Clayton County, Iowa Multi-Jurisdiction Multi-Hazard

2016

Clayton County, Iowa Multi‐Jurisdiction Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan Clayton | Elkader | Elkport | Farmersburg | Garber

Osterdock | Strawberry Point St. Olaf | Volga | Unincorporated Areas

Professional Planning Assistance provided by the East Central Intergovernmental Association (ECIA)

Acknowledgements

County Supervisors: Gary Bowden, Chairman Larry Gibbs, Vice‐Chairman Ron McCartney City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City of Clayton City of Elkader City of Elkport City of Farmersburg David Hart, Mayor Josh Pope, Mayor Roger Bolsinger, Mayor Glen Radloff, Mayor JoAnn Creery Roger Buchholz Dianne Bolsinger Beau Bennett Brad Johnson Peggy Lane Dianna Hansel Margaret Corlett Timothy Brandel Kevin Lau Rodney Ingles Herb Morley Dixie Connell Daryl Koehn City Clerk Ron Dennler Darryl Noble Curtis Ruhser Jill Herman Travis Torkelson City Clerk: City Administrator/Clerk City Clerk: Paula Johnson Jennifer Cowsert Heidi Feurhelm

City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City of Garber City of Garnavillo City of Guttenberg City of Luana Nioka Schroeder, Mayor Mark Priebe, Mayor Russell Loven, Mayor Jerry Schroeder, Mayor Hermie Schroeder Bonnie Dietrich Steve Friedlein Lonnie Baade Lyle Schroeder Bob Bodish Virginia Saeugling Brenda Boddicker Leroy Dugan Lyndon Meyer Fred Schaub Paul Miller Ed VanLennep James Downey Jane Parker Todd Olson Elizabeth Jaster Lanny Kuehl Austin Greve Jackie Radloff Schneider City Clerk: City Clerk: City Clerk: City Clerk Penny Ingles Elizabeth Jaster Mary Willett Tammy Humble City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City of Marquette City of McGregor City of Monona City of North Buena Vista Larry Breuer, Mayor Harold Brooks, Mayor Barbara Collins, Mayor Robert Ludovissy, Mayor John Ries Janet Hallberg John Elledge David Breitbach Cindy Sharp Halvorson Jason Echard Jason Schubert Lacey Ludovissy Pamela Brodie‐Fitzgerald Charlie Carroll Daniel Havlicek James Gordon Eleanor Soulli Rogeta Halvorson Randee Blietz Diane Ludovissy City Clerk Joseph Muehlbauer Andrew Meyer Donald Riniker Denise Schneider City Clerk: City Clerk: City Clerk Lynette Sander Dan Canton Carrie Honkomp

City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City Council and Mayor City of Osterdock City of St. Olaf City of Strawberry Point City of Volga Chad Freeman, Mayor Adam Meyer, Mayor Jeffrey Bente, Mayor Pete Duff., Mayor Brad Miller Darwin Frana Travis Kruger Dennis Christeleit Ronald Meyer Duane Bouska Wally Rowcliffe Dave Armoto Robert Petsche Frank Kelly Megan Hansel Elaine Follon Dennis Sargent Heidi Glawe Duane Johnson Jerome Godoson City Clerk: Shannon Scherf Hannah Evans Carrie Taylor Amy Vonderhaar City Clerk: City Clerk: City Clerk: Joy Meyer Liz Jaster Kristin Klingman

Clayton County Emergency Management Commission Clayton‐ David Hart Monona‐ Barbara Collins Elkader‐ Josh Pope North Buena Vista‐ Lacey Ludovissy Elkport‐ Roger Bolsinger Osterdock‐ Chad Freeman Farmersburg‐ Glenn Radloff Postville‐ Leigh Rekow Garber‐ Nioka Schroeder St. Olaf‐ Adam Meyer Garnavillo‐ Mark Priebe Strawberry Point‐ Jeff Bente Guttenberg‐ Russ Loven Volga‐ Pete Duff Luana‐ Jerry Schroeder Board of Supervisors‐ Gary Bowden Marquette‐ Jerry Thornton Sheriff’s Office‐ Sheriff Mike Tschirgi McGregor‐ Harold Brooks School Districts Central Community Clayton Ridge Community MFL MarMac School District School District School District Dale Crozier, Nick Trenkamp, Shane Wahls, Superintendent Superintendent Superintendent 700 South Page Street 400 S. 1st Street PO Box 550 PO Box 1040 Elkader, Iowa Guttenberg, Iowa Monona, Iowa 52043 52052 52159

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements ...... i Table of Contents ...... iii Table of Figures and Tables ...... vi Cross Reference for Plan Review Tool ...... ix Planning Process ...... ix Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ...... ix Mitigation Strategy ...... ix Plan Review, Evaluation and Implementation ...... x Plan Adoption ...... x Introduction and Planning Process ...... 1 What is hazard mitigation? ...... 1 Why do we plan? ...... 1 Key Steps in the Planning Process ...... 2 Participants ...... 2 Local Planning Process ...... 7 Planning Area Profile and Capabilities ...... 10 Overview ...... 10 Mitigation Activities ...... 14 Mitigation Actions to Pursue ...... 14 Geography and Environment ...... 15 Location ...... 15 Land Cover and Use ...... 16 Elevation ...... 18 Rivers, Streams and Lakes ...... 18 Ponds and Wetlands ...... 20 Surface Water Systems & Watershed ...... 20 Turkey River Watershed Management Authority ...... 21 Climate and Weather ...... 22 Population and Households ...... 23 Population ...... 23 Households ...... 24 Housing ...... 25 Public and Private Infrastructure ...... 27 Highways and Roads ...... 27 Trails ...... 28 Parks ...... 28 Railway ...... 30 Airports ...... 31 Utilities and Pipelines ...... 31 Water and Water Treatment ...... 33 Wastewater Treatment ...... 33 Emergency Services ...... 33 Communications...... 33 Care County Resource Guide...... 34

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Economy ...... 34 Agriculture ...... 35 Labor Force ...... 36 Income ...... 37 Brief History ...... 38 Jurisdictional Descriptions and Capabilities ...... 39 City of Clayton ...... 39 City of Elkader ...... 43 City of Elkport ...... 48 City of Farmersburg ...... 52 City of Garber ...... 55 City of Garnavillo ...... 59 City of Guttenberg ...... 63 City of Luana ...... 70 City of Marquette ...... 76 City of McGregor ...... 82 City of Monona ...... 90 City of North Buena Vista ...... 96 City of Osterdock ...... 99 City of St. Olaf ...... 102 City of Strawberry Point ...... 106 City of Volga ...... 111 Risk Assessment ...... 117 Multi‐Jurisdictional Risk Assessment ...... 117 Hazard Identification ...... 117 Selection Process ...... 117 Disaster Declaration History ...... 120 Hazard Profiles ...... 122 Hazard Description ...... 122 Geographic Location...... 122 Previous Occurrences ...... 123 Probability of Future Occurrence ...... 123 Magnitude ...... 123 Warning Time ...... 123 Duration ...... 123 Spatial Extent ...... 123 Hazard Summary ...... 123 Hazard Information ...... 125 Animal/Plant/Crop Disease ...... 125 Dam Failure ...... 127 Drought...... 129 Earthquake ...... 132 Extreme Heat ...... 137 Flash Flood ...... 141 Grass and Wild Land Fire ...... 143 Hailstorm ...... 144 Hazardous Materials ...... 148 Human Disease ...... 150 Infrastructure Failure ...... 152

Landslide ...... 154 Levee Failure ...... 156 Radiological ...... 158 River Flood ...... 160 Severe Winter Storm ...... 163 Sinkholes ...... 169 Terrorism ...... 171 Thunderstorm and Lightning ...... 173 Tornado ...... 176 Transportation Incident...... 181 Hazard Profiles Summary ...... 188 Vulnerability Assessment ...... 188 Methodology ...... 189 Community Assets ...... 189 Vulnerability by Hazard ...... 192 School Districts ...... 193 Summary of Key Issues ...... 200 Mitigation Strategy ...... 204 Goals ...... 204 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions ...... 204 Implementation of Mitigation Actions ...... 207 High Priority Actions ...... 211 Medium Priority Actions ...... 221 Improvements to transportation and safety response ...... 223 Develop city codes to address issues ...... 224 Low Priority Actions ...... 224 Acquire and demolish damaged structures ...... 224 Monitor potential landslide areas ...... 224 Plan Maintenance Process ...... 225 Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan ...... 225 Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee ...... 225 Plan Maintenance Schedule ...... 225 Plan Maintenance Process ...... 226 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms ...... 227 Continued Public Involvement ...... 227

Appendix Information Appendix A – Clayton County Community Resource Guide Appendix B – Jurisdictional Resolutions Clayton County Board of Supervisors City of Clayton CCHMP Resolution City of Clayton City of Elkader City of Elkport City of Farmersburg City of Garber City of Garnavillo City of Guttenberg City of Luana

City of Marquette City of McGregor City of Monona City of North Buena Vista City of St. Olaf City of Osterdock City of Strawberry Point City of Volga Clayton Ridge Community School District Central Community School District MFL MarMac School District Appendix C – Planning Process Documentation Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee Meetings: Kick‐off Meeting, August 17, 2015 Meeting #2, August 25, 2015 Meeting #3, September 9, 2015 Meeting #4, September 17, 2015 Meeting #5, September 21, 2015 Meeting #6, September 30, 2015 Meeting #7, September 11, 2015 City Meetings Final Public Input Presentations Presentations Sign‐in Sheets Notices, Articles and Press Releases Appendix E – FEMA Approval Letter Clayton County Iowa Approval Letter ESignature

Table of Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Hazard Mitigation Planning Process ...... 2 Figure 2: Clayton County Fire Department Coverage ...... 12 Figure 3: Clayton County School District Boundaries ...... 13 Figure 4: Location of Clayton County in Iowa ...... 15 Figure 5: Map of Clayton County and its Incorporated Communities...... 16 Figure 6: Land Cover, Clayton County ...... 17 Figure 7: Clayton County Floodplains ...... 20 Figure 8: Watersheds in Clayton County ...... 21 Figure 9: Turkey River Watershed ...... 22 Figure 10: Percent of Population by Age Group, 2010 ...... 24 Figure 11: Percent of Housing Stock by Year Built, all Jurisdictions ...... 25 Figure 12: FFC Classification Map ...... 28 Figure 13: Train Lines through Clayton County ...... 31 Figure 14: Electrical Service Area Map ...... 32 Figure 15: Transmission Pipelines through Clayton County ...... 32 Figure 16: Clayton County Average Farmland Values, 1950‐2013 ...... 36 Figure 17: Median Household Income, Clayton County and Communities ...... 38 Figure 18: Clayton Street Map ...... 40 Figure 19: Flood Plain, City of Clayton ...... 41

Figure 22: Elkader Street Map ...... 44 Figure 23: Flood Plain, City of Elkader ...... 46 Figure 24: Elkport Street Map ...... 49 Figure 25: Flood Plain, City of Elkport ...... 50 Figure 26: Farmersburg Street Map ...... 52 Figure 27: Flood Plain, City of Farmersburg ...... 54 Figure 28: Garber Street Map ...... 56 Figure 29: Flood Plain, City of Garber ...... 57 Figure 30: Garnavillo Street Map ...... 60 Figure 31: Flood Plain, City of Garnavillo ...... 62 Figure 32: Guttenberg Street Map ...... 64 Figure 33: Flood Plain, City of Guttenberg ...... 67 Figure 34: Luana Street Map ...... 71 Figure 35: Flood Plain, City of Luana ...... 73 Figure 36: Marquette Street Map ...... 77 Figure 37: Flood Plain, City of Marquette ...... 79 Figure 38: McGregor Street Map ...... 83 Figure 39: Flood Plain, City of McGregor ...... 85 Figure 40: Monona Street Map ...... 91 Figure 41: Flood Plain, City of Monona ...... 93 Figure 42: North Buena Vista Street Map ...... 97 Figure 43: Flood Plain, City of North Buena Vista ...... 98 Figure 44: Osterdock Street Map ...... 100 Figure 45: Flood Plain, City of Osterdock ...... 101 Figure 46: St. Olaf Street Map ...... 103 Figure 47: Flood Plain, City of St. Olaf ...... 104 Figure 48: Strawberry Point Street Map ...... 107 Figure 49: Flood Plain, City of Strawberry Point ...... 108 Figure 50: Volga Street Map ...... 112 Figure 51: Flood Plain, City of Volga ...... 113 Figure 52: Animal Rabies Cases Reported in 2011 ...... 126 Figure 54: United States Percent of Time in Drought 1895‐1995 ...... 131 Figure 55: USGS Seismic Hazard Map 2008 ...... 130 Figure 56: History of Earthquakes in Iowa ...... 133 Figure 57: Clayton County 100‐year Earthquake Probability ...... 134 Figure 58: Iowa Seismic Hazard Map ...... 135 Figure 59: Location of the New Madrid Fault Line ...... 136 Figure 60: Heat Index (HI) Chart ...... 137 Figure 61: Daily Temperature Averages and Extremes, Clayton County, 1893‐2010 ...... 140 Figure 62: Clayton County’s Daily Hailstorm Probability, 2” Diameter or Larger, 1980‐1999 ...... 146 Figure 63: Annual Hailstorm Probability (2” diameter or larger), United States, 1980‐1994 ...... 147 Figure 64: Incidence of Reported Cases of Lyme Disease per County 2014 ...... 151 Figure 65: Landslide Incidence and Susceptibility ...... 156 Figure 66: Operating Nuclear Power Reactors In and Around Iowa ...... 158 Figure 67: National Weather Service (NWS) Wind Chill Chart ...... 164 Figure 68: Snow Accumulation Map ...... 166

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Figure 69: Iowa Average Annual Snowfall, 1981‐2010 ...... 168 Figure 70: Average Number of Hours per Year with Freezing Rain in the United States ...... 169 Figure 71: Karst Terrain (Sinkhole Location and Potential), Clayton County ...... 171 Figure 72: Annual Distribution and Frequency of Thunderstorms ...... 175 Figure 73: Annual Frequency of Lightning, 1996‐2000 ...... 176 Figure 74: Climate Conditions Which Produce “Tornado Alley” ...... 177 Figure 75: Daily Significant Tornado Probability, F2 or Larger, Clayton County, 1921‐1995 ...... 178 Figure 76: Daily Violent Tornado Probability, F4 or Larger, Clayton County, 1921‐1995 ...... 179 Figure 77: Frequency of F2 or Larger Tornadoes in U.S., 1921‐1995 ...... 179 Figure 78: Tornado Activity in the United States, 1950‐1998 ...... 181 Figure 79: Daily Windstorm Probability, 50 knots or higher, Clayton County 1980‐1999 ...... 185 Figure 80: Annual Windstorm Probability, 65+ knots, United States 1980‐1984 ...... 186 Figure 81: Frequency Wind Zones in the United States ...... 187

Tables

Table 1: Jurisdictional Involvement in the Development of MJ‐18 ...... 4 Table 2: Jurisdiction Adoption Dates ...... 9 Table 3: Planning Are School Districts Academic Locations……………………………………………………………………...13 Table 4: Land Cover for Clayton County ...... 16 and 17 Table 5: Land Use Breakdown by Property Tax Classification ...... 18 Table 6: Community Elevations ...... 18 Table 7: Clayton County Waterway………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19 Table 8: Climate Statistics ...... 22 Table 9: Population Comparison, 1980‐2010, All Cities, County and State ...... 23 Table 10: Median Age of Clayton County Communities ...... 23 Table 12: Number of Housing Units and Percent Change from 1990‐2000 ...... 25 Table 13: Percentage of Owner Occupied Units ...... 26 Table 14: Median Value of Specified Owner Occupied Units in Selected Communities ...... 26 Table 15: Federal Functional Classifications, Clayton County ...... 27 Table 16: Major Trails and Parks in Clayton County ...... 29 Table 17: Clayton County Communications Provider List ...... 33 Table 18: Economic Base of Clayton County and the State of Iowa in 2014 ...... 34 and 35 Table 19: Occupation Classification of Clayton County Workers ...... 35 Table 20: Clayton County Agricultural Production Value, 2015 ...... 36 Table 21: Clayton County Crop Production, 2012‐2014 ...... 36 Table 22: Labor Force Characteristics ...... 37 Table 23: Unemployment Rates by Year: County, State and Nation ...... 37 Table 25: Presidential Disaster Declarations Including Clayton County, 1990‐2013 ...... 120 Table 26: USDA Declared Disasters, 2005 to Present ...... 122 Table 27: Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) Criteria Chart ...... 123 and 124 Table 28: Clayton County Hazard Profile Summary ...... 125 Table 29: Crop Loss Due to Plant Disease, 2007‐2012 ...... 126 Table 30: National Inventory of Dams in Clayton County………………………………………………………………………..128 Table 31: Claims Paid in Clayton County for Crop Loss as a Result of Drought, 2007‐2012…………………….130

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Table 32: Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale ...... 135 Table 33: Extreme Heat Fatalities…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..138 Table 34: Typical Health Impacts of Extreme Heat………………………………………………………………………………….138 Table 35: Daily Temperature Maximums and Minimums in Clayton County, 1893‐2010………………………..140 Table 36: Tornado and Storm Research Organization Hailstorm Intensity Scale ...... 144 Table 37: Levees Identified by FEMA Region VII in Clayton County, 2010……………………………………………….157 Table 38: Claims Paid in Clayton County for Crop Loss as a Result of Excessive Moisture, 2007‐2012…….161 Table 39: Claims Paid in Clayton County for Crop Loss as a Result of Winter Conds, 2007‐2012 ...... 166 Table 40: F‐ and EF‐Scale for Tornado Damage ...... 177 Table 41: Planning Significance of Identified Hazards, 2016…………………………………………………………………..188 Table 42: Critical Facility Examples by Type ...... 190 Table 43: Critical Facilities by Jurisdiction ...... 188 Table 44: Flood Vulnerability by Jurisdiction, FY 2014/15……………………………………………………………………….192 Table 45: School Enrollment by Building and Community, FY 2015/16 ...... 193 Table 46: Clayton County Property & Crop Loss by Natural Hazards, 1996‐2015 ...... 197 Table 47: Clayton County Repetitive Loss & NFIP Data, 2015 ...... 198 Table 48: Clayton County Hazard Ranking – High to Low Significance, 2016…………………………………………..200 Table 49: CRPI Scores by Jurisdiction ...... 203 Table 50: General Mitigation Action by Jurisdiction and Priority……………………………………………………………..208

Cross Reference for Plan Review Tool

Planning Process Requirement §201.6(a)(3): ...... 2 Requirements §201.6(b)(1‐3) and §201.6(c)(1): ...... 7 Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i) ...... 225 Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii): ...... 227

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i): ...... 117 Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i): ...... 122 Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii): ...... 188 Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(iii): ...... 122

Mitigation Strategy Requirement §201.6(c)(3) ...... 10 Requirement §201.6(c)(3) ...... 204 Requirement §201.6(c)(3(i) ...... 204 Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii): ...... 204 Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii): ...... 207 Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii): ...... 217 Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii): ...... 227

Plan Review, Evaluation and Implementation Requirement §201.6(d)(3): ...... 10 Requirement §201.6(d)(3): ...... 39

Plan Adoption Requirement §201.6(c)(5) ...... 9

Introduction and Planning Process

What is hazard mitigation? Hazard mitigation planning is the process through which hazards that threaten communities are identified, likely impacts of those hazards are determined, mitigation goals are set, and appropriate strategies to lessen impacts are determined, prioritized, and implemented. This plan documents the county‐wide hazard mitigation planning process and identifies relevant hazards, vulnerabilities and strategies the Participating Jurisdictions will use to decrease vulnerability and increase resiliency and sustainability. It will affect activities and decisions for proactive mitigation planning that will help reduce the cost of disaster response. Hazard mitigation is described as:

 Any action taken to reduce or eliminate long‐term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects – an effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters.  Hazard mitigation is specifically dedicated to breaking the cycle of damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage.  Mitigation is taking action now—before the next disaster—to reduce human and financial consequences later by analyzing risk, reducing risk and insuring against risk.

Why do we plan? Each year in the United States natural disasters take the lives of hundreds of people and injure thousands more. Nationwide, taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters, because subsequent expenses incurred by insurance companies and nongovernmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many natural disasters are predictable, and much of the damage caused by these events can be minimized or even eliminated. Planning allows the stakeholders to identify policies and actions that can be implemented over the long term to reduce risk and future losses. Mitigation Plans form the foundation for a community's long‐ term strategy to reduce disaster losses and break the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage. Plans create a framework for risk‐based decision making to reduce damages to lives, property, and the economy from future disasters. Planning has many benefits:

 Planning identifies cost effective actions for risk reduction that are agreed upon by stakeholders and the public  Planning focuses resources on the greatest risks and vulnerabilities  Planning builds partnerships by involving people, organizations, and businesses  Planning increases education and awareness of hazards and risk  Planning communicates priorities to state and federal officials  Planning aligns risk reduction with other community objectives

Key Steps in the Planning Process Figure 1 illustrates the key steps in the planning process. More specifically, each step can be further described as: Figure 1: Hazard Mitigation Planning Process

Step 1: From the start, communities should focus on the resources needed for a successful mitigation planning process. An essential first step is to identify and organize interested members of the community as well as including the technical expertise required during the planning process.

Step 2: Next, communities identify the characteristics and potential consequences of hazards through a hazard identification process. It is important to understand how much of the community can be affected by specific hazards and what the impacts would be on important community assets. This is accomplished through a vulnerability assessment.

Step 3: Armed with an understanding of the risks posed by hazards, communities determine what their priorities should be and then look at possible ways to avoid or minimize the undesired effects. The result is a hazard mitigation plan that identifies mitigation strategies and actions for implementation.

Step 4: Bring the plan to life. Communities can do this in a variety of ways, ranging from implementing specific mitigation projects to changes in day‐to‐day organizational operations. To ensure the success of an ongoing program, it is critical that the plan remains relevant. Therefore, it is important to conduct periodic evaluations and make revisions as needed, a plan maintenance process.

Participants

ui §201.6(a)(3) Multi‐ju isdi ional plans may b acc as app op ia as long as ch ju isdi ion has pa ticipa in h The Participating Jurisdictions developed this multi‐hazard mitigation plan to reduce future losses in the planning area from identified potential hazards. This plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106‐390) and the implementing regulations set forth by the Interim Final Rule published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002, (44 CFR 201.6) and finalized on October 31, 2007. While the Disaster Mitigation Act emphasized the need for mitigation plans and more coordinated mitigation planning and implementation efforts, the regulations established the requirements that local hazard mitigation plans must meet or exceed in order for a local jurisdiction to be eligible for certain federal disaster assistance and hazard mitigation funding under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Act (Public Law 93‐288).

Information in this plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation and recovery to communities and their residents by protecting critical community facilities, reducing liability exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and disruptions. The planning area has been affected by hazards in the past and is therefore committed to reducing future impacts from hazard events and becoming eligible for mitigation‐ related federal funding.

The Disaster Mitigation Act requires that each jurisdiction participate in the planning process and officially adopt the multi‐jurisdictional hazard mitigation plan. This plan includes several participating local governments:

City of Clayton City of Monona City of Elkader City of St. Olaf City of Elkport City of Strawberry Point City of Farmersburg City of St. Olaf City of Garber City of Volga City of Guttenberg Central Community School District City of Luana Clayton Ridge Community School District City of Marquette MFL MarMac Community School District City of McGregor Unincorporated Areas of Clayton County

Planners met directly with the city councils (see Acknowledgements for listing of individuals) of each governmental unit. Each governing body reviewed their jurisdictional profiles; discussed their progress on and status of, previously identified mitigation actions; determined the planning significance of various hazards within their communities; and identified the mitigation actions they would pursue throughout the implementation of this plan. The Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee, the Clayton County Emergency Management Commission and the Clayton County Board of Supervisors (see Acknowledgements for listing of individuals) ensured that the county as a whole, along with its unincorporated areas went through the same process of profile review, previous action status, determination of significance for specific hazards and mitigation action identification.

Clayton County school districts had representation on the planning committee (see Acknowledgements for listing of individuals) and were responsible for ensuring that their respective boards were apprised of the planning process, and that all mitigation actions they seek to implement are included in the plan. School districts are not featured in this plan as separate sections. The unique risks and needs of each school, if any, are included within the jurisdictional sections in which the school or school buildings are located. Table 1 documents the specific ways that participating jurisdictions were involved in the planning process.

Table 1: Jurisdictional Involvement in the Development of CCHMP Jurisdiction: Involvement:  Representation on the HMPC (Moser, Gibbs)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D)  Assistance with data collection (assessor, emergency management coordinator, engineer, sheriff, conservation, planning & zoning, GIS)  Mitigation Action Identification Clayton County  Plan review and comment  Clayton County Hazard Mitigation Commission hosted presentation of plan on 4‐26‐16  Reviewed plan on 5‐9‐16  Formally adopted plan on 7‐8‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Hart)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D)  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐18‐16) City of Clayton  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐8‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Pope)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D)  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐11‐16) City of Elkader  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐25‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Bolsinger)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D)  Assistance with jurisdictional description  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 9‐9‐15) City of Elkport  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐11‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Radloff)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D)  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 9‐9‐15) City of Farmersburg  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐5‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Schroeder)  Participation at the HMPC meetings (see Appendix D) City of Garber  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐29‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐11‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Priebe)  Participation at the HMPC meetings (see Appendix D) City of Garnavillo  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐16‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐13‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Loven)  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐18‐16) City of Guttenberg  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐1‐16

4 Jurisdiction: Involvement:  Representation on the HMPC (Schroeder)  Assistance with jurisdictional description City of Luana  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐16‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐7‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Weipert)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D)  Mitigation Action Identification (city meetings on 9‐17‐15 and 2‐10‐16) City of Marquette  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐  Representation on the HMPC (Brooks) City of McGregor  Plan review and comment  Mitigation Action Identification (city meetings on 9‐21‐15 and 2‐22‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐20‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Collins)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D) City of Monona  Mitigation Action Identification (city meetings on 8‐25‐15 and 2‐16‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐18‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Ludovissy)  Participation at HMPC meetings (see Appendix D) City of North Buena Vista  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐15‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐10‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Freeman)  Assistance with data collection City of Osterdock  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 9‐9‐15)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐3‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Meyer)  Assistance with data collection City of St. Olaf  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 3‐7‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 8‐9‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Bente) City of Strawberry Point  Assistance with data collection  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐3‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐6‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Duff) City of Volga  Assistance with data collection  Mitigation Action Identification (city meeting on 2‐10‐16)  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐11‐16  Representation on the HMPC (Trenkamp) Central CSD  Assistance with data collection  Mitigation Action Identification  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐18‐16

5 Jurisdiction: Involvement:  Representation on the HMPC (Wahls) Clayton Ridge CSC  Assistance with data collection  Mitigation Action Identification  Plan review and comment  Formally adopted plan on 7‐14‐16

 Representation on the HMPC (Crozier)  Assistance with data collection MFL MarMac CSD  Mitigation Action Identification  Plan review and comment meeting on 7‐11‐16  Formally adopted plan on 7‐11‐16

6 Local Planning Process

ui ts §201.6(b)(1‐3) and §201.6(c)(1) n op public in ol p oc is tial to th d elopm of an fecti plan. n o d o d elop a mo comp si app oach to ucing th ff of natu al disast th planning p o s shall includ n oppo tunity fo th public o comm on th plan du ing th d afting stag and p io o plan app o al (2) n oppo tunity fo neighbo ing communiti local and gional ag ci in ol in haza d mitigation a i iti and ag ci tha ha th autho ity to ula d elopm as ell as busin academia and oth p i a and non‐p ofit in o b in ol in th planning p o (3) i and inco po ation if app op ia of xisting plan studi o ts and nical info mation.

h plan shall docum h planning p o s u to d elop th plan including ho it as p a ho as in ol in th p o and ho h public as in ol .

This plan is a full update and combination of previous FEMA‐approved plans covering all county jurisdictions:

 Clayton County Multi‐Jurisdictional Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan (CCHMP), FEMA approved: August 15, 2016. The CCHMP included an amalgamation of the multijurisdictional plan for the City of Clayton, City of Millville (since unincorporated), City of North Buena Vista and the City of Osterdock, along with integrated plans from the Cities of Elkader, Elkport, Farmersburg, Garber, Garnavillo, Guttenberg, Luana, Marquette, McGregor, Monona, St. Olaf, Strawberry Point, Volga and the Unincorporated areas of Clayton County.

The planning process began in July 2015 and followed methodology prescribed by FEMA, with identification and formal appointment of a Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) comprised of key stakeholders from the Participating Jurisdictions. Key stakeholders included in the process included fire departments and law enforcement; public and private school districts; county public health; the hospital and medical centers; county CPC administrator; county conservation; and a variety of local utility experts. East Central Intergovernmental Association (ECIA) facilitated the process and assembled all input, information and data to develop the written document.

In addition, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, as well as other potentially interested parties, such as neighboring counties and nearby Kamp Klaus, were invited to attend the hazard mitigation meetings and/or review and comment on the draft version Clayton County Multi‐Jurisdiction Mitigation Plan (CCHMP) via email, telephone, or attendance at hazard mitigation planning meetings. Meeting agendas were posted at the county courthouse, the Law Enforcement Center and at the city halls of local participating jurisdictions. Public notices and/or press releases in county‐wide publications were utilized to ensure notification, inclusion, and opportunity for involvement to all concerned business, private non‐profit organizations, and the general public. Appendix C offers a sampling of the notices, articles and emails distributed by the planning agency and the emergency management coordinator.

As part of coordination with other agencies, the HMPC and ECIA collected and reviewed existing technical data, reports, and plans. These included the State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, literature on local communities as well as other data from state and federal agencies. This information was used in the development of the hazard identification, vulnerability assessment, and capability assessment and in the formation of goals, objectives, and mitigation actions.

