences and to present papers. I benefitted much from such confer- ences in addition to contributions from members of the group who through the weekly and monthly seminars and presentations gave me a platform to present my findings and obtained in the same manner suggestions and contributions which proved very beneficial to each chapter in the book. I am grateful to members of the Secretariat and the Library staff of the ASC, especially Maaike Westra, Gitty Petit, Ella Verkaik, Inge Butter and Inge Ligtvoet. They have al- ways helped me with office allocations, residence arrangements and academic materials. The following deserve commendation for their insightful comments and the gift of their time: Professor Ato Quayson, Mary Elizabeth Davies (Queenzabeth), Mr. Nunoo Amatefio, Walter Gam Nkwi, Sebastiaan Soeters, Doreen Setome, Linda van de Kamp, Iva Pesa, Dr Edward Nanbigne, Benjamin Kwansah, Emma- nuel Asiedu-Acquah, Edem Adotey, George Bob-Miller, Arthur-Entsiwah Em- manuel, Stephen Anti and Joseph Anati. I am also grateful to Professor Irene Odotei for her motherly care, academic guidance and comments on my chapters. I want to acknowledge Professor Taky- iwaa Manuh, the former Director of the Institute of African Studies (IAS), Legon, for granting me permission and her blessings for me to embark on the study. The current director of the Institute, Professor Akosua Adomako Ampofo, xi deserves commendation for continuously encouraging me to work hard and pursue my academic objectives. My very sincere gratitude goes to staff of the National and Regional Archives in London, Accra, Kumasi, Tamale, Takoradi and Koforidua, as well as the library staff of the Institute of African Studies who helped in uncovering relevant materials related to my work. Many people granted me interviews, whom I cannot mention all here. But special mention needs to be made of Abdulai, Paa Joe, Nunoo Amateifio, Babs alias ‘I walk Alone’, Hajia Fati, Sister Foli and staff of the Tudu Drivers Union.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Tomato Industry in Ghana Today: Traders' Perspective
    THE TOMATO INDUSTRY IN GHANA TODAY: TRADERS’ PERSPECTIVE The Ghana National Tomato Traders and Transporters Association (GNTTTA) is a key informal economy player in Ghana. It is also a key player in regional integration because of its trade links with Togo, Benin and Burkina Faso, as well as the consequent massive flow of people and resources among players, partners and participating States, in line with ECOWAS protocols. The Association is predominantly female. Partnered by its transport wing, which is strategically located in Kumasi, buyers use the services of cargo truck drivers owned by Ghanaian transporters to buy from farm gates in Ghana during the rain-fed period from June 15 to December 15. From December 15 to May 30, the lean season/cross border trade takes place, with supplies coming from farm gates in Burkina Faso and the Upper East. The Upper East harvest periods run from December 15 to March 15, whilst production by Burkinabe producers run from the same period in December beyond May 15. In fact, this year, Burkina Faso stepped up production up to June 30. Regrettably, since 2006, supplies from the Upper East have been running low, until last year, when the Region failed to supply even a single crate to the GNTTTA market, owing to production and marketing challenges. This is in spite of a DFID UK intervention to step into SADA’s shoes and revamp production in SADA Zones nationwide and a media campaigns in that regard. Consequently, they have switched to soya, rice, maize etc. For the local trade, the GNTTTA collects its supplies for the various markets in Ghana from farm gates in Nsawam, Suhum and communities in the Fanteakwa District, also in the Eastern Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Seismic Activities in Ghana
    Recent seismic activities in Ghana: The role of the National Data Centre (NDC) T5.2 – P28 Paulina Amponsah1 and Yaw Serfor Armah2 1National Data Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P O Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana 2Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences Introduction Contact: [email protected] The establishment of the National Data Centre (NDC) in Ghana in 2010 has helped the country with its seismic hazard studies. Ghana has a major fault line stretching from the McCarthy Hills area in Accra westwards towards Kasoa-Nyanyanu area in the Central Region and eastwards towards the Akwapim Range all the way to the Volta Region. The epicenter of the fault line is thought to be located around Nyanyanu. Since 1939, when Ghana experienced its severest earthquake which caused a lot of damage with a magnitude of over 6.0 on the Richter scale, there have been reported occurrences of earth tremors in recent times. Kasoa and parts of Accra; Weija, Gbawe, McCarthy Hills, Bortianor, Anyaa and their adjoining areas have experienced a series of Briefing before fieldwork earth tremors which have thrown residents into fear and panic. NADMO and NDC staff Lecture session Seismologists have warned that the continuous earth tremors should not be taken for granted.. The tremors were recorded on 24 March, 2018, 9 Conclusion December, 2018 and January - March 2019 with magnitude ranging from 3.0 to 4.8 on the Richter scale. Through the briefing and interview sessions, the realization was that: . Most of the people were aware that they live in an earthquake prone area but had no measures put in place to mitigate it in any form.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (Gsgda) Ii, 2014-2017
