Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 139/3, Monogr. Stud., p. 433-448, März 2003

Additions to the fauna of Central Europe: New records of rare species from Austria

By CHRISTIAN D. JERSABEK, ROBERT SCHABETSBERGER, Salzburg and ROSWITHA FRESNER, Klagenfurt

with 8 figures

Abstract: Notable records of rare Rotifera are presented and their geographieal distribution, autecology, and is diseussed. All species are new to Austria, others are new to Europe or the Palaearetic. Numerous records of Cephalodella edax and Synchaeta verrucosa indicate a wider distribution of these little known pelagic species, while findings of Ascomorpha tundisii, Cephalodella evabroedae and Lecane elegans reveal highly disjunct distributional patterns.

Introduction

Research on taxonomy and biology of Rotifera in Austria was largely determined by the efforts of JOSEF DONNER (1909-1989) and AGNES RUTTNER-KoLISKO (1911-1991) (see KOSTE (1978 a) for references), so that the rotifer fauna of Austria may be considered relatively weIl explored. However, there has been a strong foeus on benthie river habitats (DONNER 1964, 1970, 1972, 1978; SCHMID­ ARAYA 1995) and soil environments (DONNER 1951, 1954, 1965), whereas comparatively little is known of pelagie and littoral taxoeoenosis in lentic waters (e.g., RUTTNER 1938; LÖFFLER 1959; NAIDENOW & WAWRIK 1984; JERSABEK 1995). Even though the prealpine lakes of Austria have attracted eonsiderable attention by limnologists, most planktological studies had 110 specifie taxonomie or biogeographical foeus. Thus, as supported by the eurrent species records from Austria, our knowledge of rotifer diversity is still far from being complete even in "well-explored" regions of Western Europe, where the study of began.

Material and methods

Plankton sampies from lakes were collected on a monthly to quarterly basis using a 30 um closing net, fixed by dropwise addition of formaldehyde (final eoncentration 2 %) and preserved in 5 % formaldehyde. On eaeh occasion a total volume of about 70 to 500 1 was filtered. In addition a second set of samples was examined alive within a few hours after sampling. Drawings and measurements were made at 500 to 1250 X magnifieation, using a Leitz-Laborlux D microscope fitted with a camera lucida. Trophi were extraeted by dissolving tissues using a strong bleach (NaOCl). Seanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed with a CAMBRIDGE Stereosean 250 eleetron microscope on rotifer trophi proeessed following DE SMET (1998). 435 434 eh. D. Jersabek et al. Rare Rotifera frorn Austria

Results

Cephalodella edax HOLLOWDAY, 1993 (Figs. 1, 2) Material: numerous specimens from lakes in the Lake District "Salzkammergut" (Attersee, Traunsee, Wolfgangsee), and in the province of Salzburg (Obertrumer See, Zeller See). Morphology: Overall morphology and trophi structure generally agree with the description by HOLLOWDAY (1993). In addition, the following was noted: lorica soft, distinct plates on trunk consist of one ventral and two lateral pieces. Base of toes in dorsal/ventral view unilaterally swollen (Fig. 1 C). Vitellarium with 8 nuclei. Gastric glands rounded, of normal size; one pair of slender pedal glands, slightly shorter than foot. Manubria cornparatively stout, shorter than in type specimens (55-58 % vs 80 % trophus length); of irregular shape, with one median and one terminal opening. These are set at different angles so that only one can be seen at a time (Fig. 2 C, D). Fulcrum slender, slightly widened proximally in lateral view (Fig. 1 G).Rami tips rounded, with a number of soft, minute teeth which are almost indiscemible by light microscopy (Fig. 2 B, C). Dorsal expansions of rami with tooth-like "sharp edge" apically (Figs. 1 F, 2 B). Measurements (um), n == 13: Totallength: 117-150; toe length: 16.5-20; trophi: 19-21; manubrium: 11-11.5; ramus 9-10; fulcrurn: 10.5-11; uncus: 5-5.5; sub­ itaneous egg (deposited in Uroglena): 31. Occurrence and distribution: Epiplanktonic parasite within algal colonies. Restricted to the ehrysophyte Uroglena volvox EHRENBERG. It is the fifth species eurrently known to parasitize eolonies of motile plankton algae such as Volvox or Uroglena (for review of parasitic rotifers see MAY 1989). Hitherto only known

