How to Install a Firewire (IEEE 1394) Drive Under Linux?
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Embedding Redhat Linux in a Diskonchip - HOWTO
Embedding Redhat Linux in a DiskOnChip - HOWTO Don Davies, Prosig Ltd ( [email protected]) October 2002 Describes the configuration and setup of a development environment for a Single Board Computer running Redhat Linux from a DiskOnChip device. Contents 1.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................3 1.1 Hardware Details..................................................................................................3 1.2 System Configuration ...........................................................................................4 2.0 DOS Development Environment...........................................................................5 2.1 DiskOnChip Tools ................................................................................................5 2.2 Boot Loader..........................................................................................................6 2.3 MS-DOS System Startup......................................................................................6 3.0 Linux Development Environment ......................................................................7 3.1 Custom Kernel Configuration ............................................................................8 3.2 Building Custom Kernel ..................................................................................10 3.3 Booting Custom Kernel ...................................................................................10 3.4 Formatting DiskOnChip for Linux -
Reference Guide
Reference Guide Scyld ClusterWare Release 5.10.1-5101g0000 December 18, 2013 Reference Guide: Scyld ClusterWare Release 5.10.1-5101g0000; December 18, 2013 Revised Edition Published December 18, 2013 Copyright © 1999 - 2013 Penguin Computing, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of Penguin Computing, Inc.. The software described in this document is "commercial computer software" provided with restricted rights (except as to included open/free source). Use beyond license provisions is a violation of worldwide intellectual property laws, treaties, and conventions. Scyld ClusterWare, the Highly Scyld logo, and the Penguin Computing logo are trademarks of Penguin Computing, Inc.. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Infiniband is a trademark of the InfiniBand Trade Association. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Red Hat and all Red Hat-based trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners. Table of Contents Preface .....................................................................................................................................................................................v -
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[13주차] Sysfs and Procfs
1 7 Computer Core Practice1: Operating System Week13. sysfs and procfs Jhuyeong Jhin and Injung Hwang Embedded Software Lab. Embedded Software Lab. 2 sysfs 7 • A pseudo file system provided by the Linux kernel. • sysfs exports information about various kernel subsystems, HW devices, and associated device drivers to user space through virtual files. • The mount point of sysfs is usually /sys. • sysfs abstrains devices or kernel subsystems as a kobject. Embedded Software Lab. 3 How to create a file in /sys 7 1. Create and add kobject to the sysfs 2. Declare a variable and struct kobj_attribute – When you declare the kobj_attribute, you should implement the functions “show” and “store” for reading and writing from/to the variable. – One variable is one attribute 3. Create a directory in the sysfs – The directory have attributes as files • When the creation of the directory is completed, the directory and files(attributes) appear in /sys. • Reference: ${KERNEL_SRC_DIR}/include/linux/sysfs.h ${KERNEL_SRC_DIR}/fs/sysfs/* • Example : ${KERNEL_SRC_DIR}/kernel/ksysfs.c Embedded Software Lab. 4 procfs 7 • A special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems. • procfs presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure. • Typically, it is mapped to a mount point named /proc at boot time. • procfs acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel. The process IDs of all processes in the system • Kernel provides a set of functions which are designed to make the operations for the file in /proc : “seq_file interface”. – We will create a file in procfs and print some data from data structure by using this interface. -
OS Awareness Manual Linux
