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The Final Campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year The final campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945 Karl James University of Wollongong James, Karl, The final campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945, PhD thesis, School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2005. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/467 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/467 The Final Campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy from University of Wollongong by Karl James, BA (Hons) School of History and Politics 2005 i CERTIFICATION I, Karl James, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, is wholly my work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Karl James 20 July 2005 ii Table of Contents Maps, List of Illustrations iv Abbreviations vi Conversion viii Abstract ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 ‘We have got to play our part in it’. Australia’s land war until 1944. 15 2 ‘History written is history preserved’. History’s treatment of the Final Campaigns. 30 3 ‘Once the soldier had gone to war he looked for leadership’. The men of the II Australian Corps. 51 4 ‘Away to the north of Queensland, On the tropic shores of hell, Stand grimfaced men who watch and wait, For a future none can tell’. The campaign takes shape: Torokina and the Outer Islands. -
30,2 (3371H) A5 RARE 33711I FITZ) Tolivilu.Ariiii Rafrx)'1 1XR, 6
uA 30,2 (3371H) A5 RARE 33711i FITZ) tolivilu.ariiii rafrx)'1 1XR, 6. a, 19:4.4 c,ied ,V,2Y ,44.: 4 44.), 4/4/ School Flew Owanona Fott StIk Av Q RECLASSIFIED TO SIL-7-•1-RigTE.D BY AVi AGF '46) GN0B1 Or Hci (DG)(28 Dec 330 011411 DATE .17/7 (b ALUM 9,31 • A " n 4 • HSANUARTAS 337TH FULD BATTALIOX Ou 88 UNIT&D GNUS AWAY 1 uctober 1944 5UBJ4T: Unit History of the 337th F. A. Bn. for Uonth of Septamber. to ciaumanding Gdnertil, 138th Infantry Division, A:),) 88, U Army. The first dAy of 3eptember 1944 found the J37th field Artillery Battalion in position on the south brink of the Arno Rivtlr near Soandicci, /tall. The batuklion WAS firing mostly narrassing fires and was in Support of the 442nd Infantry. On September 2nd, six months to the day after the 337th crossed the 0,424wriaiAno River and entered combat in the Italian aa4paign, the 337th crossed the Arno River before the Gothic Line and went into position near peretola which is on the westorn edge of Florence (Firenze) The battalion crossed the river at a ford near the West bridge entering the city. The bridge had blen blown by the enemy. The 349th relieved. the 442nd infantry, and the .337th went in direct support of the 349th. The battalion sent out two forward observers, Lt Yemen and S/Sgt Ryser to ',ark with Wm, 91st flacon. on september 3rd. 'Our Irasilian officers arrived at the OP to observe operations of the 337th. -
Frontline Volume 8 Issue 4
A DEFENCE SERVICE JOURNAL OFFICIAL JOURNAL CONTENTS 1ST/19TH BATTALION Vales..….……………….……………………………….…………………2 From the President… ..…..…………………….………….…………..…3-4 Coming Events, Association Patrons & Office Bearers.…….…..…….5 THE ROYAL NEW Sick Report & Congratulations.….……………………………………….6 Donations, New Members.……...………….……………………………...7 SOUTH WALES Bathurst Freedom of City Parade……………………………………….7 Seen Around the Traps...…………………….……………………..……8 REGIMENT Unveiling of Memorial Plaque to 45 Battalion AIF……………………..9 Unveiling of MAJGEN Paul Cullen’s portrait.…………………………..9 Meet & Greet AGM Orange…………….…………………………..10-11 ASSOCIATION & Wreathlaying Commemoration Romani Barracks…………………...12 Reunion Dinner AGM Orange………………………………………13-15 2ND/19TH BATTALION Minutes of AGM Orange.……………………………………………16-21 History of UNSWR - Book Launch & Order Form…..………………..22 A.I.F. ASSOCIATION. Visit to Rifle Coy Butterworth Deployment……………………………23 RNSWR WO/SCO Dinner Singleton…………………………………..23 Book Review - John Donovan.…,,,…………………………………..24-25 MEMBERS OF THE The Tocchini Tales–Reminiscences of a Halifax Bomber Pilot…26-27 Bill Lowcock’s Story………………………………………………….28-29 AUSTRALIAN Nor All Thy Tears – Herb McNamara…….…………………………30-31 Down Memory Lane……………………………………………………..32 DEFENCE FORCES COPYRIGHT © Material in FRONTLINE is protected under the Commonwealth Copyright Act 1968. No material may be reproduced in part or in whole without written consent from the RESERVES copyright holders. DISCLAIMER All articles in the Journal are printed on the understanding that unless stated, they are the original work of the contributors or the authors and are not necessarily those of the Editorial Staff or of the Publisher. Editorial and advertising material will be accepted for publication on the condition that it does not defame any person. Editorial Staff accept no responsibility for accuracy of material submitted for publication but every effort will be made to verify information. -
Front Matter
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01732-0 - The Hard Slog: Australians in the Bougainville Campaign, 1944–45 Karl James Frontmatter More information The Hard Slog Australians in the Bougainville campaign, 1944–45 The island of Bougainville in the South Pacific was the site of one of the largest and most gruelling campaigns fought by Australian forces during the Second World War. During the offensive against the Japanese from November 1944 to August 1945, more than 500 Australians were killed and two Victoria Crosses were awarded. A veteran later described Bougainville as ‘one long bloody hard slog’. Despite this, little is known about the campaign, which was dismissed as an unnecessary and costly operation. In the first major study of the Bougainville campaign since publication of the official history in 1963, Karl James argues that it was in fact a justifiable use of Australia’s military resources. He draws on original archival research, including wartime reports and soldiers’ letters and diaries, to illustrate the experience of Australian soldiers who fought in the campaign. James shows that it fulfilled the Australian Government’s long-standing plans for victory in the Second World War. Generously illustrated with more than forty photographs, this important book tells the story of a campaign often overlooked or ignored in Australia’s military history. Karl James is Senior Historian in the Military History Section at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University