Fig.2. Cephalodella edax - A: trophus, ventral; B: rami, :,entral; C?: ri~ht ramus and manubrium, ventral; D: manubrium, lateral; enlarged terminal end of manubrium inserted: Traunsee, Upper Austria.

from two lakes of the English Lake District (HOLLOWDAY 1993). Present records are from several prealpine lakes and one pond in Austria, and two small lakes in southern Germany. Whole mounts of specimens from Pennsylvania, USA, depos­ ited sub "Proales sp. (?)" (det. & prep.: F. J. MYERS 1939) in the mieroslide colleetion of the Aeademy of Natural Seiences of Philadelphia (Cat. Nos. 1756, 1757), probably belong to C. edax (JERsABEK & SEGERS, in prep.). Zoogeography: Austria (first record); Germany (first record); Great Britain (HOLLOWDAY 1993); USA (?). . Auteeology: Oecurs in lakes and ponds spanning a wide range of size and trophie eonditions. Found in ultraoligotrophie to oligotrophie (Attersee, Wolfgang­ see Traunsee Zeller See) and mesotrophic lakes (Obertrumer See) and one Fig, 1. Cephalodella edax - A: swimming , lateral; B: toe, lateral; C: toes, dorsal; D: me~otrophic p~nd (Niedemsill) in Austria (this study), to eutrophie conditions ~n trophus, dorsal; E: manubrium, different views; F: incus (pressed), dorsal; G: fulcrurn, lateral; England (Blelham Tarn, Esthwaite Water; HOLLOWDAY 1993) and Bavana Wolfgangsee, Salzburg. Bars: 50 um (A), 10 11m (B-G). 436 eh. D. Jersabek et al. Rare Rotifera frorn Austria 437

(Höglwörther See, Abtsdorfer See). The species was restricted to the upper water layers during the time of stable stratification from June to September. Maximum individual densities ranged from 0.3-21.7 ind. 1-1 in the different lakes, but densities > 100 ind. 1-1 were observed in the Austrian ponds at times of high Uroglena-densities. We observed that the species occasionally swims freely, either in search of a new algal host or following disturbance by sampling activity. Once separated from its host, C. edax may swim very fast, probably to increase encounter probability with another host-colony. It is likely that the rotifer has to change the host from time to time, as infested colonies soon are massively affected by the ravenous feeding of the parasite. Single amictic eggs deposited within the algal colony were never encountered together with a female, suggesting that these leave the host in favour of the offspring. However, as HOLLOWDAY (1993) already Fig. 3.. Cephalodella evabroedae - A: manubriurn, la­ pointed out, this could simply be explained by colony division of Uroglena as weIl, teral; B: fulcrum, frontal; C: fulcrurn, lateral; D: uncus, apical; E: ramus, ventral; F: eyes; G: foot and toes, leaving the egg in one half and the female in the other. We noted a strong dorsal; Traunsee, Upper Austria. Bars: 25 um (G), 10 irregularity in the yearly appearance of the species. It may be abundant in one J.lrn (A-E). year, but absent in the other. This is in accordance with observations from British habitats (HOLLOWDAY 1993). Feeds on flagellates which it picks out singly from the eolonial eell aggregate. occurred in shallow alkaline pools and a small lake (DE SMET 1988, 1993). It has T: 10.0-21.7 °C; pH: 7.6-8.7; E.C. 25°C: 170-538 JlS ern-I; er 0.3-130 mg 1-1; since been reported from a high altitude lake in the Bolivian Andes (Lake Kothia, P-tot: 1.0-70.0 ug 1-1. approx. 4500m a.s.l.) by SEGERS et al. (1994). The insufficiently illustrated record Comment: Considering the frequency of C. edax in our samples it seems of "Cephalodella sp. I" from the subantaretic Macquarie Island (DARTNALL 1993, surprising that this species was diseovered only reeently and was not yet known Fig. IOd, e) possibly refers to C. evabroedae as weIl, and should be confirmed. The from continental Europe. We assurne that this small, inconspieuous animal was present find in an alkaline prealpine lake is the first from eontinental Europe. frequently overlooked in routine plankton collections, or regarded as "just another Zoogeography (Fig. 8): Austria (first record); Bolivia (SEGERS et al. 1994); tyehoplanktonic Cephalodella", Samples have to be studied in vivo to relate this Norway, Svalbard Archipelago (DE SMET 1988, 1993); Macquarie Island, Aus­ parasitic animal to its proper habitat as Uroglena-colonies quiekly disintegrate tralia (DARTNALL 1993) (?). upon preservation. Autecology: Previous reeords suggest a eold-stenothermie nature ofthis species. It was found in submerged mosses, among filamentous algae, and oeeasionally in the plankton (T: 4.5-6.5 °C; pR: 8.2-9.6; E.C. 25°C: 165-544 jlS cm-\ er. 14­ Cephalodella evabroedae DE SMET, 1988 (Fig. 3) 63 mg 1-1) (DE SMET 1988, 1993). Dur record was at similar ecological eonditions: Material: one specimen from Traunsee, Upper Austria, January 1998 (423 m a.s.l., T: 4.1 °C; pR: 8.3; E.C. 25°C: 350 JlS cm"; er: 93 mg 1-1; P-tot: 9.1 ug 1-1; Chl-a: 13°47'38" E, 47°48'50" N). 0.56 ug 1-1. Morphology: Very distinct by the large head, and the short, broad foot bearing Comment: Including the uncertain subantaretie record, the discontinuous range characteristically shaped stout toes (Fig. 3 G), and the unique, robust trophus of C. evabroedae covers 1330 of latitude and 2270 of longitude, with at least 3000 (Fig. 3 A-E). Fulcrum very broad in lateral view, manubria with crutehed dorsal km separating single oecurrences (Fig. 8). This broad disjunction elearly indieates projeetion. Rami with rod-like structure and teeth above elevated ridge (prepara­ a high ability of long-distanee dispersal, as it seems unlikely that this unmistak­ tion artefaet?). In contrast to the type specimens, based on preserved material able, big speeies has been frequently overlooked. Henee, although our knowledge ("eyespot absent"), our specimen beared two conspieuous, separated eyespots on rotifer chorology is poor, the distribution of this speeies may be taken as an (Fig. 3 F). It is likely, that these bleach out following preservation. example of the potential cosmopolitanism in rotifers. At the same time, however, it Measurements (um), n = 1: toe length: 33; trophus: 51; manubrium: 30; ramus: highlights the signifieance of habitat requirements in determining the distribution 19; fulcrum: 30; uncus: 12. of a species. Occurrenee and distribution: Highly disjunct distribution (Fig. 8). The species was first reported frorn two arctie islands (Bjemeya, Barents9'Sy a), where it 438 eh. D. Jersabek et al. Rare Rotifera frorn Austria 439

