ICCROM

NEWSLETTER June 2006 32

ICCROM

ICCROM, the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, is an intergovernmental organization (IGO), and the only institution of its kind dedicated to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage worldwide, including monuments and sites, as well as museum, library and archive collections. ICCROM fulfi ls its mission through collecting and disseminating information; co-ordinating research; offering consultancy and advice; providing advanced training; and promoting awareness of the value of preserving cultural heritage.

ICCROM Via di San Michele, 13 I-00153 Rome, Italy Telephone: +39-06585531 Fax: +39-0658553349 [email protected] www. iccrom.org

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY Programmes Staff PARTNERS IN ICCROM’S PROGRAMMES 2005 – 2006 Academy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius, Lithuania Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain National Research Laboratory for Conservation of The articles in this newsletter Offi ce of the Director-General Isabelle d’Ailhaud de Brisis, Agbodrafo Municipality, Togo Estonian Academy of Arts, Tallinn, Estonia Cultural Property (NRLCP), India refl ect the range of programme Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General, Administrative Assistant Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan The European Commission Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN) Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum, Fine Arts Department, Thailand Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation activities carried out by ICCROM Finland Food and Agriculture Organization of the United (NORAD) during 2005–2006. These activities Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Chiara Lespérance, Administrative Amis du Patrimoine, Togo Nations (FAO) Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research take place worldwide and take Administration, Assistant Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientifi c The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), USA (NIKU) on a variety of forms. They involve Organization (ALECSO) The Getty Foundation, USA Norwegian University of Science and Technology courses, meetings, seminars and Maria Teresa Jaquinta, Offi ce of Communication and Information Archaeological Survey of India Helsinki University of Technology, Finland (NTNU) publications on a wide range of Italian Government Development Robert Killick, Manager Asian Academy for Heritage Management ICOM-Conservation Committee (ICOM-CC) Old Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), Lithuania Association de Développement de Tiébélé Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), France Opifi cio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy topics, as well as technical advisory Co-operation Coordinator Botswana National Museum, Botswana Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH), Organisation of World Heritage Cities missions and other forms of support Mónica García Robles, Web Administrator Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI), Canada Seville, Spain Parks Canada to Member States. Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada International Committee for the Conservation of Pontifi cal Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training, Caribbean Regional Branch of the International Mosaics (ICCM) Church, Holy See The ICCROM programmes that have Geraldine Fructuoso, Administrative Information & Fellowships Council on Archives International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice Centre de Recherches sur la conservation des International Council of Museums (ICOM) Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World been recommended by Council and Assistant documents graphiques (CRCDG), France International Council on Archives (ICA) Heritage Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunis, approved by the General Assembly Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant Centre for Building Technology, Finland International Council on Monuments and Sites Tunisia for the 2006-2007 Biennium are as Sonia Santangelo, Administrative Clerk Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (CHDA), (ICOMOS) Republic of Montenegro Institute for Conservation of follows: Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk formerly PMDA, Mombasa, Kenya International Federation of Library Associations and Cultural Monuments, Serbia and Montenegro Sites Unit Centre International de la Construction en Terre Institutions (IFLA) Republic of Montenegro Regional Institute for - Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de International Institute for Conservation (IIC) Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor, Serbia ICCROM Forum Joseph King, Unit Director Documentation, Library and Archives Grenoble (CRATerre-ENSAG), France Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Italy and Montegengro Preventive conservation Paul Arenson, Manager Centro de Conservação e preservação fotográfi ca Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Sharing conservation decisions Zaki Aslan, Project Coordinator, ATHAR (FUNARTE), Brazil Kabaka Foundation, Uganda Heritage) CollAsia 2010 (for Southeast Asian María Mata Caravaca, Archivist Centro de Conservação Integrada Urbana e Territorial Library of Congress, USA Robben Island Museum, South Africa collections) Webber Ndoro, Project Manager, AFRICA (CECI), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Direzione Generale per la Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Centro Europeo Venezia Copenhagen, Denmark Archives and libraries collections 2009 Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnica per la Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Italy Samuel H. Kress Foundation conservation Conservazione del Patrimonio Storico-Architettonico Ministry of Culture, Azerbaijan Saneyocop (South Asian Network of Young Built heritage Sadahiko Tanaka, Project Manager Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant (CISTeC), Italy Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Bulgaria Conservation Professionals) AFRICA 2009 Centro Internacional para la Conservación del Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities and SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre for Archaeology ATHAR Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager, Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant Patrimonio (CICOP), Tenerife, Spain Museums, Syrian Arab Republic and Fine Arts), Thailand Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities, Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, Italy (CNCR), Santiago de Chile, Chile Lebanon Soprintendenza per i beni architettonici e per il Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance Chalmers University of Technology, Göteburg, Ministry of Culture, Department of Cultural Heritage paesaggio per l’Umbria, Italy 2009 Service/Library Assistant Sweden Protection, Lithuania Soprintendenza Regionale dell’Umbria, Italy Chefferie de Tiébélé Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport, Soprintendenza Regionale per i Beni e le Attività ICCROM NEWSLETTER, 32 Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist Administration and Logistics Children of Phrae (COP), Thailand Georgia Culturali della Liguria, Genoa, Italy JUNE 2006 Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Comité de Gestion du Tombeau des Askia, Gao, Mali Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway South African Heritage Resources Agency Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ICVBC, Italy Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for Swedish International Development Cooperation Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory Coordinator Administration Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Offi ce, Asia/ International Development Cooperation, Finland Agency (Sida), Sweden ISBN 92-9077-202-6 Pacifi c Culture Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Japan Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN 1010-2639 Elena Incerti Medici, Meriem Boudjelti, EPA Fund Co-ordinator Curso de Especialização em Conservação e Antiquities, Jordan Department of Landscape Planning (SLU) © ICCROM 2006 Senior Administrative Assistant Restauração de Monumentos e Conjuntos Históricos Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara Tampere University of Technology, Finland Roberto Nahum, Information Systems (CECRE), Brazil Mombasa Old Town Conservation Offi ce (MOTCO), UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris, France Departamento de Ingegniería Civil, Pontifi cia Kenya UNESCO, Division des politiques culturelles et du Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative Administrator Universidad Católica del Perú Municipality of Kotor, Serbia and Montenegro dialogue interculturel, Paris, France Cover images Assistant, AFRICA 2009 Département des Eaux et Forêts, Gao, Mali Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway UNESCO Offi ce, Amman, Jordan Top left: A funerary monument Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy Department of Antiquities, Malawi Naaba of Kokologho UNESCO Offi ce, Bangkok, Thailand in the Non-Catholic Cemetery of Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative Department of Antiquities, Tanzania Nara Municipality, Japan UNESCO Offi ce, Beirut, Lebanon Rome. Assistant, ATHAR Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk Department of Antiquities and Museums, Uganda National Archives of Brazil (AN), Brazil UNESCO Offi ce, New Dehli, India DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation, UNESCO Offi ce, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories Top right: The Old City of Nablus in National Board of Antiquities, Finland National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and National Centre for Arts and Culture, The Gambia UNESCO Offi ce, Venice, Italy April 2002 (© K. Bishara). Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk Montenegro National Commission for Museums and Monuments, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France Bottom left: the library in Schloss Direcção Geral dos Edifi cíos e Monumentos Nigeria UNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal Regional Offi ce Branitz, Cottbus, Germany Collections Unit Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk Nacionais, Portugal National Heritage Board, Sweden for Asia and the Pacifi c), Bangkok, Thailand (© Stiftung Fürst Pückler Museum Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bénin National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Burkina Faso Université Libanaise, Centre de Conservation et Park und Schloß Branitz). Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics National Institute for Cultural Monuments, Bulgaria Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Cameroun National Monuments Council, Namibia Restauration, Tripoli, Lebanon Bottom right: Participants of the Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Senior Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Gabon National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and University of Botswana ATHAR course examine mosaics. Conservation Adviser Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Madagascar Montenegro University of Hong Kong, Architectural Conservation Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Niger National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands Programme, China Katriina Similä, Project Manager Giuseppe Cioffi , Driver & Messenger Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Sénégal National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe University of Perugia, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Togo National Museums of Kenya University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel et du National Museums of Namibia University of Santo Tomes, Philippines All images © ICCROM Archive unless Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist Développement Culturel, Congo National Museum of the Philippines, Manila University of Urbino, Italy otherwise credited. Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel, Mali National Park Service, USA University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe José Luiz Pedersoli Junior, Research Direction Régionale des Sports et de la Culture, Gao, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, US/ICOMOS Scientist Mali Nara (NRICPN), Japan Valletta Rehabilitation Project Offi ce, Malta DOCOMOMO International National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, World Conservation Union (IUCN) Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), Benin Tokyo (NRICPT), Japan World Monuments Fund (WMF)

Partner list,15 June 2006 CONTENTS ICCROM NEWSLETTER 32, JUNE 2006

Refl ections on ICCROM’s 50th Anniversary 2

ICCROM News and Events 5

Cultural Heritage in Post-Confl ict Recovery 8

Teamwork for Integrated Emergency Management (TIEM) 10

Travel Operators: New Partners in Protecting Cultural Heritage 11

Millennium Development Goals and Cultural Heritage 12

COLLASIA 2010: Professionals on the Move 13

Science and Archives: the Advantages of Reciprocity 14

The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome 15

Building a Risk Management Learning Community 16

ICCROM and the Conservation of Built Heritage 17

Living Heritage Sites Workshop: Empowering the Community 18

Conservation Training in the Arab Region: Regional Context and International Trends 19

Training in Archaeological Conservation in Southeast Europe 20

Refl ections on ICCROM’s Internship Programme 21

ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions 23

Publications for Sale 27 2 FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL

Reflections on ICCROM’s 50th Anniversary Mounir Bouchenaki It is with even greater pleasure than usual (ICCROM & Italia. Quarant’anni per la that I contribute to this latest issue of the salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale): iccrom Newsletter, since it is the 50th in this climate of post-war ferment, anniversary of the resolution taken in 1956 a number of major international during the 9th session of unesco’s General committees and institutions for the Conference held in New Delhi to create protection of cultural heritage were an international centre for the study of the established, and it became necessary to conservation and restoration of cultural hasten the commissioning of the fi rst heritage, of which the headquarters would major operations to protect universally be in Rome. famous but seriously imperilled Th is resolution was the result of archaeological sites. discussions started in 1952 by the Swiss Th is situation highlighted the need representative, who considered that to establish an intergovernmental given the state of cultural heritage, the technical agency to study and international community did not require disseminate methods and research the creation of a fund, as had originally in the fi eld of conservation and been suggested, but rather that of a restoration. specialised institution with the primary Fifty years after the New Delhi functions of coordinating research, resolution, we are now able to see the contributing to the training of a body of tremendous progress that has been conservation and restoration professionals, accomplished in the restoration and and creating appropriate documentation. conservation of cultural heritage and, Th e fi rst question that comes to mind, notably thanks to iccrom, in the training, in my opinion, is the pertinence of that in various regions around the world, of historic decision, followed naturally by the at least two generations of experts and question of its validity after nearly half a professionals in the fi eld. But at the same century of iccrom’s existence. It brings us time, in order to respond to the urgent back to the middle of the twentieth century, needs arising from damage to sites, only a decade since the creation of unesco historical monuments, museums, libraries and the end of one of the most murderous and archives, caused not only by confl icts confl icts in the history of humanity. but also by natural disasters, one can safely As well as the innumerable casualties claim with no risk of being contradicted of this war, there was also the tragic loss that iccrom, supported by and in of cultural heritage. Th ese circumstances partnership with other national institutions, also, by the way, led the founding fathers of is more necessary than ever. unesco to implement the fi rst international Th is is true also of other institutions treaty dedicated to the protection of cultural such as the Istituto Centrale del Restauro heritage and to ensure the adoption, by in Rome, iccrom’s immediate neighbour 1954, of the Hague Convention, as well in its prestigious and well-known premises as the fi rst Protocol for the Protection of at the Via di San Michele. As the Director Cultural Property in the Event of Armed General of icr, Catarina Bon Valsassina, Confl ict. Th e fact that a second protocol to noted in 2005 in her introduction to the this convention was drafted, then adopted, English translation of Cesare Brandi’s at Th e Hague in 1999 goes to show, Th eory of Restoration, ‘requests for the icr’s unfortunately, that armed confl icts are not presence abroad in the conservation fi eld, on the wane, even though they have changed involving manifold aspects of scientifi c in nature. Th eir consequences are still just advice, direct treatment, and training as disastrous to humans, their environment, of conservator-restorers, has grown and cultural and natural heritage. exponentially in the past ten years.’ Two years after this Convention was Moreover, let us not forget that, at the promulgated, the decision to create iccrom General Conference that led to the birth of was taken and Italy off ered to provide a iccrom, one of the fi rst recommendations location for its headquarters. As rightly concerning a specifi c area of cultural pointed out in the document published on heritage was adopted, namely how to the occasion of iccrom’s 40th anniversary deal with archaeological research and the