Those who attended the Clayton County Multi‐Jurisdiction Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan public meetings to provide input, while not necessarily designated as HMPC members, are included in the record of all meeting participants and are noted in the minutes and sign‐in sheets in Appendix C.

Numerous public meetings were held throughout the development of this plan including seven countywide meetings. At the completion of the draft plan, additional public meetings were held to collect final public feedback on the plan (included in Table 1).

The planning timeline was laid out as follows:

1. A planning kick‐off meeting was held on June 7, 2015. Attendees discussed the purpose of mitigation planning and what the planning process would entail. Commitment to the HMPC was confirmed. The HMPC includes members who bring expertise in emergency management and response, members who operate critical facilities and members who represent vulnerable populations from across the county. 2. Open meeting planning and input sessions were held on: • August 19 in Guttenberg • August 25 in Monona • September 9 in Elkport • September 17 in Marquette • September 21 in McGregor • September 30 in Elkader at the Clayton County Office Building

The purpose and process of mitigation planning were reviewed. In addition, a list of potential hazards was reviewed, leading to a list of those hazards to be profiled within the plan.

3. Hazard Profiles were developed by ECIA and reviewed by the HMPC and meeting participants at each meeting. CPRI scoring for county hazards was completed after each meeting. 4. Previous hazard mitigation plans, as well as the county’s Comprehensive Plan, the region’s Long Range Transportation Plan and the Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan were reviewed and incorporated where relevant. In addition, a number of references were consulted in the development of this plan. 5. A Vulnerability Assessment was completed by ECIA and planning team members. The results were reviewed and discussed by the HMPC at an open meeting on October 3, 2015. 6. The next step was to develop mitigation strategies and actions for each participating jurisdiction. Open meetings were held in each community to 1) review their community profile, 2) Complete CPRI scoring of hazards specific to their community, and 3) develop strategies and actions to minimize or mitigate harm from potential hazards. The countywide HMPC met on April 26, 2016 to develop strategies and actions for the unincorporated areas of the county. Additional jurisdictions met separately to identify strategies and actions pertinent to their needs. 7. The written document was finalized by ECIA and reviewed by the HMPC and each jurisdiction before taking the plan out for public review. 8. Public input was sought through several outlets: • The draft plan was available on the ECIA Website where comments could be left through direct contact with planners or jurisdiction officials. The Web address was announced through a press release in Clayton County newspapers and on a popular county online newsfeed. • Presentations of the plan, with a request for comments were made throughout the county from May through June 2016. Committee members and planners gave the presentations in several venues as noted in Table 1. 9. Public input was incorporated into the planning document as appropriate. Public input received consisted of small corrections to jurisdictional information and questions regarding the process. No public input was received that substantively changed any mitigation actions or priorities in the document as it was presented to the public by the planners and the HMPC. All questions were answered as part of the presentation process. 10. The plan was adopted by each jurisdiction (see Table 2) and submitted to FEMA for approval on June 3, 2016.

8 ui §201.6(c)(5) h local haza d mitigation plan shall includ docum tation tha th plan has b n fo mally adop by h go ning body of ach ju isdi ion questing app o al of th plan

The Clayton County Multi‐Jurisdiction Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan will be updated within a five‐year timeframe and has been formally adopted by the following entities (adoption documentation in Appendix B):

Table 2: Jurisdiction Adoption Dates Jurisdiction: Adoption Date: Clayton County Board of Supervisors 7‐8‐2016 City of Clayton 8‐8‐2016 City of Elkader 7‐25‐2016 City of Elkport 8‐11‐2016 City of Farmersburg 7‐5‐2016 City of Garber 7‐11‐2016 City of Garnavillo 7‐13‐2016 City of Guttenberg 8‐1‐2016 City of Luana 7‐7‐2016 City of Marquette 7‐19‐2016 City of McGregor 7‐20‐2016 City of Monona 7‐18‐2016 City of North Buena Vista 8‐10‐2016 City of Osterdock 8‐3‐2016 City of St. Olaf 8‐9‐2016 City of Strawberry Point 7‐6‐2016 City of Volga 7‐11‐2016 Central Community School District 7‐18‐2016 Clayton Ridge Community School District 7‐14‐2016 MFL MarMac Community School District 7‐11‐2016

9 Planning Area Profile and Capabilities

Overview

ui §201.6(c)( ) [The plan shall] document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and imp o th xisting polici and p og ams

ui §201.6(d)(3) h plan shall b i to l chang in d elopm p og in local mitigation fo ts and chang in p io iti

This section of the Clayton County Hazard Mitigation includes a community profile for the county and incorporates each of the jurisdictions participating in the plan. This section will review the climate and weather, geography, land use, and other conditions that impact the county, as well an overview of location, history, demographic trends and background information for the county. This section will also include relevant data for communities within the county. The County is governed by a three member Board of Supervisors. Additional elected officials include:

 County Attorney  County Sheriff  County Auditor  County Treasurer  County Recorder Key staff positions include:  County Assessor  County Attorney  County Conservation Director  County Emergency Management Coordinator  County Engineer  County General Assistance, Veterans Affairs VSO and Coordinator of Disability Services  County GIS Coordinator  County Health & Zoning  County Public Health Administrator

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office provides law enforcement to the unincorporated parts of the county and Clayton County Emergency Management provides emergency management services.

All Police Departments, Fire Departments, and Ambulance services in the County as well as some neighboring counties have a mutual aid agreement to respond and assist with an incident as appropriate. Fire Department coverage is illustrated in Figure 2.

Clayton County children attend one of four school districts covering the county. There are three independent community school districts and one Catholic school district with administrative headquarters located within the county: Central Community School District, Clayton Ridge Community School District, MFL MarMac Community School District, and St. Mary Immaculate Conception School District. School district coverage is illustrated in Figure 3.

Land and property valuations for the County were $1,825,621,409 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $91,281,070 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue bonds. Fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management and the County GIS departments provide technical resources and services to the County and its emergency responders. The county has outdoor warning sirens throughout the county that are automatically activated by the County’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County contracts with the Northeast Iowa Response Group (NIRG), a specialized HAZMAT Team from the Linn County, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county. The county utilizes a County Zoning Ordinance to control land use, direct decision‐makers and protect the quality of life for its residents. The County adopted the Clayton County Comprehensive Plan in 2002, which is currently being updated and which outlines goals, strategies and actions for future growth and development. The County utilizes the Clayton County Emergency Operations Plan and the Clayton County Recovery Plan. All Response Personnel follow appropriate protocol and guidance.

11 Figure 2: Clayton County Fire Department Coverage

Source: Clayton County GIS, 2015.

12 Figure 3: Clayton County School District Boundaries

Table 3 reflects academic locations for Planning Area School Districts.

Table 3: Planning Area School Districts Academic Locations, 2016 Community School District (CSD) School Information Street Address

400 First St. NW Central CSD Grades K‐12 Elkader, IA 52043 117 Gunder Rd. Central CSD Elkader Childcare & Learning Center (PK) Elkader, IA 52043 24542 Hwy 13 N. Central CSD Clayton County Alternative High School (9‐12) Elkader, IA 52043 131 S. River Park Dr. Clayton Ridge CSD High School (9‐12) Guttenberg, IA 52052 502 W. Watson Clayton Ridge CSD Middle School (6‐8) Garnavillo, IA 52049 131 S. River Park Dr. Clayton Ridge CSD Elementary (PK‐4) Guttenberg, IA 52052 Garnavillo Community 502 W. Watson Clayton Ridge CSD Daycare/Preschool (PK) Garnavillo, IA 52049

13 210 Main St. Clayton Ridge CSD Kids’ Kampus Community Childcare (PK) Guttenberg, IA 52052 St. Mary’s Immaculate Conception 510 S. 2nd St. Clayton Ridge CSD School & Fine Arts (K‐8) Guttenberg, IA 52052 700 S. Page St. MFL MarMac CSD High School (9‐12) Monona, IA 52159 918 W. Main MFL MarMac CSD Middle School (4‐8) McGregor, IA 52157 700 S. Page St. MFL MarMac CSD Elementary (PK‐3) Monona, IA 52159 700 S. Page St. MFL MarMac CSD Little Bulldog Childcare Center (PK) Monona, IA 52159 626 Main St. MFL MarMac CSD Dr. Clifford C. Smith Childcare Center (PK) McGregor, IA 52157 Source: Keystone Area Education Agency (AEA); School District Websites Note: Other school districts from other counties bus Clayton County students to facilities outside of the County.

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions 1. Establish and maintain well‐equipped and well‐trained local and emergency response capabilities with active partnerships a. Ongoing training and equipment purchases 2. Provide increased flood mitigation efforts and enhancements, including dams and levees a. Permanent wetland areas have been opened in Elkader and Garber area 3. Purchase, install, upgrade, and maintain warning siren equipment and alert notification system and/or equipment a. Alert Iowa will be in place in fall 2016. The system is already in place, the County needs to offer sign‐up opportunities and training on use 4. Purchase, upgrade, maintain and implement compatible regional interoperable portable mobile communications system a. Ongoing, the county does use Reverse 911 5. Develop, upgrade, enhance, and protect infrastructure and/or critical facilities a. Security cameras have been added to critical facilities and infrastructure.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue Mitigation Actions to Pursue Through MJ‐19 Implementation: Promote the Clayton County Hazard Mitigation Plan to the public via the county website Ensure the Clayton County Hazard Mitigation Plan is reviewed and kept current Construct FEMA‐compliant tornado safe room(s) Purchase mobile generators for deployment countywide as needed Install generator hook up for Clayton County Building, Clayton County Courthouse and Farmersburg Maintenance Shop Purchase permanent generator for one of the above to ensure coverage at all critical facilities Install new VPN for patrol deputies to create mobiles offices with data backup Develop mass notification system through Alert Iowa Develop new county website that includes Citizen Alert Improve land use management to minimize water runoff and soil conservation Acquisition and demolition of damaged structures Install Salamander to track resources and personnel Continue to work with Healthcare Coalition to better prepare for disease control Implement more Burn Ban information to better inform residents to prevent and control field fires

Geography and Environment Location Clayton County is located in the northeastern part of the State of Iowa. The eastern boundary of Clayton County is the Mississippi River, separating it from the State of Wisconsin. Beginning with the north and going clockwise, Clayton County is bounded by Allamakee County, IA, Crawford County, WI, Grant County, WI, Dubuque County, IA, Delaware County, IA, Buchanan County, IA, Fayette County, IA, and Clayton County, IA. The topography ranges greatly with relatively hilly terrain and bluffs. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 793 square miles; of which 779 square miles is land and 14 square miles of water area. It is the fifth‐largest county in Iowa by area. Figure 4 illustrates the location of the county within the State of Iowa. Figure 5 illustrates the location of the incorporated communities within the county, and the bordering counties.

Figure 4: Location of Clayton County in Iowa

Source: www.nationalatlas.gov

15 Figure 5: Map of Clayton County and its incorporated communities

Source: HMGP 2010

Land Cover and Use Moderate to steep slopes with underlain limestone bedrock make up the topography in the planning area and across northeast Iowa. Valleys with beautiful gentle rolling hills and dramatic bluffs found along the stunning Mississippi River make up the aesthetically pleasing landscape. Clayton County comprises a total of 792.57 miles.

Originally the land surrounding and including Clayton County was covered with prairie grass and light forestation. Modern agricultural practices have change this setting to predominately row crop and pasture settings. Table 3 breaks down the land cover by type for Clayton County. Figure 6 illustrates the land cover for the county, with the majority being forest, followed closely by corn fields and grassland or pasture.

Table 4: Land Cover for Clayton County Class Names Acres Square Miles Deciduous Forest 147810.83 230.95 Corn 129614.47 202.52 Grassland/Pasture 119586.24 186.85 Soybeans 46817.48 73.15 Developed/Open Space 17029.23 26.61 Alfalfa 16789.04 26.23 Open Water 10181.69 15.91 Developed/Low Intensity 5066.83 7.92 Oats 2807.51 4.39 Other Hay/Non Alfalfa 2241.30 3.50 Herbaceous Wetlands 2016.01 3.15

16 Developed/Med Intensity 838.21 1.31 Barren 195.71 0.31 Developed/High Intensity 172.36 0.27 Evergreen Forest 156.57 0.24 Barley 84.95 0.13 Rye 31.36 0.05 Shrubland 34.47 0.05 Clover/Wildflowers 22.24 0.03 Triticale 18.46 0.03 Fallow/Idle Cropland 9.56 0.01 Source: (USDA‐NASS Cropland Data Layer (CDL), 2014)

Figure 6: Land Cover, Clayton County

Source: (USGS, 2015)

Forestland offers both scenic and natural benefits to the residents of Clayton County. Forests help decrease soil erosion on the bluff lands and play a role in preventing pollution from reaching streams, rivers and watersheds. Forest coverage is also necessary for some wildlife habitat within the county. The recreational benefits from forestland are also important for the county as it provides great opportunities for hunting, hiking, camping and many other outdoor activities. In Clayton County, forestland accounts for 29% of all acreage in the county.

17 Land use differs from land cover in that various land covers would potentially fall under the same land use (agriculture, for example). The current land uses in Clayton County, as categorized by the County Assessor for taxing purposes, are identified in Table 5. While not completely accurate as actual use and classification may differ slightly, the data provides a snapshot of how the land in the county is being utilized and taxed. The largest land use category is agricultural, accounting for 97.2% of the land area. The next largest category is residential, at only 1.9%.

Table 5: Land Use Breakdown by Property Tax Classification Land Use Classification Acres Percent Agriculture 451,252.84 97.2% Residential 8,957.96 1.9% Commercial 1,861.89 <1.0% Industrial 946.25 <1.0% Exempt Properties (non‐taxable properties e.g. churches, government 1,046.38 <1.0% buildings and nonprofits) Total 464,065.32 100% Source: (Clayton County Assessor, 2016)

Elevation The topography of Clayton County ranges from relatively flat farm land to hilly terrain with bluffs. The lowest elevation in Clayton County is approximately 625 feet in Guttenberg, to the highest at approximately 1220 feet in Strawberry Point. Table 6 indicates the elevation for each community within the county.

Table 6: Community Elevations City Elevation City Elevation Clayton 636 Marquette 627 Edgewood 1175 McGregor 692 Elkader 732 Monona 1214 Elkport 663 North Buena Vista 650 Farmersburg 919 Osterdock 640 Garber 663 St. Olaf 856 Garnavillo 1063 Strawberry Point 1220 Guttenberg 625 Volga 794 Luana 1132 Source: (Onboard Informatics, 2015)

Rivers, Streams and Lakes The Mississippi River, Turkey River and Volga River are the largest surface waters in Clayton County. The Mississippi River runs along the entirety of the eastern edge of Clayton County. The Turkey River is prominent throughout the county, with the Volga River carrying a significant capacity of water during heavy rainfall amounts. There are numerous tributaries and small creeks and streams found throughout the county. Small constructed surface waters include a few small quarry lakes, privately owned farm ponds and municipal wastewater treatment lagoons.

The Turkey River stretches 57 river miles throughout Clayton County beginning on the central western edge and winding throughout the county to the south eastern edge where it deposits into the Mississippi River.

The Volga River stretches throughout Clayton County beginning on the central western edge and winding through the central portion of the county joining up with the Turkey River at Elkport/Garber. Table 7 lists the waterways in Clayton County.

18 Table 7: Clayton County Waterways Creeks Bear Creek Joy Spring (Maquoketa River) Bloody Run Creek* Mill Creek Bluebell Creek Miners Creek* Buck Creek* Nagle Creek Carlan Creek North Cedar‐Sny McGil Creek* Coon Creek Peck Creek Doe Creek Pine Creek* Dry Mill Creek* Rabbit Creek Elk Creek* Robert's Creek* Ensign Creek Silver Creek Fenchel Creek South Cedar Creek Hewett Creek Wolf Creek Joles Creek *Denotes a major creek in a public area, such as a campground or town. Rivers Volga River Turkey River Mississippi River

The Turkey River Water Trail Map, NOAA streams and rivers maps can be found at the following link: http://turkeyrivercorridor.com/wp‐content/uploads/2010/09/Turkey‐River‐Water‐Trail‐Guide.pdf

The County’s floodplain areas are illustrated in Figure 7.

19 Figure 7: Clayton County Floodplain

Ponds and Wetlands Ponds and wetlands play a role in water retention, cleansing and cooling. Clayton County has several small farm ponds, generally less than 10 acres in size. Ponds dot the countryside and are fed by field tile in many locations. Most wetlands, or potential wetlands, within the county are located on private land. The county is fortunate to have some Oxbow wetland areas in the county. These remnant wetlands with unique micro ecosystems can be found in their most pristine state along the Turkey and Yellow Rivers (Meyer, 2013). Other wetlands include wet meadows, bogs and fens and wet prairies. Fens are formed only under very specific conditions and no known fens exist in the county at this time, although as Figure 8 illustrates, the potential for wetlands of any nature do exist throughout the county. According to Clayton County Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD), the county has lost approximately 99% of its original wetlands (Meyer, 2013).

Surface Water Systems & Watershed The flood potential for Clayton County comes from five sources. The Mississippi River runs along the eastern board of the County and acts as both a county and state boundary with Wisconsin. Other sources of surface water affecting the County are the Turkey and Volga Rivers, which enter the County from the west and empties into the Mississippi River. Bloody Run Stream in the northern most part of the county drains the area from Monona east and empties into the Mississippi River. Small portions of the watersheds for the Yellow and Maquoketa Rivers all cross into the County but present no real flooding hazard. San McGill Creek, also in the northern part of the county, drains the area from US Highway 52 at Giard to the Mississippi River.

20 The Watershed for the Mississippi River is in excess of 67,000 square miles. It is a regulated body of water with a series of locks and dams, which are operated and maintained by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The area between the locks and dams are known as Pools. Pools No. 10 and No. 11 are included in the Clayton County area. ,

The majority of the Planning Area is located in the Turkey River Watershed. Portions of the Coon‐Yellow Watershed, the Grant‐Little Maquoketa Watershed, the Maquoketa River Watershed and the Lower‐Wisconsin Watershed are also located in the Planning Area.

The Clayton County GIS office maintains detailed maps of watersheds within the county. Clayton County officials also participate in the Turkey River Watershed Management Authority. The

Turkey River Watershed Management Authority The Turkey River Watershed Management Authority (WMA) was formed in June 2012 and is a board of directors from twenty three cities, five counties, and seven soil and water conservation districts (SWCDs) in the Turkey River Watershed who have voluntarily agreed to work together in order to:

Assess and reduce the flood risks Assess and improve water quality Work with the Iowa Flood Center to model flood reduction strategies Educate and engage residents of the watershed regarding flood risks and water quality Develop a Turkey River Watershed Plan for flood reduction and water quality management Help partners secure funding for projects

Figure 8 shows the watershed system in Clayton County, while Figure 9 gives detail of the largest watershed in the County, the Turkey River Watershed.

Figure 8: Watersheds in Clayton County

Turkey River Watershed

Maquoketa River Watershed

Mississippi River Watershed

21 Figure 9: Turkey River Watershed

For a complete map of the Turkey River WMA, see: http://turkeyriver.org/watershed‐management‐authority/

Climate and Weather The area experiences a temperate climate with both warm and cold season extremes. Winter months can bring occasional heavy snows, intermittent freezing precipitation or ice, and prolonged periods of cloudiness. While true blizzards are rare, winter storms impact the area on average about three to four times per season. Occasional arctic outbreaks bring extreme cold and dangerous wind chills.

Temperatures between river valleys and surrounding ridges can vary greatly. Typically high temperatures on ridges are three degrees to five degrees Fahrenheit colder than valleys. This can lead to slightly more average snowfall on ridge tops and occasionally a difference in winter precipitation types from ridge to valley.

Thunderstorms occur on average 30 to 50 times a year, mainly in the spring and summer months. The strongest storms can produce associated severe weather like tornadoes, large hail, or damaging wind.

Both river flooding and flash flooding can occur, along with urban‐related flood problem. The terrain can lead to mud slides and generally increases the flash flood threat. Heat and high humidity is occasionally observed in June, July, or August. The autumn season usually has the quietist weather. Valley fog is most common in the late summer or early fall months. On calm nights, colder air settles in to valleys, leading to colder low temperatures compared to ridge top locations. High wind events can also occur occasionally, usually in the spring or fall.

Table 8: Clayton County Annual Climate Averages from a 30‐year period (1981‐2010) Climate Clayton County United States Annual Rainfall (inches) 33.6 36.5 Annual Snowfall (inches) 36.2 25.0 Precipitation Days (annual total) 89.0 100.0 Sunny Days (annual total) 191.0 205.0 Average July High Temperature (F) 85.0 86.5 Average January Low Temperature 6.7 20.5 (F) Source: Sperlings, http://www.bestplaces.net

Population and Households Population The population of Clayton County as of the 2010 Census was 18,129, ranking 39th out of 99 counties in Iowa. In the last century, the County’s population declined 2.94% since 2000. The population growth rate is much lower than the state average rate of 4.10% and is much lower than the national average rate of 9.71%. Table 9 compares the population growth or decline for each of the county’s jurisdictions from 1980 to 2010 to the county as a whole and the state. The County’s largest community is Guttenberg, followed by Elkader, the county seat.

Table 9: Population Comparison, 1980‐2010, All Cities, County and State Community 1980 1990 2000 2010 % Change 1980‐2010 Clayton 68 41 55 43 ‐37% Edgewood 900 842 923 864 ‐4% Elkader 1,688 1,510 1,465 1,273 ‐25% Elkport 33 82 88 37 9% Farmersburg 276 291 300 302 1% Garber 140 118 103 88 ‐37% Garnavillo 723 727 754 745 1% Guttenberg 2,428 2,257 1,987 1,919 ‐21% Luana 246 190 249 269 1% Marquette 528 479 421 375 29% McGregor 884 797 871 871 ‐1% Monona 1,530 1,520 1,550 1,549 1% North Buena Vista 155 145 124 121 ‐22% Osterdock 35 49 50 59 69% St. Olaf 138 125 136 108 ‐6% Strawberry Point 1.463 1,357 1,386 1,279 ‐13% Volga 310 306 247 208 ‐33% Clayton County 21,098 19,054 18,678 18,129 ‐14% State of Iowa 2,913,808 2,776,831 2,926,324 3,046,355 4.5% Source: http://www.usa.com/clayton‐county‐ia.htm

According to the 2010 US Census, Clayton County has a median population of age of 45 ranking it 83rd in the state from youngest median age (26.7 in Story County) to oldest (48.1 in Dickinson County). Table 10 provides the median age, by rank, for each community in the county.

Table 10: Median Age of Clayton County Communities Community Median Age Clayton 59.3 Guttenberg 51.3 Osterdock 50.3 Elkport 50.0 North Buena Vista 49.9 Garnavillo 48.5 McGregor 48.3 Edgewood 46.6 Marquette 46.6 Strawberry Point 45.2 Elkader 45.0 Garber 43.0 Volga 43.0 Monona 42.4

23 St. Olaf 41.0 Luana 37.7 Farmersburg 37.4 Source: (U.S. Census bureau, ACS 2008‐2012)

The vast majority of Clayton County 2010 U.S. Census participants identified their race as White. Twelve of the jurisdictions were at 98% or higher, with both Clayton and St. Olaf at 100%. The lowest percentile was 94.3% White in the City of Osterdock. Clayton County median household income is $46,617 in 2008‐2012 and has grown by 36.84% since 2000. The income growth rate is higher than the state average rate of 29.54% and is higher than the national average rate of 26.32%.

Figure 10 illustrates the population by age group for the county and each community.

Figure 10: Percent of Population by Age Group, 2010 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 0 to 19 years 30% 20 to 44 years 20% 45 to 64 years 10% 65 and over 0% Olaf

Vista Point

Volga

Luana Garber County Elkport St. Elkader Clayton

Monona McGregor Garnavillo Osterdock Edgewood Marquette Guttenberg Buena

Farmersburg Clayton Strawberry North

Households From 2009‐2014, U.S. Census Quick Facts documented 7,599 households in the county. The average size of a household during this same period was 2.29. Clayton county median house value is $98,500 in 2008‐2012 and has grown by 48.34% since 2000. The house value growth rate is about the same as the state average rate of 49.09% and is lower than the national average rate of 51.67%.

24 Housing As of the 2010 Census, there were 5,298 housing units in the county. Of these units, 78.2% were owner‐occupied (13.3% above the national average of 64.9%) and the median value of these homes was $102,400. Table 12 demonstrates the change in the number of housing units in each of the jurisdictions.

Table 12: Number of Housing Units and Percent Change from 1990‐2010 Community 1990 2000 2010 % Change, 1990‐2010 Clayton 69 64 84 21.74% Edgewood 359 411 421 17.27% Elkader 707 693 627 11.32% Elkport 32 34 15 ‐53.13% Farmersburg 128 130 133 3.91% Garber 55 57 48 12.73% Garnavillo 325 357 359 10.46% Guttenberg 999 935 1,085 8.61% Luana 103 116 119 15.53% Marquette 233 222 216 7.87% McGregor 477 487 509 6.71% Monona 672 706 725 7.89% North Buena Vista 100 146 157 57% Osterdock 19 21 23 21.05% St. Olaf 50 54 48 4% Strawberry Point 556 560 622 11.87% Volga 136 114 107 ‐21.32% Clayton County 5,020 5,107 5298 5.54% Source: Data Center of Iowa, n.d.; U.S. Census Bureau, 1990, 200 and 2010 Decennial)

Nearly 77% of the housing units in the county were built prior to 1940. Figure 11 identifies the age of housing units in each jurisdiction.

Figure 11: Percent of Housing Stock by Year Built, All Jurisdictions 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Built 1939 or Earlier 40% Built 1940 to 1959 30% Built 1960 to 1979 20% Built 1980 to 1999 10% Built 2000 or later 0%

Source: (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2008‐2012)

25 Table 13: Percentage of Owner Occupied Units Community 2000 2010 % Change, 2000‐ 2010 Clayton 96.9% 85.7% ‐14.3% Edgewood 76.9% 69.4% ‐3.5% Elkader 75.3% 76.3% 1.7% Elkport 90.9% 83.3% ‐3.8% Farmersburg 80.5% 80.2% ‐2.2% Garber 88.9% 88.4% ‐3.5% Garnavillo 82.0% 81.6% 0.8% Guttenberg 74.0% 74.9% 1.4% Luana 74.8% 79.8% ‐4.1% Marquette 74.2% 73.1% 0.4% McGregor 61.5% 65.1% 2.3% Monona 75.1% 70.4% ‐5.6% North Buena Vista 81.5% 82.5% ‐13.4% Osterdock 100% 91.3% 8.9% St. Olaf 83.7% 83.7% ‐2% Strawberry Point 78.2% 71.9% ‐9.1% Volga 80.6% 80% ‐6.4% Clayton County 76.5% 76.6% ‐4.4% Source: Data Center of Iowa, n.d.; U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2010 Decennial)

Table 14: Median Value of Specified Owner Occupied Units in Selected Communities Community 1990 2000 2014 ACS % Change, % Change, 1990‐2000 2000‐2014 Clayton $45,600 $81,000 $165,600 77.63% 104.44% Edgewood $40,400 $69,800 $83,800 72.77% 20.06% Elkader $41,600 $66,000 $85,400 58.65% 29.39% Elkport $14,999 $40,400 $17,500 169.35% ‐56.68% Farmersburg $27,300 $54,800 $75,400 100.73% 37.59% Garber $22,100 $48,300 $71,400 118.55% 47.83% Garnavillo $40,500 $64,500 $82,900 59.26% 28.53% Guttenberg $42,800 $82,200 $116,700 92.06% 41.97% Luana $30,000 $55,500 $95,000 85% 71.17% Marquette $31,400 $67,100 $101,800 113.69% 51.71% McGregor $30,900 $55,600 $101,200 79.94% 82.01% Monona $35,600 $62,500 $101,900 75.56% 63.04% North Buena Vista $24,600 $56,400 $102,900 129.27% 82.45% Osterdock $65,700 $55,000 $143,800 ‐16.29% 161.45% St. Olaf $23,800 $42,500 $55,000 78.57% 29.41% Strawberry Point $33,500 $63,500 $82,700 89.55% 30.24% Volga $14,999 $41,700 $62,500 178.02% 49.88% Clayton County $37,200 $66,400 $104,900 78.49% 57.98% State of Iowa $58,600 $82,500 $126,300 40.78% 53.09% Source: us census and iowadatacenter.org 1990 data | USA.com 2000 and 2010‐2014 ACS Data

Most jurisdictions noted larger percentage increases in property values from 1990‐2000 than in the following decade. The county as a whole experienced an increase in median value of 57.98% from 1990‐2014.

Public and Private Infrastructure Highways and Roads Clayton County roads consist of approximately 1,200 total miles of roadway. The Clayton County Road Department is responsible for the maintenance of all county roads with the exception of state highways and roads and streets within the boundaries of incorporated cities in the county. 100 miles of these roads are hard surfaced roadways maintained by the Iowa Department of Transportation. There are 200 miles of paved roads and 900 miles of roads surfaced with crushed stone under the county’s jurisdiction and include 250 bridges which are on the National Bridge inventory. As of November 2015, 103 of the bridge structures are posted with weight restrictions and none are closed to traffic (Clayton County Engineer’s Office, 2015). According to the Iowa Department of Transportation (IDOT) in 2015 there were 13,324 licensed drivers in the county, with an additional 99,104 licensed drivers in the adjacent Iowa counties. Between the years of 2007 and 2011, the county experienced 1,367 crashes, 25 of them major crashes resulting in 24 fatalities (Iowa DOT, 2012).

Rural roads are labeled, and jurisdiction is determined, by the following classifications: local roads, minor collectors, major collectors, minor arterials and principal arterials. Table 15 indicates the classifications and jurisdictions of the county’s “federal aid” roadways.