Synchaeta verrucosa NIPKOW, 1961 (Figs. 4, 5) Synonym: Synchaeta asymmetrica KOCH-ALTHAUS, 1963~ S. calva RUTTNER­ KOLISKO, 1970 (?) Material: numerous specimens from the Austrian Lake Distriet "Salzkammergut" (Attersee, Fuschlsee, Hallstätter See, Traunsee, Wolfgangsee), and the province of Salzburg (Zeller See). Morphology and taxonomy: The winding motions of this pliable, elongate Synchaeta may result in asyrnmetry of certain characters (e.g. position of lateral antennae and toes). This led to the description of S. asymmetrica by KOCH­ ALTHAUS (1963). Synonymy of the two species is evident and was also proposed by KUTIKOVA & HABERMAN (1983). The body form of the swimming animal may vary from prolonged cylindrical to vase-shaped, foot and toes are partly retracted most of the time (Fig. 4 A, B). Two small red eye-spots are distinct, but occasionally pale and difficult to see. Apical field strongly convex, with groups of soft cilia instead of distinct styli, thus appearing alrnost naked at lower magnification and resembling S. calva, described by RUTTNER-KoLISKO (1970), from the English Lake District. We suggest, however, to reconsider the specific status of this taxon in the light of a possible synonymy with S. verrucosa. Trophus highly characteristic by the ± plate-shaped unci with obtuse triangular and quad­ rangular teeth (Figs. 4 F, 5 C). Inner margin of rami with a row of 15-18 very soft, connected teeth, that appear like a fringe of hairs using lightmicroscopy (Figs. 4 C, 5 B). Measurements (}lID), n == 25: Totallength: 220 (148-290); width of head: 110 (82-134); trophi (n == 9): 69 (61-78); manubrium: 47 (44-51); ramus 35 (32-38); fulcrum: 39 (33-44); uncus: 12/16 (l/w). Occurrence and distribution: Pelagic in northern temperate lakes, and occasion­ ally in ponds. The majority of records is from deep oligo- to mesotrophic prealpine lakes at the northern edge of the European Alps (NIPKOW 1961; KOSTE 1978 b; BERNER-FRANKHAUSER 1983; current records). Further records are from Stechlin­ see in Northern Germany (KOCH-ALTHAUS 1963) and from shallow eutrophie lakes in the Baltic States (HABERMAN 1995; VIRRO 1996; and references therein). According to KUTIKOVA (1998) it is a characteristic element of the plankton of northern latitudes. The species is also common in the D.S. Great Lakes region, where it occurs in the Great Lakes (GANNON & STEMBERGER 1978) and in northern Michigan inland lakes (STEMBERGER 1990). NOGRADY (1989) found the species in a small marsh pond next to Lake Ontario, Canada. Zoogeography: Holarctic: Austria (first record); Germany (KOCH-ALTHAUS 1963; KOSTE 1978 b); Switzerland (NIPKOW 1961; BERNER-FRANKHAUSER 1983); Estonia (VIRRO & HABERMAN 1993; HABERMAN 1995; VIRRO 1996); Russia (KUTIKOVA 1998); England (GALLIFORD unpubl.; HOLLOWDAY, pers. corn.); Canada (NOGRADY 1989); USA (GANNON & STEMBERGER 1978; STEMBER­ GER 1990). 440 eh. D. Jersabek et al, Rare Rotifera frorn Austria 441

