SECTION c FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2016 SUMMIT HIGH SCHOOL features VOL 15, ISSUE 4 thePINNACLE

STAND

UPMore than 100 people rally in downtown Bend, Ore. to protest the death of LaVoy Finicum, an occupier at the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Photo courtesy of Jarod Opperman, The Bulletin grace boyle Similar to the University of Missouri protest, News Editor at Yale University, students were offended by the of college students seek to increase Where does the line between freedom of speech fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon (SAE) for racist 38% the diversity of professors. and overly coddled minds exist? Are there unsaid actions over Halloween. SAE turned down Black rules we must abide by to remain lawful and loyal women trying to enter their Halloween party and to our country? College students attend school to said “White girls only.” learn all aspects of everyday life without bias and Yale student, Neema Githere, was outraged simply to increase exposure to new culture. A fresh and took action by creating an event on Facebook. of college students want training to topic throughout the U.S. regards college students The page shared the incident at the SAE fraternity diversify faculty member beliefs. as sensitive, sheltered children. party which went viral on social media. 35% Student protests around the country, primarily “I’d just like to take a moment to give a shoutout at University of Missouri and Yale, expose how to the member of Yale’s SAE chapter who turned students respond to change. Face to face with away a group of girls from their party last night, racism, sexism and other discriminations that may explaining that admittance was on a ‘White-Girls- or may not have been present in their high schools, Only’ basis; and a belated shoutout to the SAE of college students desire funding for college students have recently began peaceful member who turned me and my friends away for 25% cultural centers on campus. protests to encourage change. the same reason last year. God Bless the USA,” “I don’t think college students are too sensitive. Githere said. As long as laws are obeyed, student protesting Several teachers at Yale did not, however, is completely legal. These students believe they feel there was an issue. Some have suggested can make an impact, so let them do so,” said the nationwide trend currently is the alleged sophomore Aiden Haley. “Personally if I were to “Coddling of the American Mind,” as written protest, it would be to help prevent the occurrence in the Atlantic by Greg Lukianoff and Jonathan of domestic violence.” Haidt. Basically, the theory states that the new A number of college students attended protests generations of students are far too sensitive and across the country regarding Ferguson, Mo., for cannot “take a joke.” Likewise, that students waste the shooting of Michael Brown, an unarmed Black too much energy on superfluous protesting. man shot by a White police officer. On campus at Yale professor Erika Christakis wrote a letter Mizzou, students were outraged due to the fact 42% to the students in response to their protesting. that, following the incident in Ferguson, racial “Is there no room anymore for a child or young of Summit tensions were not eased by the administration. person to be a little bit obnoxious—a little bit students witness The student body president, Payton Head, said inappropriate or provocative or, yes, offensive?” he was walking on campus when several students asked Christakis. 700 students from Yale signed an discrimination shouted racial slurs at him. Similarly, on campus at open letter in protest of the professor’s response. regarding gender, Mizzou, a few students were play-practicing when An outrage erupted from Christakis’s response; socioeconomics a White man walked by while yelling racist terms students set out to have her fired, along with her at the students. husband, who also teaches at Yale. Controversies or race at school. The last straw for these students was when regarding free speech were tossed around a swastika was created out of feces on a dorm at throughout the country as well. President of Yale Mizzou. Widespread campus protests ensued. Peter Salovey responded by promising to fund In the extreme case at Mizzou in Nov. 2015, over cultural centers and hire four diverse faculty 17% 76% thirty football players refused to play until the members, as requested by the student protesters. of Summit of Summit president of the school was fired. A student named “I fully support students taking charge for what students feel students claim Jonathan Butler persisted through a week long they believe in. For me, gender inequality is an hunger strike to prove his passion for equality. issue I feel strongly about,” senior Merritt Allen they have been they would President Tim Wolfe wrote a letter and spoke out said. “Although I am for change, I also have a fear personally protest an on the swastika incident occurring at the school. that students could have all of the power which discriminated issue they feel “Racism exists at MU. I want to make it clear sounds dangerous. It’s a tough situation.” that we do not tolerate racism and prejudice on Student protesting around the country against at school. strongly about. our campus. We will identify this individual from encouraged the faculty of colleges to change last night, and this person will be disciplined,” staff, curriculum and treatment in schools. And Wolfe said. Shortly following the protests, Wolfe many of these peaceful protests have achieved YOUR VOICE resigned and Butler ended the strike. accomplishments likely to live on nationwide. 500 students polled brown amherst siena cincinnati oberlin

Following a police incident, the The students arranged to vote Siena College students protested An unarmed black man was A petition was created by the students organized a blackout and propose a new mascot gender inequality seen in an shot and killed by a University students of Oberlin College in on the green in which they to the board of trustees. Lord advertisement by Teakwood of Cincinnati police officer. In order to change the menu at the wore black and spoke into a Jeff, the mascot, was said to using the phrase “your wife response, the students formed cafeteria. A complaint is that microphone about times they have given Native Americans wants me,” next to the picture of the “Irate 8” and demanding there is not enough “American have been discriminated against. smallpox-infected blankets. a kitchen. progressive curriculum change. food,” such as fried chicken. C2 FEATURES FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2016

