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A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short). -
Asteroid Regolith Weathering: a Large-Scale Observational Investigation
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2019 Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation Eric Michael MacLennan University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation MacLennan, Eric Michael, "Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5467 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Eric Michael MacLennan entitled "Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Geology. Joshua P. Emery, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Jeffrey E. Moersch, Harry Y. McSween Jr., Liem T. Tran Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Asteroid Regolith Weathering: A Large-Scale Observational Investigation A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Eric Michael MacLennan May 2019 © by Eric Michael MacLennan, 2019 All Rights Reserved. -
The Long Now Foundation, Established in 1996, Is a Private Organization That Seeks to Become the Seed of a Very Long-Term Cultural Institution
Long Now Foundation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Long Now Foundation, established in 1996, is a private organization that seeks to become the seed of a very long-term cultural institution. It aims to provide a counterpoint to what it views as today's "faster/cheaper" mindset and to promote "slower/better" thinking. The Long Now Foundation hopes to creatively foster responsibility in the framework of the next 10,000 years. To emphasize this horizon, the group writes years using five digits instead of four: 02010 instead of 2010. Contents 1 Projects 1.1 Clock of the Long Now 1.2 Rosetta Project 1.3 Long Bet Project 1.4 Seminars About Long-term Thinking 2 Quotes 3 Board members 4 Seminars 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Projects The Foundation has several ongoing projects, including a 10,000-year clock known as the Clock of the Long Now, the Rosetta Project, the Long Bet Project, the open source Timeline Tool (also known as Longviewer), the Long Server and a monthly seminar series. Clock of the Long Now The purpose of the Clock of the Long Now is to construct a timepiece that will operate with minimum human intervention for ten millennia. It is to be constructed of durable materials, to be easy to repair, and to be made of largely valueless materials in case knowledge of the Clock is lost or it is deemed to be of no value to an individual or possible future civilization; in this way it is hoped that the Clock will not be looted or destroyed. -
Patrick Moore's Practical Astronomy Series
Patrick Moore’s Practical Astronomy Series Other Titles in this Series Navigating the Night Sky Astronomy of the Milky Way How to Identify the Stars and The Observer’s Guide to the Constellations Southern/Northern Sky Parts 1 and 2 Guilherme de Almeida hardcover set Observing and Measuring Visual Mike Inglis Double Stars Astronomy of the Milky Way Bob Argyle (Ed.) Part 1: Observer’s Guide to the Observing Meteors, Comets, Supernovae Northern Sky and other transient Phenomena Mike Inglis Neil Bone Astronomy of the Milky Way Human Vision and The Night Sky Part 2: Observer’s Guide to the How to Improve Your Observing Skills Southern Sky Michael P. Borgia Mike Inglis How to Photograph the Moon and Planets Observing Comets with Your Digital Camera Nick James and Gerald North Tony Buick Telescopes and Techniques Practical Astrophotography An Introduction to Practical Astronomy Jeffrey R. Charles Chris Kitchin Pattern Asterisms Seeing Stars A New Way to Chart the Stars The Night Sky Through Small Telescopes John Chiravalle Chris Kitchin and Robert W. Forrest Deep Sky Observing Photo-guide to the Constellations The Astronomical Tourist A Self-Teaching Guide to Finding Your Steve R. Coe Way Around the Heavens Chris Kitchin Visual Astronomy in the Suburbs A Guide to Spectacular Viewing Solar Observing Techniques Antony Cooke Chris Kitchin Visual Astronomy Under Dark Skies How to Observe the Sun Safely A New Approach to Observing Deep Space Lee Macdonald Antony Cooke The Sun in Eclipse Real Astronomy with Small Telescopes Sir Patrick Moore and Michael Maunder Step-by-Step Activities for Discovery Transit Michael K. -
GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution
GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy Special Publications No. 1 George Herbig in 1960 —————————————————————– GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution —————————————————————– Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 640 North Aohoku Place Hilo, HI 96720 USA . Dedicated to Hannelore Herbig c 2016 by Bo Reipurth Version 1.0 – April 19, 2016 Cover Image: The HH 24 complex in the Lynds 1630 cloud in Orion was discov- ered by Herbig and Kuhi in 1963. This near-infrared HST image shows several collimated Herbig-Haro jets emanating from an embedded multiple system of T Tauri stars. Courtesy Space Telescope Science Institute. This book can be referenced as follows: Reipurth, B. 2016, http://ifa.hawaii.edu/SP1 i FOREWORD I first learned about George Herbig’s work when I was a teenager. I grew up in Denmark in the 1950s, a time when Europe was healing the wounds after the ravages of the Second World War. Already at the age of 7 I had fallen in love with astronomy, but information was very hard to come by in those days, so I scraped together what I could, mainly relying on the local library. At some point I was introduced to the magazine Sky and Telescope, and soon invested my pocket money in a subscription. Every month I would sit at our dining room table with a dictionary and work my way through the latest issue. In one issue I read about Herbig-Haro objects, and I was completely mesmerized that these objects could be signposts of the formation of stars, and I dreamt about some day being able to contribute to this field of study. -
THE CLOCK of the LONG NOW - a Talk by Stewart Brand
THE CLOCK OF THE LONG NOW - A Talk by Stewart Brand http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/brand/ The Third About Edge Edge Home Features Press Subscribe Culture Edge Editions Search THE CLOCK OF THE LONG NOW A Talk by Stewart Brand [11.24.98] Introduction by John Brockman When Danny Hillis first started talking about his 10,000 year clock, many of his friends worried that he was going through some kind of mid-life crisis. I was one of them. But eventually we all started listening. A group of Danny's friends, led by Stewart Brand, got together and created "The Long Now Foundation" (http://www.longnow.org/) to build the clock, and also to begin to address the bigger issue involved: how to get people to think in a longer term, how to stretch out their sense of time. It's fitting that Stewart Brand got behind Danny's project. When I met him in 1965 he was sporting a button on which was printed: "America Needs Indians." His next conceptual piece was his 1968 campaign for a picture of "The Whole Earth", which led, in no small part, to the creation of the ecology movement. In the 1983 he urged me to get involved with something called "online conferencing." This led to "The WELL," (the Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link"), a precursor of the radical changes that our use of the Internet is bringing to human communications. Stewart is the king of initially obscure, ultimately compelling conceptual art. Call it reality. A couple of years ago he was featured on the cover of The Los Angeles Times Magazine: "Always two steps ahead of others.....(he) is the least recognized, most influential thinker in America." No question about it. -
Observing Variable Nebulae Variable Nebulae Available to Amateur Observers Seen Again Until 1890 When It Was Barely Recovered by E
THE BAA OBSERVERS’ WORKSHOPS Cambridge Winchester York 2003 February 15 2003 April 26 2003 September 6 Dr Nick Hewitt continues our series of extracts from the talks at the Observers’ Workshops. Observing Workshop No. 1: The Institute of Astronomy, variable nebulae Cambridge 2003 February 15 by Nick Hewitt mechanisms are different and amateur Hubble while at Mount Wilson Observa- Introduction observation is difficult. tory. In 1916 he compared past photo- YSOs are formed in the molecular graphic plates of the nebula that showed Most deep sky observers enjoy their clouds to be found in the spiral arms in changes in brightness and dark areas on Universe for the aesthetic beauty on the Milky Way galaxy. We can only see the ‘fan’ of the nebula that did not display, and to strive to pull out detail in the nearer examples, though presumably correspond to the variations in R their quarry, or capture the gossamer the phenomenon is common. But many Monocerotis itself. This prompted Carl detail by drawing, by photographs, or YSOs are obscured in the dusty and Lampland, a pioneer astrophotographer at more recently using CCDs. Only a gaseous regions of the Galaxy. The Lowell Observatory, to take over 1000 minority consider doing real science and nearest dark molecular clouds are in photographs of the nebula between 1919 pursuing any of the deep sky observing Taurus, and indeed many YSOs are to be and 1951. Much was gleaned from this projects that the British Astronomical found there, but anywhere where there is work, and his observations are still used Association promotes. -