In contrast to populations so far studied, S. verrucosa is perennial in all lakes of 1 Austria, where it persists with low individual densities «0.5-1 ind. 1- ) in the hypolimnion (below 20 m depth) during the time of thermal stratification. This may perhaps also apply to populations from North America, where STEMBERGER (1990) found it "occasionally in the fall in the deepest basins of these lakes". We observed no males or resting eggs, as did NIPKOW (1961) and VIRRO & HABERMAN (1993) before the disappearance of the species in spring in Zürichsee and Lake Peipus, respectively. Unlike most other Synchaeta-species, S. verrucosa swims with very slow, winding motions, frequently flexing its eylindrical body and retracting its foot or toes. Eggs are never carried attaehed to the female but are released into the open water. Austrian lakes: T: 3.3-11.0 °C; pH: 7.7-8.8; E.C. 25°C: 180-740 JlS cm": er. 1.5-131 mg 1-1; P-tot: 1.0-13.2 ug 1-1; Chl-a: 0.1-6.5 Ilg 1-1.

Ascomorpha tundisii SEGERS & DUMONT, 1995 (Fig. 6) Material: 16 specimens from an alpine bog pond (1890 m a.s.1., 13°18' 17"E, 47°04' OO"N), Hohe Tauem, Austria; August 1991. Morphology and taxonomy: The species closely resembles Ascomorpha saltans BARTSCH and A. dumonti DE SMET, but is distinct from these by its different trophi structure and only four vitellary nuelei (vs. eight in A. saltans and A. dumonti). The major diagnostie charaeters are the strongly elongate alulae and the spiniform elongations on the ventral rami bases (Fig. 6 C-F). The rami may vary from almost

Fig. 5. Synchaeta verrucosa - A: trophus, ventral; B: unci and inner rami margins, ventral; C: unci B and inner rami rnargins, dorsal; D: manubrium, lateral; Zeller See, Salzburg.

Autecology: Pronounced cold-stenothermic, prevailing during winter and early spring. Restrieted to the cold season -in European lakes (NIPKOW 1961; KOCH­ ALTHAUS 1963; VIRRO & HABERMAN 1993; HABERMAN 1995; VIRRO 1996) at temperatures from 0-14 °C. GANNON & STEMBERGER (1978) regarded S. verru­ cosa as one of the "most valuable" oligo-mesotrophic indicators in Michigan inland lakes, which corresponds with our observations in Austria. It is, however, also a winter dominant in strongly eutrophie Vortsjärv, Estonia, where it dominated the zooplankton community in terms of abundanee and biomass (up to 33 % and Fig. 6. Ascomorpha tundisii - A: con­ 49%, respectively) (HABERMAN 1995), and individual densities up to 110 ind. 1-1 tracted specimen, dorsal; B: cross-section were measured in eutrophie Lake Peipus, Estonia (VIRRO & HABERMAN 1993). of contracted animal; C: trophus, ventral; D: trophus, lateral; E, F: rami, different This suggests that temperature is more important in goveming the distribution ofS. specimens; G: uncus, apical. Bog pond, verrucosa than is the trophic state of a lake. Maximum values in Austrian lakes Central Alps, Carinthia. Bars: 50 um CA, were 85 ind. 1-1 (Traunsee), eorresponding to 6 % ofthe total zooplankton biomass. B), 10 um (C-G). 442 eh. D. Jersabek et al, Rare Rotifera from Austria 443