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL 3

organization of excavations. In spite of For his part, our colleague Jukka the half-century that separates us from Jokilehto, in his work entitled A History of the drafting of this text, it has to be Architectural Conservation (Oxford, 1999), acknowledged that the issues it raises are reminds us that ‘modern conservation has still very much to the fore today. been essentially related to new historical Th ere is no doubt that iccrom Member consciousness, but it has also been closely States (which number 117 at the time of linked with evolving science and systematic writing) are increasingly committed to research for knowledge about the past.’ ensuring the protection of their cultural It is a fact that we are witnessing, on heritage. One can take great satisfaction in the one hand, the widespread popularity noting two recent trends that confi rm this. of unesco’s World Heritage List, and an Th e fi rst is the steady increase over the last ardent desire by States to put their cultural three decades in the number of States that and natural heritage sites on that list. On have ratifi ed the 1972 unesco Convention the other hand, we are also witnessing to our on the Protection of the World Cultural regret the damage and destruction of sites and Natural Heritage, with the prospect that are considered less important, hence the of an almost universal acceptance of this danger of advocating a hierarchy of sites and international standard-setting instrument. of distinguishing between major and minor Th is is highly unusual and worth taking types of heritage. Similarly, the treatment note of. On three occasions iccrom, as a of the various forms of intangible cultural specialised intergovernmental institution, heritage must not be perceived as merely a together with two non-governmental minor adjunct to tangible heritage. organisations, icomos and iucn, is mentioned It is worth mentioning, in this respect, in the text of the 1972 Convention: in Article the thoughts of the former President of 8.3, in Article 13.7, and in Article 14. iccrom’s General Assembly, Abdelaziz Here is another reason that leads one to Daoulatli. During a conference held in ask Member States, as well as those who Reggio Calabria in 2003, he raised the issue are not yet members, to adhere to and thus of the complementarity of the 1972 and reinforce iccrom’s role and position as a 2003 Conventions, stating that ‘both types ‘centre of excellence’ for training, research of heritage constitute an indivisible whole, and awareness-raising in the conservation tangible heritage being in fact the material of cultural heritage. expression of intangible heritage. Under Th e second trend observed on the these conditions, is it not more prudent and international level, in terms of the States’ interest in cultural heritage, regards the speed with which the recent unesco Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, adopted in Paris in 2003, was ratifi ed. Nearly fi fty States are at present parties to this convention, which helped to provide a wider and more encompassing defi nition of the notion of cultural heritage, one that is no longer limited to its tangible aspects. In his foreword to the Apologie du périssable (Ode to the Perishable), Pierre Nora noted that: the extension of the concept of heritage has been accompanied by astounding diversifi cation. In the same manner, it has promoted an astounding principle of infl ation… It is in fact a new form of managing our relationship with time and space which is being set, a vast outburst of ICCROM’s fi rst our historical memory and a shift in premises in the Via its traditional supports of reference. Cavour, Rome.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 4 FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL

judicious to synergize both components of continent’s cultural heritage. Th e Nairobi cultural heritage, unifying the methods and meeting, which brought together African means used to conserve them, and hence Ministers of Culture in November 2005, manage to give an even more humanistic and the Summit of African Heads of State meaning to the universal, putting greater held in Khartoum in January 2006 added emphasis on the notion of cultural diversity.’ further weight to this decision. It thus off ers Concerning this point, iccrom’s role a new challenge for iccrom, which is already will also be fundamental in assisting with involved in a large-scale Africa-oriented the implementation of policies for the training programme. training of technical staff specialised in Th e recent meeting, held in Venice in collecting, recording, listing, safeguarding, December 2005 by the Italian Ministries of and conserving the tangible elements that Foreign Aff airs and Culture in cooperation generally provide the medium for the with unesco Venice Offi ce, on the theme expressions and manifestations of mankind’s of the cultural heritage of South Eastern intangible heritage. Europe, was honoured by the participation Based on the experience acquired, and the of the President of the former Yugoslav legitimacy bestowed upon it by its Member Republic of Macedonia, as well as all the States, iccrom must continue, via its Ministers of Culture and personnel in governing bodies of the General Assembly charge of heritage protection in the Balkans. and the Council, to analyse the state of Th is important meeting, presided over by cultural heritage worldwide, and to evaluate the Italian Minister of Culture, follows the the impact of its training and awareness- meeting held in Mostar, in July 2004, on the raising programmes. Th anks to the expertise eve of the inauguration of the reconstruction accumulated by iccrom’s staff and experts, and restoration work on the Mostar Bridge, one can be sure that the new challenges held in the presence of the Heads of States facing the international community at the of the region and the Director General of dawn of the third millennium with respect unesco, Mr Koïchiro Matsuura. to the safeguarding its cultural and natural iccrom was invited to this meeting, and heritage can be met. was able to evaluate the needs expressed All experts agree on the fact that for the training heritage professionals, fragility is one of the characteristics of the so as to safeguard a heritage which was complex reality that is cultural heritage. Th e unfortunately seriously damaged by the disappearance of the latter, as underlined recent confl ict that tore the region apart. by French art historian André Chastel, Th is situation is characterised by urgent represents a major loss. Th e strategies needs for the type of training iccrom had developed by my predecessors at iccrom already developed when it was confronted over the last few decades, especially in the with a similar situation in post-war Iraq elaboration and implementation of training and Afghanistan and responded in a courses in Rome and in various locations timely manner. Th e training needs are around the world, have contributed in still enormous, and the support of donor a signifi cant manner to the creation of countries is vital if one wishes, once again, laboratories, schools and institutes, of which to ensure some of humanity’s treasures and some are already of international repute. part of its memory survive. Among them, the Ecole du Patrimoine Th e point of this brief editorial is not Africain in Cotonou (Benin) stands out. to enumerate all the actions iccrom could Th is school deserves a special mention undertake. After all, there would also be because it serves as a model of good practice much to say about other regions of the for the training of professional heritage world such as Europe, Asia, North and workers. Furthermore, the recent decision South America, and even the Pacifi c and the taken in Cape Town, South Africa, in July Mediterranean basin. 2005 by the World Heritage Committee Th e celebration of iccrom’s 50th to support the initiative aimed at creating anniversary will provide other opportunities an African fund in favour of cultural to widen our scope of action and, heritage, represents a decisive step in the particularly, to explore and develop potential reinforcement of the structures responsible partnerships to meet the new challenges for the protection and valorisation of the that will lie ahead.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 ICCROM MATTERS 5

ICCROM News and Events

24th General Assembly of ICCROM having worked as a consultant on the ituc Th e 24th General Assembly of the Member and Africa 2009 programmes as well as on States of iccrom took place in Rome activities relating to World Heritage. from 9 to 11 November 2005. Th e General On 27 May 2005, iccrom held a Assembly approved iccrom’s proposed reception to celebrate the remarkable service programme for the 2006-2007 Biennium. to the organization of Alejandro Alva Long-term activities from the previous Balderrama, Senior Adviser, Architectural biennia will continue, but there are also Conservation, on the occasion of his new initiatives such as those focused on the retirement after twenty-six years at iccrom. conservation of sound and image archives Th e Director-General stressed Alejandro’s and on the conservation of manuscript fundamental contribution to iccrom’s work collections. over the years, in particular to the annual Th e General Assembly approved the Architectural Conservation course (arc), Dr Abdel-Aziz Daoulatli accepts the appointment of Dr Mounir Bouchenaki and to the promotion worldwide of the ICCROM Award for 2005. as the new Director-General of iccrom conservation of earthen architecture. and congratulated the outgoing Director- In 2006, Herb Stovel, former Unit General, Dr Nicholas Stanley-Price, on his Director of the Heritage Settlements achievements during his period of tenure Unit at iccrom, was awarded the Medal (2000-2005). Delegates also elected thirteen of the Order for Merits to Lithuania for new members of iccrom’s Council. services to the protection and preservation Th e iccrom Award was presented to Dr of Lithuanian cultural heritage. His Abdel-Aziz Daoulatli. Th e award is given conservation work in Lithuania was to an individual for outstanding services carried out initially as a consultant for in the fi eld of conservation, protection and the Canadian Urban Institute and then as restoration of cultural heritage and for a staff member for iccrom, particularly contributing to the development of iccrom. within the framework of the Integrated Dr Daoulatli has made a major contribution Territorial and Urban Conservation (ituc) to the conservation of the heritage of Tunisia programme. in particular and North Africa in general. He has also been of long-standing service Fellows and interns to iccrom. From 1977 to 2001, he served Toby Raphael held a fi ve-month fellowship almost continuously as a member of the at iccrom from May to September 2005. He iccrom Council. He was also Vice-Chair is a senior conservator at the U.S. National (1994-1997) and Chair (2000-2001). Park Service (nps) and works at its central exhibit facility where he serves as exhibition New Member States conservation coordinator for exhibits José Luiz Pedersoli Junior joined Th e number of countries joining iccrom nationwide. During his time at iccrom, he ICCROM in 2005 as Research Scientist. continues to increase. Since June 2006, developed a set of practical standards to assist Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Senegal, and managers, exhibit specialists, and museum Togo have all become Member States, staff in general, in the safe exhibition of bringing the total to 117. vulnerable museum collections. Th ese will be published on the internet in 2006. ICCROM staff Dr Cao Lijuan held a three-month José Luiz Pedersoli Junior joined iccrom fellowship from September to November in 2005 as Research Scientist in the 2005. She recently completed her doctorate Collections Unit. A citizen of Brazil, in Cultural Geography (National Parks José Luis is a conservation scientist and and World Heritage Research) at Beijing a specialist in the application of scientifi c University. During her stay at iccrom methods to the conservation of paper and Dr Lijuan investigated aspects of the paper-related materials. He was also course conservation of historic gardens and cultural assistant for the iccrom Scientifi c Principles landscapes in Italy. of Conservation course held in Brazil in Dr Hicran Topçu was awarded a three- 1995, and in Rome in 1996. months fellowship from February to April Elena Incerti Medici has been appointed 2006. Dr Topçu, who participated in iccrom’s as Senior Administrative Assistant, Sites International Course on Integrated Territorial Unit. Elena is well known to iccrom, and Urban Conservation in 2003, holds a [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 6 ICCROM MATTERS

ICCROM Courses Ph.D. in Architectural Restoration from the University of British Columbia. While at December 2005–November Middle East Technical University (metu) iccrom, she worked with the Documentation 2005 in Ankara. During her stay at iccrom, she Service, Library and Archive to create a Core Regional Course on carried out research on ‘Risk Management preservation and management plan for the Conservation of Archaeological for Cultural Heritage in South East Anatolia iccrom image archives. Sites, Tripoli, Lebanon. 14 - a pilot study for the cultural landscape of November-22 December 2005, Adopt a Mediterranean Heritage 16-27 January 2006. Organized Hasankeyf ’. by ICCROM in collaboration with Dr Robert Waller was a Fellow from iccrom is participating with the Euromed the Université Libanaise, UNESCO Beirut Offi ce, DGA (General March to August 2006. He has a Ph.D. Heritage programme in a new initiative Directorate of Antiquities, Ministry from Göteborg University Institute for called ‘Adopt a Mediterranean Heritage’. Th e of Culture, Lebanon), DGAM Conservation and is currently Chief of programme brings together cultural agencies (General Directorate of Antiquities & Museums, Ministry of Culture, Conservation at the Canadian Museum of concerned with endangered Mediterranean Syria), DGA (Department of Nature in Ottawa. During his fellowship, he heritage and potential international investors. Antiquities, Ministry of Tourism & investigated business sectors such as insurance (see www.euromedheritage.net) Antiquities, Jordan). and the protection of commercial properties Asian Academy for Heritage to see how they could make a major Conservation Research Group Management: 2005 Field School Conservation and Presentation contribution to improving the management In 2005, the Conservation Research Group of Archaeological Heritage in an and risk assessment of cultural heritage. (crg) was created within iccrom with the Urban Context, Hanoi, Vietnam. Professor Guo Xuan from the Faculty of aim of strengthening the organizations ability 1-12 December 2005. Organized by ICCROM in collaboration Architecture and Urban Planning, Chingquin to fulfi l one of its statutory functions of with UNESCO Bangkok, Deakin University, China, was awarded a two-month coordination, stimulation and dissemination University, Hanoi Architectural fellowship, from April to May 2006, to carry of research. It is an interdisciplinary Research Institute and Hanoi Architectural University. out research into ‘Architectural conservation team, spanning archaeology, art history, in cultural contexts: China. Th e regional conservation, conservation science and urban International Course: Conservation of Southeast Asian Collections in interpretation of international principles’. planning, refl ecting the increasing complexity Storage, Manila, the Philippines. During the last twelve months, Sarath of conservation research. 8-31 May 2006. Organized by Chandra Boyapati, Sarah Cleary, Tsepang Th e focus of research in conservation is ICCROM in collaboration with SEAMEO-SPAFA, the National Shano and Ulla Visscher have all held necessarily linked to an ‘object’ within a specifi c Museum of the Philippines and the internships at iccrom. Sarath Chandra cultural context; that ‘object’ can be as small University of Santo Tomas. Boyapati was a member of the team that and fragile as a textile fragment or as large Third International Course on prepared the Management Plan for the and apparently solid as a temple in Angkor. the Conservation of Modern Hampi World Heritage site in India, and But categories and typologies of ‘objects’ have Architecture (MARC 2006), Suburban developments of the Recent Past: has experience of working with the Indian been constantly expanding, due to research and Visions – Realities – Futures, Helsinki, National Trust for Arts and Culture. While increased awareness, and now include cultural Finland. 13 May-9 June 2006. at iccrom, he assisted the Sites Unit in the landscapes, anthropological items, and ideas Organized by the Alvar Aalto Academy, Finnish National Board development of the training workshop held and beliefs linked to objects or places (many of Antiquities, Tampere University in Th ailand in November 2005 under the subsumed under the category of intangible of Technology, Helsinki University Living Heritage Sites programme. heritage). With such expanded terms of of Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and ICCROM. Sarah Cleary held a three-month reference, an interdisciplinary approach to internship sponsored by us/icomos and conservation-restoration is a necessity: it must 12th International Course on Wood Conservation Technology (ICWCT supported by a generous grant from the include communities and stakeholders, as well 2006), Oslo, Norway. 29 May-7 July Samuel H. Kress Foundation. While at as diff erent ways of looking and seeing the 2006. Organized by Riksantikvaren, iccrom, she collaborated on an evaluation ‘object’ and its context, and diff erent ways of Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian of the conservation requirements of the researching and understanding. Institute for Cultural Heritage Protestant Cemetery in Rome (see page 15). Currently, the crg is working on a history of Research, the Museum of Cultural Tsepang Shano assisted with the iccrom to celebrate the long 50th anniversary History of Norway, and ICCROM. preparation of course material for the seventh of iccrom, from 1956, the year in which the 4th Technical Course on the ‘Regional Course on Conservation and creation of an international conservation and Conservation of Rock Art Heritage, Namibia. 17 July-10 August Management of Immovable Heritage’ held in research centre was approved, to 1959 when 2006. Organized by ICCROM Mombasa (August–November 2005) under the centre started functioning. Th is research in collaboration with National the Africa 2009 programme. She works project will not be a mere chronological Museums of Namibia, the National Heritage Council of Namibia and on immovable heritage at the Ministry of succession of events, but rather an analysis the Southern African Rock Art Tourism and Culture in Lesotho. and interdisciplinary story of the evolution of Project. Ulla Visscher of Vancouver is currently conservation-restoration, within iccrom, and all a graduate student at the School of Library, the Member States involved in the numerous Archival and Information Studies (slais), activities spanning its fi rst fi fty years.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] ICCROM MATTERS 7