Table 15: Federal Functional Classifications, Clayton County

Federal Function Length in Miles Percent of Total Classification Miles Interstate 0.00 0% Other Principal Arterial 69.97 5% Minor Arterial 48.61 4% Major Collector 202.48 15% Minor Collector 226.73 17% Local 762.84 58% Total 1,310.63 Source: (Iowa Department of Transportation, 2016)

There are several minor collectors throughout the county that account for about 227 miles of roadway. Minor collectors are also considered farm to market only roads and are spaced at intervals, consistent with population density, to collect traffic from local roads and bring all developed areas within a reasonable distance of a collector road. They also provide service to the remaining small communities and link the locally important traffic generators with the rural areas. Local roads constitute the rest of the roadways in the county, with over 1,310 miles. The rural local road system provides access to adjacent land and provides service to travel over relatively short distances as compared to collectors or other higher system. There are no interstates within the county boundaries. Figure 12 illustrates the FCC roads in the county in addition to the County Road Department Shop locations.

Figure 12: FFC Classification Map

Source: (Iowa Department of Transportation, 2015); (Clayton County Engineer’s Office, 2015)

Trails Clayton County has numerous trails throughout the county. The County Conservation Board maintains seven trails throughout the county although the public has numerous miles of park ground to hike that aren’t specifically designated as trails. The City of Elkader has three prominent trails: the Founder’s Park trail areas, the exercise trail in the Elkader City Park and the Riverwalk along the Turkey River. Guttenberg also has a number of trails including their two most prominent trails: The Riverwalk along the Mississippi nearest the City Park and the Big Springs Trail. Monona has the butterfly walk trail. Strawberry Point has a unique mile long loop.

In addition there are four State Parks and Effigy Mounds National Monument Parks with extensive Trail system located in and bordering the county: Yellow River State Forest, Pikes Peak, Bixby, Backbone, Effigy Mounds/Sny McGill. EWALU, west of Strawberry Point, has several trail systems set‐up for their campers.

Clayton County is also known for the Turkey River Water Trail. Fifty‐seven river miles of the Turkey River in Clayton County have been designated by the State DNR as a trail system with 16 accesses for public use: canoe, kayak, fish, tube, etc. Table 15 lists the major trails in Clayton County and the distance of each.

Parks The Clayton County Conservation Board operates over 1,400 acres of public park areas: Kleve Fen, Bloody Run, Frenchtown, Becker Property, Garland Property, Buck Creek, Lovers’ Leap, Motor Mill, EWP/Elkader, Pony Hollow Trail, Friedens, Osborne, Stone Pines, Volga Pines, Joy Springs, Eno Property, Chicken Ridge. In addition there are four state parks and one federal park: Yellow River State Forest, Pikes Peak, Bixby, Backbone, Effigy Mounds & Sny McGill. There

28 are 6 parcels of US Fish and Wildlife Areas as well as 21 DNR parcels/public areas. Several cities within the county have parks. The parks in Clayton County are listed in Table 16.

Clayton County has three county trails (Motor Mill, Osborne Park and, Pony Hollow Trail) along with four state‐owned trails (Pikes Peak State Park, Backbone State Park, Bixby State Park, and Yellow River State Forest). The trails are available for hiking, biking, running, walking and some for snowmobiling and horseback riding as well as many other activities. Located in Northeast Iowa, the Turkey River Recreational Corridor also spans across Clayton and Fayette Counties encompassing the communities of Clermont, Elgin, Elkader and Motor Mill.

Table 16: Major Trails and Parks in Clayton County

Trails Distance Osborne Pond 2 mi. Osborne Nature Walk 1 mi. Osborne Coniferous Trail 1.2 mi. Pony Hollow Trail 4 mi. Motor Mill‐ Oak Savannah Trail .5 mi Motor Mill‐ Eagle Scout Trail 1.2 mi Motor Mill‐ Southside Horse Trail 1 mi Elkader‐ Founder's Park Trail 1 mi. Elkader‐ Riverwalk .5 mi Elkader City Park‐ Exercise Trail 1 mi. Guttenberg‐ Riverwalk 2 mi. Guttenberg‐Upper Mississippi Bottomland Forest Interpretive Trail Guttenberg‐ Big Spring Trail Guttenberg‐ Buechel Hill Trail Strawberry Point‐ Loop EWALU Yellow River State Forest Pikes Peak Effigy Mounds Bixby Backbone Turkey River Water Trail 57 mi

Trails Planned 2016+ Distance Pony Hollow Loop 2 mi TRRC‐ Elkader to Elgin 18 mi Bloody Run Campground 1.5 mi

29 Parks Acres Manager Kleve Fen 29 County Conservation Board Bloody Run 135 County Conservation Board Frenchtown 11 County Conservation Board Becker Property 373 County Conservation Board (Garland Property) 88 County Conservation Board Buck Creek 100 County Conservation Board Lover's Leap 33 County Conservation Board Motor Mill 155 County Conservation Board EWP/Elkader 24 County Conservation Board Pony Hollow Trail 4 County Conservation Board Friedens Park 8 County Conservation Board Osborne 300 County Conservation Board Stone Pines 2 County Conservation Board Volga Pines 22 County Conservation Board Joy Springs 90 County Conservation Board (Eno Property) 69 County Conservation Board Chicken Ridge 1 County Conservation Board Effigy Mounds National Monument National Park Service (NPS) or DNR Cassville Ferry Unit‐Millville US Fish & Wildlife South of Pikes Peak US Fish & Wildlife Pikes Peak DNR Yellow River State Forest DNR Backbone DNR Bixby DNR Edgewood City Park Edgewood Elkader City Park Elkader Founder's Park Elkader Garnavillo City Park Garnavillo Guttenberg City Park Guttenberg Marquette City Park Marquette McGregor City Park McGregor Monona City Park Monona Postville City Park Postville Strawberry Point City Park Strawberry Point Volga City Park Volga

Railway The Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Corporation (IC&E) operates in Clayton County. According to the Railroad Retirement Board (April 2009), IC&E has been controlled by the Canadian Pacific Railway and operated as a part of the Canadian Pacific system since October 30, 2008. Formerly, the IC&E was jointly owned with the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad by Cedar American Rail Holdings (CARH), making the combined system the largest class II railroad in the US. Created by the purchase of I&M Rail Link, IC&E commenced operations on July 30, 2002. The 1,400‐mile (2,300 km) line, based in Davenport, Iowa, serves the states of Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Principal commodities include chemicals, coal, steel, ethanol, automobiles, and agricultural products. Train dispatching is performed at a joint DM&E/IC&E facility in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. On December 26, 2008, the IC&E was merged into parent CARH, which immediately merged into the DM&E.

30 The line has a total of 58.7 miles of track in Clayton County running between the communities of Marquette and Postville, and from Marquette to the southern border of the county (Figure 13).

Figure 13: Map of CARH Train Lines, including IC&E routes in Clayton County

Source: Route map of the Dakota and the Iowa as of 2002 State and lake outlines extracted from Perry‐Castañeda Library Map Collection; the Library's FAQ asserts public domain status on the original map. Railroad outlines and city and state labels by Sean Lamb (User:Slambo), January 20 2005; created using Microsoft Paint, based on a map published in the May 2002 issue of Trains Magazine (p. 14).

Airports Clayton County has one municipal airport: Monona Municipal Airport. The privately‐owned Elkader Airport is also open to the public. The closest regional airports are: Eastern Iowa Regional Airport in Cedar Rapids (85 miles), Dubuque Regional Airport (80 miles), and Waterloo Regional Airport (85 miles).

Utilities and Pipelines Residents of the county are provided electrical service from a mixture of investor‐owned utilities (IOU) and rural electric cooperatives (REC). The largest power suppliers for the county are Allamakee‐Clayton REC and Interstate Power and Light (Alliant Energy). Figure 14 delineates the electrical service for the county and indicates the provider responsible for that area. Black Hills Energy provides natural gas service to the communities. Residents also have access to LP gas from a variety of private providers.

31 Figure 14: Electrical Service Area Map by Provider

There are two pipelines through the county, one is a gas transmission pipeline operated by Northern Natural Gas Co. and the other a hazardous liquid pipeline operated by Amoco Oil (Pipeline and Hazardous Safety Administration, 2007). Figure 15 illustrates the general location of these lines within the county, with the blue lines representing natural gas and the red lines representing petroleum lines.

Figure 15: Transmission Pipelines through Clayton County

Source: (Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, 2007)

Water and Water Treatment No common water supply or water treatment system exists for the unincorporated areas of Clayton County. Residents, businesses and industry in these areas rely on their own private water supply system. Incorporated communities within the County maintain their own water supplies and treatment system.

Wastewater Treatment There is no common wastewater treatment system serving the unincorporated areas of Clayton County. Residents, businesses and industry in these areas rely on their own private wastewater treatment system. Incorporated communities within the County maintain their own wastewater treatment systems.

Emergency Services County‐wide emergency services within Clayton County are provided through the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office (i.e., law enforcement) and the Clayton County Emergency Management Agency (i.e., disaster planning and coordination). Other emergency services in Clayton County are affiliated with the incorporated communities and rural districts adjacent to the community. With the exception of law enforcement, these organizations are staffed almost entirely by volunteers. Emergency responders for the County consist of domiciled fire departments in Elkader, Elkport/Garber, Famersburg, Garnavillo, Guttenberg, Monona, Marquette and McGregor (i.e., Mar‐Mac) and Strawberry Point; the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office and the Clayton County Emergency Management Agency. All totaled the county is served by an estimated 142 EMR personnel, 289 volunteer firefighters, 52 full and part time law enforcement personnel, one full time EMA coordinator, plus 11 full time public health officials.

Communications Landline telephone service is provided throughout the county by a variety of telecommunications companies depending on location. Landline telephone service has decreased from 99.1% of households in 2000 to 98.6% in 2011 (U.S. Census Bureaus, 2010 Decennial). The FCC no longer makes public the location of cellular towers. Internet service is available at some level throughout most of the county. Connect Iowa reports that there are 16 providers who provide a combination of DSL, mobile, fixed wireless, fiber, satellite and cable to the County. County residents also have access to local radio, newspaper and website resources for communications. Table 17 provides a list of county communication providers. There are several areas in the County that have no radio or internet reception at all.

Table 17: Communications Provider List Provider: Type: Ace Telephone Association Broadband Alpine Long Distance Broadband AT&T Mobility Mobile Wireless Cellco Partnership Broadband CenturyTel Inc Broadband Community Digital Wireless Broadband Hughes Network Systems Satellite Jab Wireless Fixed Wireless MCC Iowa Cable NEIT Services Broadband Skycasters Satellite Spacenet Satellite Sprint Nextel Mobile Wireless United States Cellular Broadband ViaSat Satellite Windstream Iowa Communications Broadband

In addition to these local communications system, several regional television stations from Iowa and Wisconsin broadcast to the county. Most commonly watched local channels are broadcast from Cedar Rapids, Waterloo, Mason City, Iowa Public Television, Rochester, MN and La Crosse, WI. The county has a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) located in the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office as well.

Care County Resource Guide The Clayton County Resource Guide was updated and revised in August 2015 and is a comprehensive list of excellent resources of services and critical facilities available to the following vulnerable populations:

Domestic/Sexual/Child/Dependent Abuse Alcohol/Drug Abuse Child Care/Preschools Clothing, fuel, housing, shelter Counseling/Behavioral Health Dental Health Education Elected Officials Emergency Helplines Employment Enforcement/Legal Assistance Faith Community Financial Assistance Food and Nutrition Medical Health Leisure Special Needs Transportation Aging Services

For the complete document and listings, see Appendix D.

Economy According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the industries that employed the highest percentage of Clayton County’s labor force were Educational, Health, and Social Assistance (21.1%); Manufacturing (16.9%); and Retail Trade (12.7%).

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in July 2013 Clayton County had an unemployment rate of4.8 percent, which is down significantly from an October 2009 level of over 7 percent. Nonetheless, this is slightly higher than the July 2013 statewide unemployment rate of 4.4 percent.

Table 18: Economic Base of Clayton County and the State of Iowa in 2014 Industry Category Clayton County State of Iowa Number Percent Number Percent Educational Services, Health Care and Social Assistance 1,914 21.1% 379,192 24.3% Manufacturing 1,533 16.9% 233,193 14.9% Retail Trade 1,153 12.7% 182,416 11.7% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Mining 973 10.7% 62,344 4% Construction 759 8.4% 95,899 6.1% Professional, Scientific, Management, Admin and 513 5.6% 110,830 7.1%

34 Waste Services Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation and 504 5.5% 116,274 7.4% Food Transportation, Warehousing and Utilities 468 5.1% 71,807 5.6% Other Services, except Public Administration 390 4.3% 67,550 4.3% Finance and Insurance, Real Estate Rental and Leasing 298 3.3% 118,166 7.6% Public Administration 247 2.7% 50,820 3.3% Wholesale Trade 228 2.5% 45,376 2.9% Information 109 1.2% 28,625 1.8% Total Employed Persons 9,089 100% 1,562,492 100% Source: (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2009‐2014)

Table 19: Occupation Classification of Clayton County Workers Occupation Description Clayton County State of Iowa Number Percent Number Percent Management, Business, Science, Arts 2,536 27.9% 535,935 34.3% Service 1,554 17.1% 257,811 16.5% Sales and Office 2,009 22.1% 368,748 23.6% Natural Resources, Construction, Maintenance 1,272 14% 146,874 9.4% Production, Transportation, Material Moving 1,718 18.9% 249,999 16% Total Employed Persons 9,089 100% 1,562,492 100% Source: (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2009‐2014)

Agriculture Agriculture plays a more important role in the economy locally than at the state level. Agriculture is a major component of the economy of Clayton County. The Planning Area is includes 81 percent of surface land as agricultural land, 408,987 acres. Approximately 10.7 percent of Clayton County residents are employed with the agricultural industry. In 2015, the overall agricultural production value for Clayton County was $229,419,000.

Table 20 reflects the Clayton County Agricultural Production in 2015.

Table 20 Clayton County Agricultural Production Value, 2015 Percent of Total Annual Commodity Production Value ($) Production Value Grains, oilseeds, dry beans, and dry peas 36.5% 83,798,000 Cattle and calves 18.4% 51,997,000 Hogs and Pigs 22.7% 41,438,000 Milk and other dairy products from cows 19.2% 44,123,000 Other 3.2% 7,411,000 Total 100% 229,419,000 Source: USDA, National Agriculture Statistics

Table 21 provides harvest and yield information for major crops in Clayton County for 2012‐2014.

35 Table 21 Clayton County Crop Production, 2012‐14 Commodity Harvested (acres) Yield ( bushels/acre) Production (bushels) 2012‐2014 2012‐2014 2012‐2014 Corn for grain 155,000 176,700 26,257 Soybeans for beans 56,300 52,000 2,898 Oats 7,000 71,300 248 Alflalfa/Mixtures 16,789.04 4,150 (tons/acre) 96,700 (tons Source: USDA, National Agriculture Statistics Note: This information was not available for wheat and sorghum

While crop and livestock production are the visible parts of the agricultural economy, many related businesses contribute as well by producing, processing and marketing farm and food products. These businesses generate income, employment and economic activity throughout the region, including for the residents of Clayton County. Source: (United States Department of Agriculture, 2013)

Farmland continues to rise in the county, with a nearly 200% increase in value over the five year time period from 2008 to 2013. Figure 16 illustrates this trend over time.

Figure 16: Clayton County Average Farmland Values, 1950‐2013

Source: (Iowa State University Extension, 2013)

Labor Force Table 22 breaks down the labor force characteristics for Clayton County as it compares to the state.

36 Table 22: Labor Force Characteristics 2010‐2014 Clayton County State of Iowa Percent population 16 years 66.9% 63.5% and over in labor force Employed Labor Force 9,085 1,562,783 Percent Employed in Labor 63.4% 64.2% Force Females 16 years and over 4,847 886,203 Females in Labor Force 3,965 704,531 Percent of Females in Labor 81.8% 79.5% Force Source (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2010‐14)

Table 23 compares the state and county unemployment rates to national rates. National rates have been consistently higher than those of the state and county during the past decade. Clayton County as a whole has fluctuated along with the state buy has consistently reported lower unemployment rates than the state. The only exception was in 2008. The unemployment rates have recently begun to drop in the state and county with the annual 2013 unemployment rate at a five‐year low for the county.

Table 23: Unemployment Rates by Year: County, State and Nation 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Clayton County 6.5% 5.0% 4.8% 5.5% 8.6% 7.1% 6.2% 5.7% 5.7% State of Iowa 4.3% 3.7% 3.7% 4.2% 6.4% 6.0% 5.5% 5.1% 4.7% U.S. 5.1% 4.6% 4.6% 5.8% 9.3% 9.6% 8.9% 8.1% 7.4% Source: (Iowa Workforce Development, 2014; US Department of Labor, 2014)

Income According to the US Bureau of Economic Analysis, Clayton County had a per capita personal income (PCPI) of $25,853 in 2014. This compares to a state average of $28,555. This is an increase of X.x% over the county’s 2011 PCPI. Total personal income includes net earnings; dividends, interest and rent; and personal current transfer receipts. In 2012, XX% of total personal income in the county was from net earnings (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2012).

The median household income in Clayton County is less than neighboring Winneshiek and Dubuque Counties and the state at $52,827. Figure 17 compares the median household incomes for each of the incorporated communities and the county. In this comparison, Osterdock stands out as having the highest median income, while the unincorporated Monona has the lowest, with the City of Marquette being the next lowest.

37 Figure 17: Median Household Income, Clayton County and Communities, 2013

Median Income $80,000

$70,000

$60,000

$50,000

$40,000

$30,000 Median Income $20,000

$10,000

$‐ Olaf

Point Volga

Luana Garber County Elkport St. Elkader Clayton

Monona McGregor Garnavillo Osterdock Edgewood Marquette Guttenberg Farmersburg Clayton Strawberry

Source: (City‐facts.com, 2016)

Brief History Prior to 1830, the area of the State encompassing Clayton County was occupied by hostile Indian tribes who were continually warring among themselves for control over hunting grounds. While the Dakotas or Sioux occupied the norther area under dispute, the Sac and Fox occupied the southern part of the area. To resolve this issue, the United State Government entered into a treaty with these tribes on the 15th day of July 1830. A part of the treaty, each of the contending parties ceded to the Government a 20‐mile wide strip of land along the contested division line from the Mississippi in a southwesterly direction to the head waters of the Des Moines River. This area was considered “neutral ground” in which all parties were to have the privilege‐in‐common to fish and hunt. About three townships in the northwest part of Clayton County were included in the neutral ground. As part of the treaty, whites were not permitted to settle or make any improvements on this tract until the Indians were removed in 1848.

The first white settlement created within the present boundary of Clayton County was established in 1833, on the Turkey River, about four miles from its mouth on the Mississippi River. This settlement was located on the north side of the Turkey River, nearly opposite the former City of Millville.

In 1836, public surveys were begun and the county was divided into townships. The following year most of the townships were subdivided into sections, except that portion within the ‘neutral ground’. On the 10th day of September, the County’s first elections were held with three county commissioners, a treasurer, a sheriff, an assessor, a probate judge, a Supreme Court commissioner, a county surveyor and a coroner elected. The county was named in honor of, United States Senator from Delaware and later Secretary of State under President Zachary Taylor. The County Seat is located in Elkader. (Source: History of Clayton County, Iowa, Chicago: Inter‐State Publishing Co., 1882. Reproduced through the sponsorship of the Monona Historical Society, Monona, Iowa by Unigraphics, Inc., Evansville, Indiana in 1975. Transcribed by: Roxanne Barth.)

As of 2015, the following incorporated municipal jurisdictions lie within the borders of Clayton County:

City of Clayton City of Elkader City of Elkport City of Farmersburg City of Garber City of Garnavillo City of Guttenberg City of Luana City of Marquette City of McGregor City of Monona City of North Buena Vista City of Osterdock City of St. Olaf City of Strawberry Point City of Volga

Jurisdictional Descriptions and Capabilities Requirement §201.6(d)(3): [The plan shall] document each jurisdiction’s existing authorities, policies, programs, and resources and its ability to expand and improve these existing policies and programs

Requirement §201.6(d)(3): [The plan shall] be revised to reflect changes in development, progress in location mitigation efforts and changes in priorities

The mitigation capabilities for each city jurisdiction are profiles in the section that follows. This profile includes an overview of the jurisdictions and their organizational structure; a description of staff, fiscal, and technical resources; and information regarding existing hazard mitigation capabilities such as adopted plan policies and regulations, if any. The descriptions and capabilities assessments are based on available data, including information provided by jurisdictions collected during the planning process. School District information and any unique risks are included within the jurisdictions in which school district buildings are located. In our rural environment, there have been no significant changes in development that occurred in hazard prone area. No significant changes in the vulnerability of jurisdictions were noted since the approval of previously approved plans, MJ‐19.

City of Clayton History and Overview Clayton was platted on Section 1, Clayton Township in November 1849. Lower Clayton was platted in August 1853. Upper Clayton was added in 1953 and West Clayton in 1854. In August 1829, Frank Smith of Dubuque and Mr. Gilbert and Mr. Douglas of Garnavillo formed a co‐partnership with investors from Elkader, Iowa. They sold an undivided half interest and began work with clearing off the brush and surveying land into town lots. They named the town Clayton, in honor of John M. Clayton.

By 1856, large and substantial warehouses, hotels and business houses, flouring mills and saw and planning mills were built. The streets were blocked with teams from early in the morning until late in the evening with produce in which gold was always paid. Teams from as far away as Dubuque and Buchannan Counties were often seen loaded with wheat.

In 1901, The Clayton House was set on fire and much of the town burned. Additionally, when the dam was put in, the town lost a street along the river.

39 Silica mining has been through two different stages in Clayton. From 1878 until the 1930s, an open‐pit quarry was operated. Underground mining using the “room and pillar” method began in 1916. Present day, the mine is currently about 60 acres in size, has 14 miles of tunnels, and goes as deep as 250 feet below the surface. In 1964, the sane mine was equipped with supplies so it would serve as a bomb shelter – estimated to support 44,000 people at the time. Today, the mine is no longer designated as a bomb shelter and is not open to the public.

The City of Clayton has bluffs to the west and the Mississippi River to the east, divided only by 300 yards, a railroad track, a paved road and homes.

Clayton is located off a The Great River Road, directly on the Mississippi River and is only accessible by a very steep road. Many people have summer homes in Clayton due to its proximity to the Mississippi River. The total land area of city limits is 0.49 square miles and is laid out as shown in Figure 18.

Figure 18: Clayton Street Map

Source: Iowa Department of Transportation, 2011.

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Clayton is governed by one mayor and five council members all of whom are elected. City employees include: Part‐time city clerk Part‐time water superintendent Part‐time maintenance supervisor

Law enforcement is provided to the residents of Clayton by the Clayton County Sheriff’s Department.

Clayton receives primary fire protection from the Garnavillo Fire Department.

Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs), Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and Paramedics with the Guttenberg and Garnavillo services respond to any trauma or medical emergency.

The City of Clayton is located in the Clayton Ridge Community School District. Clayton children attend elementary and high school in Guttenberg, while middle school students are based in Garnavillo. No school buildings are located in the City of Clayton.

The City of Clayton participates in the Iowa Rural Water Association (IRWA). The City has 14 fire hydrants, one resident trained as an EMR worker (Level B Certified), and four government structures: City Hall (built in 1860s), Clayton School, city water tower shed, and park/shelter restroom. The City’s ISO rating is: 10.

40 The City’s water tower was built in 1971, holding 20,000‐25,000 gallons, roughly 10 days storage. The City installed a new well in summer 2009 and also removed the former well. The City has no municipal sewer services.

Purchased and installed in 2003, located by the Clayton Ridge School System, the City has one warning siren in use. Their warning siren is activated at noon daily. The City has one railroad crossing in city limits with a stop sign as crossing identification. There are no lights at the railroad crossing and one of the signs is missing.

Ambulance: Garnavillo and Guttenberg, Iowa First Responders: Garnavillo, Iowa Hospital/Clinic Needs: Guttenberg and Elkader, Iowa and Prairie du Chien, WI

Downtown Clayton is situated between the Mississippi River and the limestone bluffs; flood is a concern for the community. The rest of the houses are on the bluffs and are not in the flood plain. Figure 19 illustrates the flood plain in the community.

Figure 19: Flood Plain, City of Clayton

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Clayton were $11,557,406 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $577,870 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Clayton’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

41 Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Clayton and its emergency responders. The City has an outdoor warning siren that is use and it is activated at noon daily. The City’s community shelter location is the basement of the Peace Lutheran Church. The County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county.

Development Trends There has been no new residential, commercial or industrial building in the past five years in the City of Clayton. Due to the bluffs to the west and the river to the east, little if any development is possible.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan. 2011 – DFIRM CID 190072 Mutual Aid agreements are in place with neighboring communities regarding Fire and EMR assistance.

Key Issues  Tornadoes – the bluffs are heavily wooded and any tornadoes could cause extensive tree damage, which in turn could affect the limestone bluffs and landslides.  Transportation Incident ‐ located directly on the Mississippi River, the city is also concerned about hazardous materials coming via the water past the town. Trains also run the length of the town, between the city and the Mississippi. There is only rail crossing in town. The crossing does not have lights and has a stop sign missing in one direction. Debris and vibrations can be seen and felt in many of the structures near the railroad tracks.  River Floods – The city is directly adjacent to the Mississippi and has experienced several incidences of flooding.  Flash Floods – Quick spring melting or heavy rains can cause significant water down the limestone bluffs and can affect drainage in yards along the bluffs.  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – Clayton is at the bottom of a very steep hill and the roads are cleared by the County and townspeople are dependent on the hill being cleared to be able to get in and out of town during the winter. Most stores and businesses in Clayton are seasonal and winter weather can make it difficult for citizens to get supplies.

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions 1. The entire County participates in emergency response exercises on a regular basis a. Ongoing 2. City is a part of the Iowa Mutual Aid Compact (IMAC) a. Ongoing 3. City utilizes local ordinances, defaulting to the State of Iowa for all other ordinances a. Ongoing 4. City utilizes the Clayton County Emergency Support Function (ESF), 2006 a. Ongoing 5. All City Response Personnel follow appropriate protocol and guidance a. Ongoing

42 6. Clayton County Emergency Management has been awarded $400,000 funds for a new and upgraded communications system a. Installed 7. Iowa Rural Water Association (IRWA) participant a. Ongoing 8. Some property owners have paid for, put in place, and maintained private retaining walls a. Ongoing 9. Add retaining walls on city property, if needed. Also Continue to monitor trees, debris and rocks from bluffs a. Ongoing 10. City has approximately 20 fire extinguishers mounted to Main Street utility poles for community usage a. Ongoing 11. New city well installed 2009 a. Complete 12. Drainage tube/culvert enhancement made 2009 a. Complete 13. Community utilizes one mile long, 3‐3 1/2 foot tall levee on the west side of the train tracks for flood protection a. Ongoing monitoring occurs 14. Backup power supply for community needs a. Need generator for city hall or for new structure and wiring for water system 15. Additional safety measures regarding local hazards (mines, river, bluff) a. Ongoing

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning/budget meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue 1. Work with private property owners to clean out debris from culverts to prevent flooding 2. Update, maintain, and regularly test defibrillator to be available for emergencies 3. Continue to backup city data offsite 4. Consider building a tornado safe room that would include storm shelter, city hall (current facility has no plumbing and no generator). City of Clayton population doubles in summer due to vacation cabins, homes and river traffic. Shelter would be important to accommodate full population 5. Working on 28E Agreement with Garnavillo Fire Department for coverage for City of Clayton 6. Wire well for backup generator 7. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance and update flood plain ordinances.

City of Elkader History and Overview The first settlers to the area arrived in 1836. The City of Elkader is located in the Turkey River Basin in northeast Iowa. The Turkey River runs directly through the city. The village of Elkader was established and laid out in 1845 by John Thompson, Chester Sage and Timothy Davis. Davis was an admirer of Abdel Kader, a young emir of Algeria who led his people against an invasion by the French in 1832, and later when in exile in Damascus, he saved 12,000 Christians from a murderous mob. Davis suggested that the last parts of the chieftain's name be put together as a name for the new community he had helped to found. The village was officially incorporated as a city on May 29, 1891. Today, Elkader is the seat of Clayton County.

43 Figure 22: Elkader Street Map

Source: Elkader Visitor’s Bureau, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Elkader is governed by a Mayor/Council form of government with five council members and a mayor, all of whom are elected.

City employees include:  City Administrator/clerk  Public Works Director  Police Chief  Economic Development Director  Library Director

44 The City of Elkader receives fire protection from the Elkader Volunteer Fire Department. The department provides fire protection to the Elkader Fire District comprising 82 square miles in Read, Highland, Cox Creek and Boardman Townships in Clayton County. Total population for the fire district is estimated at 2,000 people, including the City of Elkader. Staffing of the department is approximately 26 volunteer firefighters. The department is headquartered at the Elkader Fire Station located at 921 Humphrey Street, Elkader. The fire departments of Clayton County have formed a county‐ wide mutual aid agreement, making the services of 12 additional fire departments available to the city in the event of a major fire or emergency.

The Central Community Hospital at 901 Davidson Street in Elkader is the most immediate medical treatment facility. The Level 4 Critical Access Trauma Center has 25 beds and one emergency room and is staffed with approximately 50 employees. The other nearest hospitals and trauma centers include Mercy Medical Center in Dubuque, and the Crossing Rivers Hospital in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.

Emergency medical service for the City of Elkader is provided by the Central Ambulance Service in Elkader. The service is jointly operated by the Central Community Hospital in Elkader and the City of Elkader.

Law enforcement for the City of Elkader is provided by the Elkader Police Department. The department maintains a full‐ time Chief of Police and two full‐time police officers, plus a contingent of three reserve officers. A 28E agreement for mutual aid exists between the Elkader Police Department and the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county. A statewide 28E agreement is in place for equipment exchange with all agencies in Clayton County.