syrnmetrical to strongly asymmetrical. The comparatively high number of three uncus teeth (only one in A. saltansi is also found in A. saltans indica WULFERT, and an even higher number (four to five) is present in A. dumonti. Although we only could study preserved material, our meet all characters to justify an identifieation with A. tundisii, recently described from Brazil (SEGERS & DUMONT 1995). Some minor deviations from the nominal species (based on preserved animals as well) are: different position of the lateral antennae at almost 1/3 from posterior body end (at ca. 1/5 in Brazil), slightly smaller trophi dimensions, and the absence of an eye. However, the position of the antennae may be strongly influenced by contraction in illoricate and soft-loricated animals, and the cerebral eyespot may have faded away in the preservative liquid; to our knowledge it is present in all speeies of this genus. Considering the restrictions of the study of preserved material, the minor morphologieal deviations, and the different eeo­ logical and geographieal occurrenee, we tentatively identify our population with the morphospecies A. tundisii. Measurements (um), n = 16: body length (contraeted): 75-84; body width: 66­ 70; trophi length: 27-29.5; manubrium: 19.5-20; alulae: 11-13.5; fulerum: 19-20; uncus (major tooth): 6.5-7. Occurrenee and distribution: Previously known only from the tropical Broa reservoir (S.P., Brazil) (SEGERS & DUMONT 1995). Now recorded from an alpine 2 Sphagnum-bog pond (ea. 240 n1 , 75 cm deep), where it occurred at low densities in the plankton and among mosses. Zoogeography (Fig. 8): Brazil (SEGERS & DUMONT 1995); Austria (first record). Fig. 7. Lecane elegans - A-C: contracted specimen dorsal, ventral, lateral, resp.; D: swimming Autecology: We cannot speculate on the ecological requirements of a species animal, dorsal; E: posterior end with foot and toes, ventral; F: trophus, ventral; River Drau, Ca- known from only two loealities, yet the very different habitats seem to indieate a rinthia. Bars: 50 11m (A-D), 25 11m (E), 10 11m CF). wide ecological, at least thermal, tolerance. However, judging from the similarity of the eoexisting rotifer faunas in Brazil and Austria, the ecological conditions seem to be less dissimilar than might be expected from the geographical distribution of the sites: both localities have 16 species in cornmon, which is Morphology: Morphology and dimensions of the Austrian specimens closely almost the half of the "alpine cornmunity". agree with descriptions available from tropical populations. Alpine pond: T: 8.5 °C; pH: 5.3; E.C. 25°C: 5 JlS cm"; seems to feed on Measurements (um), n = 8: total length: 164-182 (eontracted), 215 (swim- Peridinium sp., whieh was abundant in the alpine pond. ming); foot: 12-14.5; toe (ineL claw): 47-50; claw: 15.5-16.5; accessory claws: Cornment: The closely related A. saltans is a widely distributed cosmopolite. Its 2.5; dorsal plate width: 51-54, length: 96-105; ventral plate width: 51-54, length: habitat conditions range from peat bog ponds to tropical rice fields, and from 105-116; trophus: 32-34; manubrium: 27; ramus: 6.5; fulcrum: 7-7.5; uncus ultraoligotrophie lakes to the potamoplankton of eutrophic rivers (see DE RIDDER (main tooth): 8.5. & SEGERS 1997 for references). Considering that a reliable separation of this Occurrence and distribution: Previously known only from tropical and sub- species from sirnilar congeners requires a thorough study of the trophi, several tropical waters, thus regarded as pantropical by SEGERS (1996). Common in records of A. saltans may actually refer to A. tundisii, which is probably more swamps and shallow lakes of river floodplains with dense vegetation (e:g., widely distributed. "floating meadows", Eichhomia spp.). Most records are from the Amazon region (for records earlier than 1992 see DE RIDDER & SEGERS 1997; SEGERS 1995 b) ~nd Lecane elegans HARRING, 1914 (Fig. 7) the Pantanal (SEGERS 1995 a, b; KOSTE 1999) in Brazil, as weIl as the Parana nver Material: several specimens from backwaters of the River Drau, Carinthia (340 m system in Argentina (lOSE DE PAGGI 1993, 1996). Other occurrences in South and a.s.l., 14°57'E, 46°38'N), November 1997. Central America are in a tropical reservoir in the Isthmus of Panama (HARRING 444 eh. D. Jersabek et al. Rare Rotifera frorn Austria 445