OS Awareness Manual Linux TRACE32 Online Help TRACE32 Directory TRACE32 Index TRACE32 Documents ...................................................................................................................... OS Awareness Manuals ................................................................................................................ OS Awareness and Run Mode Debugging for Linux .............................................................. OS Awareness Manual Linux ................................................................................................. 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 4 Terminology 4 Brief Overview of Documents for New Users 5 Supported Versions 5 Configuration ........................................................................................................................ 6 Quick Configuration Guide 6 Hooks & Internals in Linux 6 Features ................................................................................................................................ 8 Display of Kernel Resources 8 Task-Related Breakpoints 8 Task Context Display 9 MMU Support 11 Space IDs 11 MMU Declaration 11 Debugger Table Walk 17 Symbol Autoloader 18 SMP Support 19 Dynamic Task Performance Measurement 20 Task Runtime Statistics 20 Process / thread switch support for ARM using context ID register: 21 Task State Analysis 21 Function Runtime Statistics 22 Linux Specific Menu 24 Debugging Linux Kernel -
Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to Freebsd
Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to FreeBSD Table of Contents Absolute BSD—The Ultimate Guide to FreeBSD............................................................................1 Dedication..........................................................................................................................................3 Foreword............................................................................................................................................4 Introduction........................................................................................................................................5 What Is FreeBSD?...................................................................................................................5 How Did FreeBSD Get Here?..................................................................................................5 The BSD License: BSD Goes Public.......................................................................................6 The Birth of Modern FreeBSD.................................................................................................6 FreeBSD Development............................................................................................................7 Committers.........................................................................................................................7 Contributors........................................................................................................................8 Users..................................................................................................................................8 -
Discovering and Emulating an Intel Gigabit Ethernet Device
Discovering and emulating an Intel Gigabit Ethernet device. Student: Bao Chi Tran Nguyen , Supervisor: Knut Omang Master’s Thesis Spring 2017 Preface Thanks to Aril Schultzen, Marie Ekeberg, Thomas Plagemann, Morten Rosseland, Linda Sørensen, Esra Boncuk, Torstein Winterseth and David Huynh for their help. 3 4 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Motivation . .4 1.2 Problem . .5 1.3 Methodology . .6 1.4 Outline . .6 2 Background 7 2.1 Virtualization . .7 2.2 QEMU . 10 2.3 PC . 12 2.4 Operating system . 12 2.5 PCI . 17 2.6 PCI-Express . 20 2.7 SR/IOV . 23 2.8 E1000 . 24 2.9 Igb . 28 3 Framework 33 4 Goals 37 5 Methodology and tools 39 6 Environment 41 7 Discovery 45 8 Results 47 8.1 MMIO . 49 8.2 Device structure . 54 8.3 New advanced descriptors . 55 8.4 Initialize and cleanup. 57 8.5 EEPROM . 57 8.6 PHY (MDIC) . 58 8.7 Statistics . 59 8.8 Descriptor queues . 59 5 8.9 Legacy interrupt . 59 8.10 VMState . 60 9 Conclusion 61 9.1 Summary . 61 9.2 Open problems . 61 9.2.1 MMIO . 62 9.2.2 Descriptor queues . 62 9.2.3 SR/IOV . 63 6 List of Figures 2.1 The Von Neumann architecture that most computer system derive its architectural design from.[33] . .8 2.2 Layers of communication . .9 2.3 The official QEMU-logo[6] . 10 2.4 QEMU as seen from the host operating system.[27] . 11 2.5 A 80’s IBM PC[11] and todays HP Compaq PC[10]. -
Filesystem Considerations for Embedded Devices ELC2015 03/25/15