The City of Elkader has designated the fire station for use as an emergency shelter, but it was not built to FEMA standards because of the windows. The station does have a generator.

Emergency communications for the City of Elkader are handled through the Clayton County Enhanced 911 System maintained and staffed by the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office at 100 High Street, Elkader. At the center, multiple dispatchers, each with their own workstation, are on duty at all times to handle the calls.

The City of Elkader maintains four warning sirens to alert residents of severe weather or other threatening situations. None of the sirens have voice messaging capabilities.

Water supply for the City of Elkader is provided through a contract with PeopleService, a water/wastewater management firm located in Omaha, Nebraska. The company has 2 employees assigned to the City of Elkader. The water supply system includes two active wells that supply water to a water tower that disperses water to the city through a system of eight, six and four inch water mains. Water for the city is supplied by two active wells and the city has a water treatment plant located at 1005 Miller Street Northeast. Water usage averages 92,500 gallons of water per day. The city has a new 300,000 gallon capacity above ground water storage tower that was constructed in 2005.

The Elkader Water Treatment Plant has a standby emergency electrical power generator. Some well field protection measures have been taken, including no trespassing signs around the wells; the well area is fenced and gated; and a 200 foot easement is established around each well that prohibits storage of hazardous chemicals within the area.

Wastewater treatment for the City of Elkader is provided through PeopleService, a water/wastewater management firm located in Omaha, Nebraska. The company has 2 employees assigned to the City of Elkader. The city’s current sewage treatment system plant was constructed in 1985 and consists of a lagoon system located at 26258 Highway 13 South. The system is being replaced by a mechanical sewage treatment plant in 2009 at a projected cost of $3.4 million.

45 Public education is provided for Elkader residents by the Central Community School District. The school district has one kindergarten building and one first through twelfth grade building in Elkader.

Figure 23: Flood Plain, City of Elkader

Fiscal and Technical Resources

Property valuations for the City of Elkader were $69,719,689 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $3,485,984 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. McGregor’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Development Trends The City of Elkader’s current land uses are residential, commercial and agricultural. There has been industrial and commercial development. The Industrial Park has had a building expand, two other buildings added and plans for another industrial building to be added in the next five years.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan. NFIP Member ‐ CID number 190073.

46 Floodplain Management ‐ The City of Elkader has adopted a Floodplain Ordinance, which is Chapter 160 of the city’s code of ordinances. The ordinance designates the Elkader City Administrator/Clerk as the Elkader Floodplain Manager. The current City Clerk/Administrator has not had any formal training in floodplain management, however, after the Flood Maps were updated, flood ordinances were also updated.

Chapter 160 regulates development only in the city’s established Flood Plain District. The ordinance establishes a development permit system which requires a permit within the Flood Plain District. It also establishes specific performance standards for construction within the Flood Plain District. As per the requirements of the ordinance, most flood plain construction must be approved by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources.

In order to remain a member of the National Flood Insurance Program, the community has adopted and enforces a Floodplain Ordinance which is Chapter 160 of the Code of Ordinances for the City of Elkader. The ordinance regulates what type of construction, if any, can occur in identified flood hazard areas. By doing so, property owners in the community are eligible to purchase flood insurance on property within the city limits, regardless of whether they are actually in an identified floodplain.

Key Issues  The City of Elkader has undertaken some measures to mitigate the impact of floods on the community. Most notable is a 1,700 feet US Army Corps of Engineers levee. The levee ranges from 4 to 9 feet high and has a width of 10 feet. The designed protection for this levee is for a 100 year flood elevation of 723 feet. Attached to the levee is a 300 feet long floodwall that is 4 feet high. Also associated with this system is a bypass channel that is 2,100 feet in length and has a width of 50 feet. Acres protected by the system are 13, which includes 35 homes valued at an estimated $2,100,000.

 The city has also raised the road to its main lift station in 2010 so it was more accessible during flood events and constructed a cement flood wall around the main lift station. Berms around the city’s wastewater treatment plant have been raised. The city maintains the flood way established with its dike system and maintains rip rap at a bend of the Turkey River by the City Park to reduce erosion.

 The City of Elkader is continuing to pursue further flood mitigation efforts. In January 2016, the Army Corps of Engineer notified the City that its levee system was “acceptable”. Summary of maintenance required by this reporting period included: mowing and spraying, greasing flap gates, exercise flood gates, and animal control.

 According to FEMA, as of February 29 2016, there were 62 total loss flood insurance claims for flood damage in the City of Elkader since 1978. Fifty‐two of those properties are closed, ten were CWOP losses and there are zero open losses. Total payments equaled more than $1,569,000.

 Clayton County has 14 properties with repetitive loss as of June 2015. The City of Elkader has nine repetitive loss properties. Due to privacy issues no information is available on the location or value of these structures. All nine, however are within the 100 year plain and located within an area with the boundaries of Bridge Street to Bronson Street and Main Street to First Street.

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. The new Elkader Wastewater Treatment plant will have a generator for emergency electrical power a. Complete 2. The City of Elkader replaced two old water lines crossing the Turkey River with a new line that is under the river and downstream of the river a. Complete

47 3. The City of Elkader continues to work with the Army Corps of Engineers on a levee maintenance program and repairing damages to the city’s levees that were caused by the 2008 floods a. Ongoing 4. The Elkader Water Treatment Plant has a standby emergency electrical power generator a. Complete 5. The city and its public works department make use of Iowa One Call—800‐292‐ 8989—Contractors and citizens can call before they dig a. Ongoing 6. The City of Elkader has a floodplain ordinance regulating development in the 100‐year flood zone areas a. Ongoing 7. The City of Elkader has established water well protection for the city’s wells a. Not done yet, however, anticipated to be completed within next five years 8. The existence of a FIRM map for the City of Elkader since 1978 a. Complete 9. The City of Elkader has a flood gauge on the Highway 13 Bridge to monitor the Turkey River water level a. Ongoing, monitored through the USGS. 10. The City of Elkader has 4 trash pumps available for use in emergency situations a. Complete 11. Back‐up electrical generators at the Clayton County Law Enforcement Center a. Generators are located at the fire station and the hospital

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget, comprehensive plan and through council planning/budgeting sessions.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Update all four warning sirens with ones that are voice activated, have battery backup and are remotely activated 2. Establish water well protection for the City’s wells 3. Install generator and wiring at City Hall 4. Implement ACOE levee maintenance requirements 5. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance and update floodplain ordinances

City of Elkport History and Overview Elkport, Iowa was incorporated on February 24, 1896. It was named from the Elk Creek. The town was severely damaged by floods in May 2004. After the floods, nearly all residents of the town chose federal buyout, selling their homes to the United States federal government for demolition. In September 2006, nearly all of the buildings of Elkport were demolished.

48 Figure 24: Elkport Street Map

Source: IDOT

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Elkport is governed by one mayor and three council members all of whom are elected.

City employees include:  city clerk

Volunteers between the neighboring communities of Elkport and Garber have formed the Elkport‐Garber First Responders/EMR and the Garber Fire Department. The fire station is located in the Garber city limits on the west side. The Garber Fire Department has a submerged 12,000 gallon tank with eight inch casing for pumping of 90 gallons per minute. This submerged tank is sourced through recycled runoff water.

The nearest hospitals, emergency rooms, long‐term care and nursing facilities are in Guttenberg and Elkader.

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office provides law enforcement to the City of Elkport.

Students living in Elkport are part of the Central Community School District, with the school located in Elkader.

49 Figure 25: Flood Plain, City of Elkport

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Elkport were $1,264,700 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $63,235 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Elkport’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Elkport and its emergency responders.

The City has an outdoor warning system that is automatically activated by the County’s 911 dispatch center or can be manually activated at the City’s Fire Station. The City’s community shelter location is the fire station. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county.

Development Trends Since the flood buyouts in 2008, several properties have been demolished in Elkport and there has been no new development due to the large flood zone. The Elkport‐Garber Community Center is the only new construction.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan. 1986 – NFIP member. CIP 190074.

Mutual aid agreements are in place with neighboring communities regarding Fire and EMR assistance. The Garber Fire Department and Elkport‐Garber EMR follow appropriate protocol and guidance.

Key Issues  River Floods – the City has a long history of severe floods and while most of the residents have relocated out of the floodplain, the potential for the city to flood remains due to the convergence of three waterways near city limits.  Flash Floods – quick spring melting or heavy rains can cause significant water down the limestone bluffs and can affect drainage in yards along the bluffs.  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. Maintain a well‐equipped and well‐trained emergency response capability for appropriate effective response. a. Ongoing 2. Construct FEMA‐compliant tornado safe room(s) a. Not complete due to funding 3. Provide increased flood mitigation efforts and enhancements a. Ongoing 4. Ensure that the City of Elkport Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan is reviewed and kept current. a. Ongoing 5. Purchase, install, upgrade, and maintain warning siren equipment and alert notification system and/or equipment a. 2004 put in new siren through FEMA grant. Does not have voice messaging but can be activated remotely 6. Acquisition and demolition of damaged structure(s) and property a. Complete 7. Continue National Flood Insurance (NFIP) participation a. Ongoing 8. Improve data collection software and technology resources a. Ongoing 9. Promote City of Elkport Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan to the public a. Ongoing 10. Develop, upgrade and enhance water and wastewater treatment infrastructure a. The City of Elkport does not provide water or wastewater services to its residents 11. Evaluate sinkholes through engineers studies and implement appropriate safety protocols a. Does not apply

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Update and ensure efficiency of floodgates on Turkey River and Elk Creek 2. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance

City of Farmersburg History and Overview The City of Farmersburg has a total land area of 0.4 square miles. It is a 195‐acre community mainly of commuters. The first known log cabin was built in 1848, the first general store was established in 1853, the first saw mill was built in 1855, the land was surveyed in 1856, the post office was established in 1857, and a railroad line was built about 1870. City waterworks began in 1939 and a city sewer district was established and brought into service in 1972. Businesses from a drug store, harness shop, ice house, implement companies, locker plant, lumber yard, to well‐drillers have flourished and then perished over the years with the latest to close (or move) being the bank. The 1950’s really started the spiral of business closings – the smaller farms being merged into larger ones meant fewer customers for implement dealers and repair shops and the prosperity leading to frequent use of automobiles made it difficult for small grocers and gas stations to compete with those in larger communities. With the loss of businesses, retired farmers settled in larger neighboring communities having grocery stores and gas stations. However, the lower cost of housing, city utilities, and city taxes has attracted young families and other homebuyers. The result is that the population today at 300 is more than it was during the strong business days of the 1950s and earlier.

Figure 26: Farmersburg Street Map

Source: IDOT, April 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Farmersburg is governed by a Mayor/Council form of government with five council members and a mayor, all of whom are elected. The mayor’s term is for two years and a council member’s term is for four years.

Currently there are six regular part‐time employees and one seasonal including:

52  water and sewer superintendent/deputy city clerk/assisting townsman  assistant to townsman  assistant to librarian  library director and librarian  city clerk and assistant to librarian  seasonal snow removal

Water is supplied by two active wells. The city has an Aquastore Harvestore above ground water storage towers holding a maximum of 80,000 gallons of water. The city’s water treatment plant is located at Farmersburg Road. The plant has stand‐by power generation capabilities as does Well No. 2. This is a public water supply system and well head protection plan regulations were adopted by the City Council on July 5, 2004.

The City of Farmersburg’s wastewater treatment facility is a lagoon system. A lift station for the facility is located at West Adams Street. The sewer lagoon is located on 182nd Street. The sewer lift station does not have a stand by generator.

Law enforcement for the City of Farmersburg is provided by the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office. A 28E agreement for mutual aid exists between all community police departments and the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office. This agreement allows for cross coverage between the two entities as each situation dictates.

The City of Farmersburg receives fire protection from the Farmersburg Volunteer Fire Company (FVFC). The Farmersburg Volunteer Fire Company provides fire protection to the Farmersburg Fire District comprising 36 square miles in Wagner and Farmersburg Townships of Clayton County. Total population for the fire district is estimated at 700 people, including the City of Farmersburg. Maximum staffing of the department is 21 volunteer firefighters. The department is headquartered at the Farmersburg Fire Station located at 304 South Main Street, Farmersburg, Iowa.

The fire departments of Clayton County have formed a county‐wide mutual aid agreement, making the services of an additional 17 fire departments available to the city in the event of a major fire or emergency.

The City of Farmersburg’s immediate emergency medical care facility is Central Community Hospital in Elkader. The other nearest hospitals and trauma centers are Finley and Mercy Hospitals in Dubuque.

The City of Farmersburg does not have a domiciled ambulance service. Non‐transport Emergency Medical Service (EMR) for the City of Farmersburg is provided by the Farmersburg First Responders headquartered in the Farmersburg Fire Station. The Farmersburg First Responders are the initial primary emergency medical service provider for the 36 square mile area of the Farmersburg Fire District. The service is staffed with 4 Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) volunteers. Ambulance transport and paramedic services are provided by the MFL Ambulance Service in Monona.

A regional Hazard Materials Team is on hand to assist the City of Farmersburg with a Hazard Materials event or catastrophe. The Team is located two hours away from Farmersburg and is operated by the Linn County Hazardous Materials Response Team headquartered in Cedar Rapids. The Team assists Clayton County fire departments with hazard materials emergency procedures. An evacuation plan is also in place in the City of Farmersburg as part of the Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Emergency Operations Plan that can be used in conjunction with activities of the HAZMAT team and the Farmersburg Volunteer Fire Company.

City has electrical generation at Well No.2 (not portable) Telephone: Northeast Iowa Telephone Company (Monona) Cable TV: Northeast Iowa Telephone Company (Monona) Internet: NEITEL

The City of Farmersburg is part of the MFL MarMac Community School District. The school district has centers in Monona and McGregor.

Figure 27: Flood Plain, City of Farmersburg

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Farmersburg were $8,473,407 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $423,670 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Farmersburg’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities including bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Farmersburg.

The City of Farmersburg maintains an old warning siren to alert residents of severe weather or other threatening situations. The siren does not have voice messaging capabilities nor does it have backup.

Additionally, the FVFC has an automatic aid agreement with the neighboring Holy Cross Fire Company.

Development Trends No new developments have occurred in the past five years. Land uses are residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural.

Existing Plans and Policies

54 2011 – FEMA‐approved Hazard Mitigation Plan 1986 – NFIP member. CIP 190075.

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. Debris Management a. Ongoing 2. Special Building Permit application for properties in the floodplain and a floodplain ordinance a. Complete 3. Repaired sunken curb and gutters to flow along the street rather than onto property a. Complete 4. Seal‐coated some graveled alleys to avoid storm sewer clogging a. Complete 5. Public awareness of tornadoes and high wind events by maintaining warning siren a. Needs to be updated as it does not have voice transmission or backup capabilities 6. Public awareness of hazardous weather through local radio and television stations, the internet, etc. a. Ongoing 7. Designate the Farmersburg Community Center as an emergency shelter for the city a. Complete

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Update warning siren as needed for coverage 2. Continue debris management 3. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance and update floodplain ordinances

City of Garber History and Overview

55 Between 1851 and 1857, Mr. John Garber and his mother purchased approximately 250 acres of land. In 1857, John had his holdings plotted into town plots known as East Elkport, IA. John was a very wealthy man; he was a judge, sheriff, business owner and landowner. In November of 1904, East Elkport petitioned the courts to end its ties with the City of Elkport. The petition was granted in December of that same year. At that time East Elkport elected their first city officials. In November of 1907, the City adopted a resolution to change the name of East Elkport to Garber in honor of its founder, John Garber.

Governance, Facilities and Services The governing body includes on Mayor and five city council members.

Employees include:  City clerk  Maintenance/groundskeeper

Volunteers between the neighboring communities of Elkport and Garber have formed the Elkport‐Garber Emergency Medical Responders and the Garber Fire Department. The fire station is located in Garber city limits on the west side. The Garber Fire Department has a submerged 12,000 gallon tank with 8 inch casing for pumping of 90 gallons per minute. This submerged tank is sourced through recycled runoff water.

The nearest hospitals and emergency rooms are in Guttenberg, Edgewood and Elkader.

Figure 28: Garber Street Map

North

Source: United States Census Bureau Note: The land area of city limits is 0.24 square miles

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office provides law enforcement to the City of Garber and Clayton County Emergency Management provides emergency management services.

56 Figure 29: Flood Plain, City of Garber

Fiscal and Technical Capabilities Property valuations for the City of Garber were $3,203,095 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $160,155 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Garber’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities including bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Garber. Technical tools or resources available for the City are an outdoor warning system located near the Garber Fire Department in city limits (activated by the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office or manually through the Garber Fire Department pagers and cell phones, and some response vehicles).

Development Trends Like the neighboring city of Elkport, the City of Garber has experienced a loss of residential property due to flood buyouts. The City of Garber has relocated its fire station and city hall to higher ground, but otherwise no new development has occurred.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – F EMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan. 1986 – NFIP; CIP Number 190076B

Mutual Aid agreements are in place with neighboring communities regarding Fire and EMR assistance. Clayton County Emergency Operations Plan 2006 in the event of an emergency

Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team headquartered in Cedar Rapids, IA to provide hazardous material (HAZMAT) incident emergency services. Cedar Rapids is located approximately 70 miles to the southwest of Garber.

As of June 2015, there was one property located in flood zone in e City of Garber.

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Activities 1. Buyout of flood‐prone properties o Four properties remaining that could be considered for buyout in event of future flooding 2. Construction of a community building to protect residents against hazards o Completed in conjunction with the City of Elkport 3. Install generator in community building o The Fire Department has several portable generators that can be used short term. However the generators are located on the opposite side of the river. Would like generators for all critical facilities. 4. Continue NFIP participation o Ongoing 5. Flood protection surrounding the Anchor Inn Restaurant o A 4’ high x 150’ foot long retaining wall was put in place by the owner. The City will sandbag the front side of the building in the event of a flood. 6. Inform key county and community leaders and keep updated as necessary o Ongoing 7. Facilitate conversation regarding the safety, strength, and certification of flood protection infrastructure outside of Garber o Ongoing 8. Maintain a well‐equipped and well trained emergency response capable of appropriate and effective response o Ongoing 9. Increase communications ability o Ongoing 10. Promote City of Garber Hazard Mitigation Plan to the public

58 o Ongoing 11. Ensure the City of Garber Hazard Mitigation Plan is reviewed and kept current o In process 12. Maintain NFIP compliancy o Ongoing 13. Relocate Garber Fire Station outside of the floodplain o Complete in 2001 14. Move City Park and playground equipment outside of the floodplain using CDBG funding o Complete in 2009 15. Put cement retaining wall on downtown streets and riprap on bank to prevent future flooding in the city. o Received a FEMA Public Assistance grant in 2013 of $15,000 to assist with the project. 16. The sirens in Elkport and Garber are synchronized for better coverage of the area. o Complete 17. May 2012 moved city offices out of the floodplain o Complete 18. Summer 2012 purchased mobile cart that is placed in the city storage shed. In the event of a pending flood, the city leaders can move the cart to higher ground. Includes playground equipment in off‐season, traffic cones, garbage cans, and other supplies. o Complete 19. Went from wide‐banding to narrow‐banding radio communications with much better reception in Garber. The system will eventually go digital. Emergency Responders also get text on their personal cell phones. o Complete 20. Building downtown has sandbags on pallets in the event of future flood events o Complete 21. Move the city storage shed from flood plain. o Complete

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council budgeting/planning sessions.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue 1. Investigating the possibility of additional property buyout or cleanup through a Brownfield Grant. 2. Build a permanent structure and shelter area with bathroom facilities near new park and out of flood plain 3. Investigate possibility of installing city water and sewer. At this time the community is not eligible for FEMA safe room funding because of the water and sewer issues. 4. Consider moving to cloud backup for all city data 5. Continue to have discussions with Clayton County officials and the Army Corps of Engineers regarding the road on top of the dike and the big hole in the ground in Elkport. Officials are concerned that the flood situation has not been properly solved and that high water will create a flood in the same pattern as previous floods. 6. Cement parking area at the boat ramp to prevent erosion and washing from heavy rains and flood events. 7. Repair weak spots in the dike that are visible when there is water leaking from rains and flood events 8. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance and update floodplain ordinances.

City of Garnavillo History and Overview Garnavillo, Iowa is located on .9 square miles of land in the southeast corner of an area known as the Garnavillo Prairie in Garnavillo Township of Clayton County, Iowa. The town has been dubbed "The Gem of the Prairie" because the area has some of the richest farm ground in Iowa and the country. The City’s name is composed of two Latin words, "Garna" which means embellished, decorated, showy, and beautiful; and "Villa", meaning village.

59 Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Garnavillo is governed by a mayor and five city council members.

Employees include:  City clerk/administrator  Assistant clerk  Public works superintendent  Public works assistant  3 librarians  Police chief  3 reserve police officers  Cleaning staff  2 seasonal employees

Garnavillo has a volunteer fire department, first responder EMR services, a public library, a community center and is home to the Clayton Ridge Community Schools Middle School.

Figure 30: Garnavillo Street Map

Source: IDOT, April 2016

Fiscal and Technical Capabilities Property valuations for the City of Garnavillo were $33,692,930 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $1,684,647 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Garnavillo’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities including bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

A regional Hazard Materials Team is on hand to assist the City of Garnavillo with an event or catastrophe. The Team is operated by the Linn County Hazardous Materials Response Team headquartered in Cedar Rapids. The Team assists Clayton County fire departments with hazard materials emergency procedures. An evacuation plan is also in place in the City of Garnavillo as part of the Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Emergency Operations Plan that can be used in conjunction with activities of the HAZMAT team and the Garnavillo Volunteer Fire department.

The City of Garnavillo maintains three warning sirens (206 E. Chestnut Street, 407 Industrial Road, and 201 N. Main Street) to alert residents of severe weather or other threatening situations. All three sirens can be radio‐activated but none have voice messaging capabilities. The fire station has two fixed backup generators, but the building cannot be used as a tornado safe room. Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Garnavillo.

Water supply for the City of Garnavillo is supplied by two active wells: Well No. 1 located at 101 N. Roosevelt St. and Well No. 6 (there are no active wells numbered from 2 – 5) located at 208 S. Adams St. The combined capacity of both wells is 260 gallons per minute. The city has established wellhead protection for both wells in accordance with Iowa DNR regulations. Water usage averages 45,000 gallons of water per day. The city has two water storage towers with capacities of 200,000 gallons and 35,000 gallons (the latter for maintenance purposes only). The city has a chlorination water treatment plant located at 208 S. Adams Street and at Roosevelt Street. In 2015, a larger pump was installed at the Adams Street facility.

Wastewater treatment for the City of Garnavillo is done with a lagoon system located at 707 S. Lincoln St. There are four lift stations located at 420 W. Clayton St.; 505 S. Main St.; 202 W. Harrison St. and 407 Industrial Road. The lift station on W. Clayton Street will be replaced in 2016 at the same location. It is anticipated that within the next five years, the City of Garnavillo will need to build a new Waste Water Treatment Facility.

The primary Law Enforcement service for the City of Garnavillo is provided by the Garnavillo Police Department, located at 106 E. Chestnut. The telephone number is 563‐964‐2331. The department has a part‐time police chief and three part‐time reserve officers. A 28E agreement for mutual aid exists between all Clayton County Community police departments and the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office.

Fire protection is provided by the Garnavillo Volunteer Fire Department, which will be a new facility at 206 W. Centre Street by 2017. The telephone number is 563‐964‐2373.

Immediate emergency medical service for the City of Garnavillo and surrounding area is provided by trained volunteer EMR members of Garnavillo Volunteer EMR at the first responder level which is a non‐transport service. EMR transport services are provided by the Central Ambulance Service from Elkader, the Mar‐Mac Rescue Squad in Macgregor and the Guttenberg Ambulance Service.

The Clayton County Firemen's Association, of which the Garnavillo Volunteer Fire Department is a member, contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 60 miles away, to provide hazardous materials incident emergency services.

61 Children in Garnavillo attend the Clayton Ridge Community Schools. Facilities are located in Guttenberg (Elementary and High School) and Garnavillo (Middle School). The district also has a pre‐school at the Garnavillo Middle School.

Development Trends Guttenberg Industries expanded into the Garnavillo Industrial Park, but otherwise no new development has occurred. The City is moving into a new fire station.

Existing Plans 2011 ‐ FEMA‐approved Hazard Mitigation Plan 1993‐ Strategic City Plan 1974 – Comprehensive City Plan

The City of Garnavillo is not currently a member of the NFIP.

The City has no structures in the floodplain, no repetitive loss properties and no flood insurance policies in effect.

Figure 31: Flood Plain, City of Garnavillo

Key Issues

62  Transportation Incidents – the main street through Garnavillo is State Highway 52 and there is an ongoing concern with truck traffic and high speeds for all vehicles  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. The city and its public works department makes use of Iowa One Call—800‐292‐ 8989—Contractors and citizens can call before they dig. a. Ongoing 2. The City of Garnavillo has established water well protection for the city’s wells a. Complete 3. The City of Garnavillo has three portable trash pumps a. Complete 4. The Garnavillo Volunteer Fire Department is trained to the Hazardous Materials Operations level and is capable of conducting decontamination operations a. Ongoing 5. The City of Garnavillo has an emergency electrical power generator for its water system a. Ongoing 6. City clerk takes thumb drive home and uses cloud backup to secure city records a. Ongoing 7. The City of Garnavillo has backup generators at all sewer, water and lift stations a. Complete 8. Educate citizens on tornado shelters via the city newsletter a. Ongoing 9. Continue dialog with Crop Production Services (CPS), Staade Propane and other companies who transport hazardous materials through town at high speeds a. Ongoing

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated, when appropriate, into the City’s budget, capital and strategic plans and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Consider NFIP membership 2. Build new Fire Station at 206 W. Centre Street in 2016/17 3. Install wiring for portable backup generator at the Garnavillo Community Center 4. Purchase and install additional warning sirens to ensure sufficient coverage throughout the city 5. Update warning sirens as funding becomes available to add voice messaging 6. Implement storm water drainage plan to alleviate drainage and flooding problems 7. Increase drainage in ditch east of Monroe St. 8. Increase flow under bridge at Centre St and culver under Clayton St 9. Increase conveyance capacity of culverts or decrease elevations of grate inlets

City of Guttenberg

63 History and Overview The City of Guttenberg is located next to the Mississippi River across from Wisconsin and is on US Route 52. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles of which, 2.1 square miles of it is land and 0.04 square miles of it is water.

The City of Guttenberg was first called Prairie La Porte by French explorers in 1673. The name means “the door to the prairie”. The area was used as Sac and Fox campgrounds until 1823. In 1803 The Louisiana Purchase transferred ownership of the area to the United States and it was opened for legal settlement in 1833 following the Black Hawk Purchase. Guttenberg’s riverfront location influenced its early commercial development. Early on the town served as a focal point for westward settlement. It was the county seat between 1838 and 1843. Early businesses in the city included hotels, wagon shops, blacksmith, and general supply stores. The population declined and growth slowed in 1843 following the loss of the county seat. However it was revived in 1845 with an influx of German immigrants. By 1850 the town was nearly all German. The German immigrants built many limestone buildings for both commercial and residential purposes that are still standing today. The city got its name from Johannes Gutenberg, the inventor of movable type. The city served as a supply center for the general area until the Civil War when its role was diminished due to railroads and the road system. The City of Guttenberg incorporated in 1851. Today it is the largest city in Clayton County.

Figure 32: Guttenberg Street Map

Source: City of Guttenberg, ND.

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Guttenberg is governed by a Mayor/Council form of government with five council members and a mayor, all

64 of whom are elected.

Employees include:  City Manager  Assistant Manager/Deputy Clerk  2 Administrative Clerks  7 Public Works  Police Chief  3 Police Officers  3 Reserve Police Officers  Custodian  3 librarians  1 marina worker

Law enforcement for the City of Guttenberg is provided the Guttenberg Police Department. The department is made up of a Police Chief and three Police Officers. Calls for service are routed through the Clayton County Communications Center in Elkader, Iowa. Mutual aid for law enforcement is available through the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office.

The Guttenberg Fire Department encompasses 80 square miles and serves 5,000 people. The Guttenberg Fire Department has been serving its community since May 5, 1882. The department is a public department with all members on volunteer status. It provides firefighting, hazardous materials response, vehicle rescue and extrication, and land and water search and rescue. The Guttenberg Fire Department is staffed with approximately 30 volunteers.

Emergency medical service for the City of Guttenberg is provided by the Guttenberg Ambulance Service headquartered at the Guttenberg Municipal Hospital. The ambulance service is funded by the City of Guttenberg and operated by the Guttenberg Municipal Hospital. The Guttenberg Ambulance Service is the initial primary emergency medical service provider for an approximate 20 square mile area. The service is staffed with 20 volunteers and is a provisional paramedic service.

Disaster and emergency management guidance is provided through the Clayton County Emergency Management Agency. The agency has one full‐time Emergency Management Coordinator and a volunteer deputy coordinator. The agency is directed by the Clayton County Emergency Management Commission which the City of Guttenberg has a representative on.

The City of Guttenberg is served by the Guttenberg Municipal Hospital located at Second and Main Streets. The hospital is a Level 4 Critical Access Trauma Center, has 25 beds and one emergency room.

The Clayton County Emergency Management Commission contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide hazardous materials incident emergency services.

The City of Guttenberg is part of the Clayton Ridge Community School District which also includes the City of Garnavillo. Attendance centers are located in Guttenberg (Elementary and High School) and Garnavillo (Middle School). Clayton Ridge Community School District defines its hazards as the same as the City of Guttenberg, with key issues regarding proximity to railroad tracks and the Mississippi River.

The City of Guttenberg has a city owned and operated water system. The system has three wells and one elevated storage water tower with a capacity of 130,000 gallons. The water system does not have backup power generation or any field protection, surveillance, or security fencing. There is a water reservoir on the bluff that does have a security fence.