1914), a swamp in the coastal region of Ecuador (KOSTE & BÖTTGER 1992), a prairie pond in Sao Paulo State, Brazil (SEGERS 1995 b), a shallow lagoon of the Rio Branco in Roraima, Brazil (KOSTE 2000), and in Eichhomia crassipes-tixns in ~:"Io a Jamaican river (KOSTE et al. 1995). The species' range further includes the Bung­ Borapet reservoir (KOSTE 1975) and a canal in the river Nan floodplain (SANOAMUANG 1998) in Thailand, apolluted river on the tropical island Hainan, China (KOSTE & ZHUGE 1998), white and black water habitats on Kalimantan, Indonesia, and the Philippines (see DE RIDDER & SEGERS 1997 for references), Lake Zirahuen, Mexico (SARMA & ELIAS-GUTIERREZ 1999), a marsh on Cuba (slide deposited at the Academy of Natural Seiences in Philadelphia: ANSP 1408, prep. F.J. MYERS), a canal in Miami, Florida (ANSP 860, prep. F.J. MYERS), and the Wahiawa Reservoir on O'ahu, Hawai'i (JERsABEK in press). Only one record each was published from tropical Africa (Niger floodplain) (SEGERS et al. 1993), and from the subtropical southwest islands of Japan (SUDZUKI et al. 1992, cited in OE RIDDER & SEGERS 1997). Our population is from a temperate cold-water habitat, the river Drau in Austria. Zoogeography (Fig. 8): Palaearctic: Austria (first record), Japan; - Nearctic: Florida; - Neotropic: Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Jamaiea, Panama, Mexico; - Orientalie: China, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand; - Ethiopic: Nigeria; Aus­ tralie, Polynesian subregion: Hawai'i; see above for references. Autecology: Concluding from the speeies' oecurrences as outlined above, L. elegans elearly prefers densely vegetated warm-water habitats. However, the present record questions the clear-cut idea of "tropieal requirements" of this speeies, all the more so, as it was generally found only with single or few specimens in the loeations eited above, but was abundant in our sample. Summa­ rizing the sparse data available on habitat requirements of this speeies, it seems to have a relatively wide ecologieal tolerance: it is known from nutrient-poor floodplain lakes to strongly polluted rivers, white and black water habitats, lentic and lotie environments. T: 21.0-30.0 °C, pH: 5.7-7.8, E.C. 25°C: 32-582 )1.S. Our record from the temperate zone remains puzzling from both a zoogeographical and an eeological point of view. T: 4.1 °C; pR: 7.9; E.C. 25°C: 271 jlS cm"; P-tot: 17 ug 1-1.

Acknowledgements

Current records were made during planktological surveys supported by the govemment of the province of Salzburg (Abteilung für Umweltschutz, Referat für Gewässeraufsicht) and the Aus­

~ trian Academy of Sciences. GEORGIA BUCHMEIER called our attention to the occurrence of C. edax . ..: .\. •. in the Bavarian lakes and Erie HOLLOWDAY is acknowledged for interesting discussions and

.'': I. providing literature on S. verrucosa. WOLF-DIETRICH KRAUTGARTNER (Dept. Electron Micro­ " scopy) provided support with our SEM-work at the University of Salzburg. Rare Rotifera frorn Austria 447 446 eh. D. Jersabek et al,

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Authors' addresses: eH.D. JERSABEK and R. SCHABETSBERGER,Universität Salzburg, Institut für Zoologie, Hell­ brunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; E-mail: [email protected] R. FRESNER, Kärntner Institut für Seenforschung. A-9020 Klagenfurt, Austria. Present address of CH. D. JERSABEK: Academy of Natural Sciences, Biodiversity Group, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, U.S.A.