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA MEDIUM-TERM NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK GHANA SHARED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AGENDA (GSGDA) II, 2014-2017 VOLUME I: POLICY FRAMEWORK GOVERNMENT OF GHANA NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING COMMISSION (NDPC) DECEMBER 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................................................................................. III LIST OF ACRONYMS ...................................................................................................................................................... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... XIII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 PROCESS OF PREPARING THE FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 RECENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................................ 3 1.5 MEDIUM-TERM
    [Show full text]
  • 20727 Report
    AA CivilCivil SocietySociety ForumForum forfor AnglophoneAnglophone WestWest AfricaAfrica onon PromotingPromoting andand ProtectingProtecting thethe RightsRights ofof StreetStreet ChildrenChildren 21-24 October 2003 - Accra, Ghana 00Organised by Consortium for Street Children In partnership with Street Child Africa (SCA) and Catholic Action for Street Children (CAS) Working collaboratively with its members, the Consortium for Street Children (CSC) co-ordinates a network for distributing information and sharing expertise around the world. Representing the voice of many, we speak as one for the rights of street children wherever they may be. Formed in 1993, the Consortium for Street Children (CSC) is a network of non-governmental organisations, which work with street-living children, street working children, and children at risk of taking to life on the streets. CSC’s work is firmly rooted in the standards enshrined in the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Its efforts are focused on building its member agencies’ capacity to work with street children and on advocacy in the areas of child rights, poverty alleviation and social exclusion. Acknowledgements Consortium for Street Children (CSC) wishes to thank our donors: Comic Relief (UK) and Plan Netherlands, and our partners: Commonwealth Foundation (UK), the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) of the British High Commission and Plan Ghana, for supporting participants to attend the forum. We extend our appreciation to Catholic Action for Street Children (CAS) for organising and facilitating the field study during the forum and for providing the valuable opportunity for all participants to have first hand experience of street work in Accra, Ghana. Our thanks also go to Taysec Gh.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Gazette
    GHANA GAZETTE Published by Authority CONTENTS PAGE Facility with Long Term Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 1236 Facility with Provisional Licence … … … … … … … … … … … … 201 Page | 1 HEALTH FACILITIES WITH LONG TERM LICENCE AS AT 12/01/2021 (ACCORDING TO THE HEALTH INSTITUTIONS AND FACILITIES ACT 829, 2011) TYPE OF PRACTITIONER DATE OF DATE NO NAME OF FACILITY TYPE OF FACILITY LICENCE REGION TOWN DISTRICT IN-CHARGE ISSUE EXPIRY DR. THOMAS PRIMUS 1 A1 HOSPITAL PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI KUMASI KUMASI METROPOLITAN KPADENOU 19 June 2019 18 June 2022 PROF. JOSEPH WOAHEN 2 ACADEMY CLINIC LIMITED CLINIC LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE MAMPONG KUMASI METROPOLITAN ACHEAMPONG 05 October 2018 04 October 2021 MADAM PAULINA 3 ADAB SAB MATERNITY HOME MATERNITY HOME LONG TERM ASHANTI BOHYEN KUMASI METRO NTOW SAKYIBEA 04 April 2018 03 April 2021 DR. BEN BLAY OFOSU- 4 ADIEBEBA HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG-TERM ASHANTI ADIEBEBA KUMASI METROPOLITAN BARKO 07 August 2019 06 August 2022 5 ADOM MMROSO MATERNITY HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI BROFOYEDU-KENYASI KWABRE MR. FELIX ATANGA 23 August 2018 22 August 2021 DR. EMMANUEL 6 AFARI COMMUNITY HOSPITAL LIMITED PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI AFARI ATWIMA NWABIAGYA MENSAH OSEI 04 January 2019 03 January 2022 AFRICAN DIASPORA CLINIC & MATERNITY MADAM PATRICIA 7 HOME HEALTH CENTRE LONG TERM ASHANTI ABIREM NEWTOWN KWABRE DISTRICT IJEOMA OGU 08 March 2019 07 March 2022 DR. JAMES K. BARNIE- 8 AGA HEALTH FOUNDATION PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI OBUASI OBUASI MUNICIPAL ASENSO 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 DR. JOSEPH YAW 9 AGAPE MEDICAL CENTRE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI EJISU EJISU JUABEN MUNICIPAL MANU 15 March 2019 14 March 2022 10 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION -ASOKORE PRIMARY HOSPITAL LONG TERM ASHANTI ASOKORE KUMASI METROPOLITAN 30 July 2018 29 July 2021 AHMADIYYA MUSLIM MISSION HOSPITAL- DR.