Natalie Burdsall Staff Writer

I am happy being deaf because it is part of who I am,” THE BURDSALL FAMILY AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE ALPHABET Burdsall said. Burdsall’s deafness not only changed her life, but The typical American family is generally associated helped shape mine. Exposed to a world of stereotypes with a stay-at-home mom, working father and two and the necessity to adapt, I have developed a perspective children. Although social norms have shifted to the focused on the idea that achievement is not limited, point to where it is common not to follow such cultural while also expanding my understanding of other people stereotypes, my family dynamic is not quite as typical. and the struggles they may be facing. My mother, Monica Burdsall, is deaf. Although I have been repeatedly asked how I can live Suffering from hearing loss prior to birth caused by with something so seemingly alien, I have never known German measles (a viral infection), her parents had not anything else; it has always been my reality. While I may been aware of the hearing deficit until she was three not be able to have a conversation across the room or years old. By this time, a major language barrier had share my passion for music, having a deaf mother has formed between Burdsall and the hearing world. allowed me to become who I am today. With 10 other children, Burdsall’s parents were not able to learn sign language and instead placed her in an Intervention Program for deaf preschool students, THE HERZIG FAMILY designed to help children develop oral speaking skills through consistent repetition and practice. She entered While having a disabled parent is not necessarily kindergarten two years later in a hearing school, with ordinary, I am not the only student at our school in this little cognitive knowledge of the English language. type of situation. “I was totally at a loss with words when learning When freshman Nick Herzig was only three years and struggled through reading and math. Going to old, his father, Steve, was in a serious bike accident, a mainstream school was not beneficial for me,” said paralyzing him from the neck down. Although he Burdsall. has retained some movement and can walk with the Without the ability to speak English fluently, Burdsall assistance of trekking poles, the way he and his family repeated the second grade, categorized as a “mildly go about everyday activities has changed. retarded and nonfunctional student.” Despite this, she “It was difficult when I was younger since I didn’t continued to be put through an oral method of learning, get to do many things with him. I couldn’t play sports up until Signed Exact English became readily available with him or do other things most kids would take for in middle school. granted,” Nick said. “We also had to take our time to go With a system of manual communication and a anywhere and develop a lot of patience.” near exact representation of the English vocabulary Successfully selling real estate across the nation, and grammar, Burdsall was able to communicate more Steve has retained his individuality and has not let his efficiently, but still lacked key learning skills. disability affect him in a manner. Even though Burdsall continued to struggle academically through he has had to make adjustments to his lifestyle, he can middle and high school but as she finished her senior year, 90% of deaf parents have still accomplish anything he sets his mind to. “He can she began to learn and communicate with American Sign still do everything he wants to do,” Nick said. “My dad Language (ASL). Accepted into Gallaudet University, may have obstacles, but he can conquer them.” the only deaf-oriented college in the United States, she hearing children was finally able to complete her education and graduate with a bachelor’s degree in recreation and a master’s in THE HICKS FAMILY deaf education. 3 in every 1,000 children Soon after, Burdsall transferred to Indiana University Facing a similar situation, freshman Sarah Hicks has a to work as an ASL teacher, where she met Tim, a fellow in the U.S. are born father who has developed muscular dystrophy, a disease student aspiring to become a part of the deaf education that causes the progressive loss of muscle mass. system. Tim had fallen completely in love with deaf with a detectable level Diagnosed with muscular dystrophy nearly four culture and Burdsall, despite his opera singing profession years ago, Stuart has had to adjust his lifestyle in order to and musical background. In the years that followed, of hearing loss combat the gradual loss of muscular strength. “He goes Burdsall and Tim married and had three children: my to medical and homeopathic doctors regularly to work brother Colin, a senior, myself and my sister Julia, a on his back, because of the muscular strain it’s under,” seventh grader. 1 in every 6 people Sarah said. Additionally, Stuart has changed his diet in Both dedicated to teaching and the community, they order to avoid harmful sugars and gluten. moved to Bend, Ore., and began their careers in education; suffer from some kind of Despite these restrictions, Stuart pushed through his Tim worked as a counselor at Juniper Elementary School struggles and has continued to follow his passion; he and Burdsall as an ASL teacher at Bend Senior High recently began raising cows and even started a salsa School and Central Oregon Community College. hearing loss or deafness making business here in town. Since I was an infant, both of my parents committed Although Stuart lives a very independent lifestyle, themselves to teaching me ASL alongside English so I Sarah her brother and sister all occasionally step in could communicate. With sign language like second 1 in every 2,000 infants in to help, predominantly with household chores and nature. I expressed needs and emotions through my strenuous activities. hands naturally and continue to do so, despite Burdsall’s the U.S. are born with a “Since he has no muscle in one of his legs, and his arm ability to speak and read lips proficiently. and shoulder muscles are deteriorating, we will help out While communicating through ASL is a large part of spine defect per year around the house and try to do anything that he isn’t how our family interacts, it is not the only adaptation of able to,” Sarah said. “If it keeps developing at this rate, our lifestyle. Without the ability to call over the phone, a we may also start helping him move around.” majority of our long-distance communication is through While they have made adjustments to help Stuart texting, FaceTime, or the Purple Communications 1 in every 50 people in get around more efficiently, Sarah does not believe it is interpreter calling system, which allows Burdsall to sign an impediment to her lifestyle and would not change through a camera to an interpreter, who will translate to the U.S. are living with anything about it. “I don’t want the muscular dystrophy us over the phone. Since she is generally unable to keep to develop enough to where it’s physically painful for up with conversation when several people are talking at paralysis him, but if I could go back and change it, I wouldn’t,” once; we also will hire an interpreter or translate through Sarah said. “It has changed me and my family in the best sign language ourselves. way possible.” Although our family has made adjustments because 29% of people have Even though our parents have found ways to conquer of Burdsall’s deafness, it is in no way a hindrance to our their obstacles, the lack of widespread knowledge on lives or hers. She is still able to participate in everyday paralysis due to a stroke physical disabilities has caused the development of an activities and can do so with just as much efficiency. “It idea that their differences make them incapable of doing is a common misconception that I cannot do some things many of the activities we can. other people can. I am still able to do everything, I just There are 8 known types “I may not be able to do some things, but I can do can’t hear,” Burdsall said. many others that most people can’t—I am different, not While Burdsall is just as capable as a hearing person, of muscular dystrophy disabled,” Burdsall said. she faces stereotypes and incorrect assumptions on Sarah expressed similar ideas, saying, “This has a daily basis. “I had once tried volunteering at a soup and the most common definitely changed my dad’s life, but that doesn’t mean kitchen here in Bend. When they found out I was deaf, it is going to stop him from pursuing his passions. He they thought I was too handicapped to help,” Burdsall form is Duchenne MD will always find a way.” said. “I’ve also experienced being asked if I could drive. With labels like handicap and cripple, leading a normal Some people do not realize that just because I am deaf, life is made more difficult through the unintentional doesn’t mean I am not capable of doing these types of insensitivity of bystanders. Although many are merely everyday things.” 2 in every 10 adults in curious and unsure how to act, it is important to Even though she has struggled with communication, remember that a physical disability does not change who learning in public environments and stereotypes, the U.S. live with some you are or what you are capable of. Burdsall would not change anything about being deaf. As the famous tennis player Martina Navratilova said, “While at times I have wished to hear, especially music, sort of disability “Disability is a matter of perception.” THE PINNACLE • SUMMIT HIGH SCHOOL FEATURES C3