ICCROM website redesigned submissions in French, Italian and Spanish ICCROM Courses (cont’d) Th e iccrom website was redesigned in in addition to English. If accepted for Specialised Course on spring 2006 to take account of emerging new publication after review, the papers are then Documentation and Management standards for website design. Th e redesign translated into English for their publication. of Heritage Sites in the Arab Region, Bosra, Syria and Umm Qais was carried out with the support of the Each article is accompanied by abstracts (Gedara), Jordan. 28 August-21 Italian Working Group of the European in English, French and Spanish. cmas is September 2006. Organized Minerva Project, a network of Ministries the only journal covering both theoretical by ICCROM in collaboration with ALECSO (The Arab League from European Member States (www. and practical issues in archaeological site Educational, Cultural and Scientifi c minervaeurope.org). Th e objectives of the conservation. Organization), DGAM (General project were to create an agreed European Directorate of Antiquities & Obituaries Museums, Ministry of Culture, common platform and standards for the Syria), DoA (Department of digitisation of cultural and scientifi c content Dr Omotoso Eluyemi, Director of the Antiquities, Ministry of Tourism on the web, and to ensure long-term National Commission of Museums and & Antiquities, Jordan) and DGA (General Directorate of Antiquities, accessibility and preservation. Monuments of Nigeria, died on 18 February Ministry of Culture, Lebanon). Th e Italian Working Group of the Minerva 2006 at the age of 58. Dr Omotoso was a Regional Course on archaeological Project developed a prototype website based man of several titles: Chief of Ife, the Apena conservation in Southeast on prior identifi cation of user needs, content of Ife, and the Okaomee of Igboukwu Europe 2006: Documentation, analysis and specifi c quality criteria for web among others. Most of his professional diagnosis and planning for conservation of archaeological applications, for example taking into account colleagues referred to him as Chief heritage, Archaeological diff erent disabilities and avoiding the use of Omotoso. Chief Omotoso was Chairman site of Sirmium, Serbia and colours that can harm eyesight. iccrom was of the africa  Steering Committee Montenegro. 28 August-22 September 2006. Organized by invited to participate as a case study for the from 2004 to 2005. He was a distinguished ICCROM in collaboration with project and benefi ted from the expertise of the scholar, writer and an accomplished orator. the Diana Centre for Preventive group and its methodological approach to web He was appointed to the post of Director Conservation, National Museum, Belgrade. development. General of the National Commission of Museums and Monuments in 2000 and was 8th Regional Course on Recent publications from ICCROM Conservation & Management of successful in securing the repatriation of Immovable Cultural Heritage in During the last twelve months, iccrom has Nigerian antiquities. He was also a Vice- sub-Saharan Africa, Porto-Novo, published the following titles: Chair of the World Heritage Committee Benin. 4 September-24 November 2006. Organized by ICCROM in • Traditional Conservation Practices in from 2003 to 2005. collaboration with the Direction Africa (iccrom Conservation Studies 2), Professor Roberto Di Stefano, architect du Patrimoine Culturel of Benin. edited by Th ierry Joff roy; and engineer, passed away on 16 June 2005. International Course on • Conservation of Living Religious Heritage He was the pupil of (and successor to) Conservation of Japanese Paper, (iccrom Conservation Studies 3), edited Roberto Pane as Professor in Restoration Tokyo, Japan. 11-30 September 2006. Organized by the National by Herb Stovel, Nicholas Stanley-Price at the University of Naples, one of the Research Institute for Cultural and Robert Killick; signatories of the Venice Charter, and Properties and ICCROM. • Th e Preservation of Great Zimbabwe. a major contributor to the defi nition of Reducing Risks to Collections, Your Monument, Our Shrine (iccrom modern restoration theory, often referred Ottawa, Canada. 16-27 October Conservation Studies 4) by Webber to as ‘restauro critico’. Professor Di 2006. Organized by the CCI (Canadian Conservation Institute) Ndoro; and Stefano was an active member of icomos and ICCROM in collaboration with • Legal Frameworks for the Protection of and a long-time president of the Italian the ICN (Netherlands Institute Immovable Cultural Heritage in Africa National Committee for icomos. He had for Cultural Heritage) and CMN (Canadian Museum of Nature). (iccrom Conservation Studies 5), edited a long-standing and friendly relationship by Webber Ndoro and Gilbert Pwiti. with iccrom, and took part in many joint International Course on Sharing Conservation Decisions, Rome, Italy. All iccrom publications, as well as a meetings and conferences. 16 October-10 November 2006. selection of those from other publishers, can Dr Téréba Togola died on 7 November Organized by ICCROM together now be purchased directly online from the 2005, at the age of 57. He was the National with the INP (Institut National du Patrimoine), ICR (Istituto Centrale iccrom bookshop, using a secure credit card Director of Cultural Heritage of Mali. per il Restauro) and OPD (Opifi cio payment system. Dr Togola pursued a brilliant career as a delle Pietre Dure). researcher in the Human Sciences Institute Conservation and Management of in Mali and was subsequently appointed Archaeological Sites (CMAS) National Director for the Arts and Culture. Th e peer-reviewed journal Conservation and He played a key role in promoting iccrom Management of Archaeological Sites (cmas), in his home country, and also made an which is jointly published by Earthscan/ invaluable contribution as a member of the James & James and iccrom, is now accepting Steering Committee of africa . [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 8 ICCROM FORUM

Cultural Heritage in Post-Conflict Recovery Nicholas Stanley-Price

ICCROM FORUM 4-6 October In situations of armed confl ict, buildings following a phase of violent disruption of 2005 and places that are symbolic of the enemy’s normal life. Th e crucial role of culture must be Armed confl ict and conservation: cultural heritage are sometimes the target of recognized and incorporated in the recovery promoting cultural heritage in deliberate attacks. Th e tacit goal in destroying process, for reasons both social and economic. post-war recovery symbolically important objects or places is to sap enemy morale. As a strategy it has Culture in the recovery from confl ict Invited speakers a long record in the history of war. Th e Cultural heritage plays an essential role in Sultan Barakat (Post-War unesco Declaration (2003) concerning the maintaining a people’s identity and armed Reconstruction and Development Unit, University of York, UK) intentional destruction of cultural heritage confl ict represents an extreme case where this Post-confl ict reconstruction and the has been developed in response to this is threatened. Th e many current situations recovery of cultural heritage. phenomenon. of armed confl ict in the world made the Neal Ascherson (author and But intentional targeting is only one Forum especially timely. Nevertheless, the journalist for The Observer, UK) symptom of the impact of armed confl ict on aim was to select cases for discussion for Cultural destruction by war, and its impact on group identities. cultural heritage. Less commonly reported which it is possible already to have some are the long-term eff ects of armed confl ict on historical perspective, rather than focusing on Jon Calame (Minerva Partners Inc., New York, USA) a people’s identity and sense of belonging to contemporary theatres of war. Divided cities and ethnic confl ict in a place and, in turn, the people’s response in During the three days of the Forum, the urban domain. ensuring the survival of its cultural heritage. specifi c cases were preceded by more general Gary Yia Lee (anthropologist, NSW, In general, the role of cultural heritage in discussions of the place of cultural heritage Australia) post-war recovery has received much less in the post-confl ict reconstruction of society Hmong post-war identity production: heritage maintenance attention than it deserves. and the impact of war on identities (see list of and cultural reinterpretation. It is all too easy to fall into the trap of presented papers). Cross-cultural comparisons Hermann Graf von Pückler conceiving of this role simply in terms of were also useful in providing insights into (Kuratorium of Branitz, Germany) the restoration of war-damaged buildings. understanding the nexus between ethnic/ Recovering a family heritage: a Restoration projects can often be benefi cial religious affi liations and space in divided personal experience in East Germany. both psychologically, in reviving the potency cities, such as Beirut, Belfast, Mostar, Nicosia Suad Amiry and Khaldun Bshara of familiar symbols, and practically in and Jerusalem. (Riwaq Center for Architectural Conservation, Palestinian enabling the buildings to resume their Th e case-studies came from the Territories) previous functions. But the thesis concerning Americas, Asia and Africa in addition to Political confl ict and recovery of culture and recovery from war is much Europe. Th eir very diversity might have cultural heritage in Palestine. broader than that. As the anthropologist weighed against any easy generalisations Valerie Magar (ICCROM) Valene Smith has written: ‘Wars are without about cultural heritage and armed confl ict. Armed confl ict and culture change in Chiapas, Mexico. equal as the time-markers of society. Lives However, accepting that each situation are so irrevocably changed that culture and deserves to be assessed within its own Gamini Wijesuriya (ICCROM) The restoration of the Temple of the behavior are marked by three phases: “before context, there were themes that constantly Sacred Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka: a the war”, “during the war”, and “after the recurred in the discussions. post-confl ict cultural response to loss war”.’ It is sobering to refl ect how often these In fact, they suggest a number of of identity. or similar phrases must be used around the important tentative conclusions: Boureima Tiékoroni Diamitani world today. • Attention to cultural heritage is indeed (West African Museums Programme, Senegal) Th e aim of the 2005 iccrom Forum was to essential in the post-war recovery Armed confl icts, peace culture and bring together experiences that demonstrate process, most importantly for its role protection of cultural heritage in that cultural heritage does play an important in maintaining feelings of continuity West Africa. role in recovery from situations of armed but also for its economic potential for Hortense Zagbayou (Musée des confl ict (and, of course, of natural disasters). employment and income-generation in Civilisations de Côte d’Ivoire) Promoting cultural heritage in a post- While humanitarian goals of adequate the immediate post-war period. war environment: the Côte d’Ivoire. housing, food and health are supreme in the • Intentional targeting tends to be Héctor Ismael Sermeño (Director post-war period, these are most successfully counter-productive, reinforcing the will Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural, accomplished when their cultural context to resist rather than sapping morale. El Salvador) is fully understood. Moreover, even in the • Physical separation barriers, as found Promoting cultural heritage in post- war recovery: El Salvador. midst of these basic human needs, in many in divided cities such as Nicosia and post-war situations there is evidence of a Belfast, are a symptom of severe social popular concern for immediate restoration breakdown between communities and The papers presented at the Forum of war-damaged heritage and for the revival tend only to exacerbate prejudices in the will be published by ICCROM in the ICCROM Conservation Studies of obsolescent traditions. Th is concern seems long-term. series. to answer to a strong psychosocial need to • A popular urge to restore damaged re-establish the familiar and the cherished public buildings can manifest itself

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] ICCROM FORUM 9

immediately after the cessation of hostilities, testifying to the power of visible cultural symbols in the recovery process (for example, Coventry Cathedral in 1945, Dubrovnik in 1993, the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka in 1998). • Craft revival and maintenance of cultural traditions post-confl ict can be strong unifying factors even after massive displacement of populations (e.g. among the Hmong community

dispersed worldwide after the Lao Stiftung und Schloss Branitz Fürst Pückler Museum Park © civil war (1953–1973) and for the Salvadoreños, of whom some 2.7 million are estimated to have emigrated during the twelve years of the civil war that broke out in 1980). • Th e drive to recover one’s family’s heritage can be powerful even in the face of formidable offi cial obstacles, exemplifi ed by the Pückler estate of Branitz in former East Germany. • Th e value of cultural heritage is well known to those who would exploit it in times of lawlessness but insuffi ciently to people in general, a scenario in which museums have a leading role to play (e.g. in West Africa).

• Cultural identities may be transformed ©AFP ©Gary Yia Lee as a result of armed confl ict (for quandary. As Jon Calame observed at the Top: the Pückler estate of Branitz in instance, among the Hmong and also Forum with reference to divided cities, ‘a former East Germany. in Chiapas under the Zapatistas) but a dilemma is unavoidable: to participate is Bottom left: A Jain Temple in Lahore, sense of place and belonging remains inevitably perceived as being partisan, while Pakistan, collapses after being attacked fundamental to human experience. inaction squanders opportunities to assist by Muslim protesters in December 1992. traumatized communities. Neither option What role for the professionals? Bottom right: Hmong embroidery used presents clear prospects for satisfaction and as decoration for women’s traditional Th e Forum concluded with an uncomfortable success. Th e neutrality and objectivity that are costumes. question: whereas, as we had concluded, it so much part of the professional’s ordinary is possible to document the importance of mind-set cannot be sustained. Professionals culture in the recovery process, how active attempting to avoid taking sides often fi nd a role are cultural heritage professionals that a political affi liation has been assigned to playing in post-confl ict situations? It is one them, since noncommittal behaviour can be thing to argue for incorporating culture in viewed by both rivals and critics of the state the recovery process but to what extent are as a tacit affi rmation of the status quo…’. the political authorities and humanitarian It is important to acknowledge these organizations convinced of the same? Unless realities of confl ict situations without convinced to the contrary, they would argue allowing them to diminish the urgency of that other priorities take precedence and making the case for cultural heritage. Th e ‘culture must wait’. participants in the Forum agreed that we So, there is a case that has to be made need to be more visible in post-confl ict — this was the premise of the Forum. Who situations and to demonstrate why. In a is best placed to make it and how can it be world riven by armed confl icts, there has made most eff ectively? Here the professionals, never been a greater need for advocates of especially those representing international cultural heritage to contribute actively to Nicholas Stanley-Price was Director- organizations, can fi nd themselves in a reconstruction and reconciliation goals. General of ICCROM from 2000 to 2005. [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 10 PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION

Teamwork for Integrated Emergency Management (TIEM) Kathleen Dardes (GCI) and Aparna Tandon (ICCROM)

TIEM Emergency preparedness is a topic that institutional level. For example, at the Vietnam TIEM has been organized most museums believe to be important Museum of Ethnology, Hanoi, conservation within the framework of the but often fi nd diffi cult to allocate time and staff , with approval from the Board of MEP (Museums Emergency resources to. Emergencies, after all, do not Directors, changed the title of the ‘Fire Programme) education initiative. MEP is a response to the happen everyday, and it is easy to postpone Prevention and Fighting Team’ to ‘Disaster needs expressed by museum taking action to put into eff ect even basic Prevention Team’. Th is refl ected a change of professionals all over the world preparedness and mitigation measures. institutional thinking as well as a role change to develop expertise in the areas of emergency preparedness and For the tiem partners, it was important within the team, enabling it to focus on the response. not simply to give a course but to help wider area of disaster management. institutions initiate the long process of risk Nguyen Th i Hong Mai and Le Anh Hoa, Partners assessment and emergency preparedness. participants from Vietnam commented: ICCROM Th at meant creating an education model Th ere is now a new emphasis on The International Council of Museums (ICOM) that would extend the experience of a course the skills and knowledge required The Getty Conservation Institute workshop into the institutional contexts to prevent and manage various risks (GCI) in which the participants worked, and give specifi cally hazardous to the museum Participants trainers/mentors an opportunity to provide and its collection, including natural National Museum of Cambodia, ongoing support and encouragement. and man-made disasters as well as Phnom Penh, Cambodia To serve this goal, Teamwork for Integrated relatively slower risks such as pest National Museum of Man, Bhopal, Emergency Management was developed as infestations. India National Museum of Ethnology, a three-phase course spread over a period While the team in Colombo National Osaka, Japan of eight months: a two-week introductory Museum, Sri Lanka has initiated a nation- National Museum of Korea, Seoul, workshop (15–26 August, 2005) in Bangkok, wide campaign for increasing awareness Republic of Korea National Museum of the Th ailand; a seven-month distance-mentoring on emergency preparedness for museum Philippines, Manila, Philippines phase (September 2005–March 2006), and a collections, their fellow participants in the Colombo National Museum, Sri review phase ( June 2006). National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Lanka National Museum, Bangkok, According to Evelyn Esguerra and Roberto Japan have created an incidents register to Thailand Balarbar from the National Museum of inform their risk management programme. Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, Philippines in Manila: All monthly progress updates and mentors’ Hanoi, Vietnam Distance mentoring was able to responses imbued a sense of teamwork and Additional participants include: bridge the gap between the trainers/ shared accomplishment. representatives of Graduate Programmes in Museology of mentors and participants despite Th e course was conceived as an experiment Hanoi University of Culture, diff erences in time and locations. Th e to determine whether it was possible to Vietnam, and of the University of trainers/mentors were able to guide create an education model to provide Philippines, Manila; Art Gallery of Hamilton, Ontario; and Canadian the participants as well as check the information and support to participants Conservation Institute, Ottawa, assigned tasks given to them. Each beyond the boundaries of a traditional course Canada. monthly progress report submitted or workshop. Th e experience revealed to by participants had a corresponding participants, instructors and the partners the Kathleen Dardes is Senior Project response and evaluation from the benefi ts of building a ‘community of practice’ Specialist, Education, at The Getty mentors. It was very useful for the that draws upon collective experience to Conservation Institute. participants to know whether they achieve change. were doing the right things and were Th is can be best summed up in the words on the right path in the opinion of of the team from the National Museum of their mentors and trainers. Philippines: During the distance-mentoring phase, Th is type of communication is like participants worked in their own institutions an ‘open learning process’ where free on a programme—determined by themselves exchange of information is possible. and their institutional colleagues—which Since all the information gained from took them through the processes of a the fi rst phase has been applied to the museum risk assessment and the basic second phase in the tiem course, it has steps of an emergency plan. A limited- been possible to observe and analyze access course website was set up to facilitate results. Although, inevitably, there are communication during this phase. some technological problems beyond Ongoing support and exchange of our control, we believe that distance information via distance mentoring helped to mentoring in the areas of professional Post-disaster recovery training exercise maintain a forward momentum and, in some development and training is a mode of at Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, Hanoi. cases, brought a change in thinking at the learning well worth pursuing.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] PUBLIC ADVOCACY 11