65 The City of Guttenberg has a city owned and operated aerated lagoon system. The wastewater treatment system does not have any backup power generation. There are six lift stations located throughout the community.

Figure 33: Flood Plain, City of Guttenberg

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Guttenberg were $138,472,460 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $6,923,623 per Iowa statute. McGregor’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Law enforcement for the City of Guttenberg is provided by Guttenberg Police Department at 502 S. 1st Street. The dispatch telephone number is 563‐245‐2442. The Guttenberg Police Department provides 24 hour service within the city and in the surrounding rural area. The department is staffed by four officers and additional reserve officers. The department also maintains a Bike Patrol and School Resource Officer.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Guttenberg and its emergency responders. The City has an outdoor warning system that is automatically activated by the County’s 911 dispatch center or can be manually activated at the City’s Fire Station. The City’s community shelter location is the fire station. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county.

66 There are 10 flood insurance policies in effect in the City of Guttenberg as of 4/30/2009. The policies insure property valued at $2,082,000 with total annual premiums of $5,853. There have been 4 claims filed against these properties. Payments made on these claims totaled $18,206. The City of Guttenberg receives fire protection from the Guttenberg Fire Department at 210 Pearl Street. The telephone number is 563‐252‐1881. The department is staffed with 33 volunteers and maintains a fleet of 12 vehicles for firefighting and rescue operations. The department is responsible for search and rescue operations also. The fire departments in Clayton County have formed a county‐wide mutual aid agreement, making the services of an additional 12 fire departments available to the city in the event of a major fire or emergency.

The City of Guttenberg funds an ambulance service that is operated out of Guttenberg Municipal Hospital. The Guttenberg Ambulance Service is staffed with 20 volunteers and covers approximately 20 square miles.

Contacts for EMR providers for the City of Guttenberg are through Guttenberg Ambulance Service at 200 Main Street, P.O. Box 550. The telephone number is 563‐252‐1121 The City of Guttenberg maintains three warning sirens to alert residents of severe weather or other threatening situations. One of the sirens is an antiquated unit; the other was installed six years ago and does not have voice transmission capabilities.

The City of Guttenberg has a 10,400 feet long levee fronting the Mississippi River on the city’s east side from Main Street to Marina Road, and from Access Road to the south boat ramp, along US Highway 52. The levee was constructed in 1973 to withstand a 100‐year recurrent flood. The levee is currently undergoing inspection and accreditation by USACE. The city also has a 90 foot concrete flood wall, two closure structures, two pumping stations and 12 ponding areas/interceptor ditches.

Lock and Dam No. 10 operated by USACE at Guttenberg is also instrumental in regulating water levels in the area.

A flood gauge is maintained at Lock and Dam No. 10 and read daily. River flood stage in Guttenberg begins at 15 feet.

In order to remain a member of the National Flood Insurance Program, the community has adopted and enforces a Floodplain Ordinance which is regulates what type of construction, if any, can occur in identified flood hazard areas. By doing so, property owners in the community are eligible to purchase flood insurance on property within the city limits, regardless of whether they are actually in an identified floodplain. The Guttenberg Municipal Building has been opened for citizens in emergency situations; however it does not have full back up power capabilities and would not be acceptable for public shelter during an event requiring access to city and emergency services. The city currently relies on the American Red Cross of the Tri‐States Chapter and the assistance of local volunteer organizations to establish and operate shelter locations when necessary.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA approved Clayton County Hazard Mitigation Plan. 1984 – NFIP CIP 190077

Key Issues  The Army Corps is in the process of developing an emergency plan for the area. Clayton Ridge School is right on the Lock and provides unique mitigation concerns regarding a dam breech, flooding and terrorism.  Flash Flood at Miner’s Creek which is a low‐lying area and there is a lot of drainage or run off from the development on Bluff Street.  Acres Street has no curb and gutter. It has ditches built in, but concern over inability for heavy rainfalls or snowmelts to drain efficiently.

67  Access to Abel and Essman Island are a concern, even though they are not in the city limits. If Island Emergency Road is blocked by trains, no emergency vehicles can get to the island. The city does own three boats and could access by water if necessary.  Spill control tubes will contain spill or floods  Landslides – FEMA has been to the city and has had to assist. In 2013, the city was awarded FEMA money from a rain event. The money funded some of the cleanup, stabilization and repaired a trail. Baskets to catch debris were added and retaining walls on Bluff Street, River Road and the north hillside out of town were added.  Transportation is a significant concern with 13 railroad crossings in the city and at least eight trains per day passing through. Canadian Pacific Railroad wants some of the crossings shutdown. The Guttenberg City Council is considering shutting down 1‐3. Canadian Pacific and the IDOT have installed signal gates on four of the crossings. Police, fire, and the hospital are all on same side of the tracks. The police department has contacted dispatch for trains if ambulance is trying to get through to the western side of town and beyond, but it remains a key issue.  Sewer system was built in the 1940s and there is concern over general failure and costly updates as well as infiltration.  Hail Storm and Tornadoes – the entire jurisdiction is subject to hail and tornado.  Transportation Incidents – the main street through Garnavillo is State Highway 52 and there is an ongoing concern with truck traffic and high speeds for all vehicles  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. In 2011, the city spent $2 million on easements and removed trees within 15’ of basin. a. Complete and pipes from Riverview & Main streets to River Road were videoed to make certain everything had been cleared from system. 2. All trees were removed from dike area to prevent debris build up. a. Complete 3. In 2015, new railroad closure on south end of the city with a “rubber fender”. a. Complete 4. Vegetation and rodents removed from floodwall a. Ongoing 5. Levee inspection has been done by Army Corps. FEMA Accreditation in process. a. In process 6. IIW Engineers were contacted in December 2015 to work with the city on seepage issues. a. Complete 7. Park Side Flood Station drain tile placed under water. a. Complete 8. Update local emergency operation plan a. Will update contact list for emergency operation plan 9. Emergency Disaster Response Training a. Ongoing 10. Encourage City of Guttenberg residents to have Disaster Supply Kits on hand to be used in the event of a disaster event a. Ongoing 11. Improve public awareness of hazardous risks

68 a. Ongoing 12. Promote NOAA weather radio use a. Ongoing 13. Purchase gas or diesel powered electric generators a. Ongoing – in the capital plan to purchase natural gas generators 14. Designate and develop community shelters a. The school, municipal building and St. John’s Church have been designated as shelters 15. Update flood map a. Complete 16. Install rip‐rap a. Ongoing as needed 17. Purchase trash (standby) pump a. Complete 18. Survey flood control ditches and basins and bring volumes and elevations to original expectations a. Ongoing 19. Establish storm shelters for mobile home parks and marinas a. Shelters identified in emergency plan (14a) 20. Install new fire hydrants a. Ongoing 21. Install dry hydrants in marina a. Installed in North Marina 22. Support EMS training a. Ongoing 23. Install GPS units in emergency vehicles a. In fire department and on squad cars and on cell phones 24. Encourage construction of tornado safe rooms in homes, businesses, schools, etc. a. Ongoing 25. Educate the public on proper steps to be taken in the event of a tornado/high wind event and methods of preparation before an event occurs a. Ongoing 26. Develop alternative energy sources a. Ongoing 27. Develop plans to address utility outages and emergencies a. Complete 28. Prepare/Implement mass casualty incident plans a. Ongoing 29. Encourage citizen use/purchase of smoke detectors a. Ongoing 30. Fire department training a. Ongoing 31. Establish good neighborhood programs for winter storms a. Ongoing 32. Continue membership in the NFIP a. Ongoing 33. Install signalized railroad crossings a. Incomplete – needs to be done by the railroad or IDOT 34. Purchase new pagers for fire department a. Ongoing as needed 35. Purchase new fire trucks a. Complete

36. Purchase larger rescue boat into service

69 a. Complete 37. Bury utility lines a. Not city policy – only as necessary 38. Water main loops a. Ongoing 39. Water main replacement a. Ongoing 40. Review security of critical facilities in the city a. Ongoing 41. Install surveillance cameras a. Ongoing

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget, comprehensive plan, and council budget, planning, and strategy meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue 1. Put a fence around the water tower, well heads and water treatment facility to protect the sites. Planned for 2016. 2. Generators are needed at the municipal building, for two flood pumps, the lift station and at the third well for emergency power. 3. Purchase new siren warning systems to replace two that are more than 40 years old and activated by the sheriff’s office. There is one siren on the bluff residential area that is eleven years old and has voice capabilities and remote activation. As the community grows, the city will also need to purchase new sirens to expand coverage. 4. Fulfill all requirements from FEMA for levee accreditation. 5. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance and update floodplain ordinances.

City of Luana History and Overview The City of Luana, Iowa is located on one square mile of land in Monona Township in Northwest Clayton County. Luana is located in an area once inhabited by several Indian tribes. The first building on the sight of what was to become the town of Luana was in an Inn used as a rest location for the soldiers guarding supplies being transported between Fort Crawford in Wisconsin and Fort Atkinson in Winneshiek County. This was in 1848. The town of Luana was officially named in 1864 when the post office was established. The town was named for Luana (Harvey) Scott, the wife of William S Scott, the first settler of the area. The town of Luana was mapped out by Scott and was surveyed in 1867.

70 Figure 34: Luana Street Map

Source: City of Luana, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The city is governed by one mayor and five council members all of whom are elected. City employees include:  part‐time city administrator  full‐time public works supervisor  part‐time public works

The primary Law Enforcement service for the City of Luana is provided by the Clayton County Sheriff's Office.

The City of Luana receives fire protection from the Luana Volunteer Fire Department, located at 212 Main Street. The department provides fire protection and first responder EMR services to both the City of Luana and a neighboring 40 square mile rural area. The fire departments in Clayton County have formed a county‐wide mutual aid agreement, making the services of an additional 12 fire departments available to the city in the event of a major fire or emergency.

EMRs and EMTs and paramedics with the MFL Ambulance Service and Monona Ambulance Service respond to any trauma or medical emergency.

The Central Community Hospital at 901 Davidson Street in Elkader and the Crossing Rivers Hospital at 37868 US Highway 18 in Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin, are the most immediate medical treatment facilities. Both are approximately 25 miles away.

Water supply for the City of Luana is supplied by two active wells located at 317 Old Highway 18 and US Highway 52. The capacity of the well is 220 gallons per minute. The city has established wellhead protection for the well in accordance with Iowa DNR regulations. Water usage averages 15,000 gallons of water per day. A second well was added with a backup generator at 400 Burgess Street. The city has a 5,000 gallon water storage reservoir and a chlorination/phosphate water treatment plant.

Wastewater treatment for the City of Luana is done with a two‐lagoon system located at the northeast corner or the city. The system has one lift station. Maximum capacity of the system is 33,000 gallons per day.

71 The Clayton County Firemen's Association, of which the Luana Volunteer Fire Department is a member, contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 60 miles away, to provide hazardous materials incident emergency services.

Students in the City of Luana attend the MFL MarMac Community School District. Attendance centers are located in Monona (PreK‐3 Elementary and 9‐12 High School) and McGregor (4‐5 Intermediate and 6‐8 Middle School).

The City of Luana has no repetitive loss properties and there are currently no structures in the flood zone of the city limits that would be vulnerable to the effects of flooding. While there are areas that show in the FEMA DFIRM map below, the HMPC noted that these were unnamed dry creeks and there are no structures in these areas.

The Canadian Pacific Railroad has a line which runs through Luana and averages five trains daily.

72 Figure 35: Flood Plain, City of Luana

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Luana were $15,742,840 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $787,142. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Luana’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes, and grants.

Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county.

The City of Luana has one warning siren to alert residents of severe weather or other threatening situations. The siren does not have voice messaging capabilities.

Development Trends The City of Luana had a new residential subdivision in the south east end of town and city infrastructure was added. No other new development is anticipated in the near future.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan 2011 – NFIP membership.

73 doing so, property owners in the community are eligible to purchase flood insurance on property within the city limits, regardless of whether they are actually in an identified floodplain

Key Issues  Rail Incidents – the Canadian Pacific rail line runs the length of Luana and has several trains per day, with dozens of cars. The HMPC noted concern over derailments and hazardous content  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. Develop local emergency operations plan a. Ongoing 2. Emergency/disaster response training a. Ongoing 3. Improve public awareness of hazardous risks a. Ongoing 4. Encourage City of Luana residents to have Disaster Supply Kits on hand to be used in the event of a disaster event a. Ongoing 5. Promote NOAA weather radios use a. Ongoing 6. Purchase gas or diesel powered electric generators a. Purchased a generator 2014 from US Army. Wiring needs to be updated. It is not operable at this time. 7. Develop alternative energy sources a. Ongoing 8. Support EMS training a. Ongoing 9. Install new siren warning system a. Have applied for FEMA grant, but have not received funding. 10. Designate and develop community shelters a. The basement of the local bank and the old school have been designated as shelters in the event of in climate weather. 11. Construct new water tower a. City officials decided that the new well added in 2014 is sufficient to manage any fires and that a new water tower is not necessary. 12. Continue storm spotter training a. Ongoing 13. Educate the public on proper steps to be taken in the event of a tornado/high wind event and methods of preparation before an event occurs. a. Ongoing 14. Encourage citizen use/purchase of smoke detectors a. Ongoing 15. Install new fire hydrants a. Dry hydrant installed outside of town to the north about three miles. Other new hydrants have been added as the town grows. Existing hydrants are checked regularly and kept in good working order. 16. Construct new wastewater lift stations with generator

74 a. Have not done yet, but still on list when finances are available 17. Construct new well a. Completed 2014 18. Conduct training seminars on HAZMAT railroad spills a. Ongoing 19. Establish good neighborhood programs for winter storms a. Ongoing 20. Fire department training a. Ongoing 21. Install signalized railroad crossings a. Complete fall 2015 22. Inspect railroad tracks a. Ongoing by Canadian Pacific 23. Investigate/identify alternative water sources for fire suppression a. New well 2014 24. Maintain well equipped and well trained fire departments capable of effective response a. Ongoing 25. New Firefighter PPE a. Purchased 17 new sets in 2015 26. Purchase SCBA a. Nine new tanks purchased. 27. Join the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) a. Became a member in 2011 28. Purchase standby pumps a. Not at this time. No longer a mitigation priority. Debris management with the city and Alliant Energy and do not need pumps at this time. 29. Continue HAZMAT agreement a. Ongoing 30. Continue to cooperate with local medical facilities and Health Department officials to increase the likelihood of detection and proper response a. Ongoing 31. Develop and enhance response plans for terrorism incident a. Ongoing 32. Improve emergency responder and public awareness of animal disease hazard risks a. Ongoing

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council budget and strategic planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Either rewire portable generator purchased from US Army to make it usable in the United States or purchase new portable generator for critical facilities 2. Purchase new warning siren systems to replace old siren and to ensure expanded coverage. 3. Build a new fire station to provide for growing city 4. Consider cloud backup for city documents 5. Continue to remain NFIP compliant and update flood zone ordinances.

75 City of Marquette History and Overview Marquette was first discovered in June 1673 by Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet. Marquette was first incorporated May 12, 1874 and served as a railroad terminus for its southern neighbor, McGregor. Marquette boasted the first all rail route between the Twin Cities and Chicago. Initially trains had to be ferried across the mighty Mississippi River between Marquette and Prairie du Chien. This ended in 1860 when Prairie du Chien businessman John Lawler had a permanent pontoon bridge built connecting both cities rail lines. This pontoon bridge was the largest of its kind in the world and by 1920; Marquette was the largest railroad terminus in Iowa and employed over 400 workers. The passenger rail continued until 1961 when the pontoon bridge closed due to expensive maintenance fees. It was dismantled and moved to La Crosse, Wisconsin. The last passenger trains stopped in 1960, ending 93 years of passenger service to Marquette. In 1932, a car suspension bridge was constructed crossing the Mississippi River. Before the bridge construction connecting Iowa and Wisconsin, riverboat ferries were used to transport vehicles and people across the Mississippi River. This suspension bridge was dismantled in 1975, upon completion of the Marquette‐Joliet Bridge in November 1974. In 1896 and 1916, disastrous floods destroyed much of the City of Marquette and its railroad. Flood struck again in 1965, with the highest river stage of the century at 25.4 feet surrounding the entire town of Marquette. Damages were quickly fixed and the community continued to prosper. According to the corrected 2000 census information, Marquette noted a population of 476. The current locally maintained census places the city’s population at 479. Because of its colorful history and location beside the Mississippi River, the city has become a popular summer tourist destination. Today, the city’s economy is highly dependent upon the Lady Luck Casino in Marquette and the City of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, across the Mississippi River.

76 Figure 36: Marquette Street Map

Source: IDOT, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Marquette is governed by one mayor and five council members all of whom are elected. City employees include:  City Manager  Clerk/Treasurer  Office Assistant  Street Superintendent  Water/Sewer Superintendent

The City of Marquette is served by State Highway 76 and US Highway 18. Iowa DOT statistics indicate the highways are traveled by an estimated 3,300 vehicles daily. Also located in the City of Marquette is the US Highway 18 Bridge over the Mississippi River.

The Canadian Pacific Railroad (doing business as the DM & E Railroad) has three main lines and two spur lines

77 which pass up to 24 trains a day through the City of Marquette.

Water supply for the City of Marquette is supplied by two active wells, Well #3 at 221 South Street and Well #4 at 108 Natures Drive. Well head protection in accordance with Iowa DNR requirements has been established for both wells. Water usage averages 60,000 gallons of water per day. The city has two steel water reservoirs holding a maximum of 218,000 gallons of water and uses a chlorination system at its water treatment plant. Water treatment takes place at both wells. The plant does have stand‐by emergency electrical power generators. The City of Marquette’s Public Works Director manages the city’s Water Department.

The City of Marquette’s wastewater treatment facility was constructed in 2003 and is located at 515 Highway 18, Marquette. The facility uses an activated sludge treatment process. The City of Marquette’s Public Works Director manages the city’s Wastewater Department.

Law enforcement for the City of Marquette is provided by the Mar‐Mac Unified Law Enforcement District. The district provides law enforcement services to both the Marquette and McGregor communities. The district maintains a full‐time Chief of Police, two full‐time patrol officers, an administrative secretary and a contingent of four reserve officers. A 28E agreement for mutual aid exists between the Mar‐Mac Unified Law Enforcement District and the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office.

The City of Marquette receives fire protection from the McGregor Hook and Ladder Company No. 1. The department is fully incorporated and maintains its own board of directors. It provides fire protection services to both the communities of Marquette and McGregor. The department is staffed with 30 volunteer firefighters and maintains a fleet of 7 vehicles for firefighting and rescue operations. The department averages 30 alarms per year in the city and the surrounding rural district. The fire departments in Clayton County have formed a county‐wide mutual aid agreement, making the services of an additional 12 fire departments available to the city in the event of a major fire or emergency.

Emergency medical service for the City of Marquette is provided by the Mar‐Mac Rescue Squad, headquartered in the McGregor Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 Fire Station.

The Squad provides emergency medical transport services for the cities of Marquette and McGregor and the surrounding rural area. The Squad is the initial primary emergency medical service provider for the 48 square mile area of the emergency response district. The service is staffed with volunteer ambulance drivers and emergency medical responders. The service responds to an average of 210 calls for service a year.

Crossing Rivers Hospital in Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin is the closest hospital.

The Clayton County Firemen's Association, of which the McGregor Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 is a member, contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 60 miles away, to provide hazardous materials incident emergency services.

Students in the City of Marquette attend the MFL MarMac Community School District. Attendance centers are located in Monona (PreK‐3 Elementary and 9‐12 High School) and McGregor (4‐5 Intermediate and 6‐8 Middle School).

78 Figure 37: Flood Plain, City of Marquette

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Marquette were $36,722,617 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $1,836,131 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Marquette’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Marquette and its emergency responders. The City has an outdoor warning system that is automatically activated by the County’s 911 dispatch center or can be manually activated at the City’s Fire Station. The City’s community shelter location is the fire station. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county.

Development Trends The City of Marquette has experienced growth in residential areas, city buildings and a new hotel. Much of the city’s development can be related to the gambling industry and revenues as well as the city’s proximity to development in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin which is directly across the river.

79 Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan. 2008 – Storm Water Management Plan 1972 – NIFP. CID 195182

As of February 29, 2016, there were 4 flood insurance policies in affect covering $1,772,000 worth of property in the City of Marquette. Annual premium on these properties amounted to $2,332.

Since January 1, 1978, there have been 2 insurance claims for flood damage in the City of Marquette. All totaled, $27,377 in property damage payments were made.

The State of Iowa DNR reports that the City of Marquette has no repetitive loss properties.

Key Issues

 Landslides present a significant hazard to the City of Marquette also. The city is surrounded on three sides by steep bluffs. The majority of the town, both residential and commercial is located at the base of the bluffs. The remainder of the city’s homes are built on shelves or tiers on the side of the bluffs. Hence, all structures in the city are vulnerable to the effects of a mudslide.  All structures of the City of Marquette are vulnerable to the effects of a tornado and hazardous materials events. The Timber Ridge residential area (16 homes as of 2016) is particularly susceptible as it is situated on the top of a ridge with few trees protecting it.  Transportation and Railroad Incidents remain a significant concern for the City of Marquette. The City of Marquette exists because of rail traffic that goes both East and West and North and South with a transfer in the City. Grain, anhydrous ammonia, ethanol, crude oil is all transported through Marquette. Canadian Pacific is in charge of the condition of the tracks and the changing of crews. There is concern that the crossings are blocked for a long period of time due to the length and frequency of trains, as well as the crew changes which require extra time.  River flood occurs nearly every year in the area due to the large watersheds and the Mississippi River.  Flash floods occur frequently as well due to melting snow off of the surrounding limestone bluffs.  Transportation Incidents – the main street through Garnavillo is State Highway 52 and there is an ongoing concern with truck traffic and high speeds for all vehicles  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Activities

Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions 1. Develop local emergency operations plan a. Ongoing effort with the casino, Fire and Rescue and the City of Marquette with Lady Luck Casino under construction

2. Emergency/disaster response training

80 a. Ongoing. Increased interest with resurgences of the increased hazardous commodities coming through the city by rail 3. Encourage City of Marquette residents to have Disaster Supply Kits on hand to be used in the event of a disaster a. Ongoing, have had planning meetings 4. Improve public awareness of hazardous risks a. Ongoing through newspaper articles, etc. 5. Promote NOAA Weather Radio use a. Ongoing, but most residents now have cell phones, internet, etc. 6. Purchase gas or diesel powered electric generators a. Complete. McGregor Hook & Ladder purchased from Ft. McCoy 7. Develop debris disposal site a. Ongoing; have contract with Waste Management 8. Establish storm watershed district a. RC&D group is handling. Nothing more for city to do 9. Implement recommendations from watershed study a. Study hasn’t been done yet 10. Install siren warning system a. Additional sirens were purchased with the assistance of FEMA grant monies in 2013. The city now has two sirens with voice messaging capabilities. 11. Purchase trash pump a. Complete 12. Build drainage culverts a. Depends on the outcome of the watershed study 13. Clear and deepen ditches a. Depends on the outcome of the watershed study 14. Construct storm water drainage a. Depends on the outcome of the watershed study 15. Designate and develop community shelters a. Nothing has been done as of yet and there are no tornado safe rooms in the schools in Marquette or in the casino. 16. Elevate levees a. Completed in 2011. $2.5 million project. Earthen floodwalls adjacent of the streets. FEMA did an excellent job. One levee study to still be done. Now 3’ high and topped with sandbags if necessary. 17. Implement Channel Improvement Project a. City built on level ground on Pleasant Ridge but still need approximately $4 million to complete. Grants applied for through WIRB grants. 18. Monitor existing floodgates a. Ongoing 19. Continue membership in the NFIP a. Ongoing 20. Encourage construction of tornado safe rooms in homes, businesses, etc. a. Ongoing 21. Educate the public on proper steps to be taken in the event of a tornado/high wind event and methods of preparation before an event occurs a. Ongoing 22. Engineering study for road bypass construction project a. In process at this time. Working on evacuation routes. 23. Update flood maps a. Completed 2010 24. Adopt building codes that regulate construction in landslide areas

a. Has not yet been done

81 25. Develop plans to address utility outages and emergencies a. City works closely with electrical supplier 26. Develop soil erosion stabilization projects a. Not at this time 27. Establish good neighborhood programs for winter storms a. Ongoing 28. Install rip‐rap a. Ongoing as needed 29. Work with United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to ensure levee inspections are completed and the necessary repairs are made a. Completed in 2011. Helped rebuild and sustain 30. Conduct training seminars on HAZMAT railroad spills a. Done at the county level 31. Improve condition of railroad crossings a. Completed and continue to monitor. Crossings were widened and resurfaced through working with IDOT for those that cross highway. 32. Install signalized railroad crossings a. Complete 33. Maintain a list of sites that could be used as public cooling shelters during extreme heat events a. The Community Center is available, although there is no generator 34. Three floodgates to protect the city are in place: Brown Street, 1995; Mississippi river front in 2006; and Bloody run in 1996. a. Complete 35. Two retention basins are in place to protect the city from flooding between Brown Street and South Street. a. Complete

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget, comprehensive plan and council budgeting, planning and strategy meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Purchase generator and install wiring for Community Center 2. Implement flood mitigation actions based on outcome of Watershed Study 3. Monitor existing warning sirens and add sirens as needed to provide adequate coverage for the city 4. Implement findings from engineering study for road bypass construction and evacuation route 5. Continue to maintain NFIP compliance and update floodplain ordinances

City of McGregor History and Overview McGregor was founded as MacGregor’s Landing in 1847 by Alexander MacGregor who had been operating a ferry across the Mississippi river between Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin since 1837. MacGregor planned the new city as a six block development. It was quickly populated and incorporated as McGregor in 1857. In that same year, the Milwaukee & Mississippi Railroad finished building a railroad track from Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, thus connecting Lake Michigan with the Mississippi River by rail. McGregor quickly became a major commercial center, and served as a hub where grain from Iowa and Minnesota could be transported across the Mississippi and sent on to Milwaukee via railroad. More railroads were built to connect McGregor with cities further west, and the city of North McGregor (now Marquette, Iowa) was established just north of the city to serve as the city’s railroad terminus. After reaching McGregor from the west, trains were disassembled and railroad cars were ferried across the Mississippi to continue on towards Lake Michigan. During the 1870s, the population of McGregor exploded to over 5,500 as the city became the busiest shipping port west of Chicago. In 1874, the system of ferrying railroad cars across the river between

82 North McGregor and Prairie du Chien was brought to an end and the city’s population began to decline. Today the city’s history is preserved in its downtown business district, which contains many buildings constructed during the city’s boom years. Because of its colorful history and location beside the Mississippi River, the city has become a popular summer tourist destination.

Figure 38: McGregor Street Map

Source: IDOT, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of McGregor is governed by a Mayor/Council form of government with five council members and a mayor, all of whom are elected. City employees include:  full‐time professional city administrator/clerk responsible for zoning administration and floodplain management  clerical assistant  billing clerk  street superintendent  assistant wastewater/streets person  plant/water operator

83  utility foreman  lineman  utility office administrator  police chief  librarian  2 assistant librarians

Law enforcement for the City of McGregor is provided by the Mar‐Mac Unified Law Enforcement District. The district provides law enforcement services to both the McGregor and Marquette communities. A 28E agreement for mutual aid exists between the Mar‐Mac Unified Law Enforcement District and the Clayton County Sheriff’s Office. This agreement allows for cross coverage between the two entities as each situation dictates.

The City of McGregor receives fire protection from the McGregor Hook and Ladder Company No. 1. The department is fully incorporated and maintains its own board of directors. It provides fire protection services to both the communities of McGregor and Marquette.

Emergency medical service for the City of McGregor is provided by the Mar‐Mac Rescue Squad, headquartered in the McGregor Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 Fire Station. The Squad is the initial primary emergency medical service provider for the 48 square mile area of the emergency response district.

Crossing Rivers Health Center in Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin is the most immediate medical treatment facility. Students in the City of McGregor attend the MFL MarMac Community School District. Attendance centers are located in Monona (PreK‐3 Elementary and 9‐12 High School) and McGregor (4‐5 Intermediate and 6‐8 Middle School).

84 Figure 39: Flood Plain, City of McGregor

Fiscal and Technical Capabilities Property valuations for the City of McGregor were $56,428,736 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $2,821,437 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. McGregor fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of McGregor and its emergency responders. The City has five outdoor warning sirens with two located in the city. McGregor Hook & Ladder has agreement to maintain and check sirens. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT team in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to provide technician‐level incident response throughout the county.

Water supply for the City of McGregor is supplied by two active wells, one drilled to 600 feet deep on 105 Eagle Drive (#7) and the other drilled to 111 feet deep that is on 118 Main Street (#6). Water usage averages 70,000 gallons of water per day. The city has an above ground covered bluff‐top water reservoir which holds a maximum of 297,000 gallons of water. Well field protection to a distance of 200 feet in accordance with DNR standards has been established for the well on Eagle Drive. Well field protection is impractical for Well # 6 due to its location in the city’s business district. Both wells have chlorination water treatment. The City of McGregor’s Water Operator manages and maintains the city’s water supply system. The city also has an above ground storage tank on Eagle drive that holds approximately 25,000 gallons.

Wastewater treatment for the City of McGregor is done by a sequential batch reactor plant located along the Mississippi River at 147 River Road. It was constructed in 1990 and upgraded in 2002. The sewer collection system is old and subject to much infiltration. The system is overwhelmed by severe floods of the Mississippi River exceeding the 20' river stage.

The City of McGregor maintains its own electrical power generating plant that was built in 1941. The plant is capable of providing electrical power to the entire city and all of the city’s facilities in times of power outages. Total electrical generating capacity of the plant is 2.0 MW. The plant has three generators installed in 1941, 1955 and 1977. The plant is used routinely during peak power usage situations to supplement electrical power to the city. The plant is located in the flood plain of the city, but it is protected by a concrete flood wall.