    [Show full text]
  • South Dayi District
    SOUTH DAYI DISTRICT i Copyright © 2014 Ghana Statistical Service ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT No meaningful developmental activity can be undertaken without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, in addition to its socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. A population census is the most important source of data on the size, composition, growth and distribution of a country’s population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of national resources and government services, including the allocation of government funds among various regions, districts and other sub-national populations to education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users, especially the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies, with district-level analytical reports based on the 2010 PHC data to facilitate their planning and decision-making. The District Analytical Report for the South Dayi District is one of the 216 district census reports aimed at making data available to planners and decision makers at the district level. In addition to presenting the district profile, the report discusses the social and economic dimensions of demographic variables and their implications for policy formulation, planning and interventions. The conclusions and recommendations drawn from the district report are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence- based decision-making, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • "Anora'S Report on the Anyinam
    Basel Mission Archives "Anora's Report on the Anyinam District in 1886" Title: "Anora's Report on the Anyinam District in 1886" Ref. number: D-01.45.IV..71 Date: Proper date: 31.12.1886 Description: Describing his community of 37 he writes that some of them are emancipated slaves from Kwahu. But they only stop in Anyinam for two or three years, and then go on ’to the wilderness' (marginal comment by a missionary 'he means the coast') 'to join their fellows; so they are lost to the community. Other Christians are Kwahus. There are only two Anyinam natives in the community. 2 Anyinam people are catechumen, two ex-slaves also, and some children. Of his 8 pupils in the community school, 3 had graduated to the Kibi school. Kwabeng - most of the children of the Christians are not baptised because the mothers are still heathen and will not allow it. Nevertheless there are 15-l7 scholars in Khabeng. He is well contented with the people in Asunafo. They work well together. 12-24 children in the community school. Both in Tumfa and Akropong there were exclusions for adultery. Subject: [Archives catalogue]: Guides / Finding aids: Archives: D - Ghana: D-01 - Incoming correspondence from Ghana up to the outbreak of the First World War: D-01.45 - Ghana 1886: D-01.45.IV. - Begoro Type: Text Ordering: Please contact us by email [email protected] Contact details: Basel Mission Archives/ mission 21, Missionstrasse 21, 4003 Basel, tel. (+41 61 260 2232), fax: (+41 61 260 2268), [email protected] Rights: All the images (photographic and non- photographic) made available in this collection are the property of the Basel Mission / mission 21.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Conents
    i TABLE OF CONENTS ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................................ VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 3 2.0 PERFORMANCE OF KEY INDICATORS ........................................................................ 3 2.1. INDICATORS ON CWSA REFORM PROGRAM ........................................................... 3 2.1.1 Performance of Financial and Economic Indicators ........................................................ 3 2.1.2 Performance of Efficiency and Productivity Indicators................................................... 4 2.1.2.1 Water Supply Systems .................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2.2 Sanitation Indicators ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2.3 Community Capacity Building Indicators ..................................................................... 4 2.1.3 Performance of Dynamic/Management Improvement Indicators .................................. 7 2.1.4 Technical and Operational Indicators ............................................................................... 8 3.0 HUMAN RESOURCES AND GENERAL ADMINISTRATION ...................................... 9 3.1 MANAGEMENT
    [Show full text]
  • An English Speaking Country Ghana