Travel Operators: New Partners in Protecting Cultural Heritage Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM) and Monica Ardemagni

Th e World Tourism Organization forecasts to visit before they depart, and to prepare Developing Tourism and that the number of tourists travelling from accordingly. Th ey want more enriching Protecting Cultural Heritage: one country to another will increase from 700 experiences, and are ready to give up certain a Challenge for the Twenty- million today to 1.5 billion in 2020. Cultural comforts on condition that they fi nd the First Century heritage is a strong motive for people to travel sites relatively unspoilt. Based on this new Workshop, 5 - 6 September and, therefore, a key factor in developing trend, businesses have created a new type 2005 tourism. Despite a growing awareness of the of ‘environmental’ guide and off er popular The workshop was attended need to protect cultural heritage, it is vital to travel packages that include, apart from the by twenty-two representatives take into account the potential destruction usual features, nature conservation activities of national tourism boards, embassies in Rome, national to the natural and cultural environment in which tourists can participate with the and international tour operators’ caused by mass tourism. But rather than local communities. associations and national as well as censuring tourism, which constitutes an In his presentation, Andreas Mueseler, international institutions dealing with conservation and/or cultural indispensable resource for many countries, of ltu Touristik, highlighted the close link tourism. heritage organizations should, together with between cultural heritage and the tourist tourism professionals, implement a joint industry. According to one study, 79% of Partner action plan to make travellers more aware of people surveyed believed that the integrity the vulnerability of cultural heritage and of of the natural environment is an essential UNESCO the need to protect it. factor in the choice of a destination; 70% iccrom’s fi rst initiative in this area was a would like to receive qualifi ed information workshop on the use of travel guidebooks to on cultural heritage in their own language; Update, March 2006 raise awareness about heritage conservation and 81% consider the natural environment Following the workshop, the Turkish Minister of Culture and (see iccrom Newsletter 30 (2004): 8). as important as the cultural and social Tourism has decided to include a Results arising from this workshop include environments. Such results will play an message on raising awareness on the printing of messages on the fragility important role in determining the future the fragility of cultural heritage in of cultural heritage in the latest editions strategies of the tourist industry. promotional material for tourists. or reprints of the Lonely Planet (French Other organizations are also working edition), Michelin (French and Italian on awareness initiatives. A group of editions) and Touring Club guidebooks. tour operators have created a network, Subsequently, in 2005, iccrom and Tour Operators Initiatives (toi), which unesco decided to target other sectors is supported by the United Nations of the tourist industry that were capable Environment Programme (unep), unesco, of reaching large numbers of travellers. A and the World Tourism Organization second workshop, ‘Developing Tourism and (wto). Th e aim of the network is to develop Protecting Cultural Heritage: a Challenge for responsible tourism and diff use material the Twenty-First Century’, was held which for awareness-raising campaigns. unep has focused on national tourism boards and tour created a series of tools (brochures, leafl ets, operator associations already aware of the posters, cd-roms and ‘passports’) to protect issue of responsible tourism. coral reefs, which have been disseminated Th e aim of the workshop was to gather throughout the network. the various points of view and personal Clearly, tourism professionals are experiences of travel professionals, and to already involved in protecting the natural explore ways in which their clients could be environment. It should not be diffi cult, made aware of the need to collaborate on therefore, to convince them to integrate heritage conservation. material on cultural heritage into their During the workshop, the speakers programmes. Th e iccrom experience shows presented lively and thought-provoking that there is a willingness on the part of accounts of their research and experiences. the tourism industry to listen, and respond In particular, Eileen Brennan, from I to, the need to promote awareness among Tourists visiting the Roman Forum Viaggi del Ventaglio, discussed the results tourists about the fragility of cultural (May 2006). of a study on the changing profi le of the heritage. average tourist over the last twenty-fi ve Yet, while they are willing to work years. Th e study revealed that today’s tourist with the cultural heritage sector, the lack is less materialistic than previously, and is of clear, reliable information is seen as a not focused exclusively on the pursuit of major stumbling block. It is up to us, as Monica Ardemagni was a member of the personal pleasure. Th e new tourists wish professionals in heritage preservation, to ICCROM staff and worked on advocacy to understand the country they are going reach out and remedy this shortcoming. issues prior to her retirement in 2004. [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 12 CULTURE & DEVELOPMENT

Millennium Development Goals and Cultural Heritage Webber Ndoro and Maria Teresa Jaquinta (ICCROM)

UN Millennium Development In 2000 the United Nations proposed eight conservation work. An example of this type of Goals Millennium Development Goals (mdgs) link can be found in a site project which took 1 Eradicate extreme poverty by to promote concrete actions for the world place in Kokologho, Burkina Faso, as part of 2015 to address extreme poverty in its many the africa  programme. Th e project was 2 Achieve universal primary dimensions: income poverty, hunger, disease, carried out in partnership with the National education lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion. With a Direction of Culture Heritage and the local 3 Promote gender equality and target date of 2015, the mdgs are a fi rst attempt chief and residents of the eight villages which empower women to subject the development process to the make up Kokologho. Th e project called 4 Reduce child mortality discipline of showing that it can improve lives for the promotion and reinforcement of on a large scale within an agreed time-frame. traditional conservation practices to ensure 5 Improve maternal health When they were made public, however, many the ongoing protection of the chief ’s palace. 6 Combat HIV/AIDs, malaria and heritage professionals must have wondered why To aid in the conservation work at the site, other diseases there was no reference to cultural heritage and a solar lighting system was installed and a 7 Ensure environmental the role that it can play in achieving the mdgs. borehole drilled. Th is infrastructure, necessary sustainability One of the most important aspect of the for the conservation work, now supplies 8 Develop a global partnership for mdgs is the focus not only on lack of income, electricity and water to the surrounding development but also on accompanying problems such as communities. In addition, the project brought lack of education, gender inequality, infectious the communities together and encouraged disease, and feelings of hopelessness, loss of their participation in a way which reinforced identity, and lack of self-esteem. Th e eff ects of the value of their heritage. Th us, both poverty go beyond the individual, impacting conservation and development objectives on whole communities and nations, aff ecting were achieved within one project. their ability to sustain themselves and their africa  has also incorporated other ways of life, including their cultural heritage aspects of the mdgs into the implementation and historic environment. of the programme activities, such as discussions Yet cultural heritage and the historic of hiv/aids and the role that heritage environment help reinforce meaning and professionals can play in its prevention, and identity in individuals, and cohesion in building the capacity of women as heritage communities. It follows, therefore, that the managers. In fact, most of the iccrom regional conservation of historic buildings, towns, programmes, including CollAsia , athr, landscapes, and collections should have an and Living Heritage Sites, place community important role to play in any meaningful involvement and the role that heritage can play poverty reduction programme leading to in the life and development of the community sustainable economic development. at the centre of their strategies for better Th is sort of development is only possible conservation of the cultural heritage. through the empowerment and involvement Th e international community is now of local communities in the decision-making becoming more aware of the importance of process An example is related in a book cultural heritage. Th e un General Assembly published by the World Bank (M. Palmer 2005 World Summit affi rmed that all cultures (2003), Faith in Conservation: new approaches to and civilizations contribute to the enrichment religions and the environment). Th e government of humankind, and recognised the importance of Mongolia galvanized support for national of respect and understanding for religious and development through the rebuilding of one of cultural diversity throughout the world. The local community of Kokhologo at a stakeholder meeting. the countries most important cultural heritage Th e cultural heritage can provide an assets, a bronze statue which was destroyed enabling environment within which the mdgs in the early part of the twentieth century. can address development objectives. However, Rebuilding the statue after the collapse of the cultural heritage managers must recognize that communist regime united Mongolians and in order for society to appreciate the potential made them proud of their own culture. By of cultural heritage, it will be necessary to focusing fi rst on this important symbol of their put forward the necessary arguments and heritage, the government paved the way for a case studies to convince both policy-makers more healthy development process. and local communities. By promoting this But conservation projects can also have enlightened perspective towards all human a more direct eff ect on development goals. needs, cultural heritage will be able to make its If you would like to comment on the issues raised in this article, please write Heritage professionals should try, where true contribution to improving the well-being to [email protected]. possible, to link development objectives to of humanity in the future.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] COLLASIA 2010 13

COLLASIA 2010: Professionals on the Move Katriina Similä (ICCROM)

Th e solid and rooted atmosphere of museums to meeting the challenges they face in their CollAsia 2010 often makes us forget how far many of the work. Furthermore, the Netherlands was CollAsia 2010 is a seven-year objects in the collections have travelled. Th e also the host for the Triennial meeting of the programme aimed at improving history of material culture is also a history of icom-cc (International Council of Museums the conservation conditions of Southeast Asian heritage movement: things have been sent, shipped, – Committee for Conservation) in 2005. Th e collections. The countries in the sold or lost, ending up sometimes in very CollAsia workshop was timed to culminate in programme are Brunei Darussalam, surprising locations. Without forgetting the the whole group participating in the icom-cc Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, deep tragedy of looted heritage, which has meeting in Th e Hague. Singapore, Thailand, and Viet left serious scars on the cultural identity of Twenty-two of the twenty-fi ve icom-cc Nam. The programme is jointly peoples around the world, the richness of the conference participants from Southeast Asia implemented by ICCROM and SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre stories embedded in the travels of material took part in the event thanks to the professional for Archaeology and Fine Arts), culture is a deep resource. development component of the CollAsia based in Bangkok, Thailand. Th e CollAsia 2010 programme is also 2010 programme. While this is still too few The CollAsia 2010 programme’s putting the professionals involved in to represent a region of 600 million people objectives are: conserving this heritage on the move. Since in a gathering of over 900 professionals, such • increased awareness and 2002, fi ve activities have mobilized over one participation was an important step forward knowledge about objects in hundred professionals within the Southeast in integrating Southeast Asian professionals Asian collections (materials, construction methods, sensitivity, Asian countries and beyond. Workshops and with the international community of colleagues. and conservation); other activities have provided opportunities Taking part in the specialized working groups • increased capacity of institutions for groups of up to twenty-fi ve colleagues of the icom-cc, which cover subjects ranging and increased resources for to discuss issues relevant to shaping sound from ‘Th eory and history of restoration’ to professionals to implement and sustainable conservation actions. While ‘Wet organic and archaeological materials’, conservation strategies, including local preventive conservation there are many regional mechanisms of is a concrete way of contributing to the initiatives; international collaboration in Southeast development of the profession in Southeast • functional tools to support the Asia, so far very few of them have engaged Asia. dynamic development and the conservation professionals. Th e CollAsia It is to be hoped that in the years to come interaction of regional networks 2010 workshops, organized in diff erent the heritage institutions in Southeast Asia of institutions and professionals. countries in collaboration with local heritage will make the most of such professional The third CollAsia 2010 course institutions, off er precious opportunities meetings to further the development of took place in Manila in May, 2006. Its topic was the crucial issue of for professionals to learn more about the their staff : they are important occasions storage in museums, libraries and material culture in its diff erent forms and in for affi rming the presence and relevance of archives. varied contexts. Southeast Asian museums to international Today, there is still very little published discussions on the future of conservation literature on conservation of Southeast actions. Asian movable heritage. Th is makes the In this world of things that do not stay experience that individual professionals have in one place, the international gathering in gained by working with collections in their the Netherlands provided valuable contacts institutions a crucial resource for building with colleagues from those countries which the knowledge base of the profession in produced some of the objects that have the region. Th e didactic approach of the ended up in collections in even the remotest workshops, focusing on problem solving corners of Southeast Asia. Taking care of and an interactive learning environment, this material culture wherever it fi nds itself has highlighted the potential of professional today is a shared challenge of the heritage exchange as a key element for shaping a professionals worldwide. shared understanding of the specifi city of Movable heritage has travelled back and Southeast Asian collections. forth between regions of the world, taking In August 2005, the CollAsia 2010 stories and messages of the cultures of origin workshop on ‘Conservation of textiles in with it, expressing in multiple ways the Southeast Asian collections’ took place in richness of diversity. It is to be hoped that Leiden, Netherlands. Th e Dutch National the community of conservation is one more Museum of Ethnography houses extremely platform for meaningful and helpful dialogue important collections from Asia. For between cultures and people. In pursuing colleagues working on the preservation its aim of improving the conditions for the of this heritage, both in Leiden and in conservation of collections in Southeast Asia, Course participants examine a Southeast Asia, the workshop off ered an the CollAsia 2010 programme is committed traditional puppet in the Dutch National important opportunity to discuss approaches to contributing to this process. Museum of Ethnography. [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 14 ARCHIVES & LIBRARY COLLECTIONS CONSERVATION

Science and Archives: the Advantages of Reciprocity José Luiz Pedersoli Junior(ICCROM)