Development Trends The City of McGregor sees considerable revenue from tourism related to the Mississippi River, the nearby Pike’s Peak State Park, and gambling casinos. There is an ongoing change in merchants and restaurants, but there has been no new development within recent years.

Existing Plans 2012 – Comprehensive Smart Plan 2011 – FEMA‐approved Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan 2011 – DFIRM CIP 190072 1972 – NFIP membership 1970 – Land Use Pan

As of June 30, 2008, there were 40 flood insurance policies in affect covering $5,248,500 worth of property in the City of McGregor. Annual premium on these properties amounted to $31,711.

Since January 1, 1978, there have been 17 insurance claims for flood damage in the City of McGregor. All totaled, $81,780 in property damage payments were made.

The City of McGregor has one repetitive loss property that amounted to $3,846.31.

Key Issues  The City of McGregor adopted a land use plan in 1970. The plan has not been updated.  Transportation Incident ‐ The Canadian Pacific Railroad has a line that runs through McGregor. The line averages 5 trains per day with a maximum of 7 per day. Also concern with how people would be evacuated from the city in the event of a derailment  River Flood and Flash Flood – The City of McGregor has 103 structures that are located within flood zones A and B. These structures include 54 classified as residential and 49 others including commercial, storage and public or municipal facilities. Among the public facilities in the flood plain are: McGregor Municipal Utilities; McGregor Sewage Treatment Plant; Well No. 6; McGregor City Hall; McGregor Fire Station; McGregor Public Library; McGregor Museum and the Riverfront Park Shelter House.  Levee Failure – The City of McGregor has undertaken some measures to mitigate the impact of floods on the community. Most notable is a 1,500 feet US Army Corps of Engineers levee constructed in 1969 along Front Street. The levee was designed to withstand 100 year recurrent flood waters from the Mississippi River. It protects 103 residential, commercial and municipal structures. The city has also constructed a flood wall around the McGregor Municipal Utilities plant. The Siegele Dam, Pike’s Peak Dam and Slaughter Dam were constructed to create storm and flood water retention basins to protect the city in 1939. Two additional dams were built by the City of McGregor to create retention basins in an area known as Methodist Hollow. The City of McGregor is continuing to pursue further flood mitigation efforts.

86  Landslide – Within areas of the City of McGregor that have the possibility of being affected by a landslide there are 40 residential and 25 commercial properties.  Hail Storms and Tornado and Hazardous Materials ‐ All structures of the City of McGregor are vulnerable to the effects of a hailstorm, tornado and hazardous materials events. Numerous scenarios and potential outcomes are possible with such events, ranging from slight damage to total devastation of the community.  The City of McGregor maintains its own electrical power generating plant that was built in 1941. The McGregor Municipal Utilities plant is capable of providing electrical power to the entire city and all of the city’s facilities in times of power outages. Total electrical generating capacity of the plant is 2.0 MW. The plant has three generators installed in 1941, 1955 and 1977. The plant is used routinely during peak power usage situations to supplement electrical power to the city. The plant is located in the flood plain of the city, but it is protected by a concrete flood wall.  Extreme Heat and Severe Winter Storms – The City of McGregor has unofficially designated the MFL MarMac Middle School with an estimated capacity of 300 people and St. Mary’s Catholic Church with a capacity of 100 people as emergency shelters for the city. The city currently relies on the American Red Cross of the Tri‐States Chapter and the assistance of local volunteer organizations to establish and operate shelter locations when necessary.  Hazardous Materials – Grain Elevators, underground gasoline storage, oil or ethanol train derailments, towboat barges with flammable materials are all possibilities for the City of McGregor.

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

1. The City of McGregor continues to work with the Army Corps of Engineers on a levee maintenance program and repairing damages to the city’s levee. a. Ongoing 2. The city and its public works department make use of Iowa One Call—800‐292‐ 8989—Contractors and citizens can call before they dig. a. Ongoing 3. The City of McGregor has a floodplain ordinance regulating development in the 100‐year flood zone areas. a. Complete 4. The City of McGregor has established water well protection for the city’s wells a. Ongoing 5. The existence of a FIRM map for the City of McGregor since 1975 a. Ongoing 6. A flood gauge for McGregor is maintained at the United States Geological Service station on the Mississippi River. Minor flooding begins at 16 feet a. Complete 7. The City of McGregor has several trash pumps available for use in emergency situations a. Complete 8. Continue HAZMAT agreements and support regional HAZMAT teams. a. Ongoing 9. Establish ordinance to require fire extinguishers in multi‐family units. a. Has not yet been completed. 10. Purchase new pagers for fire department a. Pagers have been purchased but will be ongoing to replace as needed 11. Purchase new pumper truck a. Complete 12. Encourage citizen use/purchase of smoke detectors

87 a. Ongoing 13. Encourage purchase of NOAA weather radios by vulnerable populations a. Ongoing 14. Limit development in flood plain areas. a. Ongoing 15. Continue membership in the NFIP a. Ongoing 16. Update Flood Maps a. Complete 17. Establish storm watershed district a. Need to work with State of Iowa to cooperate in developing places to control run off from park property 18. Purchase portable water pumps a. Complete 19. Hydrology study for storm sewer system a. Water Service Department needs to continue to upgrade aged water and sewer lines to promote healthy drinking water and prevent inflow and infiltration. 20. Elevate Levees a. Dirt was added in 2012‐13. Monitoring needs to continue. 21. Construct Drainage Culverts a. Continue to improve/FEMA grant 22. Flood protection for Main Street City Well and McGregor Public Library a. Still needs to be done 23. Purchase portable barricades a. Ongoing. Have a lot of them, but will continue to add as needed. 24. Training for floodplain manager a. Ongoing 25. Construct additional retention basins a. In process 26. Bury utility lines in areas prone to outages from trees hitting lines a. This still needs to be done by MMU 27. Educate the public on proper steps to be taken in the event of a tornado/high wind event and methods of preparation before an event occurs. a. Complete 28. Wireless internet capabilities for law enforcement vehicles a. Complete with updates occurring as needed 29. Purchase portable gas or diesel electric generators a. Ongoing as needed 30. Prepare/implement mass casualty incident plans a. In process 31. Encourage construction of tornado safe rooms in homes, businesses, etc. a. Ongoing 32. Designate and develop community shelters a. St. Mary’s Catholic Church was offered as a cooling station 33. Develop plans to address utility outages and emergencies a. MMU has an Electric Transmission and Distribution Inspection and Maintenance Plan that is

88 revised every ten years and submitted to the Iowa Utilities Board. Most recent plan was October 2015 34. Develop alternative energy sources a. Ongoing, including wind 35. Establish good neighborhood programs for winter storms a. Ongoing 36. Continue to work with United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to ensure levee inspections are completed and the necessary repairs are made a. Ongoing 37. Develop system for monitoring dams during heavy rains a. Inspected regularly by the IDNR 38. Develop evacuation plan for threatened areas in the event of flood or dam failure a. Needs to be completed 39. Establish spillways on top of dams a. In process with FEMA grant. 40. Review and improve security at critical facilities in the city a. Ongoing. There is no fence or security around water treatment facility at MMU. 41. Develop and enhance response plans for terrorism incidents a. Needs to be completed 42. Maintain a well‐trained a viable police department in order to identify and respond to potential threats and events a. Ongoing 43. Maintain a well‐equipped and well trained fire department in order to provide proper response in the event of a terrorist event a. Ongoing 44. Develop/maintain security at water treatment plants a. Ongoing. There is no fence or security at the Waste Water Treatment Facility. 45. Adopt building codes that regulate construction in landslide areas a. Not a priority at this time. Not places to build in those areas. 46. Develop soil erosion stabilization projects a. Need to continue. Very costly. 47. Complete local mitigation plan a. Complete 48. Support EMS Training a. Ongoing 49. Install PVC to replace existing sewer lines a. C Street ‐ $1 million project completed. System televised for future projects. 50. Develop county‐wide building code/inspector services a. Complete 51. Encourage City of McGregor residents to have Disaster Supply Kits on hand to be used in the event of a disaster event. a. Complete 52. Purchase fire vehicles and city vehicles as necessary to maintain service a. In 2015 the city purchased a new fire truck and a used truck with plow for snow removal. Replaced sander and loader were purchased in 2016.

89 Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning/budget/strategic meetings and to the McGregor Comprehensive Smart Plan.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. The city of McGregor has five dams located outside of the city limits and are adding three more to slow and control watershed runoff. 2. Continue debris removal to prevent storms sewers from filling and use pumps to remove excess water. 3. Purchase backup power generator for the Waste Water Treatment Facility, Well #7, Well #6, and other critical facilities. 4. Elevate or add protection to lift stations and pump at lift stations. 5. Valves on storm sewers should be checked routinely to keep river water out. Some valves should be replaced. 6. Continue to monitor potential landslide areas, as the city is surrounded by bluffs. Most of the property surrounding McGregor is state owned and the city cannot clear or remove debris. 7. Water and Sewer Department need to continue to upgrade aged water and sewer lines to promote healthy drinking water and prevent inflow and infiltration. 8. Continue to monitor storm sewers that drain into rivers and creates silt of shallow spots that cause backups and drainage issues. 9. Monitor sinkholes that are created by antiquated storm sewer lines that have historic underground tunnels. They need to be managed and cared for so the entire system does not collapse. 10. Install security at critical facilities, such as a fence around the waste water treatment facility. 11. Work with Canadian Pacific to increase safety in the city. Rail at the foot of Main Street at rail crossing was raised to prevent flooding, but should have crossing arms and lights at the same intersection to increase safety. 12. Continue to upgrade and purchase outdoor warning systems to ensure that the citizens are provided adequate coverage. 13. Establish an Evacuation Plan for the City in the event of a train derailment or other hazard. 14. Develop methods of alternate access for to the Heights and to the Well House as trucks cannot get to the areas and equipment needs to be hauled and poles climbed. 15. Provide flood protection for all critical facilities in the flood plain, including well #7, located at the foot of Main Street. 16. Continue to maintain NFIP membership and update floodplain ordinances.

City of Monona History and Overview The City of Monona had its beginnings on July 13, 1840 when Phineas Page and David Olmsted, two brothers from Vermont, crossed the Mississippi River and traveled ten miles to what would be their new home. They were soon joined by others who took up land in the new territory, so that a plat for the town of Monona was requested in 1851. The town was to be named Winona, but the postal department discouraged that because of the town in Minnesota. The Indian name Mononah was chosen with the H being dropped later. Businesses thrived, a Postmaster was appointed, a school house was built, and the churches all provided for the new community. The railroad arrived on March 16, 1864. In 1897 the town was officially incorporated. The potential for business brought settlers at a steady pace to 674 by 1900 and 1,049 by 1920.

90 Figure 40: Monona Street Map

Source: IDOT, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The governing body includes one mayor and five council members. City employees include:  City administrator/clerk  Deputy clerk  Administrative assistant  Police chief

91  2 additional police officers  3 reserve police officers  Water/waste water superintendent  3 additional public works employees  Head librarian  Assistant librarian  Additional part time library workers

Water and Wastewater operation is outsourced through PeopleService, Inc. Water is supplied by one active well. Wastewater treatment for the City is accomplished with an activated sludge plant.

Law Enforcement is provided to the residents of Monona by the Monona Police Department. The Department does not provide law enforcement coverage 24/7. The Clayton County Sheriff’s Department assist the Monona Police Department as necessary.

Monona receives fire protection from the Monona Volunteer Fire Department (MVFD). The department also provides fire protection to the surrounding Monona Fire District which encompasses 100 square miles.

Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs), Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and Paramedics with the MFL Ambulance Service, which provides EMS service to the cities and rural fire districts of Monona, Farmersburg, and Luana.

The Central Community Hospital at 901 Davidson Street in Elkader, Waukon Veteran’s Memorial Hospital in Waukon, and Crossing Rivers Health Systems in Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin are the most immediate medical treatment facilities.

The City of Monona is located in the MFL MarMac Community School District. Attendance centers are located in Monona (PreK‐3 Elementary and 9‐12 High School) and McGregor (4‐5 Intermediate and 6‐8 Middle School).

Canadian Pacific Railroad has a line which runs through Monona and averages ten trains daily.

92 Figure 41: Flood Plain, City of Monona

Fiscal and Technical Resources Total land and property valuations for the City of Monona were $74,339,959 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $3,716,998 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Monona’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides technical resources and services to the City of Monona and its emergency responders. The City has three outdoor warning systems, but none have voice messaging capabilities. They can be remotely deployed.

Development Trends Monona has had no new development in housing or commercial building. However, in March 2017, the Commercial Vehicle Group (CVG) says it will shut down its manufacturing location in Monona. About 100 people are expected to lose their jobs.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA‐approved Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan Emergency Operations Plan

The City of Monona is not a member of NFIP. The City has no history of flooding.

Key Issues  Rail Incidents – the Canadian Pacific rail line runs the length of Monona and has several trains per day, with dozens of cars. The HMPC noted concern over derailments and hazardous content  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions 1. Review and update local emergency operations plan a. Complete 2. Emergency/disaster response training a. Ongoing 3. Improve public awareness of hazardous risks a. Ongoing 4. Encourage City of Monona residents to have Disaster Supply Kits on hand to be used in the event of a disaster event. a. Ongoing 5. Develop and maintain electronic resource directory of local resources a. Ongoing 6. Promote NOAA weather radio use a. Ongoing 7. Update siren warning system a. Has not been done yet due to costs 8. Support EMS training a. Ongoing 9. Purchase/install backup power generators a. City Hall and Community Center have a standby power generator. Installed new power generator at WWTP in 2012. 10. Generators at North Lift Station, SE Lift Station and Wire Factory Lift Station will be replaced with automated units as Part of 2016 Phase II Sewer Project a. Install and/or upgrade standby power generation for water tower, wells, Garden View Sr. Living Facility and Fire Station. 11. Continue storm spotter training a. Ongoing 12. Develop Community Shelters a. Garden View, owned by the City and run by and outside source, can be used as a shelter. The center has a generator, but not big enough to cover the entire building 13. Establish recreational area storm shelter a. Has not been built yet due to lack of funding 14. Install emergency shelter signs in the city parks a. No shelter at this time 15. Install signage upon completion of new storm shelter a. No shelter at this time 16. Prepare/Implement mass casualty incident plans a. Ongoing. Mock drill was last held April 20, 2016

94 17. Continue HAZMAT Team agreement and support regional HAZMAT team a. Ongoing 18. Install GPS units in emergency vehicles a. Update vehicle GPS as rolling stock is replaced 19. Fire department training a. Ongoing 20. Establish good neighborhood programs for winter storms a. Ongoing 21. Install signalized railroad crossings a. This has not yet happened completely. Four of five crossings have been lighted. Continue to work with Canadian Pacific Railroad to light fifth. 22. Develop alternative energy sources a. Ongoing 23. Develop/maintain security at water treatment plant a. Wastewater Treatment Plant and Water Tower Facility have locked buildings and locked fence enclosures. b. Install video surveillance cameras when funding is available 24. Develop plans to address utility outages and emergencies a. City of Monona will implement city‐wide Mass Communication System in 2016 whereby information would be transmitted via text message, email and Facebook immediately after an incident b. Ongoing. Update contractor list 25. Purchase SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus) a. Fire Department replaces existing equipment as needed 26. Review security of critical facilities a. Ongoing. Install alarm systems and video surveillance when funding is available. 27. Develop and enhance response plans for terrorism incidents a. Ongoing 28. Purchase new fire trucks a. Purchase trucks when funding available based upon replacement schedule. 29. Join the National Flood Insurance Program a. This has not yet happened. No history of flooding.

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s comprehensive plan as well as its budget and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue 1. Purchase new warning sirens. Two of the existing warning sirens are more than 20 years old and a third is more than 40 years old. None of the sirens have voice messaging capabilities. There is enough coverage at this point, but concern over the age of the sirens. 2. Encourage FEMA‐approved tornado safe room for construction at new city or state buildings. 3. Purchase/upgrade generators and/or wiring for all critical facilities including lift stations, fire station, water tower, and wells 4. Three lift stations are being upgraded and will have new generators and electrical panels as part of 2016 Phase II Sanitary Sewer Improvement Project. Garden View has a generator that needs to be upgraded to larger unit. 5. Continue to use Iowa Drive for offsite memory of city records to prevent data loss in the event of a power outage 6. Continue to have fire department continue to work with county and regional groups for HAZMAT operations training in the event of a train derailment 7. Four of the five railroad crossings in Monona are lighted, but continue to work with Canadian Pacific to have all crossings lighted

8. Consider joining the NFIP

City of North Buena Vista History and Overview The City of North Buena Vista, Iowa, is situated on the Mississippi River in the southeast part of the County. It was laid out October 31, 1848 by William H. Stevens, who subsequently sold it to H.H. Day. Francis Cole of Colesburg, a flourishing inland town situated in Delaware County, erected the first frame building in Buena Vista. Early in the summer of 1851, William H. Stevens and Tobias Walker accidentally discovered a vein of lead ore just back of the town, which soon changed the scene, similar to California’s gold rush. Over 500 persons were in the town as miners flocked in from all directions. Steam boats, which rarely called at the place before, were now loaded with miners, merchants, mechanics, speculators, and pickpockets, all in search of the almighty dollar. In 1851, the town’s population rose from approximately 12 persons to about 500.

On October 1, 1851, an addition to the town was laid out, called Upper Buena Vista. Lots sold at enormous rates, and the town improved in a rapid manner. On June 22, 1852, Charles Brady laid out another addition, called Middle Buena Vista.

In the 1930s, the residents of the City of North Buena Vista used rocks from the local area with a 700 pound statue ordered from Germany to build a Grotto in the bluff surrounding the city. Along with the grotto, the City is also proud of its more than 100 year old Immaculate Conception Parish and historic schoolhouse.

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of North Buena Vista holds regular city council meetings once per month; the governing body includes one mayor and a five‐member City Council. City employees include:  City Clerk  Treasurer  Two seasonal employees

Law enforcement is provided to the City of North Buena Vista by the Clayton County Sheriff’s Department.

North Buena Vista receives primary fire protection from the Holy Cross and North Buena Vista Fire Department. No major fire protection equipment is housed within North Buena Vista. They currently have no municipal water and no municipal sewer accessibility.

The City has three government buildings: sand shed, maintenance shed, and city hall. They have one outdoor warning siren (with speaker system) which is remotely activated by the Holy Cross, Iowa fire station, as needed. The City installed the siren at the ball diamond in 2008 and manually activates it for testing every Tuesday and Thursday at 5:00 P.M. The City has one railroad crossing in city limits.

The entire city is a part of the Clayton Ridge Community School District, but there are no facilities located in North Buena Vista.

96 Figure 42: North Buena Vista Street Map

Source: IDOT

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of North Buena Vista were $9,742,976 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $487,149 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. North Buena Vista’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of North Buena Vista. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team, based in Cedar Rapids, IA.

Development Trends There has been no building in North Buena Vista in the recent past and none is planned for the near future.

97 Figure 43: Flood Plain, City of North Buena Vista

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – FEMA‐approved Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan 2011 – NFIP CIP 190082 Zoning Ordinances Flood Plain Ordinances 2006 – Clayton County Emergency Support Function (ESF)

98  Flood – Adjacent to the Mississippi River and with tributaries through the city, there is always the risk of flood.

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions 1. The entire County participates in emergency response exercises on a regular basis o Ongoing 2. Buena Vista Cable (owned by local residents) owns and maintains cable satellite equipment on top of the bluff, co‐op formed in the 1960s to address communication connectivity needs o Ongoing 3. New warning siren purchased and installed in 2008 o Complete 4. Some property owners have paid for, installed, and maintain private retaining walls o Complete 5. Installed an additional 15 yards of new curbs and gutters along Walnut Street to better manage storm run‐off o Complete 2009‐2010 6. City holds First Responder life protective equipment at the local church o Now at EMT’s home 7. L&L Campground has made specific effort to educate travelers/campers to utilize owners’ permanent home during inclement weather o Ongoing o Mobile Homes are built up 5’‐7’ to meet 100‐year flood plain 8. Levee protection with the Great River Road built high to the North of Breitbach Garage o Complete

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Work with Canadian Pacific and IDOT for funding for lights and signs at train crossing 2. Continue to maintain NFIP membership and update floodplain ordinances

City of Osterdock History and Overview Although the original survey dates from 1872, the northern portion of Osterdock was not laid out until 1877 by Samuel W. Bowman, with an area south of the river added by George Hansel the following year. The town experienced rapid early growth with construction of three general stores, a hotel, ware house and saw mill from 1877 to 1882. The businesses were needed to serve the rapidly increasing rural population.

With the changing trend in rural population in the years since, Osterdock has been caught in the declining need for rural service centers. In 1939, the railroad stopped running through the City. Where they once were a booming community, the floods of the 1940’s and 1950’s eliminated many properties in the low‐lying areas, and the property owners built elsewhere.

99 Figure 44: City of Osterdock Street Map

Source: IDOT, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Osterdock is governed by one mayor and five city council members, all of whom are elected. City employs include: Part‐time city clerk

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Osterdock.

Osterdock receives primary fire protection from the Guttenberg Fire Department and Colesburg Fire Department. The City has an ISO rating of 10. They currently have no municipal water and no municipal sewer accessibility.

The City has no government buildings (including City Hall) and has had no active railroad system in city limits since 1939. The community currently has one private airport within city limits.

The entire area of Osterdock’s city limits is located inside the Clayton Ridge Community School District, but there are no school district facilities in the city.

100 Figure 45: Flood Plain, City of Osterdock

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Osterdock were $2,337,024 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $116,851 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Osterdock’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Osterdock. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team, based in Cedar Rapids, IA.

Development Trends Much of the City of Osterdock lies in the 100‐year floodplain. There has been no recent development within the city and none is anticipated in the near future.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan 2006 – Clayton County Emergency Support Function (ESF)

101 Key Issues  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Flood – a majority of the city lies in the floodplain of the Turkey River, Peek Creek and Mill Creek

Mitigation Activities Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions

3. The entire County participates in emergency response exercises on a regular basis a. Ongoing 4. City has two NOAA weather radios in use throughout the city a. Complete 5. City purchased and utilizes seven pumps: a. 1 – 6” pump, PTO operated b. 2 ‐ 3” pumps, one on each side of the Turkey River c. 3 – 2” pumps d. 1 – 3” pump on west side of the river, used for backup i. Complete 6. City utilizes a 12” inflatable ball for the drainage tube that goes through the dike, allowing for drain closure during flood events a. Ongoing as needed 7. City has two levees: one being 300’ long that can be raised up to 36”; width across the top is 5’ a. Ongoing as needed

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue 1. Consider rejoining NFIP 2. Purchase a used portable 5‐6” water pump to replace the 6” PTO pump, which will eliminate the need for a tractor

City of St. Olaf History and Overview Established in February 1874 by Thomas Thompson, the owner of the property where the town was located. Incorporated on May 3, 1900 and named for Norway’s patron saint, St. Olaf, the community was first surveyed by Ezra Hurd in February 1874. The Post Office was established in the fall of 1874 with H.H. Strum as the first Postmaster. Strum served approximately a year and was succeeded by Emmet Embretson, his partner in the general merchandise store.

A frame school house was constructed at a cost of $1,000 and classes were taught in English seven months and Norwegian for two months per year. In the early 1900s, St. Olaf grew rapidly, becoming home to grain elevators, two banks, two hotels, auto dealerships, a jewelry store, lumber yard, hardware store, mortuary, central water system and many other entities. While both in their early twenties, brothers Hanford and Alfred Knudson, built and operated a power plant that supplied electricity to St. Olaf.

102 Figure 46: St. Olaf Street Map

Source: Source: Iowa Department of Transportation

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of St. Olaf is governed by one mayor and five city council members, all of whom are elected. City employs include:  city clerk  assistant clerk  Two water superintendents  Maintenance person

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Osterdock.

The entire area of St. Olaf city limits is located inside the Central Community School District.

St. Olaf Fire Department is an all‐volunteer force that responds to a wide variety of emergency calls. EMR/Ambulance provided by Central Ambulance, Elkader, Iowa.

103 Figure 47: Flood Plain, City of St. Olaf

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of St. Olaf were $3,610,897 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $180,545 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. St. Olaf’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of St. Olaf. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team, based in Cedar Rapids, IA.

The city has two warning sirens. Once can be activated remotely. The other is over 40 years old and is manually activated by the city’s fire department personnel.

Development Trends Following significant flooding in 2008, there have been a few businesses that have left town or closed. No new development has occurred or is anticipated in the near future.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011 – Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan 1974 – NFIP

104 In order to remain a member of the National Flood Insurance Program, the community has adopted and enforces a Floodplain Ordinance which is regulates what type of construction, if any, can occur in identified flood hazard areas. By doing so, property owners in the community are eligible to purchase flood insurance on property within the city limits, regardless of whether they are actually in an identified floodplain

Key Issues  Flood –City is low‐lying and Roberts Creek flows along the east side and through the northeast portion of St. Olaf city limits.  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions 1. Upgrade and enhance water and infrastructure a. 2014 – pumps were placed in the water system to increase pressure at a cost to the city of $70,000. Long‐term the water mains need to be replaced as they are originals dating to 1898. 2. Maintain and maximize partnerships for a well‐equipped and well‐maintained emergency response capability a. Ongoing 3. Continue NFIP participation a. Ongoing 4. Purchase and install generator(s) and associated equipment a. Not yet. Needed for city hall, fire station, for the well, lift station and sewer facility 5. Purchase, install, upgrade, and maintain warning siren(s) and alert notification equipment a. The City has two warning sirens. Once can be activated remotely. The other is over 40 years old and there is a button to activate it manually 6. Contain water sources inside designated boundaries a. The City does debris removal and has installed a wall with reservoir and culvert. But the culvert can become blocked and will flood in the dry run south of town. 7. Construct FEMA‐approved tornado safe room a. Not yet. No funding or building at this time. 8. Purchase and maintain flood mitigation equipment, related safety measures and storage facilities a. No. Not considered a priority. 9. Ensure the Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan is reviewed and kept current a. Ongoing 10. Promote the Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan to the public 11. Ongoing 12. Acquisition and demolition of damaged structures a. Will do as financially able 13. Improve data collection software and technology resources a. In process. City is upgrading computer and cloud backup in 2016 14. Evaluate sink holes through engineer’s studies and additional data collection a. Not aware of any

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

105 1. Purchase and install generator for city hall, fire station, well, lift station and sewer facility 2. Test warning sirens monthly at fire meetings and purchase new siren as funding is available 3. Replace water mains 4. Replace storm sewers under North Main Street 5. Improve data collection software and technology resources 6. Continue to work with UERPC to update city codes 7. Continue to maintain NFIP membership and update floodplain ordinances

City of Strawberry Point History During the 1840’s, as the army moved 2,900 Winnebago Indians from Wisconsin to their new home in the present Winneshiek County, they made camp near a spring a mile west of the town of Strawberry Point. The spring was located in a point of timber rich with wild strawberries. Being a part of the Neutral Ground, each mile of the "Old Mission Road" was marked with a stake, and the one at this campsite was inscribed "Strawberry Point." Mission Street, which runs East and West through the town today, was part of the Old Mission Road. This point of timber with its spring became a popular stopping place for Eastern emigrants on their way to Northern Iowa and Minnesota to settle claims.

The population of Clayton County in 1840 was a mere 275; ten years later, the number had swelled to 3,875 as settlers from the East started buying claims for $1.25 an acre. Between 1847 and 1853 about twenty families established claims along “Old Mission Road” the Strawberry Point area. Strawberry Point post office was established in 1851 as well as blacksmith shops and stores.

Laid out and founded by W.H. and D.M. Stearns the community was first called Franklin, but with another Post Office by that name, Strawberry Point was named for the vast amount of wild strawberries that grew there and was incorporated December 19, 1887.

Strawberry Point was known as the “Cream City” due to it being one of the top locations for processing whole milk in the entire state. Dairying and the processing of whole milk are still leading agricultural industries in this area, with AMPI (Associated Milk Producers, Inc.) offering primary service to producers.

106 Figure 48: Strawberry Point Street Map

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Strawberry Point is governed by one Mayor and a five‐member City Council, all of whom are elected. City employees include:  City clerk/administrator  Deputy city clerk  Police Chief  Police Officer  City Superintendent  Public Works Director  Library Director  Three part‐time librarians  Seasonal Pool Staff  Season Public Works Staff  EMS & Fire Department

The Strawberry Point Volunteer Ambulance and Fire Department service the City and surrounding area.

107 The entire area of Strawberry Point’s city limits is located inside the Starmont Community School District.

Strawberry Point boasts one landmark on the National Register of Historic Places, the Franklin Hotel.

Figure 49: Flood Plain, City of Strawberry Point

Source: FEMA, Hazus

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Strawberry Point were $53,716,460 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $2,685,823 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Strawberry Point’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Strawberry Point. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team, based in Cedar Rapids, IA.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Strawberry Point. The City has two warning sirens that are automatically activated by the County’s 911 dispatch center.

108

Development Trends A new Casey’s Convenience Store was built in town and several buildings in the city’s industrial park were added. No other development is anticipated currently.

Existing Plans and Policies 2010 – NFIP CID ‐ 190662 Zoning and Floodplain Ordinances

There have been no damages or flood claims in the City of Strawberry Point.

Strawberry Point utilizes a Comprehensive Plan, Capital Improvement Plan, City Code, zoning ordinances, subdivision ordinances and storm water ordinances. The City has 103 ordinances in place and has a Vision 2020 Plan in place and kept current.

The City utilizes the Clayton County Emergency Operations Plan. All City Response Personnel follow appropriate protocol and guidance. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County Hazmat Team, based in Cedar Rapids, IA. Cedar Rapids is located approximately 60 miles to the south of Strawberry Point.