    Ghana – an English speaking country A global perspective in English classes Finanziert durch: Pia Kranz Esther Mumuni Introduction Table of contents Introduction 2 Chapter schedule 5 Chapter 1: First steps into Ghana (B1) 6 On DVD: Pictures to Main exercise C Chapter 2: Weekdays in Ghana (A2) 21 On DVD: Pictures to Main exercise A Chapter 3: Globalisation on Ghana’s markets and Ghanaian culinary art (B1) 32 On DVD: Pictures to Introduction A, Exercise A, Conclusion Chapter 4: The impact of festivals and traditions in the Ghanaian and German culture (B1) 44 On DVD: Pictures to Introduction A, Main exercise A Chapter5: Business location Ghana – The consequences of economic growth, gold mining and tourism (B2) 57 Chapter 6: Cocoa production in Ghana (B2) 73 On DVD: Pictures to Main exercise B Chapter 7: Conservation of natural resources – A global responsibility (B2) 83 On DVD: Pictures to Introduction A Chapter 8: What is culture? New perspectives on Ghana and Germany (B2) 91 Chapter 9: Modern media – Electrical explosion in the world and it effects on Ghana (C1) 102 On DVD: Pictures to Main exercise B Ghana – an English speaking country | dvv international 2013 | 1 Introduction Introduction This English book is addressed to English teachers in adult education centres and provides an opportunity to integrate global learning into language courses with the main focus on language acquisition In an age of globalisation the world is drawing closer together and ecological and economic sustainable development has become
    [Show full text]
  • The Volt a Resettlement Experience
    The Volt a Resettlement Experience edited, by ROBERT CHAMBERS PALL MALL PRESS LONDON in association with Volta River Authority University of Science and Technology Accra Kumasi INSTITUTI OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES LIBRARY Published by the Pall Mall Press Ltd 5 Cromwell Place, London swj FIRST PUBLISHED 1970 © Pall Mall Press, 1970 SBN 269 02597 9 Printed in Great Britain by Western Printing Services Ltd Bristol I CONTENTS PREFACE Xlll FOREWORD I SIR ROBERT JACKSON I. INTRODUCTION IO ROBERT CHAMBERS The Preparatory Commission Policy: Self-Help with Incentives, 12 Precedents, Pressures and Delays, 1956-62, 17 Formulating a New Policy, 1961-63, 24 2. THE ORGANISATION OF RESETTLEMENT 34 E. A. K. KALITSI Organisation and Staffing, 35 Evolution of Policy, 39 Housing and compensation policy, 39; Agricultural policy, 41; Regional planning policy, 42 Execution, 44 Demarcation, 44; Valuation, 45; Social survey, 46; Site selection, 49; Clearing and construction, 52; Evacuation, 53; Farming, 55 Costs and Achievements, 56 3. VALUATION, ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATION FOR PURPOSES OF RESETTLEMENT 58 K. AMANFO SAGOE Scope and Scale of the Exercise, 59 Public and Private Rights Affected, 61 Ethical and Legal Bases for the Government's Compensation Policies, 64 Valuation and Compensation for Land, Crops and Buildings, 67 Proposals for Policy in Resettlements, 72 Conclusion, 75 v CONTENTS 4. THE SOCIAL SURVEY 78 D. A. P. BUTCHER Purposes and Preparation, 78 Executing the Survey, 80 Processing and Analysis of Data, 82 Immediate Usefulness, 83 Future Uses for the Survey Data, 86 Social Aspects of Housing and the New Towns, 88 Conclusion, 90 5. SOCIAL WELFARE IO3 G.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Markets in the American Retail Landscape: African
    ETHNIC MARKETS IN THE AMERICAN RETAIL LANDSCAPE: AFRICAN MARKETS IN COLUMBUS, CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, AND AKRON, OHIO A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Hyiamang Safo Odoom December 2012 Dissertation written by Hyiamang Safo Odoom B.A., University of Ghana,Ghana, 1980 M.S., University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 1991 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2012 Approved by ___________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee David H. Kaplan, Ph.D. ___________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Milton E. Harvey, Ph.D. ___________________________, Sarah Smiley, Ph.D. ___________________________, Steven Brown, Ph.D. ___________________________, Polycarp Ikuenobe, Ph.D. Accepted by ___________________________, Chair, Department of Geography Mandy Munro-Stasiuk, Ph.D. ___________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Timothy S. Moerland, Ph.D. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER ONE: THE AFRICAN MARKET/GROCERY STORE .................................1 Introduction…………………….……………………………….………………….1 What is a Market/African Market? ..........................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Public Transport in Ghana
    Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Public transport in Ghana : assessment of opportunities to improve the capacity of the Kejetia public transport terminal in Kumasi, Ghana van Hoeven, Nathalie Award date: 1999 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain ASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE CAPACITY OF THE KEJETIA PUBLIC TRANSPORT TERMINAL IN KUMASI, GHANA I APPENDICES N. van Hoeven December 1999 Supervisors Eindhoven University of Technology Drs. H. C.J.J. Gaiflard Ir. E.L.C. van Egmond-de Wilde de Ligny Faculty of Technology Management Department of International Technology and Development Studies Ir. A. W.J. Borgers Faculty of Building Engineering Department of Planning In co-operation with Dr.
    [Show full text]