Filesystem considerations for embedded devices ELC2015 03/25/15 Tristan Lelong Senior embedded software engineer Filesystem considerations ABSTRACT The goal of this presentation is to answer a question asked by several customers: which filesystem should you use within your embedded design’s eMMC/SDCard? These storage devices use a standard block interface, compatible with traditional filesystems, but constraints are not those of desktop PC environments. EXT2/3/4, BTRFS, F2FS are the first of many solutions which come to mind, but how do they all compare? Typical queries include performance, longevity, tools availability, support, and power loss robustness. This presentation will not dive into implementation details but will instead summarize provided answers with the help of various figures and meaningful test results. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Block devices 3. Available filesystems 4. Performances 5. Tools 6. Reliability 7. Conclusion Filesystem considerations ABOUT THE AUTHOR • Tristan Lelong • Embedded software engineer @ Adeneo Embedded • French, living in the Pacific northwest • Embedded software, free software, and Linux kernel enthusiast. 4 Introduction Filesystem considerations Introduction INTRODUCTION More and more embedded designs rely on smart memory chips rather than bare NAND or NOR. This presentation will start by describing: • Some context to help understand the differences between NAND and MMC • Some typical requirements found in embedded devices designs • Potential filesystems to use on MMC devices 6 Filesystem considerations Introduction INTRODUCTION Focus will then move to block filesystems. How they are supported, what feature do they advertise. To help understand how they compare, we will present some benchmarks and comparisons regarding: • Tools • Reliability • Performances 7 Block devices Filesystem considerations Block devices MMC, EMMC, SD CARD Vocabulary: • MMC: MultiMediaCard is a memory card unveiled in 1997 by SanDisk and Siemens based on NAND flash memory. -
Operating System Structures
COP 4610: Introduction to Operating Systems (Fall 2016) Operating System Structures Zhi Wang Florida State University Content • Operating system services • User interface • System calls • Operating system structures • Virtual machines Operating System Services • Operating systems provides an environment for program execution and services to programs and users • a set of services is helpful to (visible to) users: • user interface • program execution • I/O operation • file-system manipulation • communication • error detection • another set of services exists for ensuring efficient operation of the system: • resource allocation • accounting • protection and security A View of Operating System Services Operating System Services (User-Visible) • User interface • most operating systems have a user interface (UI). • e.g., command-Line (CLI), graphics user interface (GUI), or batch • Program execution • load and execute an program in the memory • end execution, either normally or abnormally • I/O operations • a running program may require I/O such as file or I/O device • File-system manipulation • read, write, create and delete files and directories • search or list files and directories • permission management Operating System Services (User-Visible) • Communications • processes exchange information, on the same system or over a network • via shared memory or through message passing • Error detection • OS needs to be constantly aware of possible errors • errors in CPU, memory, I/O devices, programs • it should take appropriate actions to ensure correctness -
Digital Preservation Guide: 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks Caralie Heinrichs And
DIGITAL PRESERVATION GUIDE: 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks Digital Preservation Guide: 3.5-Inch Floppy Disks Caralie Heinrichs and Emilie Vandal ISI 6354 University of Ottawa Jada Watson Friday, December 13, 2019 DIGITAL PRESERVATION GUIDE 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 History of the Floppy Disk ......................................................................................................................... 3 Where, when, and by whom was it developed? 3 Why was it developed? 4 How Does a 3.5-inch Floppy Disk Work? ................................................................................................. 5 Major parts of a floppy disk 5 Writing data on a floppy disk 7 Preservation and Digitization Challenges ................................................................................................. 8 Physical damage and degradation 8 Hardware and software obsolescence 9 Best Practices ............................................................................................................................................. 10 Storage conditions 10 Description and documentation 10 Creating a disk image 11 Ensuring authenticity: Write blockers 11 Ensuring reliability: Sustainability of the disk image file format 12 Metadata 12 Virus scanning 13 Ensuring integrity: checksums 13 Identifying personal or sensitive information 13 Best practices: Use of hardware and software 14 Hardware -
System Log Files Kernel Ring Buffer Viewing Log Files the Log Files