International Course on Archives are the repositories of humanity’s benefi ts of building a common language Science and Conservation of documentary heritage. In fulfi lling their between science and preservation, as well as Archival Collections mission, archival institutions are confronted of the integrated planning of preservation 11 - 29 July 2005, Rio de Janeiro, with the steep challenge of having to preserve strategies in a truly interdisciplinary Brazil. the physical integrity of a large variety of past environment should be thoroughly explored. The core objective of this course and present records, and to provide access to Non-scientist professionals will gain was to strengthen the participants’ the recorded information. signifi cant benefi ts from improving their scientifi c and archival literacy, thereby improving their Th e spectrum of materials and formats scientifi c literacy. It will enable them understanding of the application of that has been used to create archival records to evaluate critically, contribute to, and science and technology to archival is amazingly broad, ranging, for example, actively participate in the application of collections. It addressed the needs to build a common language from iron-gall inks on parchment to laser- science, and of the technology deriving between science and preservation, modifi ed photosensitive dyes on metallized from it, to the preservation of archival and to encourage integrated and lacquer-coated polycarbonate supports collections. Scientifi c literacy includes planning of preservation strategies within a truly interdisciplinary of cd-rs. Th ere is still a great deal to learn the understanding of relevant scientifi c environment. about the material behaviour of these records concepts and principles, as well as of the to ensure their optimum preservation and methodology of scientifi c inquiry and accessibility. Th is is especially true for the experimentation; the ability to communicate Partners more recent and widely diversifi ed media, reciprocally and fl uently with scientists; and Instituut Collectie Nederland (ICN) some of which have worryingly short the capacity to interpret correctly the tables Centre de Recherches sur la lifetimes, such as certain types of colour and graphs of scientifi c literature. Conservation des Documents Graphiques (CRCDG), France photographs, cellulose nitrate and acetate Scientifi c literacy is a key competence fi lms, and magnetic tapes and disks. for preservation professionals. Conversely, Signifi cant knowledge gaps exist also scientists like myself have a great deal to beyond the tangible aspects of archival learn about the specifi cities of archival records, including issues of gathering, preservation so that we can contribute to manipulation, classifi cation, storage and the creation of better archives through retrieval of recorded information, both interdisciplinary teamwork. Th ose analogue and especially digital. Th ey acquire specifi cities include issues such as the a disturbing dimension when one considers very nature and dimensions of archival the already overwhelming and fast-growing collections, authenticity, value, mass-scale body of recorded information produced in approaches, terminology, conservation the current Information Age. treatments, and access requirements. Science can off er a sound contribution A particularly challenging aspect in by advancing the state of knowledge the archival preservation context is the necessary to meet archival preservation rapidly mutating nature of our documentary and access challenges. Such a contribution heritage. Th e current degree of change encompasses the better understanding and resulting from the shift from analogue to improvement of the material aspects of digital technologies has been such that records and of their environment by the digital literacy is becoming a requisite Course participants discuss scientifi c Natural Sciences, as well as the application for all professionals dealing with the approaches to the problem of iron-gall of information and content-oriented preservation of archival collections. A more ink corrosion. technologies deriving from digitally literate profession will also be the Information and better prepared to face future threats and Computer Sciences. In opportunities in the fi eld. this context, close and Bridging the gaps between science and continuous collaboration preservation is defi nitely a step towards and exchange between the better safeguarding and fruition of our scientists and archival cultural heritage. Th e cross-fertilization of preservation professionals science and cultural heritage preservation is very important to ensure sought and achieved across iccrom’s activities an accurate characterization remains a key mechanism for contributing to of needs, to prioritize the preservation of culture and the promotion research initiatives, and of diversity worldwide. therefore to increase the practical relevance of scientifi c outputs. Th e

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] SITE CONSERVATION 15

The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome Sarah Cleary and Sophie Hsu-Ming Lizeray During the summer of 2005, iccrom undertook a three-month study of the Non- Catholic Cemetery, located immediately inside the walls of historic Rome and adjacent to the well-known Pyramid of Caius Cestius (dating from approximately 12 bc). After a request from the manager of the cemetery, and following its inclusion on the World Monuments Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites, iccrom off ered to undertake a study of the cemetery for the Committee of Ambassadors responsible for its management. Th is committee comprises ambassadors of fourteen of the countries whose citizens are buried at the cemetery. Th e study was carried out by an interdisciplinary group including architectural and archaeological conservators, a landscape architect, an urban planner, and a fi nancial management specialist. A horticultural expert was also consulted. Th e objectives of the study were to analyse issues related to the overall management of the site, including sizes, shapes, materials, and artistic values. The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome. the conservation of the cemetery’s landscape, Th e cemetery is comparable to an outdoor stone monuments and markers. Th e study sculpture garden. made recommendations for its long-term, Th e study found that the main problems sustainable management and conservation. with respect to the landscape include ground Th e cemetery, which remains in use subsidence, poor design and use of space, and today, has a marked uniqueness derived the need to improve the working practices from its history, location and landscape. Th e of the gardening staff . Th e condition of the site was fi rst used for burials in 1738, with monuments was also a concern, with over the majority of those interred representing 75% in need of conservation treatments, 27% non-Catholic foreigners who visited or lived of which were considered urgent. Causes in Rome. Today, it is a place of pilgrimage: of conservation problems include moisture, visitors come from around the world to pay pollution, and other environmental factors. It their respects to the important historical was also found that a lack of suffi cient funds fi gures buried there. Among those whose was an issue both for the conservation and for graves can be found at the cemetery are the the general management of the site. Th e study British poets, John Keats and Percy Bysshe identifi ed areas where improvements could Shelley, the American poet, Gregory Corso, be made to conservation practices, landscape the German architect, Gottfried Semper, care and maintenance, and to overall site and the Italian philosopher, Antonio management and fund-raising. Th e inclusion Gramsci. Family members too regularly visit on the World Monuments Watch List may the graves of relatives. provide an opportunity to acquire the funds Th e cemetery, approximately two hectares necessary for the proper upkeep of the in size, is divided into two distinct areas. Th e cemetery. oldest part (la Parte Antica) is a low-density By improving the policies and day-to- fl at area, with grave monuments spread out day operations of the cemetery, along with a Sarah Cleary was an intern at ICCROM across a lawn shadowed by the adjacent pine successful fund-raising campaign, the site will in 2005, working with the Sites Unit on the conservation requirements of the trees and the pyramid. Th e second, larger become more sustainable over time, in order to Non-Catholic cemetery. area has more densely packed rows of graves remain in use both as an active cemetery and Sophie Hsu-Ming Lizeray was also an aligned on a slope with diagonal, transversal, a destination for tourists and other visitors. intern at ICCROM and now works as a and longitudinal pathways which allow the Th e Non-Catholic Cemetery is a remarkable landscape architecture consultant visitor to walk between the monuments and place that has inspired visitors over the past For more information or to make a the colourful shrubbery. Th ere are more than centuries. With proper care, it will be able to donation to the cemetery, please 2,500 funerary monuments, with varying continue to do so long into the future. contact: [email protected] [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 16 PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION

Building a Risk Management Learning Community Isabelle Verger and Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM)

Preventive Conservation: In June 2003, iccrom and cci (the Canadian and individual memories on specifi c risks; and Reducing Risk to Collections Conservation Institute) organized jointly an there is a need to build a learning community 6 - 24 June 2005, Rome international course on recent advances in of professionals conversant with the approach, preventive conservation. In the ensuing course willing to apply it in their specifi c context, Partners evaluation, participants indicated that the most and to share results and challenges. CCI (Canadian Conservation innovative part of the course was that dedicated Th e participants and course team of the Institute) to ‘Risk management’. Responding to this, 2005 course were perhaps the fi rst members In collaboration with CNM a course on ‘Reducing Risk to Collections’ of this community. Th e course methodology (Canadian Museum of Nature) and ICN (Netherlands Institute for was organized and held two years later in was specifi cally crafted to create a peer Cultural Heritage). 2005; it was heavily oversubscribed, with 122 relationship between everyone and to stimulate With the support of the Italian applications from sixteen countries competing an interactive spirit. Before and during the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for the nineteen places on the course. course, participants had opportunities to plan Development Cooperation. Why the interest? Although thinking risk management activities or projects that and practice in preventive conservation has they could carry out on their return to their been widely disseminated in the last 30 years, workplaces. Eight months after the course, professionals are still looking for a reliable 79% of the group had succeeded in their plans. approach to making the best preservation Fifteen participants subsequently carried decisions for their collections, one that out a risk assessment of specifi c collections. involves and can be easily communicated More than twenty museum and archive to all parties, in particular to the national collections were involved (for example, authorities and partners which provide artefacts from the Naval Reserve in Quebec, the necessary resources to the heritage storage and display areas in the National institutions. Risk management provides such Museum of Lithuania, two regional libraries an approach; its genesis lies in the worlds in Slovenia, the visual arts collection from of fi nance, health, safety, and others, where the Museum of Arts and Sciences in the prediction is essential to inform highly Philippines, and collections in the Nikola complex and critical decisions. Tesla Museum in Belgrade). When applied to cultural heritage, risk Fourteen participants focused their eff orts management is not only concerned with the on disseminating the approach, reporting to management of disasters and emergencies, their institutions and publishing in specialized such as fl oods or fi res, but also with much newsletters. Examples include a workshop for slower, more frequent and smaller risks, twenty museum professionals in South Africa, Course participants evaluating packing such as the steady development of a pest training courses for communities taking care and transport risks infestation on an precious collection of books of religious objects in Mexico, an article in or regular shocks suff ered by a major artwork the Barbados Museum Journal, and a report in transit. In a generation or two, those slower in the newsletter of the Municipal Museums or smaller risks can have a disastrous impact of Antwerp. Six participants, also involved on the value of a collection. in education, integrated risk management in Th e appealing aspect of this approach is course curricula (e.g. courses of the National that it is centred on estimating the loss in Archives in Slovenia, the Museum Studies values of the cultural heritage, which is of Graduate Program in Turkey, and the Museum common concern to professionals, politicians of Texas Tech University in USA). and the public. It is also a method that allows Two participants designed research comparison of very diff erent risks, thus activities on the application of risk Further reading: providing a reliable tool to establish priorities, management to immovable heritage in order C. Antomarchi, A. Brokerhof, S Michalski, allocate resources and design strategies. to promote its wider practice. Most recently, I Verger, and R.R. Waller, ‘Teaching Risk Management Internationally’ Nevertheless, to be fully operational, one of the course participants created a in Collections: A journal for Museums this approach requires more research, more website dedicated to the advancement of risk and Archives professionals, Vol. 2.2 practice and more diff usion. Th e available management for collections. Th e website will (November 2005), 117-140. information, in the fi eld of conservation become the main working and communication and beyond, needs to be investigated tool for this young community. and translated into usable data; research Th ese results are exciting. Th ey show how gaps must be addressed by the scientifi c participants on a single course can have a community; practice must be encouraged multiplier eff ect, rippling out through their Isabelle Verger is a conservator and currently Secretary of the ICOM in heritage institutions to refi ne methods of own institutions and countries to promote a - Conservation Committee. values estimation and to gather institutional new approach to preventive conservation.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] BUILT HERITAGE 17

ICCROM and the Conservation of Built Heritage Joe King (ICCROM) In November 2005, the iccrom General be held in Rome, Italy in 2007), and the Assembly approved a new programme International Course on the Technology of called Conservation of the Built Heritage. Stone Conservation (to be held in Venice, Th e programme refl ects iccrom’s extensive Italy in 2007). experience in capacity building in this area, Th e programme also embraces iccrom’s including the long running Architectural Living Heritage Sites and Conservation of Conservation Course (arc), the courses on Archaeological Sites sub-programmes, and conservation of wood, stone, and modern a range of activities which includes research architecture, and the ituc, terra, africa projects, technical support, fi eld activities. As , and athr programmes. the programme matures, other themes will be Following external evaluations of both developed. the arc and the Venice Stone courses, the Th e strength of the new Conservation iccrom secretariat undertook an examination of the Built Heritage Programme will be of current needs in the fi eld, using a wide in its programmatic approach. As with variety of sources. A working group of the other iccrom programmes developed over Participants in the Architectural Records, iccrom Council looked at the future of the past fi fteen years, the objective of the Inventories, and Information Systems architectural conservation at iccrom. A programme — to strengthen an integrated course (ARIS), 2005. proposed programme was then developed by approach to built heritage conservation iccrom staff , and discussed and refi ned at a — was defi ned and then a range of activities meeting, in June 2005, of twenty-fi ve experts created to meet that objective. Th ese activities from various regions and specialities. support each other and work together to Th e resulting Conservation of the produce the desired outcomes. By using the Built Heritage programme is designed to programmatic approach, iccrom ensures that strengthen the application of integrated the combined results will be much stronger approaches to the practice of conservation than those produced by any single activity. of the built heritage. Emphasis is placed Th e programmatic approach also allows for on a concern for balancing managerial and easier evaluation and monitoring of progress, technical concerns, promoting traditional with the possibility of adjustments over time construction and management systems, and to ensure that the objective of the programme stressing preventive conservation approaches is achieved. including risk preparedness. Links between conservation practice for immovable and movable, and tangible and intangible heritage, will also be strengthened. Th e programme is anchored by a new course on Conservation of the Built Heritage to be held every two years in Rome. Th is eight-week course is aimed at giving participants a better understanding of integrated approaches to conservation of the built heritage, looking at the larger planning and management context as well as technical conservation concerns. Th e fi rst course is scheduled to take place from 1 February to 30 March 2007. Th e programme also foresees the continuation of activities such as the International Course on the Conservation of Modern Architecture (most recently held in Helsinki, Finland from 13 May to 9 June 2006), the International Course on Wood Conservation Technology (most recently held in Oslo, Norway from 29 May to 7 July 2006), the International Course on Architectural Records, Inventories, and Conservation of Built Heritage Information Systems for Conservation (to programme 2006–2015. [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 18 LIVING HERITAGE

Living Heritage Sites Workshop: Empowering the Community Gamini Wijesuriya, Kazuhiko Nishi and Joe King (ICCROM)