Sarah Heinly Features Editor energy drinks

oo much of a good thing isn’t always a A typical day for a high school student begins in over good thing; frankly, too much of anything the early morning and slowly progresses through has its consequences. Over consumption seven hours of involuntary class work and social has victimized a large percentage of the interactions. For some, days are dragged out population, hospitalizing some while leaving even longer with the addition of extracurricular consumption Tothers wondering about their health. Seemingly activities. With the common desire of sleeping harmless foods and beverages, if consumed in stripped from their control, teenagers are large doses, can potentially be dangerous for an desperately searching for a pick-me-up. individual’s health. While some rely on coffee to get them through by the With new health trends surfacing by the the day, others seek caffeine through other sources: minute, whether it be diet programs or new energy drinks. ways to improve athletic performance, people Data shows that an estimated half of the are subjecting themselves to the effects of over teenage population in the United States consume consumption. Trends such as water, salt, energy energy drinks. Seemingly harmless at first glance, numbers drinks and protein have earned their place in the studies show that “hidden” ingredients found daily routines of many individuals, and rightfully in the popular energizers can be harmful to the so. The benefits of these trends should not be consumer’s health. These types of hidden caffeine overlooked. But equally, the effects of consuming that manufacturers are not required to include too much of these food and beverage products in the ingredients list of their products can cause should not go unnoticed. heart problems when consumed in high doses. In this day and age, the growing popularity Energy drinks, when consumed in moderation, of social media, temptations have never been have little impact on long term health; however, so prominent. While advertisements display over consumption can cause dizziness, agitation, 2 convincing products, it is important not to dismiss an increase in blood pressure, chest pain and heart liters of water an the facts that advertisements do not address. related problems, such as an irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations. The high amounts of caffeine hour can lead to and added sugar can cause an increase in QT levels, hyponatremia which refer to the waves of the heart’s electrical water cycle, triggering complications centered around an irregular heart beat. According to the Substance With the constant daily reminder to drink more Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, water, an added pressure has evolved in the lives the amount of energy drink related emergency of many health conscious individuals. Focusing room visits doubled from 10,000 to 20,000 over the 19 on the amount of daily water intake may seem span of four years from 2007 to 2011. necessary since water is essential. However, the Consuming drinks with high amounts of percent of college resource that keeps us alive can become the route caffeine in small amounts will not cause serious students who to our demise. health problems. However, when these ingredients regularly drink Over hydration can be just as serious as are over consumed, the body negatively responds. dehydration. Medically labeled hyponatremia, Moderation is the one ingredient that can keep energy drinks have drinking too much water lowers the sodium levels health on the right track. shown signs of heart found in the blood. Sodium helps regulate fluid palpitations levels in cells. When these levels get too low, cells begin to swell. This can result in unwanted side protein effects, including nausea, headache, confusion, fatigue, muscle weakness and, in extreme cases, decreased consciousness or seizures. A building block for bone, muscle and Feeling full from water can be the gateway to hormones, protein has developed well-deserved hyponatremia. Liquids containing sodium and hype. It serves as a popular aid for athletes to 29 electrolytes are proven to quench thirst more increase muscle mass and help their performance billion gallons of efficiently than water. Upping sodium intake with added strength. can help reduce water levels in cells. Although Many diets are centered around consuming a energy drinks are it is important to stay hydrated, keeping water large amount of protein since it helps the body consumed yearly by levels in proportion is just as important. To avoid feel full longer. Ironically, a common outcome of Americans overhydration, drink water in adequate doses this tactic is not weigh loss but weight gain. When throughout the day. the body is given more protein than it needs, the excess is not used properly. Instead, it is converted into sugar,which in turn, becomes fat due to the excess that is not converted into energy. Too much salt protein can put a lot of stress on the kidneys. As protein is digested, it is the kidney’s job to process 3-5 Fluid balance within cells, the ability to contract it and remove any waste products the body does times muscles and transmission of nerve impulses rely not recognize or need. The more protein that enters on a common food additive: salt. A craving that the body, the more work the kidneys have to do. the amount of should not be ignored, it is important to balance It’s estimated that Americans consume three recommended daily salt intake to avoid complications. Although it is a to five times more protein than the recommended protein is consumed necessary substance for involuntary actions inside daily amount. A typical adult needs about 40 the body, too much salt provides more problems to 70 grams a day, athletes needing about 25 by the average than assistance. percent more. Any consumed after that amount is American Salt is often used as a preservative because of unneeded in the body. its ability to absorb moisture. While helpful for A recent culprit gaining popularity in the storing food in the fridge, an opposite reaction nutrition world, and contributing to the risk of occurs inside the body. Consuming too much salt over consumption of protein, is protein powder. increases blood volume and blood pressure due An easy additive to smoothies and other recipes, to water retention. As the salt absorbs water, the protein powder is becoming a well-recognized body produces more to replace the amount lost celebrity. Although it can be a beneficial way to which can cause cells to swell. The kidneys, which meet the daily needs of protein intake, sticking to play an important role of delivering water to the the basic sources of protein, such as meat and nuts, rest of the body, then cut back on releasing water can help reduce the risk of over consumption. Limit to avoid swelling. This response, in return, causes additives and go straight to the original source. dehydration, which causes nausea, dizziness and Nutritionist Andrea Cespedes of Demand stomach cramps. Media warns consumers that “commercial In moderation, salt is a fitting additive for flavor protein shakes often include added sweeteners, enhancement and preservation that has many supplements, artificial preservatives, colorings positive attributes; but, like most things, too much and chemicals. Any of these, consumed to excess, has negative results. can be bad additions to a diet. HOW OVER CONSUMPTION STACKS