Asteroid Observations at Low Phase Angles. IV. Average Parameters for the New H, G1, G2 Magnitude System Vasilij G
Planetary and Space Science ∎ (∎∎∎∎) ∎∎∎–∎∎∎ Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Planetary and Space Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pss Asteroid observations at low phase angles. IV. Average parameters for the new H, G1, G2 magnitude system Vasilij G. Shevchenko a,b,n, Irina N. Belskaya a, Karri Muinonen c,d, Antti Penttilä c, Yurij N. Krugly a, Feodor P. Velichko a, Vasilij G. Chiorny a, Ivan G. Slyusarev a,b, Ninel M. Gaftonyuk e, Igor A. Tereschenko a a Institute of Astronomy of Kharkiv Karazin National University, Sumska str. 35, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine b Department of Astronomy and Space Informatics of Kharkiv Karazin National University, Svobody sqr. 4, Kharkiv 61022, Ukraine c Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Finland d Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, P.O. Box 15, Masala, FI-02431, Finland e Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Crimea, Simeiz 98680, Ukraine article info abstract Article history: We present new observational data for selected main-belt asteroids of different compositional types. The Received 21 January 2015 detailed magnitude–phase dependences including small phase angles (o1°) were obtained for these Received in revised form asteroids, namely: (10) Hygiea (down to the phase angle of 0.3°, C-type), (176) Iduna (0.2°, G-type), (214) 6 September 2015 Aschera (0.2°, E-type), (218) Bianca (0.3°, S-type), (250) Bettina (0.3°, M-type), (419) Aurelia (0.1°, F-type), Accepted 19 November 2015 (596) Scheila (0.2°, D-type), (635) Vundtia (0.2°, B-type), (671) Carnegia (0.2°, P-type), (717) Wisibada (0.1°, T-type), (1021) Flammario (0.6°, B-type), and (1279) Uganda (0.5°, E-type). -
Building Cultural Knowledge the Example of the Mesoamerican
Oceans of Truth San Francisco University High School 120 1.3 “Long Learning” Building Cultural Knowledge The Example of the Mesoamerican Calendar Human beings settled in the Americas about 20,000 years ago, after traveling from Asia across a northern “land bridge” that connected to what is now Alaska. There is evidence of agricultural settlements in Mesoamerica since about 1500 BCE. Many different cultures and civilizations arose in the region, but the Mayans in particular stand out for their written language and advanced form of calendar. The Mayan calendar is unique in its complexity and sophistication. It is actually a combination of two types of calendars, each of which is its own system of interlocking cycles. The calendar round provides a way to specify unique dates over a 52 year period. This is useful for chronicling and describing events on the scale of a human life. The long count is a calendar with a much longer time scale; it was created to be able to reference dates at any point in a great age, a period of over 5000 years. The Mayans saw time as cyclical, and that at the close of one great age, the world would be destroyed and re-created, and the calendar would reset and begin again. The calendar round is built from three different cycles. The Mayan number system is a base-20 system, meaning that there are 20 different digits. It is no surprise, then, that the first cycle is 20 days long, with a particular glyph (a character in the Mayan written language) associated with each day (see Table 1.1 below). -
A Note from the Editors…. Mick Has Squeezed Us Off the Page
Presidents Report Well another term has come to an end and I am pleased to advise the entire current committee has been reinstated for another 2 years As I complete my second full year as President I can now reflect and assess the past 2 years in entirety. Overall I am still very pleased as to how the society is tracking, but there is still much to do, not only to grow our membership base with new members, but importantly to stop the erosion of current / past members that are not renewing and more importantly to find out why! I, along with many others, was shocked to realise that our current financial membership numbers are now less than 90, yet we post out over 140 newsletters every quarter! The newsletter production & postage costs are one of the society’s biggest expenses and the committee will be looking closely at ways to reduce this cost over the coming months. There appears to be quite a few members who are not currently financial!. So, if you haven’t paid your membership dues recently and wish to remain a financial member of the AAHS please do so soon, as the society needs your support. Copies of the membership renewal forms were posted out recently. The AAHS needs to increase its public profile and also raise awareness of the society in general, this will generate more interest in our society and importantly attract new members. During the past 12 months the society has been well represented at various major attractions like the “lost trades fair” in Country Victoria and the Canberra regional meeting “time in the bush” and most recently at the “Model engineers expo” on the 6th & 7th Oct 2018 in South Oakleigh Opening our Mart to the public on Sat the 8th of December 2018 is primarily aimed at increasing interest and awareness of our society to the general public. -
TIME in the 10,000-YEAR CLOCK (Preprint) AAS 11-665
(Preprint) AAS 11-665 TIME IN THE 10,000-YEAR CLOCK Danny Hillis *, Rob Seaman †, Steve Allen , and Jon Giorgini § The Long Now Foundation is building a mechanical clock that is designed to keep time for the next 10,000 years. The clock maintains its long-term accuracy by synchronizing to the Sun. The 10,000-Year Clock keeps track of five differ- ent types of time: Pendulum Time, Uncorrected Solar Time, Corrected Solar Time, Displayed Solar Time and Orrery Time. Pendulum Time is generated from the mechanical pendulum and adjusted according to the equation of time to produce Uncorrected Solar Time, which is in turn mechanically corrected by the Sun to create Corrected Solar Time. Displayed Solar Time advances each time the clock is wound, at which point it catches up with Corrected Solar Time. The clock uses Displayed Solar Time to compute various time indicators to be dis- played, including the positions of the Sun, and Gregorian calendar date. Orrery Time is a better approximation of Dynamical Time, used to compute positions of the Moon, planets and stars and the phase of the Moon. This paper describes how the clock reckons time over the 10,000-year design lifetime, in particular how it reconciles the approximate Dynamical Time generated by its mechanical pendulum with the unpredictable rotation of the Earth. INTRODUCTION The 10,000-Year Clock is being constructed (Figure 1 and Figure 2) by the Long Now Foun- dation. ** It is an entirely mechanical clock made of long-lasting materials, such as titanium, ce- ramics, quartz, sapphire, and high-molybdenum stainless steel. -
Desert Skies Tucson Amateur Astronomy Association
Desert Skies Tucson Amateur Astronomy Association Volume LV, Number 1 January, 2009 Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant ♦ School star parties ♦ TAAA Astronomy Complex Updates ♦ Constellation of the month Desert Skies: January, 2009 2 Volume LV, Number 1 Cover Photo: This image is a composite of Chandra (X-ray), Spitzer (IR) and Hubble space telescopes (JPL-CalTech, NASA, Steward Observatory) TAAA Web Page: http://www.tucsonastronomy.org TAAA Phone Number: (520) 792-6414 Office/Position Name Phone E-mail Address President Ken Shaver 762-5094 [email protected] Vice President Keith Schlottman 290-5883 [email protected] Secretary Luke Scott 749-4867 [email protected] Treasurer Terri Lappin 977-1290 [email protected] Member-at-Large George Barber 822-2392 [email protected] Member-at-Large John Kalas 620-6502 [email protected] Member-at-Large Teresa Plymate 883-9113 [email protected] Past President Bill Lofquist 297-6653 [email protected] Chief Observer Dr. Mary Turner 743-3437 [email protected] AL Correspondent (ALCor) Nick de Mesa 797-6614 [email protected] Astro-Imaging SIG Steve Peterson 762-8211 [email protected] Beginners SIG JD Metzger 760-8248 [email protected] Newsletter Editor George Barber 822-2392 [email protected] School Star Party Scheduling Coordinator Paul Moss 240-2084 [email protected] School Star Party Volunteer Coordinator Roger Schuelke 404-6724 [email protected]