Training workshop: Living Living heritage implies a focus on people Defi ning the community Heritage - Empowering the both past and present and their cultural People are, and have been, connected through Community products both tangible and intangible. Th e various means (geographically, socially, Phrae, Thailand. living heritage approach is an interactive religious, resource-exploitation) forming November 2005 one that respects people’s voices, pride, self- groups of diverse nature and magnitude (e.g. The objective of the workshop was esteem, and sense of ownership in heritage fi shing villages, communities continuing with to improve the management of management. It emphasizes the importance their traditional lifestyles, those who migrated historic sites in the Mekong River Region, taking into consideration of fl exibility and sustainability in a cultural to a locality for economic benefi ts). Today, their living aspects and values. framework rather than universality in there are also communities living together conservation decision-making. Th e main with diverse beliefs, faiths and aspirations. Partners goal of the Living Heritage programme is Th ese communities may be driven by diff erent SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre to promote awareness of the living heritage motivations but can act collectively in pursuit for Archaeology and Fine Arts) Fine Arts Department, Ministry of approach and to create tools necessary for of a common goal. In some instances, a legal Education, Thailand heritage professionals to engage successfully act such as the Conservation Act of New Children of Phrae Group (CoP/ communities in conservation. Zealand defi nes communities for the purpose LMP) To develop and strengthen appropriate of heritage conservation. tools for this approach, a pilot research Communities refl ect diff erent interests and Living Heritage Sites project is being conducted in Phrae province levels of understanding, and are infl uenced Programme in Th ailand. Th e results draw attention to the by many factors (such as a rural and urban The ‘Living Heritage’ approach can challenges of involving local communities location). Under these circumstances, help a well-organized, focused in heritage management, particularly in the defi nition of a community is heavily and committed community a fast changing society whose youth is infl uenced by the context, the issue(s) under group to make signifi cant gains in protecting its own heritage. abandoning the familiar environments for consideration, the heritage conservation goals, Through its Living Heritage Sites better opportunities, and where development and associated tasks. programme, ICCROM aspires to pressures are intense. provide both communities and Community based heritage conservation heritage organizations with new A subsequent workshop on ‘Empowering tools to achieve this. the Community’ focused on some of the key Communities should be a part of concepts: living heritage (what is it and where the conservation process and off ered is it?), community (why is it important? how options for diff erent interventions (not do we defi ne it?), conservation (how to protect only minimal), while recognizing the living heritage). Th eir interrelationships were dynamic nature of heritage (tangible and discussed and the main points to emerge are intangible), accommodating appropriate summarized below. changes as required, and providing for new interpretations where needed. Conservation Expanding and clarifying the context should not prevent pre-existing uses of Vanishing traditions from Phrae. Living Heritage is considered as the heritage, be they spiritual, economic or social. sum of all expressions resulting from the It should aim at the re-establishment of the interaction between people and nature; it lost connections with heritage. stresses the need to understand heritage in Conservation should empower relation to the ecological context within communities and assure continuity of which we focus our conservation eff orts. heritage, which is understood and defi ned Th e notion of continuity dominated the through a rigorous process of study, discussions. People are connected to their consultation, and consensus. Empowerment myths, beliefs, society and environment in is necessary for communities to protect their a variety of ways that have resulted in the own heritage, to understand what it is they creation of numerous tangible and intangible value, and to elaborate their conservation expressions. Th ey constantly draw benefi t goals. It also provides the means for the from these expressions, which have gone community to start an initial dialogue, to through a dynamic process of evolution, achieve consensus where necessary, and to reinterpretation and modifi cation, refl ecting work with authorities and the professional changes occurring in society. In the process, community to establish common ground it is possible that the connections between for heritage conservation activities. Where people and heritage become lost. Eff orts to appropriate (or necessary) the backing re-establish them subsequently may result of legal protocols and frameworks and either in the re-emergence of the original resources of conservation institutions should values or in the creation of novel ones. form part of the process of empowerment.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] ATHAR 19

Conservation Training in the Arab Region: Regional Context and International Trends Zaki Aslan (ICCROM) Th e fi rst regional course of the athr programme, on the conservation of archaeological sites, took place from 14 November 2005 to 28 January 2006 in Tripoli, Lebanon. Th e course, which focused on the countries of Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan, aimed at building the capacities of professionals to become more involved in the management and decision-making process related to conservation projects in their countries. Th e course also began the process of establishing a regional network of professionals and developing appropriate interdisciplinary training in conservation at universities and training institutions in the Left: Participants examine the impact of reburial on mosaic pavements at the site region. Th e partners in the course were the such as the Comité de Conservation des of Byblos. Lebanese University, the unesco Offi ce in Monuments de l’Art Arabe in Egypt (which Right: Participants assess the condition Beirut, and the directorates of antiquities of actively conserved and restored the ‘Islamic’ of wall paintings. the three countries concerned. monuments of Egypt from 1882 until With any regional programme such as 1954), and the emerging directorates of athr, there is a need to fi nd a balance antiquities in the region enforcing western- between international principles and values led legislative measures for the conservation in conservation and those that are relative of ‘monuments’. Th is part of the course to the system and cultural context of the highlighted the various philosophical heritage to be conserved. For a course approaches these institutions adopted during devoted to conservation of cultural heritage several decades of activities, with implications in the Arab region, this means addressing on approaches and social attitudes towards the fundamental issues relevant to regional heritage conservation in the Arab world. conservation approaches that are rooted Th e course also focused on a number of in the Arab historical context as well as important conservation processes including contemporary international trends in the heritage management and planning, fi eld. For example, the Waqf (an endowment documentation and research, diagnosis of founded on the idea of producing charity in causes of deterioration, site presentation, and perpetuity from a set of fi xed assets) can be conservation techniques for some common considered as a regional mechanism for the types of heritage in the region. Classroom conservation of historic structures from the activities were reinforced by fi eld work at Course on Conservation of ninth century until the political and social the World Heritage site of Byblos, where Archaeological Heritage transformations of the twentieth century. participants were able to apply many of the Recent research by A. El Habashi has shown concepts discussed. Tripoli and Byblos, Lebanon 14 November 2005 - 27 January 2006. that the principles for treating buildings As a result of the course, participants within the historical context of Waqf are, to were able to recognize the need to match Partners some extent, similar to modern international intervention strategies with the appropriate General Directorate of Antiquities, conservation principles. While it may not be contexts and meanings, resulting from Ministry of Culture, Lebanon possible to revive these principles as part of investigation techniques which take into General Directorate of Antiquities & Museums, Ministry of Culture, today’s Waqf system, their reintegration into account multiple perspectives. Participants Syria modern practice was considered during the were also able to appreciate the need for Department of Antiquities, course as an important constituent of some public involvement and the need to ensure Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities, Jordan) Arab-Islamic philosophical roots towards that the heritage remains a living part of the UNESCO Regional Offi ce in Beirut preservation. community, not ‘museumized’ or segregated Université Libanaise In addition, the course introduced some from its present cultural and social contexts. recent research work (e.g. by H. Mahdi) that Finally, participants were able to better The support of the Directorate focused on the development of western- understand and apply necessary scientifi c General of Development infl uenced conservation approaches in the and planning methods to improve decision- Co-operation, Italian Ministry Middle East in the nineteenth and twentieth making and ensure that the cultural heritage of Foreign Affairs, for ATHAR programme activities is gratefully centuries. Th ese approaches are associated of the region can be passed down to future acknowledged. with emerging conservation institutions generations. [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 20 ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

Training in Archaeological Conservation in Southeast Europe Valerie Magar (ICCROM)

Course on Archaeological It is a commonly accepted truth that process, to the management of the collections Conservation conservation should play an important role and the long-term conservation of the sites. Diana-Karatas, Serbia and for the fi eld of archaeology, at least in theory. Courses off ered at iccrom, in close Montenegro For a long time now, international resolutions, collaboration with partner institutions, 18 August - 7 September 2005 charters and a signifi cant number of national provide the opportunity and the challenge Partner laws have emphasized the need to include to bring together professionals with Diana Department for Preventive conservation within archaeological research. diff erent cultural backgrounds and training Conservation, National Museum, Belgrade However, implementation of these norms in theoretical and practical activities, with at most archaeological sites, and with their the aim of improving knowledge and skills, collections, is often far from being a reality, and perhaps most importantly of changing hence the continuous requirements for attitudes and providing an opportunity to training in this fi eld. create this needed common language. Dealing with archaeological heritage One of the regions where iccrom is is undoubtedly a complex task, requiring currently collaborating in the development attention to technical, economic, aesthetic of training activities is Southeastern Europe. and symbolic aspects. Of all these, economic Because of recent armed and social confl ict factors are most commonly cited as the in this part of the world, both facilities and major constraint upon the implementation training in conservation have been limited. of conservation measures. Given limited Working with partner institutions in Serbia resources, as is often the case in the cultural and Montenegro, new courses have been sector, conservation is perceived as a designed to meet the needs within this luxury, with painfully slow processes that regional context. Two courses have already require expensive techniques and materials. taken place, a short initial introductory Conservation is thus often seen as limiting course held in Belgrade in 2004, which advances in the knowledge of the past. off ered an overview of conservation and Without denying scarcity in resources and management practices, and a longer the consequent limitations, a more serious three-week course in 2005 at the Roman threat is posed by a lack of understanding and archaeological site of Diana-Karatas, in cooperation among professionals involved eastern Serbia and Montenegro. with the archaeological heritage. Without overlooking the management It is not suffi cient to implement separate context and the signifi cance of the site, conservation and archaeological activities, the courses focused on strengthening the either site- or collections-oriented. Hence, capacities of the participants in the use of archaeologists and conservators need to learn both deductive and inductive reasoning to about each other’s professions, within the comprehend conservation needs within an context of a joint curriculum. In this manner, archaeological site. Th rough an understanding each profession would not be learning about of the nature of the materials and their ‘the other’ from a distance, but would be environment, and a systematic approach, a sharing the learning process and, through complex site can be methodically analysed. this, creating a common language — the key Th is can then lead to appropriate fi rst aid and to real future cooperation. Th is means not stabilization interventions. Although complex working in a parallel manner, with often conservation treatments are sometimes frustrating results, but creating a harmonious required, simple measures implemented balance between archaeological research with locally available materials can also and conservation needs. Th is cooperation temporarily prevent or signifi cantly reduce implies having a real understanding of the decay, allowing time for a conservation plan requirements and ethics of both disciplines, to be devised and implemented. encouraging a broad perspective to solve During the most recent course at Diana- problems and to produce results in a Karatas, participants from fi ve countries synergistic manner. A fi ne balance would in the region analysed four case studies, mean that the archaeologist would not proposed fi rst-aid actions and implemented ‘explore everything at any cost’ and the them at the site, creating models that can be conservator would not ‘save everything at any repeated elsewhere. More importantly, the cost’. It also foresees a joint planning eff ort course provided the initial steps towards a Course participant applying a gauze and continuity, from the beginning of the better communication, breaking down the facing to a render, before its reburial. planning of a project through the excavation psychological barrier between the professions.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] TRAINING 21

Reflections on ICCROM’s Internship Programme

Christian Biggi posed to collections in Southeast Asia, and As an archaeologist, my application to the professional systems and environments in iccrom’s internship programme was based on which conservators and heritage institutions a desire to understand better the approaches operate in underfunded or developing to protecting the cultural heritage which is conservation environments. I was also able discovered by my profession, but all too often to further my learning in the superb iccrom neglected afterwards. I was excited to be library and at various symposia where I accepted as intern to the athr programme was able to observe ‘iccrom in action’! Th is as it gave me the chance to complement and provided me with a greater understanding of improve my knowledge of archaeological how IGOs can operate in an international conservation in another region. and highly complex fi eld, through education, Th e internship involved me in the awareness and advocacy. As a result my Christian Biggi preparation of training courses for view of conservation has shifted to a more professionals from Syria, Jordan and international outlook, based on factors such Lebanon. Th e workload was considerable as sustainability, appropriate technologies, but multifaceted, and allowed me to assist relevance to local environments, and in course preparation at every level. I community interaction. believe that contact with the many high- I will always remember my time at iccrom level experts and participants that iccrom fondly, and as a time of growth and learning attracts was an invaluable experience which for which I am eternally grateful. is rarely matched elsewhere. Working for the athr programme allowed me to come Maria Corsino into contact with the heritage of the Arab My internship at iccrom has greatly enriched Region and those people working there, my approach to science and conservation. who are highly committed to professional Th e object of my research was silicon-based capacity building and the preservation of products and how their application can cultural heritage and sites. be optimized for conservation purposes. I collaborated closely with Ernesto Borrelli, Sarath Chandra Boyapati Laboratory Coordinator. My internship at iccrom was a valuable I also took advantage of iccrom’s experience in my life, professionally and intellectual environment. As an intern, I personally. Working on the community- had the opportunity to interact with other based Living Heritage programme at iccrom iccrom staff , interns and fellows, and to Christina Brooks broadened my knowledge about conservation attend lectures on many diff erent topics. Th is theory and practice, and helped me to address has benefi ted me in my current architectural the complex issues of managing a living conservation project, collaborating with heritage site. professionals in other fi elds. I have been able In my current role I coordinate multiple to communicate successfully conservation agencies in an integrated conservation issues and notions, and this has resulted in a approach to the World Heritage Site of conservation-friendly outcome. Conservation Hampi. Th is requires multidisciplinary issues always intertwine at some point with skills in order to handle tasks such as other disciplines, and being informed on communication, confl ict management fi elds other than our own helps us become and consensus building. Management better professionals in our fi elds, and can be through dialogue is the best approach for benefi cial to others in unexpected situations. conservation, especially in a country such as India where there is continuity in the Anne Cummins cultural practices. Th e lively and energetic Buon lavoro is Italian for ‘good work’ and the iccrom working environment, set among salutation I encountered when beginning my the historic city of Rome, will remain as a working day at iccrom in Rome. standard, and will continue to infl uence my I spent my fi ve-month internship professional practice. working on two stone and mortar-based projects in the laboratory, supervised by Christina Brooks Ernesto Borrelli. My particular interest as a Working on the CollAsia 2010 programme materials conservator was in gaining a better gave me a real understanding of the threats understanding of the behaviour of diff erent Sarath Chandra Boyapati [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 22 TRAINING

mortars and renders. Australia does not have Gudrun Schmid a tradition of applying hydraulic additives Working with iccrom’s guidebook such as pozzolana to mortars and concrete as project, and joining classes and excursions pioneered by the ancient Romans, so I was of the Sharing Conservation Decisions interested in its modern applications. 2004 Course, I gained a deep insight Recently, I have been able to apply into many conservation issues and the my iccrom research to a conservation involved disciplines. Now, whenever I visit project in Sydney for the Macquarie Place a heritage place, my fi rst thought is about Obelisk, designed in 1816 to mark the its conservation. My second thought is: distances from the young port Colony. how could the place-relevant values and I am taking a very methodical and vulnerability be communicated to the general Anne Cummins unconventional approach by planning the public? And only my third thought goes to work in stages, with a prolonged testing the history and beauty of the place itself. and documentation stage to understand the I currently specialise in the establishment decay mechanisms and micro-environment of management plans for heritage sites, a around the monument, before beginning role in which I occupy a mediating position conservation treatments. We have included between all the stakeholders who have a say some mortar trials adding a pozzolana in the future development of a heritage site. (trass) to a lime-based mortar to infi ll semi- My internship at iccrom allowed me to detached contour scale on the sandstone, in see with the eyes of a conservator, and I am the hope that it will be more durable than now able not only to assess conservation traditional lime sand mortars. aspects inherent in management issues but My memories of iccrom are of wonderful also to communicate these aspects to non- dedicated people and good work, so I wish expert parties. you all ‘buon lavoro’. Ulla Visscher Gayle McIntyre During my internship, I worked on As an intern and moderator for the developing a collections disaster recovery International Course on Reducing Risks plan and a long-term image and audiovisual to Collections, I had the rare opportunity preservation plan for iccrom’s library and to integrate and align my experience and archive. I relied heavily on in-house expertise, expertise with the current research, the and also had the opportunity to visit libraries clever and witty curriculum design, the and archives in several national, international Gudrun Schmid teaching talents, and the multiple resources and foreign institutions in Rome to discover and skills contained within the Collections how they were handling these issues. Unit of iccrom. It was remarkable to Disaster planning requires coordination observe how this small department works with local suppliers, services, facilities and tirelessly on multi-layered and complicated expertise. International institutions, or projects with such style, grace, commitment national institutions operating outside their and genuine passion. own boundaries in a ‘foreign’ environment, Th is internship aff orded me the face challenges in this respect, and increased opportunity to meet an international group eff orts are required to understand and operate of conservators, conservation scientists, successfully within the host country. iccrom collections experts, and conservation can serve as an example of successfully managers; make new friends and establish marrying the benefi ts of internationalism a network of highly specialized contacts; with the added responsibility that this assess the pedagogy for this course; learn new implies, to reach out, clarify and build techniques to assess, manage and reduce risks consensus across cultural lines. to collections; earn the trust of new group of My internship experience provided me peers; and become acquainted with the many with a wealth of technical information valuable resources that iccrom has to off er to which I look forward to sharing in my future the conservation community. career. I retain the benefi ts of my exposure to For me personally, the most enlightening international professionals and their various lesson was learning the need to provide clear, points of view, and the conviction that by consistent and unambiguous information in combining diff ering perspectives, better Ulla Visscher my work. solutions can be achieved.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] CONSERVATION RESOURCES 23

ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions Paul Arenson (ICCROM) Archaeology a series of government buildings, private Mitigation of construction impact on archaeological mansions and industrial sites. Also featured remains. Vol. 1: Main report. Vol. 2: Database of is a revitalization project for the Plaka archaeological mitigation strategies, M. J. Davis District, the historical centre of Athens. An et al. (London: English Heritage) 2004. isbn editorial eff ort is made to display the tensions 1-901992-47-0 between ideal and feasible restoration goals, Th is study, commissioned by English and the balance struck between the needs of Heritage, discusses ways to avoid or limit preservation and modernization. damage and disturbance to archaeological sites and in situ remains that are subject Mostart: A Bridge Story, Rusmir Ćišić, to development works or construction Tihomir Rozić, and Anto Šain (Mostar: pcu projects. Separate sections cover options City of Mostar) 2004. intended to lessen impact before, during Th is book documents the project to rebuild and after construction, as well as monitoring the Stari Most (Mostar Bridge), destroyed by techniques and mitigation strategies such as artillery fi re in 1993 and now reconstructed reburial. An accompanying cd-rom contains by the City of Mostar with assistance and a database of archaeological and construction funding from unesco and the World Bank. sites where these strategies have been put to Sections in Bosnian and in English cover: use. the bridge’s history; a structural analysis of the bridge design; sampling and classifi cation Arqueología preventiva en el Eje Cafetero: of original building materials such as stone, reconocimiento y rescate arqueológico en los municipios mortar and metal; strengthening of the bridge jurisdicción del Fondo para la reconstrucción del Eje foundations; and the specifi cations for, and Cafetero, FOREC, Carlos Andrés Barragán and cutting of, new Tenelija stone blocks to be Víctor González Fernández (eds.) (Bogota: used in the reconstruction. Also presented Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e are the archaeological investigations and Historia (icanh)) 2001. isbn 958-8181-03-8 technical description of the associated Tara After the 1999 earthquake in the Colombian and Halebija Towers, which were rebuilt as coff ee-growing region known as the Eje part of this project. Cafetero, the Colombian government created a special fund, forec, for the reconstruction Archives and library conservation and development of the region. Th is book Scelte e strategie per la conservazione della presents eff orts made to protect the region’s memoria (Choices and strategies for preservation rich archaeological heritage, with an emphasis of the collective memory), Maria Teresa Tanasi on the role of preventive archaeology in the et al. (eds.) (Bolzano: Archivio di Stato) 2005. research process. Th e studies, covering the isbn 88-7574-048-8 rescue and monitoring of archaeological Th e papers of this international convention, heritage within the aff ected municipalities, held in Dobbiaco in 2002, outline dangers are documented, along with the legal and solutions for the preservation of archival instruments used by forec. information, on whichever support or format it may be found. Broad topics include: Architectural conservation risk assessment and disaster measures; Αποκατάσταση μνημείων: Αναβίωση options for preserving original materials; ιστορικών κτιρίων στην Αττική (Restoration of scientifi c analysis of deterioration; technical monuments: rehabilitation of historical buildings solutions for common archival problems; in Attica), Vols. I and II, Yiannis Kizis access options; training and professional (Athens: ergon iv) 2004. isbn 960-86676-6-0 information-sharing; digitization and forward Th is two-volume set documents forty years migration issues; and repository design, of interventions to Attica’s historic buildings restoration and retro-fi tting. and sites. Restorations to sites dating from classical antiquity include the Acropolis Blessures d’archives, rêve d’éternité: de la Erechtheion, the Th eatre of Dionysus, and conservation préventive à la restauration, Hadrian’s Library, while rehabilitations Hélène Grousson, et al. (Valence: Despesse) and adaptive-use projects to nineteenth 2004. isbn 2-86026-036-6 and twentieth century sites include Saint Th is publication stems from a joint exhibition Irene’s Church, the Benaki Museum, and organized by the central archives of the [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 24 CONSERVATION RESOURCES

Vaucluse and Drôme departments in France. Legislation Th e purpose was to educate the public about Les monuments historiques, un nouvel enjeu ? the sources of deterioration that commonly Vols. I et II, Michel Prieur and Dominique degrade or destroy archival documents. Th ese Audrerie (eds.) (Paris: L’Harmattan) 2004. include: humidity and temperature levels, isbn 2-7475-6574-2 and 2-7475-6575-0 dust and light; biodeterioration from mould In celebration of the ninetieth anniversary and bacteria, or from insect and rodent of the ground-breaking 1913 French law attack; air pollution; and disaster events such dedicated to the protection of historic as fi re and fl ood. Also covered are preventive monuments, a symposium was held in conservation, archival housing and inventory, Limoges to discuss its impact in France and and document restoration techniques worldwide on the preservation of movable including anoxic deinfestation and paper and immovable heritage. Th e published reintegration. papers present viewpoints from university scholars, lawyers and cultural heritage Biology, microbiology, infestation professionals on how this law has integrated Schimmel: Gefahr für Mensch und Kulturgut concern for heritage into subsequent durch Mikroorganismen (Fungi: a threat for people legislation, cultural policy, urban planning and and cultural heritage through micro-organisms), regional development eff orts. Angelika Rauch, et al. (eds.) (Stuttgart: Konrad Th eiss Verlag) 2004. isbn 3-8062-1925-7 Going, Going, Gone: Regulating the Market Th ese papers, presented at the 2001 vdr in Illicit Antiquities, S.R.M. Mackenzie conference, focus on the dangers posed by (Leicester, UK: Institute of Art & Law) 2005. mould and other forms of microbiological isbn 1-903987-07-5 attack, both to cultural property objects Taking as its topic the problem of and to the persons who work or come into increasing traffi c in looted objects, this contact with them. Broad topics include: book presents an analysis of current laws the identifi cation of microbial attack; regulating the international movement contamination causes; types of object damage; of antiquities, exposing legal fl aws and prevention and treatment options; and loopholes exploited by traffi ckers as precautions to shield humans from health well as ways in which these laws are risk. Th e contributions of biologists, medical not appropriately adapted to how the doctors, archivists, and lawyers were sought antiquities market functions. Th e author in addition to those of conservators, so as to presents interviews and site visits at auction create an interdisciplinary discussion useful to houses and museums, examining from all the conservation profession yet also accessible sides why the current legal controls are not to the general public. working, and how they and the antiquities market as a whole might be improved. Earthen architecture Arquitectura de Terra em Portugal/Earth Mural paintings Architecture in Portugal, Maria Fernandes and La Pintura Mural: Conservación y Mariana Correia (eds.) (Associação Centro Restauración, César del Pino Diáz (Madrid: da Terra; Lisbon: Argumentum) 2005. cie Dossat 2000) 2004. isbn 84-89656-88-6 isbn 972-8479-36-0 Th e principles and techniques of mural Th is bilingual publication, created by the paintings conservation are reviewed in Associação Centro da Terra, presents a broad this publication. Th ere are chapters on the view of the current state of Portuguese earthen following: the characterization of mural architecture. Papers from 54 contributors are painting typologies and mortar supports; divided into separate sections covering earth as diagnosis and solutions for deterioration building material, the intersection of earthen caused by water, salts, light, vibration, climate architecture with conservation, landscape, and biological attack; and conservation archaeology and contemporary architecture, methodologies including consolidation, professions associated with earthen cleaning, and protective coating. Scientifi c architecture, and training options in the fi eld. analysis and restoration documentation are Th e book touches on earth constructions discussed, as are techniques for the transfer of from Brazil, Goa and Madeira in addition to mural paintings on to new supports. documenting those of continental Portugal.

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] CONSERVATION RESOURCES 25

Madrasa Amiriya: la conservazione delle pitture criteria and techniques, climatic eff ects on the murali/Amiriya Madrasa: conservation of the mechanical behaviour of paintings, evaluating mural paintings, Selma Al Radi, Roberto and correcting tensioning levels, and other Nardi, and Chiara Zizola (Rome: Centro di topics are discussed. Conservazione Archeologica) 2005. Arabic: isbn 88-901903-2-9; Italian: isbn 88- Taiteen Muisti: konservoinnin kerrostumia/ 901903-0-2; English: isbn 88-901903-1-0 Art’s Memory: layers of conservation, Reetta Th is book details the restoration project of Kuojärvi-Närhi et al. (eds.) (Helsinki: the mural paintings of the Amiriya Madrasa, Sinebrychoff Art Museum) 2005. one of Yemen’s most signifi cant monuments, isbn 951-53-2730-X which was undertaken by the Archaeological In the course of the 2001-2002 restoration Conservation Centre of Rome with of the Sinebrychoff Art Museum, a historic the help of international funding. Th e house museum located in Helsinki, a restoration work provided the occasion for series of interventions took place to the a six-month course in 2003 which trained house interior as well as to its collections Yemeni professionals in mural painting of furniture, panel paintings, portrait conservation and maintenance. Th e book, miniatures and pastels. Among the paintings available in Arabic, Italian and English restored were works by Giovanni Boccati, versions, describes all stages of the project, Jürgen Ovens, and Marten de Vos. Th is as well as providing extensive photographic bilingual publication from the Valtion documentation of the beautiful tempera Taidemuseo (Finnish National Gallery) mural paintings, both pre- and post- documents the restorations and the scientifi c conservation. analyses that preceded them, and provides historical background on the house and its Museum storage objects, including discoveries that came to Magasinbygningens, fysik og funktion: postprint, light as a result of the conservation work. Maj Ringgaard et al. (eds.) (Hvidovre, Denmark: Nordisk Konservatorforbund, Site management and maintenance danske afdeling) 2005. isbn 87-990583-8 Historic Fortifi cation Preservation Handbook, Papers from this 2004 course on museum David M. Hansen, Kimberly Keagle and storage, held by the Danish chapter of Deborah Rehn (WA: Washington State Parks the Nordic Conservation Association, & Recreation Commission) 2003. investigate topics such as facilities design Th is handbook, produced by the Washington and layout, environmental monitoring, State Parks and Recreation Commission collections management and tracking, and together with the United States National risk management. Th is situation of museum Park Service and the University of Oregon, storage in the Faeroe Islands, Iceland and addresses the fundamental issues of historic Sweden is also discussed. Th e publication fortifi cation designation and management. ends with a section of course surveys Individual sections cover: the identifi cation evaluating conditions in six Danish museum and evaluation of military fortifi cations storage facilities. as historic properties, providing several diff erent survey and condition assessment Paintings methods; discussion of site diagnosis and Minimo intervento conservativo nel restauro treatment, with emphasis on building dei dipinti, Centro per lo studio dei materiali materials such as masonry and concrete; per il restauro (cesmar) (Saonara, Italy: Il and management issues including Prato) 2005. isbn 88-89566-29-9 documentation, the ramifi cations of public Minimal intervention was the topic of this ownership, visitor safety, site interpretation, 2004 meeting organized by cesmar, the and site care options. Abundant examples, second in the conference series Colore e case studies, sample forms and worksheets Conservazione (Colour and Conservation). In are provided. addition to defi ning the term and assessing its theoretical implications, the collected papers refl ect on the goal of minimal intervention in the light of canvas and panel paintings conservation practice. Relining and backing [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 26 CONSERVATION RESOURCES