UP Photos by SArah Heinly 1

2 3 4

8 Analogue Polaroid Lomography Art that uses electronic mediums. An A type of camera that has an internal This global organization specializes in analogue-style camera or film interacts processing in order to immediately print vivid , cameras and equipment, with light and chemicals to produce right after each exposure. and encourages photographers to take an image. their camera everywhere they go. 35mm format Medium format Large format A camera with interchangeable lenses, The more expensive medium format This bulky camera has an extremely high single lens reflex and of inexpensive camera uses a larger film, but gives more print quality, complete control of depth

THE LINGO and superior quality. This camera is customized options than the 35mm. of field and quality perspective and focus. typical for budding photographers The format is traditionally used in still However, this format is not typically used new to the world of film. photography. for quick captures. Ektar 100 With the bright tones and the “world’s finest grain,” this film is the higher quality style professionals Film is not dead. use. Running at $7.00 a Miranda Harris Hamlin Features Editor roll, this film is perfect for landscapes. Film photography would have photography costs significantly more accidental “happy mistakes” add been expected to have been killed than digital photography. However, interest to a photo and make each off by the digital era, but instead it is with a darkroom, a photo seems to and every image special in its own Portra 400 gaining momentum and elevation in develop before the eyes, appearing as unique way, just as any type of art popularity. Used primarily by people if it were magic. The more evocative should be. The portrait film has under 35 years old, film is coming images and expertise needed to get beautiful purple colors back with the newest generations. the correct exposure, composition and DOUBLE EXPOSURES that create light, even skin With many first-time users looking lighting will no doubt give anyone an Double exposures are all over tones. It is an extremely for a more creative, experimental advantage in the photography world. the internet—two or more photos popular film with way to take photos, the film industry Yes, the ability to delete an unwanted superimposed in a single frame. professionals, running at is evidently booming. With the photo off a digital camera is handy. By overlapping different subjects, $12.00 a roll. hashtags of “filmisnotdead,” “film,” No, there is not a long process of creating artistic, intriguing and “nofilter” and “lomo,” gaining fame, developing a photo off of an iPhone. surreal photos is simple. To create Lomography Films more and more people are finding But with no instant satisfaction for a beautiful silhouettes with multiple film photography something to brag great photo, it’s an art form unlike exposures, take a photo of the subject This fun, experimental about in this iPhone-camera age. any other: a photographer gets to with a light background, for example, film has a polaroid look. experience seemingly nothingness the sky or a white wall. The next The style gives off strong THE PROCESS become a photo right then and there. photo should be of a well-lit, well- colors and, starting at $3, The process of Non-Polaroid textured landscape, such as trees. The a roll of lomography is a film photography is long, but very THE HAPPY MISTAKES trees will fill in the silhouette giving perfect place to start when rewarding. With its grainy look and A photo taken on a smartphone just a simple yet gorgeous photo. Take experimenting with film ‘happy mistakes,’ the process of film looks empty: there is no uniqueness one of the photos upside down—or photography. can be controlled from start to finish. to the photo. Maybe with a little better yet, do a film swap. Shoot a From the type and look of the film, editing the photo can look slightly roll of film, rewind, then send it off Fujifilm Superia to the chemicals and scanning of better, but it never looks professional. to a friend so they shoot their own negatives, a photo can be edited to That is rarely the problem with film. photos. Once developed, the life of This cooler toned film perfection without using any artificial From light leaks to unusual colors, two different people is able to be creates beautiful greens editing software. Though film every photo is unique, individual and seen on just one roll of film. With lots and blues. It is inexpensive, cameras have no screen to preview or interesting. There are no mistakes in of experimenting and risk-taking, at about $3.00 per roll, delete the photo, the surprise of what film—besides forgetting to take the excellent double exposures are which makes the roll the photos look like is worth the wait. lens cap off or having a finger over completely rewarding. perfect for beginners. the lens. With phone cameras and point- PROS + CONS Purchasing cheap film that expired and-shoot cameras, film has been Ilford Film “But why use film when digital years ago can give off unexpected deemed unnecessary, but it is in no The perfect black and cameras are so easy and effortless to colors and grain that wouldn’t be way dying out. The film industry white film. Ilford’s use?” many question. Like everything, possible with digital photography is booming, thanks to a new-found films vary in contrast, there are positives and negatives to without excessive amounts of interest in film photography. The darkness, and grain giving film photography. One of the biggest manipulation. Accidently over- or old art form of picture-taking is photographers a fully problems of film is the prevalent underexposing a photo can lead to being brought back by passionate customizable look. Prices cost. From the camera, to the lens, a beautiful faded look, or can even individuals who appreciate the hard range from $4.00 to $6.00. 1 to the film and development, film create an eerie masterpiece. These work that goes into film photography.