The City uses the following ordinance to describe its compliance with NFIP regulations: 92.01 Statement of Purpose

It is the purpose of this Ordinance to protect and preserve the rights, privileges and property of the City of Strawberry Point and its residents and to preserve and improve the peace, safety, health, welfare, and comfort and convenience of its residents by minimizing those flood losses described inFindings of Fact of this Ordinance with provisions designed to:

1. Restrict or prohibit uses which are dangerous to health, safety or property in times of flood or which cause excessive increases in flood heights or velocities.

2. Require that uses vulnerable to floods, including public facilities which serve such uses, be protected against flood damage at the time of initial construction or substantial improvement.

3. Protect individuals from buying lands which may not be suited for intended purposes because of flood hazard.

4. Assure that eligibility is maintained for property owners in the community to purchase flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program.

Key Issues  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Hazardous Materials – possibility through high use roadways

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions: 1. Community has spent local funds to hire a videographer to evaluate city water/wastewater lines for infiltration a. Nearly complete. Ground water was infiltrating water system. Repairs nearly finished. 2. Iowa Rural Water Association (IRWA) participant

109 a. Ongoing 3. The City of Strawberry Point is researching additional details and safeguard measures for the existing petroleum pipeline, specifically, shutoff valves ‐ and how and when the valves are to be utilized a. Ongoing. City fire department does pipeline training, but shutoff, etc. is handled through the emergency dispatch. 4. Community currently owns and operates a generation plant they purchased and installed in 2001, working to upgrade to 13,000 volt system a. complete 5. Purchase, install, and maintain warning siren equipment and alert notification system a. This has not been done. The city has warning sirens, but all are very old. There has not been funding available to upgrade the system yet. 6. Maintain a well‐equipped and well‐trained emergency response capability for appropriate and effective response a. Ongoing 7. Upgrade and enhance water and wastewater treatment infrastructure a. Several projects are underway. $800,000 DNR mandated upgrade to water lines must be completed by December 2017 8. Ensure that the City of Strawberry Point Multi‐ Hazard Mitigation Plan is reviewed and kept current a. Ongoing 9. Improve data collection software and technology resources a. New billing and account software added in 2010. 10. Construct FEMA compliant tornado safe room(s) a. There has been no new construction of safe rooms 11. Promote Clayton County Multi‐ Hazard Mitigation Plan to the public a. Ongoing 12. Educate citizens of hazards and enhance safety and security for the petroleum pipeline in and around Strawberry Point city limits a. Ongoing 13. Begin the process to join the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) a. Complete 14. Construct an alternate route for Highway 13 to redirect heavy and dangerous highway traffic apart from downtown a. Financially not feasible 15. Acquisition and demolition of damaged structures a. One building has been demolished through State Derelict Building grant. The rest is ongoing 16. Evaluate Sinkholes through engineers studies and implement appropriate safety protocols a. No known sinkholes in the city and this mitigation action can be removed

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated when appropriate into the City’s budget through budget workshops, strategic planning, capital planning and emergency needs.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Purchase, install, and maintain warning siren equipment and alert notification system 2. Complete upgrade and enhance water and wastewater treatment infrastructure 3. Continue to maintain NFIP membership and update floodplain ordinances

110

City of Volga History and Overview Volga City, Iowa, was laid out in November 1851 by W. H., Rary J., and A. L. Gould. Three individual additions were respectively made in 1857, 1867 and 1877. In 1896, Volga City was incorporated with a mayor, a clerk, and five council members. This is still the form of government in Volga today.

Volga, a part of Sperry Township, is situated in the western part of Clayton County. Early records reveal that Volga City was named after the Volga River which meanders through Volga. The Volga River, in turn, was named after the great river in Russia. Since July 1, 1883, the "City" has been dropped from the name of the town by the U.S. Postal Service. "Volga City" is still the official name.

The city has historically been subjected to flooding. In 1948 the city installed a dike system at its own expense to help protect it from flood waters. In the flood of 1999, the Volga River dike broke and 36 structures were included in a FEMA buyout grant.

111 Figure 50: Volga Street Map

Source: IDOT, 2016

Governance, Facilities and Services The City of Volga is governed by one Mayor and a five‐member City Council, all of whom are elected. City employees include:  City clerk  Two maintenance workers  Public works  Three librarians

112

Figure 51: Flood Plain, City of Volga

Fiscal and Technical Resources Property valuations for the City of Volga were $7,190,770 as of April 2016, giving them a debt limitation of $359,539 per Iowa statute. The debt limit is not affected by Revenue Bonds. Volga’s fiscal tools for funding mitigation activities include bonding, both General Obligation and Revenue, loan agreements, fees, taxes for specific purposes and grants.

The Clayton County Sheriff’s office in rural Elkader is the county’s 911 dispatch center. Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Volga. Clayton County contracts with the Linn County HAZMAT Team, based in Cedar Rapids, IA.

Clayton County Emergency Management provides services to the City of Volga.

The City of Volga has no rail service.

Water supply for the City of Volga is supplied by two active wells. The city has an Aquastore Harvestore above ground water storage reservoir. The city’s chlorination water treatment plant was built in 2000 and is located at Cedar West Street. The plant does not have well field protection or surveillance system in place. A backup power generator was purchased in 2011.

113 The City of Volga receives fire protection from the Volga Volunteer Community Fire Department.

Emergency Medical Services are provided by Volga First Responders headquartered at the Volga Fire Department. Ambulance transport and paramedic services are provided by the Strawberry Point Ambulance Service in Strawberry Point, Central Ambulance Service in Elkader, and Arlington Ambulance Service in Fayette County.

The nearest hospitals are Central Community Hospital in Elkader; Arlington Covenant in Arlington and Crossing Rivers in Prairie Du Chien, Wisconsin.

The City of Volga is part of the Central Community School District, but no facilities are located in Volga.

The City does own portable backup generators and has one warning siren.

As of February 29, 2016, residents in the City of Volga had 12 flood claims with $191,964 dollars paid out. There were three properties that were offered FEMA flood buyout grants that did not accept. Two of the properties are private residences and have a combined assessed value of $52,726. The third is a church parsonage.

Development Trends As can be noted in the decline in population and in flood buyouts, the City of Volga has experienced no new development and has lost residential properties. Because much of the city is in the flood zone, no development is planned in the immediate future.

Existing Plans and Policies 2011‐ Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan 1975 – NFIP CID – 190085

Key Issues  Hailstorm – along with other weather events, can be destructive, with no ability for avoidance  Thunderstorm and Lightning – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Tornado – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather even with no safe room in the city  Windstorms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Severe Winter Storms – unpredictable, potentially dangerous weather event  Flood – the city is located in a low‐lying area and the Volga River runs through the city and is fed by a watershed that encompassed 170,846 acres. Flash flood by the county shop prevents transportation.

Mitigation Actions Status and Progress on Previous Mitigation Actions: 1. Develop local emergency operations plan a. In committee – needs to be researched 2. Encourage residents to have Disaster Supply Kits on hand to be used in the event of a disaster

114 a. Ongoing 3. Improve public awareness of hazardous risks a. Ongoing 4. Promote NOAA weather radio use a. Ongoing 5. Install audible siren warning system a. This has not been done due to costs 6. Purchase new gas or diesel electric generator for designated emergency shelter and city facilities, including lift station a. Two generators were purchased in 2009 7. Develop a written flood plan a. Adopted current Floodplain Management into City Code in 2012 8. Elevate Levee a. Not completed due to costs 9. Flood protection for critical facilities (fire station and lift station) a. Ongoing at fire station through sandbags. The lift station is elevated. 10. Install rip‐rap a. As funds permit 11. Develop community shelter a. St. Paul’s Lutheran Church has been a designated shelter 12. Establish storm shelter a. The City has not built a FEMA‐approved tornado storm shelter due to cost restraints 13. Purchase portable pump a. The diesel fuel tank at fire station is available to supply fuel for portable generators and the city and county have portable generators available 14. Clear and deepen ditches a. Continue to work with Alliant on debris removal to keep lines and ditches clear 15. Continue membership in the NFIP a. Ongoing 16. Educate the public on proper steps to be taken in the event of a tornado/high wind event a. Ongoing 17. Install Flood Gauge a. The Iowa Flood Center installed a bridge sensor on the Highway C2W Bridge. In addition, Wadena and Fayette have river gauges and are upstream from Volga, so this item is no longer being considered 18. Limit development in floodplain areas a. Complete 19. Maintain floodgates a. Floodgates are flushed and cleaned annually. ACOE inspects as part of annual inspection of levee 20. Protection of bridge access a. An access barrier has been installed at the bridge on Cass Street that is closed 21. Training for floodplain manager a. City Clerk and City Floodplain Administrator attended an IDNR meeting in 2015 22. Update flood maps a. Complete in June 2011 23. Develop alternative energy source a. Not done due to cost constraints 24. Develop plans to address utility outages and emergencies a. Generator hookups at St. Paul (Community Shelter), lift station and fire station in 2010 25. Establish good neighbor programs for winter a. Ongoing

26. Maintain a list of sites that could be used as public cooling shelters during extreme heat

115 a. Complete 27. Maintain a well‐equipped and well‐trained fire department capable of appropriate and effective response a. Ongoing 28. Encourage citizen use/purchase of smoke detectors a. Ongoing 29. Thermal imager for fire department a. Not being pursued at this time 30. Fire Department training a. Ongoing 31. Purchase new pumper truck a. Complete. New tanker is now on the list 32. Purchase new pagers for fire department a. 911 Board provided pager and radio updates. City installed a repeater tower on Buchanan Street 33. Install new fire hydrants a. Ongoing. One or two hydrants are replaced each year with large diameter hose hookups.

Mitigation Actions and the Clayton County MJ‐19 (2011) were incorporated, when appropriate, into the City’s budget, capital and strategic plans and council planning meetings.

Mitigation Actions to Pursue

1. Continue to explore FEMA flood buyouts of properties that have repetitive damage when funding is available 2. Continue to educate and organize NIMS requirements so community is properly aware 3. Purchase and install siren with battery backup and voice capabilities 4. Complete installing rip‐rap as part of repairing damages to the city’s levee 5. Install well protection 6. Provide training and understanding to community members of what resources the city has for responding to a transportation incident involving hazardous materials 7. Backup city records on cloud service 8. Lengthen C2W County bridge to prevent flooding 9. Enact ICOE Leve Inspection Recommendations: a. Relocate utility light pole at the end of White Street outside of levee crossing by lift station b. Fill culvert on levee c. Rodent control d. Clean flood gates e. Burn and control vegetation on dike 10. Continue to maintain NFIP membership and update floodplain ordinances

116

Risk Assessment

CFR Requirement 201.6(c)(2): [The plan shall include] A risk assessment that provides the factual basis for activities proposed in the strategy to reduce losses from identified hazards. Local risk assessments must provide sufficient information to enable the jurisdiction to identify and prioritize appropriate mitigation actions to reduce losses from identified hazards.

The risk assessment process identifies and profiles relevant hazards and assesses the exposure of lives, property, and infrastructure to these hazards. The goal of the risk assessment is to estimate the potential loss in the Planning Area, including the loss of life, personal injury, property damage, and economic loss, from a hazard event. The risk assessment process allows for the Planning Area to better understand their potential risk from hazards and provides a framework for developing and prioritizing mitigation actions to reduce risk from future events.

The risk assessment for the County followed the methodology described in FEMA publication 386‐2, Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (2002), which includes a four‐step process: Identify Hazards Profile Hazards Inventory Assets Estimate Losses This section is divided into four parts: Hazard Identification– Identifies the types of hazards that threaten the planning area and describes why some hazards have been omitted from further consideration. Hazard Profiles— Describes the location and extent of each natural hazard that can affect the planning area and describes previous occurrences of hazard events and the probability of future events. Vulnerability Assessment – Assesses the County’s vulnerability to hazards, considering the impact of each identified hazard on the communities’ critical facilities and other identified assets at risk. Repetitive Loss – Addresses the NFIP insured structures within each jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods.

Multi‐Jurisdictional Risk Assessment For this county‐wide, multi‐jurisdictional plan, the risk assessment assesses the entire geographic area of the planning area’s risks. Should the risks deviate for a participating jurisdiction; the location‐specific information will be included in each identified hazard’s profile. The participating jurisdictions are all located within Clayton County; Clayton County is 779 square miles and is fairly uniform in terms of climate. Accordingly, overall hazards and vulnerability do not vary greatly across the planning area for most hazards. Weather‐related hazards, such as drought, extreme heat, hailstorm, lightning, severe winter storm, tornado, and windstorm affect the entire planning area. Hazards that do vary across the planning area include: flooding, dam or levee failure, and landslides.

Hazard Identification CFR Requirement 201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the type…of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction.

Selection Process The county‐wide Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) and other meeting attendees reviewed data and discussed the impacts of hazards listed alphabetically below as suggested by Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division (HSEMD) for consideration, hazards included in the statewide plan, and FEMA.

117 Animal/Plant/Crop Disease Avalanche Coastal Erosion Coastal Storm Dam Failures Debris Flow Drought Earthquakes Expansive Soils Extreme Heat Fires Flash Floods Grass or Wild Land Fires Hailstorms Hazardous Materials Events Human Disease Hurricane/Tropical Cyclones Infrastructure Failure Land Subsidence Landslides Levee Failure Nuclear/Radiological Accidents River Flooding Severe Winter Storms Sink Holes Terrorism Thunderstorms and Lightning Tornadoes Transportation Incident Tsunami Volcano Windstorms

118

Data on the past occurrences, impacts and future probability of these hazards in the planning area was collected from several sources including the following: Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, September 2013 Information on past extreme weather and climate events from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Federal Disaster Declarations from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) Disaster Declarations Various websites, articles and publications (sources are referenced where data is cited) Clayton County Emergency Operations Plan, February 2006 Clayton County County‐Wide Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan, August 2011 Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) Flood Insurance Studies (FIS)

The HMPC eliminated certain hazards from further profiling due to no known history of occurrence in the planning area and/or their impacts were not considered significant in relation to other hazards. Table 24 lists alphabetically the hazards suggested not profiled in the plan and provides the explanation for omission.

Table 24 Hazards Considered, But Not Profiled in the Plan

Hazard Explanation for Omission

Avalanche The Planning Area is not near a mountainous areas Coastal Erosion The Planning Area is not near coastal areas Coastal Storm/Tsunami The Planning Area is not near coastal areas Debris Flow The Planning Area is not near mountainous regions susceptible to debris flow There are no known expansive soils in the Planning Area and no known historical occurrences of this Expansive Soils hazard Hurricane The Planning Area is not near coastal areas There are no known subsurface void spaces in the Planning Area and no known historical Land Subsidence occurrences of this hazard There are no volcanic mountains in the planning area Volcano Source: HMPC

After review of the existing data on the remaining hazards, the HMPC considered and agreed upon the hazards to be included in the county list of identified hazards. Several hazards discussed in previous meetings were consolidated into general categories for the purpose of risk assessment. The hazards of human disease incident and pandemic human disease were combined into human disease. Fixes hazardous materials incidents, pipeline incidents, and transportation hazardous materials incidents were combined into hazardous material events. Communication failures, massive power of energy failures, structural failures, and structural fires were combined into infrastructure failure. Roadway transportation incidents and railway transportation incidents were combined into transportation incident. Biological terrorism, agricultural terrorism, domestic terrorism, and active shooting incidents were combined into terrorism. The following 22 hazards were identified by the HMPC as significant to the planning area.

119 Animal/Plant/Crop Disease Hazardous Material Events Sinkholes Dam Failures Human Disease Terrorism Drought Infrastructure Failure Thunderstorms and Lightning Earthquakes Landslides Tornadoes Extreme Heat Levee Failure Transportation Incident Flash Floods Nuclear/Radiological Accidents Windstorms Grass or Wild Land Fire River Flooding Hailstorms Severe Winter Storms

The State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan covers all natural and human caused/combination hazards identified for the State of Iowa. Accordingly, the State of Iowa hazard information, details, and risk assessment prevails for hazards not discussed for the County.

Disaster Declaration History One method used by the HMPC to identify hazards was to examine events that triggered federal and/or state disaster declarations. Federal and/or state declarations may be granted when the severity and magnitude of an event surpasses the ability of the local government to respond and recover. Disaster assistance is supplemental and sequential. When the local government’s capacity has been surpassed, a state disaster declaration may be issued, allowing for the provision of state assistance. Should the disaster be so severe that both the local and state governments‟ capacities are exceeded; a federal emergency or disaster declaration may be issued, allowing for the provision of federal assistance.

The federal government may issue a disaster declaration through FEMA, the USDA, and/or the Small Business Administration (SBA). FEMA also issues emergency declarations, which are more limited in scope and do not include the long‐term federal recovery programs of major disaster declarations. Determinations for declaration type are based on scale and type damages and institutions or industrial sectors affected.

A USDA disaster declaration certifies that the affected county has suffered at least a 30 percent loss in one or more crop or livestock areas and provides affected producers with access to low‐interest loans and other programs to help mitigate disaster impacts. In accordance with the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act, counties neighboring those receiving disaster declarations are named as contiguous disaster counties and are eligible for the same assistance.

Table 25 reflects FEMA presidentially declared disasters received by multiple counties in Iowa, including Clayton County, from 1990 to present.

Table 25: Presidential Disaster Declaration History in Clayton County, 1990 – Present Declaration Declaration Date Disaster Counties Included Number Description

DR‐4234‐IA 7/31/2015 Severe Storms, Allamakee, Appanoose, Butler, Clayton, Dallas, Davis, Des Moines, Guthrie, Tornadoes, Howard, Jefferson, Lee, Lucas, Marion, Mitchell, Monroe, Warren, Wayne, Straight‐line winds, Winneshiek and Wright. and Flooding

Severe Storms, Allamakee, Benton, Buchanan, Butler, Cedar, Clayton, Delaware, Howard, DR‐4135‐IA 7/31/2013 Tornadoes, Jones, Winneshiek Flooding

120 Declaration Declaration Date Disaster Counties Included Number Description

Adams, Appanoose, Audubon, Black Hawk, Boone, Buchanan, Buena Vista, Butler, Calhoun, Cherokee, Clarke, Clay, Clayton, Dallas, Davis, Decatur, Delaware, Dickinson, Dubuque, Emmet, Fayette, Franklin, Guthrie, Severe Storms, Hamilton, Howard, Humboldt, Ida, Iowa, Jackson, Jasper, Jones, Keokuk, Tornadoes, and DR‐1930‐IA 7/29/2009 Lee, Lyon, Lucas, Madison, Mahaska, Marion, Mills, Monroe, Montgomery, Flooding O’Brien, Osceola, Palo Alto, Polk, Ringgold, Shelby, Sioux, Story, Union, Van Buren, Wapello, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, and Wright Adair, Adams, Allamakee, Appanoose, Audubon, Benton, Black Hawk, Boone, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Carroll, Cass, Cedar, Cerro Gordo, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Clarke, Clayton, Clinton, Crawford, Dallas, Davis, Decatur, Delaware, Des Moines, Dubuque, Fayette, Floyd, Franklin, Fremont, Greene, Grundy, Guthrie, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, Henry, Severe Storms, Howard, Humboldt, Iowa, Jackson, Jasper, Johnson, Jones, Keokuk, Kossuth, Tornadoes, and DR‐1763‐IA 5/27/2008 Lee, Linn, Louisa, Lucas, Lyon, Madison, Mahaska, Marion, Marshall, Mills, Flooding Mitchell, Monona, Monroe, Montgomery, Muscatine, Page, Palo Alto, Pocahontas, Polk, Pottawattamie, Poweshiek, Ringgold, Scott, Story, Tama, Taylor, Union, Van Buren, Wapello, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, Winnebago, Winneshiek, Worth, Wright Hurricane EM‐3239‐IA 9/10/2005 Katrina All Evacuation Adair, Allamakee, Appanoose, Audubon, Benton, Black Hawk, Boone, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Calhoun, Cass, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Clay, Severe Storms, Clayton, Dallas, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Franklin, Fremont, Grundy, DR‐1518‐IA 5/25/2004 Tornadoes, and Guthrie, Hancock, Howard, Humboldt, Ida, Jasper, Jones, Kossuth, Linn, Flooding Lucas, Marshall, Mitchell, Page, Pocahontas, Polk, Story, Tama, Taylor, Webster, Winnebago, Winneshiek, Worth, Wright

Severe Storms, Allamakee, Benton, Buchanan, Cedar, Clayton, Clinton, Delaware, Des Tornadoes, and Moines, Dubuque, Fayette, Henry, Iowa, Jackson, Johnson, Jones, Lee, DR‐1420‐IA 6/1/2002 Flooding Linn, Louisa, Muscatine, Scott, Winneshiek

Allamakee, Buchanan, Calhoun, Clayton, Clinton, Des Moines, Dubuque, Severe Storms, Grundy, Henry, Humboldt, Jackson, Lee, Louisa, Lucas, Muscatine, Palo Alto, DR ‐1367‐IA 4/2001 and Tornadoes Pottawattamie, Ringgold, Sac, Scott, Union, Wapello, Webster

Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Clayton, Crawford, Fayette, Floyd, Harrison, Howard, Jones, Linn, Mills, Mitchell, DR ‐1282‐IA 7/1999 Flooding Montgomery, Pottawattamie, Story, Worth, Woodbury

Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Chickasaw, Clayton, Clinton, Severe Storms DR ‐1277‐IA 5/1999 Crawford, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Harrison, Jones, Linn, Montgomery, Scott Adair, Allamakee, Appanoose, Audubon, Benton, Black Hawk, Boone, Buchanan, Buena Vista, Butler, Calhoun, Carroll, Cass, Cedar, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Clarke, Clay, Clayton, Clinton, Crawford, Dallas, Davis, Decatur, Delaware, Des Moines, Dickinson, Emmet, Fayette, Floyd, Franklin, Fremont, Greene, Grundy, Guthrie, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Harrison, Henry, Howard, Humboldt, Iowa, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Keokuk, Kossuth, Lee, Severe Storms DR‐1230‐IA 7/1998 Linn, Louisa, Lucas, Madison, Mahaska, Marion, Marshall, Mills, Monona, Montgomery, Muscatine, Osceola, Page, Palo Alto, Pocahontas, Polk, Pottawattamie, Poweshiek, Ringgold, Sac, Shelby, Story, Tama, Taylor, Union, Wapello, Washington, Warren, Webster, Winnebago, Winneshiek, Wright

121 Declaration Declaration Date Disaster Counties Included Number Description

DR‐996‐IA 6/1993 Flooding All Black Hawk, Bremer, Butler, Cass, Chickasaw, Clayton, Emmet, Fayette, Severe Storms DR‐911‐IA 7/1991 Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Johnson, Kossuth, Marshall, Story, Tama

Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Cerro Gordo, Chickasaw, Clayton, Clinton, DR‐879‐IA 9/1990 Flooding Fayette, Franklin, Fremont, Howard, Johnson, Jones, Linn, Pottawattamie, Winneshiek, Worth Source: Iowa HSEMD, 2016

Table 26 below reflects USDA disaster declarations and causes for Clayton County, from 2005 to present.

Table 26: USDA Disaster Declarations in Clayton County, 2005 – Present USDA Causes Start Disaster Severe Winter Excessive Frost/ Flood Number Date Hail Drought Tornadoes Storms Storms Moisture Freezes S3605 4/1/2013 X S3310 7/24/2012 X S3390 7/17/2012 X S3305 7/17/2012 X S3264 4/6/2012 X M1933 7/20/2010 X X X S2898 5/15/2009 X X X M1719 8/18/2007 X X M1727 8/17/2007 X X M1688 2/23/2007 X S2165 1/1/2005 X Source: USDA Risk Management Agency

Hazard Profiles CFR Requirement 201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the… location and extent of all natural hazards than can affect the jurisdiction. The plan shall include information on

i f hd t d th b bilit f ft hd t 44 CFR Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(iii): For multi‐jurisdictional plans, the risk assessment must assess each jurisdiction’s risks where they vary from the risks facing the entire Planning Area.

Each hazard that can affect the jurisdiction is profiled individually in this section. The level of information presented in the profiles varies by hazard based on the information available. This plan update has incorporated new information to provide for better evaluation and prioritization of the hazards that affect the county. Detailed profiles for each of the identified hazards include information on the following characteristics of the hazard:

Hazard Description This section consists of a general description of the hazard and the types of impacts it may have on a community.

Geographic Location This section describes the geographic extent or location of the hazard in the planning area. When applicable, a jurisdiction’s risks are noted if it varies from the risks facing the entire planning area. Where available, maps are

122 utilized to indicate the areas of the Planning Area that are vulnerable to the subject hazard.

Previous Occurrences This section includes information on historic incidents and their impacts to the affected areas.

Probability of Future Occurrence The frequency of past events is used to gauge the likelihood of future occurrences. Where possible, the probability or chance of occurrence was calculated based on historical data. Probability was determined by dividing the number of events observed by the number of years and multiplying by 100. This gives the percent chance of the event happening in any given year. An example would be three droughts occurring over a 30‐year period, which suggests a 10 percent chance of a drought occurring in any given year.

Magnitude The magnitude of the impact of a hazard event (past and perceived) is related directly to the vulnerability of the people, property, and the environment it affects. This is a function of when the event occurs, the location in which it occurs the resilience of the community, and the effectiveness of the emergency response and disaster recovery efforts.

Warning Time The warning time of the impact of a hazard event (past and perceived) is related directly to the amount of notice a community has before an event will occur.

Duration The duration of the hazard consists of the typical amount of time the affected areas is impacted by the hazard.

Spatial Extent The spatial extent of the impact of a hazard event (past and perceived) is related directly to the geographic extent of jurisdiction(s) impacted.

Hazard Summary To maintain a consistent reporting format, a mathematical methodology was used to prioritize the hazards. This prioritization was based on a Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) that considered five elements of risk: probability, magnitude, warning time, duration, and spatial extent. Table 27 defines the CPRI rankings for elements of hazards risk.

Table 27: Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) Element Definitions Score: Description: Probability: Reflects the likelihood of the hazard occurring in the future, considering both the hazard’s historical occurrence and the projected likelihood of the hazard occurring in any given year. Event is probable within the calendar year 4 ‐ Highly Likely Event has up to 1 in 1 year chance of occurring (1/1=100%) History of events is greater than 33% likely per year Event is probable within the next three years 3 – Likely Event has up to 1 in 3 year chance of occurring (1/3=33%) History of events is greater than 20% but less than or equal to 33% likely per year Event is probable within the next five years 2 – Occasional Event has up to 1 in 5 year chance of occurring (1/5=20%) History of events is greater than 10% but less than or equal to 20% likely per year Event is probable within the next 10 years 1 – Unlikely Event has up to 1 in 10 year chance of occurring (1/10=10%) History of events is less than or equal to 10% likely per year Magnitude: An assessment of severity in terms of injuries and fatalities, personal property, and infrastructure.

123 Multiple deaths 4 – Catastrophic Complete shutdown of facilities for 30 or more days More than 50 percent of property is severely damaged Injuries and/or illnesses result in permanent disability Complete 3 – Critical shutdown of critical facilities for at least two weeks 25‐50 percent of property is severely damaged Injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability Complete 2 – Limited shutdown of critical facilities for more than one week 10‐25 percent of property is severely damaged Injuries and/or illnesses are treatable with first aid Minor 1 – Negligible quality of life lost Shutdown of critical facilities and services for 24 hours or less Less than 10 percent of property is severely damaged Warning Time: The potential amount of warning time that is available before the hazard occurs. 4 Less Than 6 Hours 3 6‐12 Hours 2 12‐24 Hours 1 24+ Hours Duration: How long the hazard will affect the planning area. 4 More Than 1 Week 3 Less Than 1 Week 2 Less Than 1 Day 1 Less Than 6 Hours Spatial Extent: How much of the jurisdiction will be affected. 4 – Catastrophic More than 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted 3 – Critical 25 – 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted 2 – Limited 10 – 25% of the jurisdiction to be impacted 1 – Negligible Less than 10% of the jurisdiction to be impacted *Based on history, using the definitions given, the likelihood of future events is quantified **According to severity associated with past events or probable worst case scenario events in the State of Iowa

Using the ranking described in CPRI Criteria Table, a formula that includes weighting factors is used to determine each hazard’s CPRI. In order to be consistent with the State of Iowa, this plan uses the same weighting criteria that the State uses. The weighting criteria is consistent with the State’s priorities and allows for a higher priority to be placed on hazards that have a higher occurrence in the state and have a high potential for adverse impact. The formula is:

CRPI = (Probability x .45) + (Magnitude x .25) + (Warning Time x .15) + (Duration x .10) + (Spatial Extent x .05) Based on the calculated CPRI scores, the participating jurisdictions’ hazards were separated into three categories of planning significance: High (3.00‐4.00) Moderate (2.00‐2.99) Low (1.00‐1.99)

These terms relate to the level of planning analysis to be given to the particular hazard in the risk assessment process and are not meant to suggest that a hazard would have only limited impact. In order to focus on the most critical hazards, those assigned a level of high or moderate were given more extensive attention in the remainder of this section, while those with a low planning significance were addressed in more general or qualitative ways. Table 28 summarizes the completed county‐wide Hazard Profile results. City CRPI Scores are included separately.