System Log Files Most log files are found in /var/log Checking logs are critical to see if things are working correctly Checking logs is critical to see if things are working correctly. Take a look at all the log files on scratch ls /var/log Kernel Ring Buffer The kernel ring buffer is something like a log file for the kernel; however, unlike other log files, it’s stored in memory rather than in a disk file. You can use the dmesg command to view it. Many times it is logged to /var/log/dmesg as well. It requires sudo privileges to read the /var/log/dmesg file, but not to run the dmesg command. Viewing log files There are a number of commands to view log files. cat less head tail Anytime a new entry is added to a log file, it is appended to the end of the file. This is one of those times where tail is particularly useful. Usually when we want to look at log files we want to look at the most recent entries. When organizing our viewing command - order matters. Most of the following commands produce different results. And all are useful depending on what type of results you want. Go through the thought process and figure out what each command does. Can you figure out which three produce identical results? cat /var/log/syslog cat /var/log/syslog | grep daemon cat /var/log/syslog | grep daemon | tail -n 10 cat /var/log/syslog | tail -n 10 cat /var/log/syslog | tail -n 10 | grep daemon less /var/log/syslog less /var/log/syslog | tail -n 10 | grep daemon head -n 10 /var/log/syslog head -n 10 /var/log/syslog | grep daemon tail -n 10 /var/log/syslog tail -n 10 /var/log/syslog | grep daemon If you add the -f option to the tail command it provides a live watch of the log file. -
Introduction to the Linux Kernel: Challenges and Case Studies
Introduction to the Linux kernel: challenges and case studies Juan Carlos Sáez Alcaide Department of Computer Architecture and Automation ArTeCS Group Complutense University of Madrid IV Semana de la Informática 2018 Feb 8, 2018 About Me Juan Carlos Sáez Alcaide ([email protected]) Interim Associate Professor, UCM Department of Computer Architecture and Automation Teaching: Operating Systems, Linux and Android Internals,… Member of the ArTeCS Research Group High Performance Computing Computer Architecture Interaction between system software and architecture … UCM Campus Representative of the USENIX Int’l Association Login (USENIX Magazine) IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 2 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Main Features 3 Kernel Control Paths and Concurrency 4 Common Kernel abstractions 5 A case study: PMCTrack tool IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 3 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Main Features 3 Kernel Control Paths and Concurrency 4 Common Kernel abstractions 5 A case study: PMCTrack tool IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 4 Unix (I) Unics – Unix (1969) Created by Ken Thompson and rewrit- ten in “C” by Dennis Ritchie (1973) V6 (1975): Public source code (AT&T license) BSD distributions (Billy Joy) John Lion’s book on UNIX V6 Keys to success 1 Inexpensive license 2 Source code available 3 Code was simple and easy to modify 4 Ran on modest HW IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 5 Unix (II) Unix (Cont.) V7 (1979): code can be no longer used for academic purposes Xenix (1980) Microsoft SCO Unix System III (1982) Unix System V (1983) HP-UX, IBM’s AIX, Sun’s Solaris IV Semana de la Informática 2018 - 6 Unix (III) Proyecto GNU (1983) - Richard Stallman SO GNU: Emacs, GNU compiler collection (GCC), GNU Hurd (kernel) Minix v1 (1987) - Andrew Tanenbaum Richard Stallman Minimal Unix-like OS (Unix clone) Teaching purposes. -
I.MX Encrypted Storage Using CAAM Secure Keys Rev
AN12714 i.MX Encrypted Storage Using CAAM Secure Keys Rev. 1 — 11/2020 Application Note Contents 1 Preface 1 Preface............................................1 Devices often contain highly sensitive information which is consistently at risk 1.1 Intended audience and scope......1 1.2 References...................................1 to get physically lost or stolen. Setting user passwords does not guarantee data 2 Overview......................................... 1 protection against unauthorized access. The attackers can simply bypass the 2.1 DM-Crypt......................................1 software system of a device and access the data storage directly. Only the 2.2 DM-Crypt accelerated by CAAM use of encryption can guarantee data confidentiality in the case where storage .....................................................2 media is directly accessed. 2.3 DM-Crypt using CAAM's Secure Key...............................................3 This document provides steps to run a transparent storage encryption at block 3 Hands-On........................................4 level using DM-Crypt taking advantage of the secure key feature provided 3.1 Installation....................................4 by i.MXs Cryptographic Accelerator and Assurance Module (CAAM). The 3.2 Usage...........................................6 document applies to all i.MX SoCs having CAAM module. The feature is not 3.3 Performance................................ 9 available on i.MX SoCs with DCP. 4 Revision History............................ 10 5 Appendix A. Configuration...........