4 5 6 7 1)Sunset on one of the mountains within the Sierra Nevada range 2) Forest near the Astoria Column 3) Downtown Portland, Ore. 4) Double exposure of Isabella Harris Hamlin and Dotted smartweed, found in the Deschutes National Forest 5) Isabella Harris Hamlin, a rainy day in Florence, Ore. 6) Stream running down the hike to Mt. Whitney 7) Mt. Whitney, one of the mountains in the Sierra Nevada range 8) Tumalo Mountain, northeast of Mt. Bachelor Photos by Miranda Harris Hamlin

Portrait of the artist as a young film photographer an interview with payton crocker

Q: What kind of film camera do you use? Q: What are the cons of film photography?

A: I use a Nikon FA and either a 28mm f/2.8 or A: Probably the one downfall of film 50mm f/1.8 lens. photography is the expense of it. From buying the camera, to film and development, the cost Q: Why film photography not digital? can add up fast. Besides that, I absolutely love A: Film has a kind of magic to it. Every photo it. Every roll of film and camera is different, and that makes each one so unique. 8 comes out differently with its own quirks. Film is simple: you snap the photo, develop it, then print it out. There is no need to alter them as Q: Who from the film world inspires you? oppose to digital where most people have to edit. A: Richard Mosse is the most amazing film photographer. Some of his work was displayed Q: What would you tell someone starting out in Portland about a year ago and ever since I’ve with film? been obsessed. His most recent was using Aerochrome film which is an infrared sensitive, A: It’s a long process, but so worth it. Experiment false-color shot in the Congo. The and play around because that’s the fun of film. greens in the photo’s are turned pink and purple Use different films, cameras, lenses and chemical by the infrared and they are the most amazing, baths when developing and find your style. Just beautiful, inspiring photographs. watch your budget. C6 FEATURES FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2016

