Anthracnose on Dogwoods and Other

Several cultural practices are recommended for control. Healthy trees can fight off the infection. • To reduce stress, apply 3-4 inches of mulch around the base of the covering the roots. Keep the mulch 3-4 inches from the tree trunk itself. • Water only during dry periods. • Fertilize only moderately and only if necessary, avoid high nitrogen fertilizers, which promotes the growth of succulent sprouts that are more susceptible to the disease. • trees in the sun and plant resistant varieties.

Fungicides are only suggested if the disease is persistent after cultural practices have been used without improvement. Apply fungicides at label rates and directions, beginning at bud break or first sign of disease in the spring. Fungicide options include: • Neem oil (Garden Safe Fungicide): repeat applications at 7- to 14-day intervals. • Chlorothalonil (Daconil Weather Stik, Daconil Ultrex, Fertilome Landscape & Garden Fungicide): repeat applications at 7- to 14-day intervals. • Mancozeb (Dithane DF Rainshield, Mancozeb DG, Dithane T/O Rainshield, Pentathlon LF, Protect T/O): repeat applications at 7- to 10-day intervals. • • Propiconazole (Banner Maxx, Fertilome Liquid Systemic Fungicide, Fungonil Lawn & Garden Disease Control): repeat applications at 14- to 28-day intervals. Propiconazole is the preferred fungicide for dogwoods.

Bagworms on Evergreen Trees The insect is most easily identified by the bag or case the caterpillar builds around itself on the plant that it is feeding from. The bag is made from silk that the worm weaves along with bits of the host plant’s . When fully mature the caterpillars bag may be 1 ½- 2 inches long. The female will lay 300-1,000 eggs inside the bag. The eggs hatch from late-May to mid June. The larvae are most susceptible to treatment mid to late June.

Pest Control Timing of Treatment Remarks

Bagworm Light infestation August to May Overwintering eggs remain inside the bags until hatching in late May. The first two Remove and burn Destroy the bags; eggs will hatch treatments are bags from bags thrown on the ground. organic and safe for the Bacillus Treat when larvae are young Lightly misting the foliage is sufficient. environment. thuringensis (Bt) mid-late June Mist blower treatments are effective.

Pemethrin Apply when bags are less than ½ Avoid using in public areas Malathion inch. May in coastal Virginia.

Control is much less effective if applied later than mid-June

Pest Control Timing of Treatment Remarks Oak Borer Endosulfan Treat trunk to ground in early Heavy infestations in even- (Thiodan) June numbered years. Permethrin Peach Apple/ tree Endosulfan Treat trunks and soil around borer and mock orange (Thiodan) base in July and repeat in 6 Permethrin weeks Round-headed and flat- Endosulfan Treat bark of trunk and Imidcloprid as soil drench headed borer (Thiodan) branches in early May, June and before infestation in April Permethrin early July Imidcloprid Dogwood Borer Endosulfan Treat bark of trunk and (Thiodan) branches in mid-May and Permethrin repeat in 6 weeks

For Pine Bark Beetles Virginia Tech Recommends Have dead or heavily infested limbs or trees removed in winter when the beetles are dormant. Burn all refuse. Do not keep wood chips as eggs may remain in the pieces under the bark. Look in the yellow pages under Tree(s) for arborists that are licensed and certified, and include insect management or control in their listing.

Pest Control Timing of Treatment Remarks Bark Endosulfan Treat unhealthy, weakened, or damaged Thoroughly wet all of the bark. Beetles (Thiodan) trees in early April, early June, and Healthy vigorous trees are not likely (Conifers) Permethrin August if near infested trees. Also to be attacked and do not require effective in preventing spread if sprayed spraying. Beetles will not reinfest or on infested trees or wood before beetles attack wood or trees dead more emerge, or in preventing infestations in than one year. uninfested wood that is cut but cannot be disposed of immediately.

Sanitation Throughout the year, particularly during Dispose of susceptible wood, slash, the growing season, when trees begin and bark from stumps by burning. dying or wood is cut. Prune out large, Beetles will not reinfest or attack dying, or recently dead branches. wood or trees dead longer than one year.

Fabraea maculate or Fabraea is caused by a fungus. Follow label Directions

Table 3.1 - Recommended Protectant Pesticides Pesticide Amount of pesticide to use in different amounts of water 1 5 gallons 10 gallons 25 gallons 50 gallons gallon Special Purpose Pesticides (SPP)

Captan 50% 2.0 tbsp2 1.6 oz 3.2 oz 0.5 lb 1.0 lb Wettable Powder Malathion 50% 2.0 tsp 1.6 fl oz 3.2 fl oz 8.0 fl oz 1.0 pt Emulsifiable Concentrate Ferbam 76% 1.5 tbsp 1.2 oz 2.4 oz 6.0 oz 12.0 oz Wettable Powder3

Immunox 1.55%4 1.0 tbsp 2.5 fl oz 5.0 fl oz 12.5 fl oz 25.0 fl oz (rates for apples and stone ) M-Pede 49% 2.5 fl oz 13 fl oz 26 fl oz 0.5 gal 1.0 gal Liquid5

Sevin 80S6 1.0 tbsp 1.0 oz 2.0 oz 5.0 oz 10.0 oz Sulfur 95% 1.0 tbsp 5.0 tbsp 1.6 oz 4.0 oz 8.0 oz Wettable Powder7

3336 50% WP8 2.5-3.5 tsp 4.0-6.0 tbsp 1.2-1.6 oz 3.0-4.0 oz 6.0-8.0 oz 1Do not exceed the label rate for any material on any crop.

