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OEE Red Diamond FEB17 Fort Leavenworth, KS Volume 8, Issue 02 February 2017 PIRTUNI SUPPLEMENT TO DATE RELEASED INSIDE THIS ISSUE by Angela M. Williams, TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration (DAC) Chinese QBZ-95 Rifle ........... 3 Users of the Decisive Action Training Environment (DATE) now have even more options for scenario development and training with the addition of a new IFC Pt 2 .................................. 6 operational environment to DATE: the country of Pirtuni. Pirtuni represents a MCTP WFX 17-1 .................. 10 nation with more traditionally “Western” attributes, and is physically located Situational Breach .............. 21 adjacent to Donovia on the real-world terrain of the Ukraine. ACMAT VLRA Lt Truck ....... 29 Key conditions found in Pirtuni ACE-TI POCs ....................... 32 include: stable democracy; member of NATO; 100,000-member Army with tier-2 capabilities; regional insurgent/guerrilla groups; majority (80%) Orthodox Christian population; free press; 34,000 miles OEE Red Diamond published of petrochemical pipelines; and large by TRADOC G-2 OEE ACE Threats Integration agricultural and industrial economic components. For e-subscription, contact: The Mission Command Training Nicole Bier (DAC), Program (MCTP) was directed by the Intel OPS Coordinator, Chief of Staff of the Army to G-2 ACE-TI implement new scenarios; the Topic inquiries: addition of Pirtuni gives it added Jon H. Moilanen (DAC), flexibility to do so. The supplement is Operations, G-2 ACE-TI accessible to any DATE user who or would like more options. Pirtuni was Angela Williams (DAC), written as a supplement instead of a Deputy Director, G-2 ACE-TI modification to the baseline DATE Copy Editor: document because, like all conditions in DATE, use of it is at the commander’s Laura Deatrick (CGI CTR), discretion. Users can find the Pirtuni Supplement on ACE-TI’s page on the Army G-2 ACE-TI Training Network. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED RED DIAMOND TOPICS OF INTEREST by TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration This issue of Red Diamond opens with an article on the understanding of the OPFOR operations process, the Chinese QBZ-95 assault rifle. With its adoption, China operational framework used, and decisions that led to joined several Western countries that have selected a the final outcome. It is clear that the effects of the two bullpup assault rifle for primary issue to their armed days of competitive fighting between OPFOR and forces or, at a minimum, to special operations forces or BLUFOR would have had a significant impact on all other elite formations. Besides the fact that the QBZ-95 subsequent engagements if the fighting had been able to is a new design for China, the country also designed and continue. developed its own proprietary cartridge. As a challenging condition in US Army training, an OPFOR The next article concludes a two-part series on the conducts tactical operations with a number of collective opposing force (OPFOR) use of an integrated fires drills in support of accomplishing its tactical tasks. One command (IFC). The command is composed of a drill that occurs often during mission tasks is situational permanent or standing command and control structure, breach of an obstacle. A situational breach is the rapid with various types of fire support units task-organized reduction of and passage through an obstacle and integrated in an approach to synchronize indirect encountered in the execution of another tactical task. fires for a maneuver force. Topics covered in the article The third article in this issue describes how the OPFOR include the “system of systems” concept and the performs this task and includes a tactical vignette. components of the IFC—artillery, missile, long-range The final Red Diamond article this month focuses on the reconnaissance, integrated support, naval, and special- French ACMAT VLRA 6X6, a relatively-inexpensive light purpose forces. transport truck that features excellent mobility and Mission Command Training Program (MCTP) Warfighter commonality of parts. This truck is reliable, simple, Exercise (WFX) 17-1 was scheduled as a distributed, rugged, and includes interchangeability of 80% of its simulation-supported, corps-level, command post parts, extending to models produced 30 years ago. There exercise. The first two days of the exercise occurred as are multiple variants for different requirements, along scheduled, but a hurricane triggered the abandonment with multiple mounts for weapons systems. It is primarily of the WFX as originally planned. The third article a reconnaissance, escort, and support vehicle. It is also provides an overview of the actions of the WFX during used as a heavy patrol vehicle, equipped for long- the first two days, with the intent to provide