Ali Epple Features Editor Beginning last year on June 16, 2015, when Donald Trump policies and plans, which would explain Stanford University’s The social media announced his official campaign kickoff, many Americans Jeffrey Pfeffer’s explanation. “Decades of research prove that thought the business mogul would be a sideshow in the charisma has more to do with a person’s demeanor than what campaign that has presidential race. Now, many have recognized the Republican he or she is saying,” supporting the idea that Trump’s success transformed Twitter candidate as the main attraction. His confidence and outspoken comes from his presentation. opinions that have earned him plenty of media attention and Human nature and several decades of research confirm into a launch pad criticism could be the very thing continuing to drive up his poll what could be a common theme within Trump’s campaign. for the Republican rankings and support. The desire for simplicity and answers is a major factor in The multi-billionaire started hisTRUMP business career as a young everything we do, especially while watching a political debate candidate. adult by his father’s side in real estate. His family business soon as candidates are hammered with questions. Trump’s approach led young Trump to major real estate success when he moved to radiates simplicity. His blunt answers make it seem obvious, as Whether the personally victimized address Manhattan. He has since then owned, renovated and sold many if the problem could be solved easily but nobody has bothered the jabs or step back and take it, Trump’s twitter major establishments, including the Jacob Javits Convention to think about it. account reaches 6.7 million users alone, along Center, Grand Central Terminal, Grand Hyatt Hotel, the Plaza Though his proposals have caused a lot of backlash, they with the retweets and favorites those followers Hotel, the Ritz Carlton on Central Park South, the land under remain direct. When asked what to do about immigration, add to their own twitter pages, allowing even the Empire State Building and the NikeTown store. Trump says build a wall. When asked about solving terrorism, more users to see the candidates strategic use Trump’s name is also paired with some of the most notable he says, “begin the mass deportations.” When asked his opinion of social media. addresses in New York: his world-renowned Fifth Avenue about Muslim controversy, he says, “shut down mosques.” skyscraper, Trump Tower; Trump Palace; Trump Plaza, 610 While some interpret his answers as offensive, recent events Park Avenue; The Trump World Tower (the tallest building on have only fueled his ardor. His recent comment about Muslim the East Side of Manhattan); and Trump Park Avenue. deportation was widely criticized, but the San Bernardino Just as campaign consultants Trump has now expanded his career from real estate—to shooting, whose attackers happened to be Muslim, has been a have their conversion numbers for reality TV, clothing and fragrance lines and writing books—but major supporting factor in his argument to ban Muslims from “ the number of door knocks, yard his next objective is even more ambitious. Nothing prepared entering the U.S. signs, handshakes and baby kisses to America for his White House bid. His social media accounts have also been a major component secure one vote, there is a number for Since his official campaign announcement, Trump’s election in his strategy. With 6.7 million twitter followers, more than social media touches to one vote. prediction has been dismissed by the New York Times because any other candidate, Trump has used his tweets to slam other it “points to historical trends that always show ‘outsiders’ doing Republican candidates, continuously calling Ted Cruz “a liar well early in the process, only to underperform when voters and a cheater” and Jeb Bush “a light weight and a cry baby” to take their responsibilities more seriously.” But, as Trump’s sway voters. – Digital political analyst, ” polls continue to climb past his predicted success, many have Above all, his campaign has caused a major drive in the Alan Rosenblatt turned their doubt into disbelief. media since he entered the race, which in 2016 could be the most Trump has been a front runner for over four months now influential factor for voters. His recent decision to not attend as he continues to win primaries and caucuses. His high the Iowa GOP debate and instead hold his own event may have numbers have been explained by several politicians, scientists helped him more than it hurt him. He filled an auditorium and psychologists—all attempting to break down the reasons with more than 700 people and an army of press to cover his behind the Trump infatuation and his unexpected success. rebellious moves. The National Review blames timing. “Trump happened to Donald Trump has attracted far more coverage than his rivals arrive at a moment of palpable Republican disgust with the as he drives the debates and pushes the limit of “appropriate” Republican party” and thus has been a relief from the common comments as he explains in a question posed to him in a GOP politician and has major appeal to the skeptical voters. debate asking about his lack of a “politicians filter” and as he The Penn State psychology department explains his support sees it, “The big problem this country has is being politically through his reliability “to state what is on his mind at any correct. I’ve been challenged by so many people and I don’t given moment with very little or no empathy at all to how it frankly have time for total political correctness. And to be will be comprehended.” This unparalleled candor makes honest with you, this country doesn’t have time either. This Trump a popular candidate for those voters fed up with the country is in big trouble.” careful, reputation-conscious politicians. As the saying goes, “there’s no such thing as bad publicity” Some would identify Trump through his frank mannerisms and Trump has proven this to be true as journalists continue to and confidence throughout his campaign rather than his crave more Trump coverage, and that’s just what he wants.

Combination of Latest Major Polls Trump Sums It up

50%

40% Trump VS.

30% Donald Trump was confronted by Fox News Carson moderator Megyn Kelly during the first Republican presidential debate when she accused him of being 20% Cruz insensitive and sexist:

“You’ve called women you don’t like, ‘fat pigs,’ Rubio 10% ‘dogs,’ slobs and disgusting animals. Your Twitter account has several disparaging comments about Kasich women’s looks. You once told a contestant on ‘Celebrity Apprentice’ it would be a pretty picture to May see her on her knees. Does that sound to you like the Feb. Mar. Apr. June July Aug. Sept.Oct. Nov.Dec. Jan. Feb. March temperament of a man we should elect?” 2015 2016

Polls according to HUFFPOST at elections.huffingtonpost. The big problem this country has is being politically correct. I’ve been Trump endorsements “ challenged by so many people and I don’t frankly have time for total political Sarah Palin January 19, 2016 correctness. And to be honest with you, “You’re putting relationships on the line for this country because this country doesn’t have time either. you’re willing to make America great again. I am here because like This country is in big trouble. And you, I know it’s now or never. I am proud to endorse Donald J. frankly, what I say—and often times it’s Trump for President of the United States of America.” fun, it’s kidding, we have a good time— what I say is what I say. Chris Christie February 26, 2016 “I’ve been on that stage, I’ve gotten to know all the people on that stage. And there is no one better prepared to provide America – Donald Trump with the strong leadership that it needs both at home and around the world than Donald Trump.” Later in the primary race, Trump decided to” skip the Iowa debate moderated by Fox News in favor of Ben Carson March 11, 2016 a veterans event. “Fox can’t toy with me like they toy “I’ve come to know Donald Trump over the last few years. He’s with everybody else. Let them have the debate. Lets actually a very intelligent man who cares deeply about America. see how they do with the ratings.” There are two different Donald Trumps: There’s the one you see on the stage, and there’s one who’s very cerebral.” Photos courtesy commons.wikimedia.org/creativecommons. THE PINNACLE • SUMMIT HIGH SCHOOL FEATURES C7 Across the Atlantic Refugees cross the world for a better life

Emma Huntsman Features Editor

War has wreaked havoc throughout this world. Abdirizak Mursal was born in Mogadishu, Somalia, and start his first semester of college at an all-Muslim Millions of innocent men, women and children have the third child of a culturally typical African family of school. However, at the end of first semester, the family fallen victim to atrocity, as armed conflict has no mercy. 10 children and two parents. However, his childhood in was given news that their application to the United Whether it be death or displacement, families grieve Somalia did not last long as, at the young age of two, he States had been accepted. It was bittersweet for him as 10 in the pain of loved ones lost or separated. Those that and his family were forced across the Red Sea with the years in Egypt made it difficult to leave; the move forced are left are more likely than not to be forced from their start of civil war. Despite beginning in 1991, the nation is him to leave behind his friends and a girlfriend homes and leave their previous lives that have turned, still engaged in combat and conflict. he planned to marry, but he knew that metaphorically and often physically, to ruins. At the The family settled in nearby Saudi Arabia, where this was ultimately best for the family. end of 2014, according to the United Nations High they lived through discrimination for With the help of Catholic Charities, Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), eight long a nonprofit organization that is there was an estimated 14.4 centered around aiding those in need million refugees worldwide, and advocating social justice, Mursal, with an overwhelming his five sisters, four brothers and amount of them being both of his parents made their way from North and East to Portland, Ore. Mursal remembers Africa and the Middle arriving in the U.S., April 14, 2014, at East. Turkey and Pakistan 10:00 p.m., a very memorable moment for ranked as the top two him. Among the multitudes of helpful countries to provide information given to newly arriving asylum, hosting refugees, they were told that the first approximately 1.5 year would be difficult, and this million of those proved to be true. in need each; Unlike most of his younger Western nations siblings, initial resettlement did not rank among the proved top 10. to be a Despite a multitude of resources challenge for and a greater capacity to help, Western Mursal, but, after nations, particularly the United States, a long six months, hold a very strict quota on the annual his optimism grew. admittance of refugees. Every fiscal With fair English—Mursal is year, the president of the United States self taught, all with the help of holds a meeting with Congress and a pocket dictionary—he was determines a ceiling amount of refugees able to begin working once that are to be accepted. From 2009 to he received his green card, 2012, the number of potential acceptance something that helped ease the was set at approximately 85,000—quite transition dramatically. Due a low number in comparison to other to prior exposure to American nations, such as Jordan, a nation that culture through orientation classes, could fit within the state of Oregon. With a designed specifically for refugees, population that is around two percent that and American television shows, the of the United States, Jordan opened societal norms of the U.S. were not its borders up to almost nine times surprising. However, one major source more refugees. And despite the U.S. of shock for Mursal was homosexuals, quota being relatively small, it was as it is not something openly expressed or not met any of those four years. In tolerated in Islamic culture. Eventually, seeing 2013, the ceiling was reduced to same sex couples became normal for him and 70,000, and it’s capacity was met something he continually shares with new refugees, annually. In light of more public in hopes of being respectful of the LGBT community. awareness regarding the horrors Nearing his sixth year in the U.S., Mursal continues to of combat, particularly in Syria, the years. pursue his dream of becoming a police officer, inspired proposed ceiling for 2016 has been reset to Notorious for by a ride-along with the Portland Police and the passion 85,000, an increase that can be life changing for those being a nation that is intolerant of those they have when it comes to helping others. After being extra 15,000 refugees. that are not both native born and Muslim, rejected several times by numerous city departments This incredibly restricted amount creates an Mursal recalls it as a place that “wasn’t along the West Coast and parts of the Midwest, Mursal acceptance rate that nears one percent, a disheartening safe at all.” Even law enforcement could not kept hope and is now in the final stage of application number for those searching for a brighter future. be trusted; family members were often arrested with the Washington County Sheriff Department. By Becoming a part of this small percent is a long, tedious for invalid reasons and, at the age of nine, Mursal was becoming an officer, he wishes to help the African process, with considerable amounts of background randomly stopped in the street and assaulted by a police community by being a representative of both sides and to screening, interviews and security clearances required. officer, giving him a black eye with a single slap across aid in creating an understanding of the law for those that This process can take upwards of two years. If, by the face. This brutality and lack of safety still bothers him have recently arrived. Sharing his story of persistence chance, the individual or family is admitted, the Refugee today. However, at age 11, he and his family made their has inspired others to stay hopeful and make the most of Processing Center (RPC) works with private volunteer way to Egypt, a place they now think of fondly. their opportunities in the United States. agencies to determine a location for resettlement. All “It felt like home” says Mursal. The family adjusted Mursal and his family are among the few to be allowed efforts are made to place refugees in a location near easily to the new environment, creating bonds with to come to a country with ample resources and upward relatives, if they happen to have any in the country at others and feeling accepted by the community. In mobility—the few of the 14.4 million in need. The global the time. This resettlement can serve as a door to new Mursal’s eyes, Egypt was not only a safe haven, but refugee crisis is a predicament that seems to hold no opportunity as well as hardships, as it was for a young a place of equal opportunity. Through government likely solutions, but one that can be helped immensely Somali man and his family. funded programs, he was able to continue his education through activism.

Art and inforgraphic by emma huntsman C8 FEATURES FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2016