2A teaspoonful (tsp) or a tablespoonful (tbsp) in this publication refers to a level standard measuring teaspoon or table spoon.

3 Ferbam provides good control of black rot of grapes. It should be added to the general purpose mixture for cedar and quince rust control of apple (early pink to June 10), ferbam should be used on peaches and nectarines during the dormant stage (November or early March) for peach leaf curl control.

4 Immunox may be used to supplement Captan in the GPM for rust and mildew management on apples, peaches, nectar- ines, cherries, apricots, plums, prunes, and grapes. See following Spray Materials section for disease control spectrum and usage restrictions for each crop.

5 If mites become a problem on apple, peach, or grape, use two sprays of M-Pede at 7-day intervals.

6 Sevin can be used beginning in early June if Japanese beetles become a problem (minor foliar feeding is acceptable). Do not use before this period since it will thin some varieties of apples.

7 Sulfur can be added to the GPM for powdery mildew control on apple. It is sold in concentrations of 52-95%.

8 Systemic Fungicide 3336 WP 50% wettable powder is available as Dragon Systemic Fungicide 3336 WP and Cleary’s 3336 WP for use on backyard (non-commercial) fruit trees such as apple, apricot, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum, and prune trees. This fungicide replaces Benlate, which is no longer registered for use. Do not apply 3336 WP within 24 hours of harvest.

Trees Moderately Difficult to Transplant Bare Root* (*With the remaining species,we have had limited success even with good after care. Transplanting in fall increases success.) Scientific Name Common Name Alnus glutinosa European Alder Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry Betula spp. Birch Celtis occidentalis Hackberry Cercis canadensis Redbud Corylus colurna Turkish Filbert Crataegus crus-galli inermis Thornless Cockspur Hawthorn Crataegus viridis ‘Winter King’ Winter King Hawthorn Eucommia ulmoides Hardy Rubber Tree Prunus subhirtella var. autumnalis Higan Cherry Quercus robur English Oak Tilia tomentosa Silver Linden Zelkova serrata J apanese Zelkova

Trees Difficult to Transplant Bare Root * (*With the remaining species,we have had limited success even with good after care. Transplanting in fall increases success.) Scientific Name Common Name Carpinus spp. Hornbeam Crataegus phaenopyrum Washington Hawthorn Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree Nyssa sylvatica Tupelo Ostrya virginiana American Hophornbeam Quercus alba White Oak Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak Quercus imbricaria Shingle Oak Quercus macrocarpa Bur Oak Quercus muehlenbergii Chinkapin Oak Quercus prinus Chestnut Oak Taxodium distichum Baldcypress Ulmus ‘Frontier’ Frontier Elm Ulmus parvifolia Lacebark Elm

Source Cornell University, http://www.hort.cornell.edu/UHI/outreach/pdfs/bareroot.pdf Trees Easy to Plant Bare Root Scientific Name Common Name Acer campestre Hedge Maple Acer x freemanii Freeman Maple Acer miyabei Trident Maple Acer platanoides Norway Maple Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Maple Acer rubrum Red Maple Acer saccharum Sugar Maple Acer truncatum Shantung Maple Catalpa speciosa Northern Catalpa Cercidiphyllum japonicum Katsura Tree Cladrastis kentukea Yellowwood Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry Dogwood Cornus foemina Gray Dogwood Fraxinus spp. Ash Gleditsia triacanthos Honeylocust Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky Coffee Tree Koelreuteria paniculata Goldenrain Tree Maackia amurensis Amur Maackia Malus spp. ple Persian Parrotia x acerifolia London Plane Tree Prunus ‘Accolade’ Accolade Flowering Cherry Prunus sargentii Sargent Cherry Prunus serrulata Japanese Flowering Cherry Prunus virginiana ‘Canada Red’ Chokecherry Pyrus calleryana Callery Pear Pyrus ussuriensis Ussurian Pear Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak Quercus palustris Pin Oak Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak Robinia pseudoacacia : Black Locust ‘Purple Robe’, ‘Pyramidalis’, Globosum’, ‘Bessoniana’, ‘Twisty Baby’ alnifolia Korean Mountain Ash Sorbus intermedia / aria Mountain Ash Syringa reticulata Japanese Tree Lilac Tilia americana Basswood Tilia cordata Littleleaf Linden Tilia euchlora Crimean Linden Ulmus americana and elm American Elm hybrids hybrids except ‘Frontier’

Source Cornell University, http://www.hort.cornell.edu/UHI/outreach/pdfs/bareroot.pdf