Att vårda en kyrka, Elisabeth Svalin conference discusses the creation of fair- (Stockholm: Verbum Förlag) 2004. isbn 91- tourism partnerships, dedicated to creating 526-3011-0 a more ethical consumption where tourism Th is short volume on church maintenance, profi ts are used in target countries for produced in conjunction with the sustainable development eff orts, including site Riksantikvarieämbetet (Swedish National preservation. Articles from the conference are Heritage Board), provides practical guidance presented, along with case studies of fair- to caretakers of church property in Sweden. tourism initiatives in Francophone Africa and Th e book discusses church interiors and the Near East. exteriors with a focus on climate issues, the daily handling of church objects and Urban conservation cleaning of church spaces, the creation Cairo: Revitalising a Historic Metropolis, and maintenance of inventories, and risk Stefano Bianca and Philip Jodidio (eds.) management issues such as security, fi re, theft (Turin: Umberto Allemandi & Co) 2004. and safety. Each chapter ends with a checklist isbn 88-422-1235-0 of recommended actions, and contains Cairo, with some sixteen million residents, suggestions on how to design maintenance is one of the most densely inhabited cities routines. For instances where expert in the world, with a population level that assistance must be sought and permissions profoundly impacts the city’s historic obtained, information is given on the types monuments and the quality of life off ered to of Swedish antiquities authorities and the its residents. To improve living conditions assistance each can provide. while preserving historical monuments, the Aga Khan Trust for Culture undertook an Sculpture urban redevelopment project, creating the Policromia: a escultura policromada religiosa dos Al-Azhar public garden out of what was séculos XVII e XVIII: estudo comparativo das previously barren wasteland, restoring the técnicas, alterações e conservação em Portugal, Ayyubid city wall, and rehabilitating the Espanha e Bélgi, Ana Isabel Seruya et al. (eds.) historic but economically challenged al- (Lisbon: Instituto português de conservação e Darb al-Ahmar district. Papers collected in restauro (IPCR)) 2004. isbn 972-95724-4-5 this volume retrace the history of Cairo’s Th is book arose from a comparative study monuments and outline aspects of the urban project starting in 1999 which involved nine redevelopment scheme, with its stated aim of movable-objects conservation institutions in reconciling conservation needs with those of Portugal, Spain and Belgium. Th e intent was Cairo residents. to create a subject database, as well as to work systematically towards a European standard Th e Science of Saving Venice, Caroline Fletcher of best practices for conserving religious and Jane Da Mosto (Turin: Umberto polychrome Baroque sculpture. Papers from Allemandi & Co.) 2004. isbn 88-422-1310-1 the 2002 conference held at the IPCR in Despite numerous restoration works to its Lisbon present diff erent aspects of the topic, monuments, Venice is at ever-increasing risk including study of techniques, deterioration from fl ooding caused by soil subsidence and eff ects, work methodologies and pigment rising Adriatic sea-levels, as well as from analysis for polychrome sculpture in wood, lagoon modifi cations and heavy traffi c which clay and stone. alter tidal patterns and negatively impact water purity. Th ese rising levels of salt water Tourism and pollution, in turn, attack the city’s stone Tourisme solidaire et développement durable, foundations. Th is book, the result of a three- Jean-Marie Collombon et al. (eds.) (Paris: year research project based at Cambridge Éditions du Gret) 2004. University, distils the state of current isbn 2-86844-149-1 science and explains potential solutions to Th e tourism sector is one of the most save Venice, including barrier technology, economically dynamic in the world, yet its restoration of lagoon wetlands, and the need very success creates concerns for the negative for careful coordination of restoration eff orts. impacts of increasing numbers of visitors on sites and on the often-disadvantaged countries where they are located. Th is 2003

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] CONSERVATION RESOURCES 27

Publications for Sale

The following books are a selection of recent Legal Frameworks for the titles offered for sale by ICCROM. Unless Protection of Immovable otherwise noted, works are in the language(s) Cultural Heritage in of the title. Africa, W. Ndoro and The books may be purchased online from the G. Pwiti (eds). Rome: ICCROM bookshop (http://www.iccrom.org/ iccrom, 2005. 75 pp. eng/db_bookshop.asp), or by downloading (iccrom Conservation the order form, or by writing directly to Studies 5). €25.00 the bookshop at ICCROM (address on back cover).

El estudio y la Porous Building conservación de la Materials - Materials cerámica decorada en Science for Architectural arquitectura. Conservation, A. Alva Balderrama, A. G. Torraca. Reprint. Almagro Vidal, and I. Rome: iccrom, 2005. Bestué Cardiel (eds). 149 pp. €15.00 Rome: iccrom, 2003. Several languages. €60.00

Traditional Solubility and Solvents Conservation Practices for Conservation in Africa, Problems, G. Torraca. T. Joff roy (ed.). Rome: Reprint. Rome: iccrom, iccrom, 2005. 104 pp. 2005. 64 pp. €10.00 (iccrom Conservation Studies 2). €30.00

Conservation of Living Management Guidelines Religious Heritage, for World Cultural H. Stovel, N. Stanley- Heritage Sites, Price and R. Killick B.M. Feilden and (eds). Rome: iccrom, J. Jokilehto. Arabic 2005. 113 pp. (iccrom translation. Rome: Conservation Studies iccrom, 2005. 142 pp. 3). €40.00 €20.00

Th e Preservation of Reburial of Archaeological Great Zimbabwe: Your Sites: a colloquium Monument, Our Shrine. held at Santa Fe, W. Ndoro. Rome: New Mexico, 17-21 iccrom, 2005. 90 pp. March 2003. Special (iccrom Conservation issue of Conservation Studies 4). €30.00 and Management of Archaeological Sites, Vol. 6, Nos. 3 and 4, 2004. 270 pp. € 66.00 [email protected] ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 28 CONSERVATION RESOURCES

Manual para el manejo de Th eory of Restoration, los sitios del Patrimonio Cesare Brandi. Cultural Mundial, Florence: Nardini B.M. Feilden and Editore, 2005. 186 pp. J. Jokilehto. Rome: €20.00 ICCROM, 2003. 187 pp. €22.00

Preparación ante el Guide de manipulation riesgo: un manual para des collections, V. Illes, B. el manejo del Patrimonio Derion. Paris: Somogy Cultural Mundial, H. –Editions d’art, 2004. Stovel. Rome: iccrom, 128 pp. €20.00 2003. 206 pp. €22.00

Survey of the legal Th e Compleat Marble and professional Sleuth, P. Rockwell, responsibilities of the S. Rosenfeld and H. Conservator-Restorers. Hanley. Sunny Isles ECCO, 2001. 324 pp. Beach, FL, Rockrose Bilingual English and Publishing, 2004. French. €30.00 233 pp. €50.00

ICOM Committee for Th e Illustrated Burra Conservation. 14th Charter: Good Practice Triennial Meeting, Th e for Heritage Places, Hague, 12-16 September Peter Marquis-Kyle 2005. Pre-prints. and Meredith Walker. London: James & Burwood: Australia James, 2005. 2 vols. and icomos, 2004. 116 pp. 1 cd-rom. €155.00 €32.00

Les mosaïques: conserver Keeping Time: the pour présenter/Mosaics: History and Th eory of Conserve to Display?, Preservation in America, VIIème conférence du W. J. Murtagh. 3rd ed. ICCM, Actes, Arles, Hoboken: N. J. Wiley 22-28 novembre 1999. & Sons, 2005. 249 pp. Arles: Musée de l’Arles €34.00 antique, 2004. 493 pp. In French and English. €35.00

ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006 [email protected] Programmes Staff PARTNERS IN ICCROM’S PROGRAMMES 2005 – 2006 Academy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius, Lithuania Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain National Research Laboratory for Conservation of The articles in this newsletter Offi ce of the Director-General Isabelle d’Ailhaud de Brisis, Agbodrafo Municipality, Togo Estonian Academy of Arts, Tallinn, Estonia Cultural Property (NRLCP), India refl ect the range of programme Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General, Administrative Assistant Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan The European Commission Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN) Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum, Fine Arts Department, Thailand Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation activities carried out by ICCROM Finland Food and Agriculture Organization of the United (NORAD) during 2005–2006. These activities Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Chiara Lespérance, Administrative Amis du Patrimoine, Togo Nations (FAO) Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research take place worldwide and take Administration, Assistant Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientifi c The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), USA (NIKU) on a variety of forms. They involve Organization (ALECSO) The Getty Foundation, USA Norwegian University of Science and Technology courses, meetings, seminars and Maria Teresa Jaquinta, Offi ce of Communication and Information Archaeological Survey of India Helsinki University of Technology, Finland (NTNU) publications on a wide range of Italian Government Development Robert Killick, Manager Asian Academy for Heritage Management ICOM-Conservation Committee (ICOM-CC) Old Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), Lithuania Association de Développement de Tiébélé Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), France Opifi cio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy topics, as well as technical advisory Co-operation Coordinator Botswana National Museum, Botswana Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH), Organisation of World Heritage Cities missions and other forms of support Mónica García Robles, Web Administrator Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI), Canada Seville, Spain Parks Canada to Member States. Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada International Committee for the Conservation of Pontifi cal Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training, Caribbean Regional Branch of the International Mosaics (ICCM) Church, Holy See The ICCROM programmes that have Geraldine Fructuoso, Administrative Information & Fellowships Council on Archives International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS) Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice Centre de Recherches sur la conservation des International Council of Museums (ICOM) Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World been recommended by Council and Assistant documents graphiques (CRCDG), France International Council on Archives (ICA) Heritage Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunis, approved by the General Assembly Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant Centre for Building Technology, Finland International Council on Monuments and Sites Tunisia for the 2006-2007 Biennium are as Sonia Santangelo, Administrative Clerk Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (CHDA), (ICOMOS) Republic of Montenegro Institute for Conservation of follows: Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk formerly PMDA, Mombasa, Kenya International Federation of Library Associations and Cultural Monuments, Serbia and Montenegro Sites Unit Centre International de la Construction en Terre Institutions (IFLA) Republic of Montenegro Regional Institute for - Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de International Institute for Conservation (IIC) Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor, Serbia ICCROM Forum Joseph King, Unit Director Documentation, Library and Archives Grenoble (CRATerre-ENSAG), France Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Italy and Montegengro Preventive conservation Paul Arenson, Manager Centro de Conservação e preservação fotográfi ca Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Sharing conservation decisions Zaki Aslan, Project Coordinator, ATHAR (FUNARTE), Brazil Kabaka Foundation, Uganda Heritage) CollAsia 2010 (for Southeast Asian María Mata Caravaca, Archivist Centro de Conservação Integrada Urbana e Territorial Library of Congress, USA Robben Island Museum, South Africa collections) Webber Ndoro, Project Manager, AFRICA (CECI), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Direzione Generale per la Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture, Centro Europeo Venezia Copenhagen, Denmark Archives and libraries collections 2009 Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnica per la Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Italy Samuel H. Kress Foundation conservation Conservazione del Patrimonio Storico-Architettonico Ministry of Culture, Azerbaijan Saneyocop (South Asian Network of Young Built heritage Sadahiko Tanaka, Project Manager Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant (CISTeC), Italy Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Bulgaria Conservation Professionals) AFRICA 2009 Centro Internacional para la Conservación del Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities and SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre for Archaeology ATHAR Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager, Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant Patrimonio (CICOP), Tenerife, Spain Museums, Syrian Arab Republic and Fine Arts), Thailand Centro Nacional de Conservación y Restauración Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities, Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, Italy (CNCR), Santiago de Chile, Chile Lebanon Soprintendenza per i beni architettonici e per il Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance Chalmers University of Technology, Göteburg, Ministry of Culture, Department of Cultural Heritage paesaggio per l’Umbria, Italy 2009 Service/Library Assistant Sweden Protection, Lithuania Soprintendenza Regionale dell’Umbria, Italy Chefferie de Tiébélé Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport, Soprintendenza Regionale per i Beni e le Attività ICCROM NEWSLETTER, 32 Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist Administration and Logistics Children of Phrae (COP), Thailand Georgia Culturali della Liguria, Genoa, Italy JUNE 2006 Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and Comité de Gestion du Tombeau des Askia, Gao, Mali Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway South African Heritage Resources Agency Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ICVBC, Italy Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for Swedish International Development Cooperation Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory Coordinator Administration Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Offi ce, Asia/ International Development Cooperation, Finland Agency (Sida), Sweden ISBN 92-9077-202-6 Pacifi c Culture Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Japan Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN 1010-2639 Elena Incerti Medici, Meriem Boudjelti, EPA Fund Co-ordinator Curso de Especialização em Conservação e Antiquities, Jordan Department of Landscape Planning (SLU) © ICCROM 2006 Senior Administrative Assistant Restauração de Monumentos e Conjuntos Históricos Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara Tampere University of Technology, Finland Roberto Nahum, Information Systems (CECRE), Brazil Mombasa Old Town Conservation Offi ce (MOTCO), UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris, France Departamento de Ingegniería Civil, Pontifi cia Kenya UNESCO, Division des politiques culturelles et du Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative Administrator Universidad Católica del Perú Municipality of Kotor, Serbia and Montenegro dialogue interculturel, Paris, France Cover images Assistant, AFRICA 2009 Département des Eaux et Forêts, Gao, Mali Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway UNESCO Offi ce, Amman, Jordan Top left: A funerary monument Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy Department of Antiquities, Malawi Naaba of Kokologho UNESCO Offi ce, Bangkok, Thailand in the Non-Catholic Cemetery of Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative Department of Antiquities, Tanzania Nara Municipality, Japan UNESCO Offi ce, Beirut, Lebanon Rome. Assistant, ATHAR Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk Department of Antiquities and Museums, Uganda National Archives of Brazil (AN), Brazil UNESCO Offi ce, New Dehli, India DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation, UNESCO Offi ce, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories Top right: The Old City of Nablus in National Board of Antiquities, Finland National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and National Centre for Arts and Culture, The Gambia UNESCO Offi ce, Venice, Italy April 2002 (© K. Bishara). Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk Montenegro National Commission for Museums and Monuments, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France Bottom left: the library in Schloss Direcção Geral dos Edifi cíos e Monumentos Nigeria UNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal Regional Offi ce Branitz, Cottbus, Germany Collections Unit Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk Nacionais, Portugal National Heritage Board, Sweden for Asia and the Pacifi c), Bangkok, Thailand (© Stiftung Fürst Pückler Museum Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bénin National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Burkina Faso Université Libanaise, Centre de Conservation et Park und Schloß Branitz). Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics National Institute for Cultural Monuments, Bulgaria Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Cameroun National Monuments Council, Namibia Restauration, Tripoli, Lebanon Bottom right: Participants of the Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Senior Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Gabon National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and University of Botswana ATHAR course examine mosaics. Conservation Adviser Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Madagascar Montenegro University of Hong Kong, Architectural Conservation Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Niger National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands Programme, China Katriina Similä, Project Manager Giuseppe Cioffi , Driver & Messenger Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Sénégal National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe University of Perugia, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Togo National Museums of Kenya University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy Direction du Patrimoine Culturel et du National Museums of Namibia University of Santo Tomes, Philippines All images © ICCROM Archive unless Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist Développement Culturel, Congo National Museum of the Philippines, Manila University of Urbino, Italy otherwise credited. Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel, Mali National Park Service, USA University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe José Luiz Pedersoli Junior, Research Direction Régionale des Sports et de la Culture, Gao, National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, US/ICOMOS Scientist Mali Nara (NRICPN), Japan Valletta Rehabilitation Project Offi ce, Malta DOCOMOMO International National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, World Conservation Union (IUCN) Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), Benin Tokyo (NRICPT), Japan World Monuments Fund (WMF)

Partner list,15 June 2006 ICCROM

NEWSLETTER June 2006 32

ICCROM

ICCROM, the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, is an intergovernmental organization (IGO), and the only institution of its kind dedicated to the protection and preservation of cultural heritage worldwide, including monuments and sites, as well as museum, library and archive collections. ICCROM fulfi ls its mission through collecting and disseminating information; co-ordinating research; offering consultancy and advice; providing advanced training; and promoting awareness of the value of preserving cultural heritage.

ICCROM Via di San Michele, 13 I-00153 Rome, Italy Telephone: +39-06585531 Fax: +39-0658553349 [email protected] www. iccrom.org

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY