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Schuman Report on Europe SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE STATE OF THE UNION 2012 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong London Milan Tokyo SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE STATE OF THE UNION 2012 by the Robert Schuman Foundation for Springer Verlag Publication edited by Thierry Chopin and Michel Foucher Publication edited by Thierry Chopin and Michel Foucher Translated by Rachel Ischoffen and Helen Levy ISBN 978-2-8178-0318-0 Springer Paris Berlin Heidelberg New York © Springer-Verlag France, Paris, 2012 Printed in France Springer-Verlag France is a member of the group Springer Science + Business Media Original title: “Le Rapport Schuman sur l’Europe 2011, l’état de l’Union" © Éditions Lignes de Repères, 2012 3, rue de Téhéran - 75008 Paris Site internet: www.lignes-de-reperes.com ISBN978-2-915752-66-3 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permissions for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: Jean-François Montmarché Cover illustration: © Gettyimages/Guy Vanderelst Translated by Rachel Ischoffen and Helen Levy The State of the Union 2012, Schuman Report on Europe is a collective work created on the initiative of the Robert Schuman Foundation according article 9 of law number 57-298 11th March1957 and article L.113-2 paragraph 3 of the intellectual property code. This work has been published with the support of the Centre for European Studies. “The Centre for European Studies” (CES) is the offi cial think tank of the European People’s Party (EPP) dedi- cated to the promotion of Christian Democrat, conservative and similar political values. For more information consult: www.thinkingeurope.eu. This publication receives funding from the European Parliament. The European Parliament and the Centre for European Studies assume no responsibility for facts or opinions expressed in this publication or their subse- quent use. Sole responsibility lies with the author for this publication.” Table of Content Preface Jean-Dominique Giuliani ......................................................................................... 19 1. The European Union and the Crisis: Between Doubt and Necessity Governance of the European Union, two years after the Lisbon Treaty (Jean-Dominique Giuliani) ............................................................................... 21 Europe – Afterwards. From Crisis Federalism to Pragmatic Federalism (Thierry Chopin and Jean-François Jamet) ....................................................... 29 After Fukushima, is a European Energy Policy still Possible? (Joachim Bitterlich) ........................................................................................... 35 Does Germany still see Europe through the Franco-German Prism? (Frank Baasner) .................................................................................................. 39 Europe’s Promise: Why the European Way is still the Best Hope in an Insecure Age (Steven Hill) ........................................................................... 43 2. Facing the Economic and Financial Crisis: Regulation, Investment, Solidarity The Euro, Markets and Politics (Christian de Boissieu and Olivier Passet) ......... 51 For a Political View of Financial Regulation (Jean-Pierre Jouyet) ........................ 59 Aviation, Defence and Security Industries Want a Strong Europe (Jean-Paul Herteman) ........................................................................................ 63 The Budget: For a European Solidarity Pact (Alain Lamassoure) ......................... 69 An Investment Strategy in EU: A Means to Compensate for the Lack of Fiscal Transfers (Stefaan De Corte) ........................................... 73 The Emerging European Social Model, an Asset to Face the Crisis (Yves Barou) ....................................................................................................... 79 3. Europe and the New World (Im) Balances European Times: From One Crisis to Another (Michel Foucher) ........................ 85 The Euro: Spectator or Player in the World’s Financial Imbalance? (Mathilde Lemoine) .......................................................................................... 89 What European “Power”? (Pierre Hassner) .......................................................... 95 Has the Euro Crisis Sounded the Death Knell of the Union’s Strategic Ambitions? (Nicole Gnesotto) .............................................................................................. 99 8 – SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE Europeans and the Arab Revolutions: What Role Is there for the EU in the Southern Mediterranean? (Luis Martinez) ............................................. 103 European Values in the New Global Context (Wilfried Martens) ....................... 107 4. Interview There Are More Reasons Today For Europeans to Unite Closely Jean-Claude Trichet, Former President of the European Central Bank ............... 111 5. A Summary of Political and Legal Europe The Economic Crisis Rocks the European Governments but the Supremacy of the Right Continues to Grow (Corinne Deloy) ............ 117 Gender Balance, a European Model (Pascale Joannin) ........................................ 125 Moderate Legislative Output, Marked by Financial Governance and the Internal Market (Pierre-Antoine Molina) ............................................ 133 European Opinion and the Crisis (Bruno Aguilera Barchet) ............................... 139 6. The European Union in Statistics (Franck Lirzin and Sebastian Paulo) .......... 143 List of Maps 1957-2012: European Integration Territories of Europe Energy Resources Europe Wide Energy in the EU States France – Germany, 2011 USA – EU Crisis in Europe, 2011 Euro Map Aeronautical, Defence and Security Industries in Europe and in the world Unemployment and Activity in the EU Member States Working Time and Union Membership in the European Union Member States The Arc of Crises Euro in the world World Security: European Union Intervention and Participation European External Action Service The EU and the Arab Revolutions Political Europe in 2012 Populism in Europe Women’s Europe European Public Opinion and the Crisis (1) European Public Opinion and the Crisis (2) Intra community trade, 2010 The EU and World Trade in Goods : Trade in Merchandise, 2011 The European Union in the World: trade agreements Population of the EU Member States Internal migrations External migrations The EU and Asylum Requests Public Debt Research and Innovation in the European States Industry in the EU Member States EU Budget, 2011 Use of the Structural Funds by the European Union Member States SCHUMAN REPORT ON EUROPE The State of the Union 2012 Publication edited by Thierry CHOPIN and Michel FOUCHER Contributors to this book: Bruno Aguilera Barchet, Frank Baasner, Yves Barou, Joachim Bitterlich, Christian de Boissieu, Stefaan De Corte, Corinne Deloy, Jean-Dominique Giuliani, Nicole Gnesotto, Pierre Hassner, Jean-Paul Herteman, Steven Hill, Jean-François Jamet, Pascale Joannin, Jean-Pierre Jouyet, Alain Lamassoure, Mathilde Lemoine, Franck Lirzin, Wilfried Martens, Luis Martinez, Pierre-Antoine Molina, Olivier Passet, Sebastian Paulo, Jean-Claude Trichet. Contributors Texts Bruno Aguilera Barchet Director of the university research institute, “Institute for International Legal Studies” and member of the Academic Council of the Centre for European Studies (Brussels), Bruno Aguilera Barchet is professor of comparative legal history at the University of Madrid. He was guest researcher at the Harvard Law School and he is at present guest professor in the Universities of Milan and Paris. He was also Deputy Chairman of the University “Rey Juan Carlos” (Madrid), and Dean of its Faculty Law. Besides many scientifi c research works he has published numerous articles in the national Spanish newspapers (El País, El Mundo, ABC and La Razón). Frank Baasner After studying literature and psychology at the Universities of Bonn, Tübingen and Paris he gained a PhD with a thesis on “The European Enlightenment”. Since 1995 he holds a chair in Romance Literature at the University of Mannheim. He has been visting professor in Austria, Spain and Sweden. In 2003, Frank Baasner was elected member of the Academy of Science and Literature of Mainz. Since 2002 he has been the director of the Franco-German Institute of Ludwigsburg. Yves Barou Polytechnician and PhD in Economics, Yves Barou has followed a career with Rhône- Poulenc and Thales in France and the USA with operational responsibilities and human resources. From 1998 to 2000, he was Deputy Director of the Social Affairs Ministry,
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