REY CHEWBACCA HAN SOLO Art by Collin Orton

With new director J.J. Abrams filling the shoes of predecessor George Lucas for the furthering of a modern classic, Star Wars, “The Force Awakens” delivers a modern storyline with new characters Rey, Finn and BB-8 juxtaposed with old characters Han Solo, Chewbacca and Leia. The blending of timeless elements previously established A NEW FORCE by Lucas with newer approaches, such as a strong female lead, unique character development and technological advancements in the world of movie editing paved the way for a smashing success for the first movie in the new trilogy. Such changes provide a fresh take on the series while still maintaining creative integrity and AWAKENS cohesive plot development from the prior six movies. ANniston Ward Staff Writer technology and deliberate directing from Lucas, Star One of the many things done right by the new trilogy Wars rapidly gain popularity across the nation, and left is its ability to incorporate nods to the original series, viewers hungry for more. while maintaining new direction and focus. And while Ten years later, viewers geared up for the return of the the first movies were just as highly praised as the newest series with the release of “The Force Awakens.” addition, the series ultimately faced issues that not only “It was a long 10 years waiting for Star Wars, and almost prevented the franchise from starting, but also it was upsetting that ‘The Force Awakens’ ended in a gave it the design style seen in the newest member of the cliffhanger—however, I was thrilled with the production Star Wars family. of a new Star Wars after all these years,” said Wadsworth. Filming the first Star Wars, “A New Hope” in 1976 Abrams, a rookie to the Star Wars crew, took the place was challenging for writer and director George Lucas to of Lucas as co-writer and director. From complications first get off the ground. with leaked photos and plot details, Abrams kept people Looking to fill a void in Hollywood for fantasy skeptical about what the new movie had in store. movies, Lucas set out to create a tale centered around Abrams attempted to incorporate classic aspects the importance of friendship but without any of the from the original movies, such as the resurrection classic gore and violence that typically followed fantasy of the Millennium Falcon and the return of beloved movies. After getting rejected from two major studios, characters such as Han Solo, Chewbacca, Princess Leia, United Artists and Universal, Lucas forged ahead with MAZ KANATA R2-D2 and C3PO. Such nods to the older movies were his idea and ultimately landed a production deal with complemented by the addition of new characters: Rey, Fox, settling for a smaller budget. Thousand year old Maz Kanata is considered a space Kylo Ren, Finn and BB-8. While fans debated if Abrams The small budget paved the way for what ultimately pirate who lives in a castle on planet Takodana. Maz was incorporated too much from the prior trilogies, Abrams gave Star Wars its simple, timeless costuming and created by director J.J. Abrams and even though she’s not ultimately knew “The Force Awakens” would forever be quintessential graphics. a Jedi, Maz allegedly knows the ways of the force. 32-year- remembered due to its unique qualities and quirks. “The original movies were as good as they possibly old Lupita Nyong’o acts and voices the character. Maz, “‘The Force Awakens’ does a great job of incorporating could have been at the time when they were produced, exemplifies J.J. Abrams’ high school English teacher, Rose the old characters with the new characters,” said senior which was very impressive, and now, with the new Brodie Mead. “Although it’s very unique from the graphics and images, ‘The Force Awakens’ hit it out of Gilbert. She represents Rose by being an old, wise figure original movies, it still has that standard Star Wars feel.” the park,” said senior Kaden Wadsworth. who wants what’s best for society. In only one night, “The Force Awakens” collected Lucas had a goal of ensuring the characters and their a total of $57 million and has grossed more than $1.94 outfits made a statement. Those affiliated with the dark billion. Throughout the production of Star Wars, the side, like Darth Vader and Kylo Ren, were to wear movies have a total box office earnings of more than primarily black and gray colors. Those characters on four billion dollars. Not even a month after The Force the light side were to wear more earth toned colors; for Awakens was released, the movie topped Avatar example, Han Solo, Rey and Luke Skywalker. to become the number one film of all time in North Lucas also wanted to juxtapose the colors that America. Since Star Wars quickly rose to fame and rang characters wear to demonstrate a battle of nature versus in billions of dollars, the phenomenon has been dubbed technology. This juxtaposition has been maintained in the “Galactic Economy.” Abrams’ approach in the new series. A potential cause of such widespread success of the Many of the characters in Star Wars exemplify reestablishment of a new trilogy is the heavy influence abnormal creatures, which adds to the futuristic feel of social media and other technologies had on its popularity. the movies. With more than hundred creatures featured Since “The Force Awakens” was produced in an age in Star Wars, the creativity and oddity of these characters of worldwide social media, people loved the new Star are what set apart this film from others and make it so Wars film before it even came out. Prior to the movie, widely popular. the Star Wars movie page on Facebook gave users As filmmakers became more comfortable with the option to add lightsabers to their profile pictures. animation technology, advances were made in the YouTube released a trailer which teased viewers for the movie. Even the iconic lightsaber took years of perfecting production of “The Force Awakens,” featuring limited to create realistic looking scenes. Early on in production, BB-8 scenes to keep people curious for the upcoming movie. the bottom of the weapon was just the flash attachment “Without YouTube showing ‘The Force Awakens’ to a four-by-five camera. The sword apparatus was a J.J. Abrams first started the creation of BB-8 by a drawing trailer, it would have not brought in as many fans since rotating pole covered with movie screen material to on a napkin. Later, designer Christian Alzmann, along with our generation is so involved with following social reflect light. Later, the reflective tape was removed and other designers ,spent half a day building a polystyrene media,” said Mead. just the sword-like shaft remained so the crew could add puppet, beginning with simple head and body movements. The recreation of an old classic meant lofty fan and in effects to the lightsaber after they finished shooting BB-8 was remote controlled in filming with no further critic expectations for Abrams, but by capturing the spirit the film. movements being added. During “The Force Awakens,” of the original movies and blending it with a modern In 2005, the last episode of Star Wars, “Revenge of approach, Abrams ultimately succeeded in filling Lucas’ the Sith,” was debuted and left fans believing it was BB-8 obtained part of the map that led the light force to large shoes and making it truly a new awakening for the the conclusion to the series. With innovative movie hidden Luke Skywalker. fantasy series.

DARTH VADER KYLO-REN