Metropolitan Governance in Europe: Stuttgart Region: Organization, Policies and Challenges

Metropolitan Governance in Europe: Stuttgart Region: Organization, policies and challenges

Thomas Kiwitt, Director Planning Baechle © VRS Werner

www.region-stuttgart.org Stuttgart Region – in the heart of Europe

» Population 2.8 M

» Area 3 600 sqkm

» GDP 145 Billion € Economy: Global players + hidden champions

» Many family-owned companies – but serving global markets

» Strong focus: Automotive, Engineering (34% + 28% of employees)

» Highly innovative Landscape, soil + agriculture

» Landscape as USP: Vinyard, orchards

» Excellent quality of soil

» Agriculture as important part of regional idendity Local administration » 179 Municipalities » Each with strong home rule » Mayors as “CEO” + Leader of Councils directly elected » But: 2/3 less than 10.000 inhabitants » Small units – huge challenges » “Regional lifestyle” 75% do not work in town of residence » Strong interdependency © VRS 2013 between companies / supply chains » Sustainability / Competitiveness? » Overall coordination crucial Governance

Folie 5 Standard tasks of regional tier: Planning only

Binding guidelines Land for local land use planning Region

Counties Approval Municipalities by counties

» Standard model: only comprehensive planning on regional level

» Land use planning on local level – within (mandatory) regional framework

» Regional developments concepts / cooperation (informal)

» Small budget, weak political impact Shifting competences: Strengthening Regional tier

Regional Transport Land Regional Transport Regional Marketing Mandatory Region Regional Planning

Counties (Regional) Economic Municipalities Development » Crisis in early 1990s: need for change – local industry / chamber of commerce

» “Great coalition” in federal state parliament - Majority for shifting competences

» Strengthening regional tire: Economic development, marketing, public transport, green infrastructure – budget for investment

» Regional assembly for political steering – directly elected Statutory region + political entity

» Directly elected regional assembly - strong democratic mandate

» Campaigning for regional issues = political agenda (e.g. programmatic of political parties)

» Region as significant level of political operation + investment

» Consensus based approach is first priority but final majority decision as an option to avoid gridlock

» Transparent procedures – strong public involvement - Media coverage Competences

Folie 9 Stuttgart Region: Competences

» Mandatory comprehensive planning on regional level

» Public transport

» Open space development

» Economic development

» Marketing and tourism

» Supporting municipalities

» Networking, research / pilot project Regional plan: Guidelines to sustainable development

» (Long term) perspective for spatial development

» Transparent procedure, intensive information and consultation

» Public outreach and information / Participation of general public, NGO‘s …

» Mandatory for Land use planning and building permits

» Clear priorities / strict enforcement

» Reliable base for Municipalities and private investors

Land use planning, development by municipalities Transit-oriented development

» Transit oriented development

» Co-ordination of residential, industrial areas and transport

» Lower density in places without access to metro / railway

© Verband Region Stuttgart 2016; © INOVAPLAN GmbH und KIT – Institut für Verkehrswesen, 2013 7:30 » Climate protection, accessibility, efficiency of infrastructure Places for jobs: Regional industrial areas

» Specific demands for spatial development (e.g. Size, access, emissions…)

» New products, new technologies, new facilities for R&D and production

» Protection of suitable sites - Environmental impact assessment

» 45 dedicated areas Affordable housing: Future residential areas

» Immigration

» Growing demand for (affordable) housing

» Demand for housing exceeds supply

» 41 dedicated areas: - easy access to public transport - suitable for dense development

» Zoning, development > Municipalities Attractive city centres

» Attractive / easy accessibly “down town” areas with shopping / culture

» Special regulations for large scale retail facilities (+ 800 sqm): > Typical „city centre“ assortment of good only in dedicated central areas

» No greenfield “big box” development Mandatory protection of open spaces

» Small scale to protect „gaps“ between settlements

» Large scale to protect open spaces – for different reasons

» In general: no zoning, no permits allowed

» Only few exceptions Development: Serving needs – prevent sprawl

Region Stuttgart

» Real estate market under pressure – very high prices / rents

» Additional housing important – but protection of open spaces

» Priority on brown field development, regulations on minimum density

» Good examples for affordable housing, “IBA” to promote innovative solutions Sites for renewables

» Comprehensive strategy on reduction of CO2-emisson and adaptation to climate change

» Approx. 40 sites for wind turbines

» Specific regulations for PV, Biomass

» Additional studies on potential of renewables Infrastructure for Mobility

» 267 km Tracks / 77 Stations - 340.000 PAX/ d - 101,7 Mio. / annual.

» 46 Trains / 9 Mio. km - Reliable, safe, comfortable

» Nighttime service on weekends - all mayor cities integrated

» Backbone of sustainable regional development

» Defines “catchment area”, supports identification and cohesion

» P& R facilities, traffic control Providing ideas and €: Open space development

Foto: Gottfried Stoppel

» Green infrastructure (ecology, recreation,) crucial for competitiveness

» Master plan for dedicated areas + 1.5 m € / a 46

» Triggering third party funds Pilot program for sustainable mobility

» Stuttgart as example for energy efficiency, innovative mobility, R&D, pilot projects

» 15 m. € program to improve sustainable transport; e.g. - Car-pools / car -Sharing - E-Mobility / Charging infrastructure / driver less vehicles - Joint Bike / Bus – concepts / Rental bikes / “pedelecs” - easier payment for public transport / “smart cards”

» Acquisition of additional funding from EU/ federal / state level Economic development: Competence centers

Satellitenkommunikation (Backnang)

Energiekompetenz & Ökodesign Logistik (Ludwigsburg) (Kornwestheim) Verpackungs- und Automatisierungstechnik (Waiblingen)

Vaihingen/Enz Backnang Brennstoffzelle Kreis Ludwigsburg (Stuttgart) Ludwigsburg Rems-Murr-Kreis Virtual Engineering Kornwestheim (Fellbach)

Waiblingen Fellbach Landeshaupt- Leonberg stadt Stuttgart Esslingen

Sindelfingen Leinfelden- Göppingen Böblingen Echterdingen Denkendorf Industrielle Bauteil- u. Kreis Göppingen Mechatronik Oberflächenreinigung Kreis Böblingen (Göppingen) (Leonberg)

Software und IT (Böblingen/Sindel- Telematik, fingen) Mobile Computing, Technische Textilien Customer Care (Denkendorf) (Stuttgart) Umwelttechnologie (Stuttgart) » Networks in many sectors: e.g. automotive, fuel cell, logistics, communication

» Exchange, transfer, bringing players together – generate regional ties Better together: Support municipalities for regional development

» Data base for policy consultancy and participation local development – but with regional perspective

» Providing hardware: Metro, mobility, open spaces…

» Trigger innovation: Research, pilot project, input…

» Facilitate cooperation

» Marketing / economic development: international fairs for tourism; real estate Networking + Co-operation

» Exchange, dialogue crucical » Active networks / partnerships an transatlantic, european and national level » Regular meetings on working and political level » Common activities / Lobbying for metropolitan issues » Important base for research / pilot projects / third party funding

Folie 24 COVID 19: Challenge, game changer, catalyst » Many open questions » Economic down turn, small budgets » Outcomes for housing, infrastructure, city centers? » Change in behavior? Shopping, Culture, transport… » Relevance of „green infrastructure“ during lock down and „staycation“ First responses: » Ongoing improvement of public transport » Improvement of fiber infrastructure (Gigabit – Region) » Sites for innovation / industrial development » Improvement of Green Infrastructure » Projects on resiliency » Further support for municipalities Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit © VRS Martin Wiemann