greater reconnaissance missions. _______________ Red Diamond Page 2 February 2017 By Mike Spight, TRADOC G-2 ACE Threats Integration (CGI Federal CTR) It’s reasonably certain that the majority of people—unless they are military small-arms aficionados or defense department subject matter experts—would be unaware of the fact that China no longer issues the Type 56 assault rifle (an AK-47 clone) to its military and security forces. In fact, the country has not issued that particular weapon to its forces for 30+ years, although it may still be found in the armories of militia and very-low-tieri reserve forces. The Chinese military adopted the Type 81 assault rifle in 1983 and it served as the Chinese military’s and security forces’ primary individual weapon until adaption of the QBZ-95 in approximately 1997. Over the past 20 or so years, the QBZ-95 has generally replaced the Type 81 in all Chinese military Tier 1 units and is steadily replacing it in reserve military, security, and police organizations. With adoption of the QBZ-95 (95 being the year of acceptance), which is a bullpup assault rifle design, China joined Great Britain, France, Australia, Austria, and several other countries that have adopted a bullpup assault rifle for primary issue to their armed forces or, at a minimum, to special operations forces or other elite formations. But besides the fact that the QBZ-95 is a totally new design for China, it also began design and development of a proprietary cartridge in 1979 and brought it to full production and issue in 1987. This cartridge is 5.8x42mm (DPB-87) and it is certainly logical that China would build its new bullpup design around this cartridge. Not as well-known is a variant of the Type 81 assault rifle, the Type 87 assault rifle, that was produced for use in testing the new cartridge. Note that the Type 87 was very limited in production and is reported to have only been issued to Figure 1. Original version of the Chinese QBZ-95 Chinese Special Forces units, and it has most probably been fully replaced in those formations by the QBZ-95. Between 1987 and adoption of the QBZ-95, the QBZ-03 assault rifle, also chambered in 5.8x42mm, was the issue weapon for the Chinese military. Very similar in appearance to the Type 81/87, it will be the topic of an article in a future edition of the Red Diamond. Variants The original variant of the QBZ-95 is estimated to have been first issued to higher-tier Chinese military units in 1997, and was configured as seen in Figure 1. Designed and manufactured by NORINCO, the Chinese state weapons design and manufacturing conglomerate, the weapon system was rather ergonomically unfriendly, as the safety and fire selector switch (safe, single round, three-round burst, and full auto) is located to the rear of the action, near the butt stock. Adding to the ergonomic issues was an ejector and ejection port that would eject spent brass directly towards the face of a left- handed shooter. Clearly a significant issue, this reportedly resulted in all Chinese military personnel who were left-handed i Editor’s Note: Tier level indicates a weapon’s age and/or sophistication, with highest-tier (Tier 1) platforms being the most cutting- edge. For an explanation of equipment tiers, see pages 10–11 of the 2016 Worldwide Equipment Guide (WEG). Red Diamond Page 3 February 2017 being forced to train to fire and operate the QBZ-95 right-handed. When coupled with the fact that this would require the shooter to crane his neck to the right in order to use his left (dominant) eye, this was not an optimal situation. Also, on the original variant, the carrying handle was quite high (reminiscent of the French FAMAS) and, if an optical or red-dot sight was mounted, the shooter was unable to maintain a proper cheek weld when utilizing the sight. Besides the standard rifle, a carbine (QBZ-95B) and light support weapon (QBB-95, Figure 2) were produced and issued. In the case of the carbine, other than a shorter barrel, it is identical to the rifle. The light support variant has a longer, heavier barrel that is designed to dissipate the heat generated by fully-automatic fire, is fitted with an integral bipod, and is issued with a drum magazine feed system that will hold 80 rounds. It also fires a 5.8x42mm cartridge that is loaded with a heavier projectile than used in the rifle or carbine. Figure 2. The Chinese QBB-95 Additionally, a designated squad marksman rifle, in bullpup design, was also developed and issued to Chinese forces. The QBU-88 (Figure 3) is equipped with a bipod, longer and heavier barrel, an improved flash suppressor, and a faster rate of rifling twist designed to stabilize a special loading variant of the DBP-87 cartridge, which features a projectile that weights 70 grains (grs), is more streamlined, and is capable of acceptable accuracy out to 800 meters.
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