124 Table 28: Clayton County Hazard Profile Summary Warning Planning Hazard Probability Magnitude Time Duration Spatial CPRI Significance Severe Winter Storms 4 3 4 3 2 3.55 High Flash Floods 4 4 1 4 3 3.50 High River Floods 4 4 1 4 3 3.50 High Tornadoes 4 2 4 2 4 3.30 High Hailstorms 4 2 4 2 4 3.30 High Windstorms 3 4 4 1 4 3.25 High Thunderstorms & Lightning 4 2 2 2 4 3.00 High Hazardous Materials 3 3 4 2 2 3.00 High Animal/Plant/Crop Disease 2 2 4 2 1 2.25 Moderate Radiological Incident 2 2 4 2 1 2.25 Moderate Transportation Incident 2 2 4 2 1 2.25 Moderate Extreme Heat 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Grass or Wildfire 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Landslides 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Terrorism 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Dam Failure 1 2 4 4 3 2.10 Moderate Levee Failure 1 2 4 4 3 2.10 Moderate Infrastructure Failure 2 2 3 1 1 2.05 Moderate Sinkholes 2 1 4 1 1 1.90 Low Human Disease 1 2 2 4 2 1.80 Low Drought 1 2 1 4 4 1.70 Low Earthquakes 1 1 4 1 4 1.60 Low Source: HMPC, 2015

Hazard Information

Animal/Plant/Crop Disease Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Animal/Plant/Crop 2 2 4 2 1

Description Any outbreak of disease that can be transmitted from animal to animal or plant to plant is an animal/crop/plant disease. An animal or plant disease outbreak could have serious economic implications or public health impact. Plant disease, insects and mycotoxins are three of the top 20 implications on public health impact. Avian influenza, BSE and Bovine TV are threats to the county’s livestock. The HMPC include invasive species, pests and noxious weeds within this hazard element.

Geographic Location Animal, plant or crop disease can occur anywhere within the planning area.

125 Previous Occurrences There have been isolated occurrences of animal, plant or crop disease within the county. For example, rabies is rare in Iowa, with just 25 animal cases statewide in 2011. By 2014, there were just 11 reported cases in Iowa and none in Clayton County.

Figure 52: Animal Rabies Cases Reported in 2011

Source: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011)

In 2015, almost 50 million bird flocks in more than 20 states and the biosecurity of the nation were affected by an outbreak of the current Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreak. The Iowa Poultry Association, called it the “worst animal disease outbreak in the history of Iowa and potentially the history of the U.S.” In Iowa, 33.7 million chickens and turkeys died from the Avian Influenza, or were euthanized to prevent its spread, and more than 1,500 people lost their jobs. Iowa, the nation’s largest egg producing state, lost 25 million of the nation’s leading flock of 60 million egg laying hens. The cases were found primarily in central and western Iowa, but have the potential of hitting anywhere in the state and causing significant economic and health repercussions.

Crop loss due to plant disease has occurred in the county as indicated in Table 29.

Table 29: Crop Loss Due to Plant Disease, 2007‐2012 Year Crop Hazard Claims Paid ($) 2010 All Other Crops Plant Disease 5,768 2009 All Other Crops Plant Disease 45,553 2007 All Other Crops Plant Disease 15,506 Total 66,827 Source: (USDA Risk Management Agency, 2012)

126 While no more recent statistics could be located for crop loss specifically to Plant Disease, the Risk Management Agency of the USDA does note that in the years 2011 – 2016, $39,894,069 was paid out in Clayton County alone for insured crop losses.

Probability of Future Occurrences The HMPC ranked the probability of future occurrences as “Occasional” with a 1 in 5 year chance of occurring. The HMPC noted concern over the increasing encroachment of invasive insects and plants into Iowa and the growing resistance of some animal, plant or crop diseases to the current chemical control efforts.

Magnitude Given the ability of the state and local jurisdictions to respond, control and contain this type of hazard the HMPC rated the magnitude as limited.

Warning Time Over 24 hours

Duration Greater than one week

Spatial Extent Negligible – Less than 10% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Animal/Plant/Crop 2.25 Moderate Disease

Dam Failure Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Dam Failure 1 2 4 4 3

Description Dam failure is the uncontrolled release of impounded water resulting in downstream flooding, which can affect life and property. Flooding, earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance, improper operation, and poor construction, vandalism, or terrorism cause dam failures. Dams are constructed for a variety of uses, including flood control, erosion control, water supply impoundment, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation.

Dam failures can be caused by several events including flooding, earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance, improper operation

Dams are classified into three categories based on the potential risk to people and property should a failure occur. The classification may change over time because of development downstream from the dam since its construction. Older dams may not have been built to the standards of its new classification. Below are the hazard classifications defined by Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR): High Hazard – A structure shall be classified as high hazard if located in an area where failure may create a serious

127 threat of loss of human life or result in serious damage to residential, industrial or commercial areas, important public utilities, public buildings, or major transportation facilities Moderate (Significant) Hazard – A structure shall be classified as moderate hazard if located in an area where failure may damage isolated homes or cabins, industrial or commercial buildings, moderately traveled roads or railroads, interrupt major utility services, but without substantial risk of loss of human life. In addition, structures where the dam and its impoundment are of themselves of public importance, such as dams associated with public water supply systems, industrial water supply or public recreation, or which are an integral feature of a private development complex, shall be considered moderate hazard for design and regulatory purposes unless a higher hazard class is warranted by downstream conditions Low Hazard – A structure shall be classified as low hazard if located in an area where damages from a failure would be limited to loss of the dam, loss of livestock, damages to farm outbuildings, agricultural lands, and lesser used roads, and where loss of human life is considered unlikely

Dam hazard potential classifications have nothing to do with the material condition of a dam, only the potential for death and/or destruction due to the size of the dam, the size of the impoundment, and the characteristics of the area downstream of the dam. The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) tracks all dams in Iowa with a height of at least 25 feet or a total storage of at least 50 acre feet of water. The inventory excludes all dams less than six (6) feet high regardless of storage capacity and dams less than fifteen (15) acre feet of storage regardless of height.

Table 30 lists the National Inventory of Dams (NID) key data for Clayton County.

Table 30: National Inventory of Dams in Clayton County Hazard Year Completed Dam Name River Location Rating Pikes Peak Flood Control High Mississippi River McGregor 1938 Dam Siegel Flood Control Dam High Mississippi River McGregor 1938

Slaughter Flood Control Significant Mississippi River McGregor 1938 Dam Low Elkader Mill Dam Turkey River Elkader 1926 Low Camp Klaus Dam Brownfield Creek Elkport 1978 Low Breuhahn Dam Hickory Creek County 1971 Source: (National Inventory of Dams (NID))

Cities in Clayton County located on the Mississippi River directly downstream from the High Hazard and Significant Hazard dams in McGregor are: Clayton, Guttenberg and North Buena Vista.

Probability of Future Occurrences There has not been a previous occurrence of dam failure in Clayton County.

There have been two historical occurrences in the State of Iowa: one event occurred in 1968 in Waterloo when the Virden Creek Dam failed. The incidence claimed one life, and the dam is no longer in existence. The second occurrence happened when the Lake Delhi dam (Delhi, Iowa) failed on July 24, 2010.

With increased attention to sound design, quality construction, and continued maintenance and inspection, dam failure probability can be reduced. It is important to consider that by 2020, 85% of the dams in the United States will be more than 50 years old (the design life of a dam). In Iowa, 41% of dams by 2020 will be more than 50 years old. This reflects the need to consider and encourage dam failure emergency action plans for high and significant hazard dams

128 in the State.

Unlikely – Event is probable within the next 10 years

Magnitude People and property along streams and rivers are most vulnerable. While the area impacted from a dam failure would be limited to those areas in and near the floodplain, but facilities and lives considerable distances from the actual impoundment are not immune from the hazard.

Depending on the size and volume of the impoundment as well as the channel characteristics, a flash flood resulting from dam failure can travel a significant distance.

The severity of damage could range from property damage all the way to multiple deaths, injuries, and extensive property damage if a large high hazard dam failed. Operations could be affected by communication loss, critical facility damage/destruction, etc.

Critical: 10‐25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration More than 1 week

Spatial Impact The area impacted following a dam failure would be limited to those areas in and near the floodplain. People and property outside the floodplain could also be impacted depending on the proximity to the dam and the height above the normal stream level.

Critical: 25 – 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Dam Failure 2.10 Moderate

Drought Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Drought 1 2 1 4 4

Description Drought is generally defined as a period of prolonged lack of precipitation for weeks at a time producing severe dry conditions. There are three types of drought conditions that are relevant to Iowa: Meteorological drought, which refers to precipitation deficiency; hydrological drought, which refers to declining surface water and ground water supplies; and agricultural drought, which refers to soil moisture deficiencies. A prolonged drought can have serious economic

129 impact on a community. Increased demand for water and electricity may result in shortage of resources. Moreover, food shortages may occur if agricultural production is damaged or destroyed by a loss of crops or livestock. Based on information from the National Weather Service for 2006, drought was the nation’s second most costly natural hazard, causing $2.6 billion in property and crop damages (flooding caused $3.9 billion in damages).

Periods of drought are normal occurrences in all parts of Iowa. Drought in Iowa is caused by severely inadequate amounts of precipitation that adversely affect farming, surface and ground water supplies, and uses of surface waters for navigation and recreation. Drought can cause significant economic and environmental impacts and also create favorable conditions for wildfires and wind erosion. While droughts are generally associated with extreme heat, droughts can and do occur during cooler months.

According to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), Clayton County has had one period of drought from 1996‐2006:

July 1, 2005‐January 31, 2006. The drought that began back in June, 2005, continued through January, 2006. Severe to extreme drought continued across the northern half of Illinois, eastern third of Iowa, and Northeast Missouri. The severe dryness of the drought continued to place it equal to or exceeding the drought of 1988. In Iowa, crop loses rapidly decreased the further west one went from the Mississippi River Valley and were near or just slightly below normal upon reaching an Independence to Oskaloosa Iowa line. Soybean crop losses generally were estimated at a 10‐ 15% reduction in yield across Illinois, eastern Iowa, and Northeast Missouri. There were pockets across eastern Iowa and Northeast Missouri where an estimated 20‐30% reduction in yield for soybeans was expected. By September, the drought was affecting mainly hydrologic aspects and to a lesser extent agricultural. A report of the hydrologic issues affected by the drought is supplied by the service hydrologist. In January, 2006, the six‐month precipitation total was 12.30 inches or 3.69 inches below normal and 77% of normal. The 12‐month precipitation total was 23.95 inches or 12.28 inches below normal and 66% of normal.

According to NCDC, during the period from 1980 to 2013, there was $2.010 billion in crop damages in the State resulting from drought periods.

Table 31 provides additional details regarding the affected crops and amounts annually from 2005 to 2008 in Clayton County.

Table 31 Claims Paid in Clayton County for Crop Loss as a Result of Drought, 2005‐2008 Year Crop Claims Paid ($) 2005 Corn 17,943 2005 Soybeans 2,506 2006 Corn 2,170 2006 Soybeans 719 2007 Corn 40,890 2008 Corn 48,772 2008 Soybeans 85,682 Total 198,682 Source: USDA Risk Management Agency

While no more recent statistics could be located for crop loss specifically to drought, the Risk Management Agency of the USDA does note that in the years 2011 – 2016, $39,894,069 was paid out in Clayton County alone for insured crop losses.

Probability of Future Occurrences According to the Palmer Drought Severity Index 1895‐1995 Clayton County is in an area which experienced severe and

130 extreme drought 10‐14.9 percent of the time during that 100‐ year period, which equates to an unlikely probability of occurrence.

Magnitude Drought impacts are wide‐reaching and may be economic, environmental, and/or societal. Because of their dependence on precipitation and water, the most significant impacts associated with drought in Iowa are those related to agriculture. Agricultural industry provides an economic base for Clayton County. A prolonged drought could have severe economic impacts.

Drought conditions can also cause soil to compact and not absorb water well, potentially making an area more susceptible to flooding. An ongoing drought may also leave an area more prone to wildfires. Water supply can also be of concern during periods of prolonged drought. Drought impacts increase with the length of a drought.

Limited: 10‐25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability

Warning Time 24+ hours

Duration More than 1 week

Spatial Extent As a regional phenomenon, drought can affect the entire Planning Area.

Figure 54 below shows that Clayton County is situated in an area that experiences mid‐range conditions – exactly middle on the index between drought and moist conditions.

Figure 54: Palmer Hydrological Drought Index, Long‐Term (Hydrological) Conditions as of January 2014

131 Drought can lead to shortages in municipal water supplies due to deficiency of the raw water supply and greatly increased customer water demand. In other cases the raw water supply may remain adequate, but problems can be encountered due to limited treatment or distribution capacity.

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Drought 1.70 Low

Earthquake Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Earthquake 1 1 4 1 4

Description An earthquake is sudden motion of trembling of the ground caused by shifting tectonic plates. Earthquakes are potentially catastrophic, capable of causing multiple fatalities and major structural and infrastructure damage including disruption of utilities, communications, and transportation systems. Secondary affects can include landslides, seiches, liquefaction, fires, and dam failure. Earthquakes occur very abruptly with little or no warning. However, seismic monitoring in certain cases can detect increases in the geologic and seismic activity that precedes an earthquake event. Duration typically ranges from a few seconds to a minute or two, but aftershocks can occur during the hours and weeks after the quake, usually with diminishing frequency and intensity.

Figure 55: USGS Seismic Hazard Map, 2014

Previous Occurrences Only 13 earthquakes with epicenters in Iowa are known in historic times with majority along the Mississippi River. The

132 first known occurrence was in 1867 near Sidney in southwest Iowa; the most recent occurrence was in 2004 near Shenandoah in southwest Iowa. The largest Iowa earthquake (Mercalli magnitude VI) occurred near Davenport in southeast Iowa in 1934 and resulted in only slight damage. Only the most recent of these events was instrumentally recorded.

Geologically, the epicenter of an earthquake is the point of the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

Figure 56 reflects the known history of earthquakes with epicenters in Iowa prior to 2010.

Figure 56: Historical Earthquakes in Iowa Prior to 2010

Source: Iowa Department of Natural Resources, http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/Browse/earthqua/iowa_quakes.htm Note: The orange rectangle indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

133

While more than 20 earthquakes have occurred in or around Iowa, over the past 175 years they have not seriously impacted the state.

Probability of Future Occurrences Clayton County’s probability of a magnitude 4.75+ earthquake over a 100 year time period is estimated to be 0.5 to 1.0 percent. Similar probabilities equate this to roughly a 10,000 year recurrence interval. Based on these estimates the probability of a significant earthquake in any given year is unlikely.

Unlikely: Event is probable within the next 10 years

Figure 57 reflects the 100‐year probability of a magnitude 4.75+ earthquake in the Planning Area.

Figure 57: Earthquake Probability: Magnitude ≥4.75 within 50 Kilometers in 100 Years

Source: U.S. Geological Survey, http://eqint.cr.usgs.gov/eqprob/2002/index.php Note: The black square indicates the approximate location of the Clayton County

Magnitude The amount of energy released during an earthquake is most commonly expressed on the moment magnitude scale and is measured directly from energy released from the fault or epicenter as recorded on seismographs. Another measure of earthquake magnitude is intensity. Intensity is an expression of the amount of shaking at any given location on the surface as felt by humans and defined by the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. It is typically the greatest cause of losses to structures during earthquakes and is determined by many factors including distance from epicenter and soil types.

Table 32 features abbreviated descriptions of the 12 levels of earthquake intensity.

134

Table 32: Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale MMI Felt Intensity I Not felt except by very few people under special condition. Detected mostly byinstruments. II Felt by a few people, especially those on upper floors of building. Suspended objects may swing. III Felt noticeably indoors, by a few outdoors. Standing automobiles may rockslightly. Felt by many people indoors, by a few outdoors. At night, some people are awakened. Dishes, windows, IV and doors rattle. Felt by nearly everyone. Many people are awakened. Some dishes and windows are broken. Unstable V objects are overturned. Felt by everyone. Many people become frightened and run outdoors. Some heavy furniture is moved. VI Some plaster falls. Most people are alarmed and run outside. Damage is negligible in buildings of good construction, VII considerable damage in buildings of poor construction Damage is slight in specially designed structures, considerable in ordinary buildings, great in poorly built VIII structures. Heavy furniture is overturned. Damage is considerable in specially designed buildings. Buildings shift from their foundations and partly IX collapse. Underground pipes are broken. Some well built wooden structures and destroyed. Most masonry structures are destroyed. The ground is X badly cracked. Considerable landslides occur on steep slopes. Few, if any masonry structures remain standing. Rails are bent. Broad fissures appear in the ground. XI XII Virtually total destruction. Waves are seen on the ground surface. Objects are thrown in the air. Source: Multi‐Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, FEMA 1999

Figure 58 indicates that there is a 2.0 percent probability of a peak acceleration of 4.0 gravity in the next 50 years for the Planning Area.

Figure 58: Iowa Seismic Hazard Map – Peak Acceleration (%g) with 2.0 Percent Probability of Exceedance in 50 Years

Source: U.S. Geological Survey, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/iowa/hazards.php Note: The black square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

Typically, significant earthquake damage occurs when accelerations are greater than 30 percent gravity.

Based on recurrence intervals for small earthquakes, scientists estimate a 90% chance of a Richter magnitude 6.0

135 earthquake in the New Madrid Fault Zone by 2040. A magnitude 6.5 in New Madrid would create magnitude 4 effects in Iowa resulting in little or no damage or fear.

Negligible: Less than 10 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for less than 24 hours; and/or injuries/illnesses treatable with first aid

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent Overall, Clayton County is in an area of relatively low seismic activity. The closest fault zone is the New Madrid Seismic Zone follows the Mississippi River valley from southeastern Missouri to northwestern Mississippi, roughly about 500 miles south of Clayton County.

Figure 59 reflects the location of the New Madrid Fault Line.

Figure 59: Location of the New Madrid Fault Line

Illinois

Missouri

Source: Suburban Emergency Management Project Note: The thin black lines indicate state boundaries Note: The thick orange line indicates the approximate location of the New Madrid Fault Line

Catastrophic: More than 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

136 Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Earthquake 1.60 Low Extreme Heat Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Extreme Heat 2 2 4 1 1

Description Extreme temperature events, both hot and cold, can have severe impacts on human health and morality, natural ecosystems, agriculture, and other economic sectors. Conditions for extreme heat are defined by summertime weather that is substantially hotter and/or more humid than average for a location at that time of year. This includes temperatures (including heat index) in excess of 100 degrees Fahrenheit or at least three (3) successive days of 90+ degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Ambient air temperature is one component of heat conditions, with relative humidity being the other. The relationship of these factors creates what is known as the apparent temperature, often referred to as the heat index.

Figure 60 reflects the National Weather Service Heat Index chart, producing a guide for the apparent temperature or relative intensity of heat conditions.

Figure 60: Heat Index (HI) Chart

Source: National Weather Service (NWS), http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/heat/index.shtml Note: Exposure to direct sun can increase Heat Index values by as much as 15°F. Note on the HI chart the shaded zone above 105°F. This corresponds to a level of HI that may cause increasingly sever heat disorders with continued exposure and/or physical activity.

Previous Occurrences During the period from 1996‐2015, the NCDC database lists one incident of extreme heat that would include Clayton

137 County. The event occurred for one day, July 17, 2011. There were no deaths or injuries, but $25,000 in property damage was recorded.

Dew point temperatures ranged from the upper 70s to the middle 80s through much of the time. Winds remained light through the period and were generally less than 10 mph. High temperatures during the period were generally in the 98°‐ 108°F range. Nearly every station broke the century mark by the 14th. Overnight low temperatures struggled to reach the middle 70‟s, with some areas remaining around 80°F. The highest heat indices were in the east half of Iowa, where the higher dew point temperatures were. The highest reading came from Cedar Rapids on the 13th, with a heat index of 131°F by late afternoon. Three people died from the heat, one in Des Moines, one in Marshalltown, and a third in Burlington. A significant loss occurred in livestock. Statewide figures indicate the losses approaching the $5‐$6 million range. Losses were placed at 4,000 head of cattle, 370 hogs, 1,250,000 chickens, and 250,000 turkeys. Disposal became a serious problem as rendering plants were overwhelmed. In addition to problems caused to humans and livestock, there were numerous heat buckles reported on streets and highways around the state. Early indications were there was little in the way of crop damage. The combination of light winds and extremely high dew point temperatures helped keep the crops from stressing too much. Heavy dew would form overnight that would last well into the early afternoon hours.

From 1995 to 2006, there was an annual average of 230 fatalities in the U.S. attributed to summer heat. According to the National Weather Service, among natural hazards, no other natural disaster takes greater toll.

Table 33 reflects number of known heat related fatalities per year from 1995 to 2006.

Table 33: Extreme Heat Fatalities, U.S. 1995‐2006 Heat Related Fatalities Heat Related Year Year Fatalities 1995 1,021 2002 167 1996 36 2003 36 1997 81 2004 6 1998 173 2005 158 1999 502 2006 253 2000 158 Total 2,757 2001 166 Annual Avg. (1995‐2006) 230 Source: National Weather Service (NWS), http://weather.gov/os/hazstats/images/67‐years.pdf

Heatstroke, sunstroke, cramps, exhaustion, and fatigue are possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity due to the body’s inability to dissipate the heat. Those at greatest risk for heat‐related illness include infants and children up to four years of age, people 65 years of age and older, people who are overweight, and people who are ill or on certain medications. However, even young and healthy individuals are susceptible if they participate in strenuous physical activities during hot weather. In agricultural areas, the exposure of farm workers, as well as livestock, to extreme temperatures is a major concern.

Table 34 lists typical symptoms and health impacts of exposure to extreme heat.

Table 34: Typical Health Impacts of Extreme Heat Heat Index (HI) Disorder

80‐90°F (HI) Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity 90‐105°F (HI) Sunstroke, heat cramps, and heat exhaustion possible with prolonged exposure and/or physical activity 105‐130°F (HI) Heatstroke/sunstroke highly likely with continued exposure Source: National Weather Service Heat Index Program, www.weather.gov/os/heat/index/shtml

138

The National Weather Service has a system in place to initiate alert procedures (advisories or warnings) when the Heat Index is expected to have a significant impact on public safety. The expected severity of the heat determines whether advisories or warnings are issued. A common guideline for issuing excessive heat alerts is when the maximum daytime Heat Index is expected to equal or exceed 105 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) and the night time minimum Heat Index is 80°F or above for two or more consecutive days.

Probability of Future Occurrences Based on historical information, Clayton County will likely experience approximately 23 days per year with temperatures 90°F or warmer. There is a very good chance that there will also be a period of at least three consecutive days or more with temperatures in the 90‟s. It is also common for the temperature to hit 100°F or more once every three years during the summer months.

Although periods of extreme heat generally occur on an annual basis, events that cause significant health impacts occur less frequently. Based on patterns of previous occurrences, probability of future occurrence is considered occasional.

Occasional: Event is probable within the next five years

Magnitude Due to the potential for fatalities and the possibility for the loss of electric power, periods of extreme heat can severely affect the Planning Area. In addition, accompanying drought may compound the problem exacerbating agricultural and economic losses.

The HMPC ranked the magnitude as “limited”.

Warning Time 24+ hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent The HMPC thought the spatial extent would be negligible, with less than 10% of the jurisdiction impacted.

Figure 61 graphs the record temperatures by month from 1839 to 2010.

139 Figure 61: Daily Temperature Averages and Extremes, Clayton County, 1839‐2010

Extreme Max. is the maximum of all daily maximum temperatures recorded for the day of the year Ave. Max. is the average of all daily maximum temperatures recorded for the day of the year Ave. Min. is the average of all daily minimum temperatures recorded for the day of the year Extreme Min. is the minimum of all daily minimum temperatures recorded for the day of the year Source: High Plains Regional Climate Center, http://www.hprcc.unl.edu/data/historical/index.php?state=ia&action=select_state&submit=Select+State

During the period from 1839 ‐ 2010, the National Weather Service Station in Clayton County recorded an annual average of 22.7 days over 90°F and an average of 26.3 days below 0°F.

Table 35 reflects the daily temperature extremes from 1893 to 2010 in Clayton County.

Table 35: Daily Temperature Maximum and Minimum, Clayton County, 1893‐2010 # Days ≥ 90°F # Days ≤ 32°F # Days ≤ 32°F # Days ≤ 0°F Month Daily High Temperature Daily Low Temperature January 0.0 19.4 30.3 10.9 February 0.0 13.8 27.2 7.6 March 0.0 4.7 25.3 1.2 April 0.1 0.2 12.5 0.0 May 0.8 0.0 2.4 0.0 June 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 July 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 August 6.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 September 2.2 0.0 1.7 0.0 October 0.1 0.1 10.5 0.0 November 0.0 4.1 22.8 0.6 December 0.0 15.4 29.6 6.1 Annual 22.6 57.6 162.5 26.5 Source: High Plains Regional Climate Center Table updated in March, 2011

140 Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Extreme Heat 2.15 Low

Flash Flood

Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Flash Flood 4 4 1 4 3

Description A flash flood is an event that occurs with little or no warning where water levels rise at an extremely fast rate. Flash flooding results from intense rainfall over a brief period, sometimes combined with rapid snowmelt, ice jam release, frozen ground, saturated soil, or impermeable surfaces. Most flash flooding is caused by slow‐moving thunderstorms or thunderstorms repeatedly moving over the same area. Flash flooding is an extremely dangerous form of flooding which can reach full peak in only a few minutes and allows little or no time for protective measures to be taken by those in its path. Flash flood waters move at very fast speeds and can move boulders, tear out trees, scour channels, destroy buildings, and obliterate bridges. Flash flooding often results in higher loss of life, both human and animal, than slower developing river and stream flooding.

Except fire, floods are the most common and widespread of all‐natural disasters. In Iowa, as much as 21 inches of rain has fallen in a 24 hour period. The latest significant event to affect Iowa occurred in June/July of 2008. This event resulted in a Presidential Disaster Declaration due to widespread personal and physical property losses. Since then, many flash flood events have occurred across Iowa though mostly localized events. Between 1993 and 2009 there have been seven (7) deaths and thirteen (13) injuries related to flash flooding in the State of Iowa.

The onset of flooding varies depending on the cause and type. Flash flooding typically occurs with little or no warning. The duration of flash flood conditions is generally less than one day, but in exceptional cases can extend for much longer periods.

Previous Occurrences Majority of Clayton County’s flooding events are due to river floods, but the threat for flash flooding does still exist.

The NCDC reports 23 flash flooding events in Clayton County between 1996 and 2015. Notable event details provided by the NCDC are summarized below: April 25, 2008 ‐ Excessive rainfall amounts of 3 to 6 inches occurred during the late night of April 24 into the early morning of April 25, which caused flash flooding. The emergency manager indicated a park was flooded near Elkader along with some homes on the south side of Elkader. There were also numerous road closures across the county, with mudslides reported near Millville. Also near Millville, some freight train cars fell into the Turkey River due to a bridge collapse. St. Olaf had about $35,000 in damages, mostly due to erosion. At least two bridges were washed out in the county. Runoff from the heavy rainfall kept water levels high through the end of April on the Turkey River and Mississippi River. October 7, 2007 – Thunderstorms with heavy rainfall repeatedly moved across the southern part of Clayton County during the evening of October 7, producing 3 to 5 inches of rain within about three hours. Several roads were under water, as reported by law enforcement officials and the public. Water was over the road near the intersection of Harvest Road and Glacier Road. Bear Creek was also reported out of its banks with extensive lowland flooding. July 17, 2007 ‐ During the evening hours of July 17, thunderstorms began forming over parts of Northeast Iowa. These

141 storms continued into the early morning hours of July 18, producing significant flash flooding. Rainfall totaled 9.47 inches and 8.09 inches of rain respectively in McGregor and Marquette. Due to the excessive rainfall, numerous homes were flooded, while debris consisting of mud, rocks and trees flowed off hill sides. Mud slides caused trees to fall down off Mississippi River bluffs onto roads and cars were floating in the town of McGregor. In addition, law enforcement officials reported cars and liquid propane tanks floating, as flood waters reached as much as seven feet deep. Numerous locations across Northeast Clayton County had wash outs, high water, and damage.

Probability of Future Occurrences Minor flash flooding occurs close to an annual basis, but damaging flash floods occur roughly every three years. According to the HMPC, the probability of future flash flooding with significant impacts in Clayton County is considered highly likely.

As land is converted from fields or woodlands to roads and parking lots, it loses its ability to absorb rainfall. Urbanization increases runoff 2 to 6 times over what would occur on natural terrain. As more development occurs in watersheds, the amount of runoff produced also increases; the probability of future occurrence in the Planning Area would potentially increase as well.

Highly likely: Event is probable within the next calendar year

Magnitude Factors that directly affect the amount of flood runoff include precipitation, intensity and distribution, the amount of soil surface areas due to urbanization. The term “flash flood” describes localized floods of great volume and short duration.

There have been 7 deaths and 13 injuries in the State of Iowa related to flash flooding between 1993 and 2009; no deaths or injuries are reportedly related to flash flooding in Clayton County since 1993.

Flash floods can quickly inundate areas thought to be out of flood‐prone areas. Loss of life; property damage and destruction; damage and disruption of communications, transportation, electric service, and community services; crop and livestock damage and loss and interruption of business are common impacts from flash flooding.

With the primary threat of flash floods occurring in the unincorporated area, rural and agricultural land and property experience the most occurrences; fortunately the number of people and structures in that area are limited.

Limited: 10‐25 percent of property severely damaged, shutdown of facilities and services for more than one week; and/or injuries/illnesses do not result in permanent disability

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 1 day

Spatial Extent People and property particularly at risk are those in low‐lying areas; close to dry creek beds or drainage ditches; near water, narrow stream channels, saturated soil, or on land with large amounts of impermeable surfaces; or downstream from a dam, levee, or storage basin.

People and property in areas with insufficient storm sewers and other drainage infrastructure can also be put at risk because the drains cannot rid the area of the runoff quickly enough, which is an enhanced concern in Clayton County

142 with several steep bluffs and valleys adding to the runoff. Areas in a floodplain can certainly be impacted, but unlike areas impacted by a river/stream flood, flash floods can impact areas a good distance from the stream itself. Streets can become swift moving rivers, and basements can fill with flash flood waters in a manner of minutes

Limited: 10‐25% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Flash Flood 3.50 High

Grass and Wild Land Fire

Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Grass and Wild Land Fire 2 2 4 1 1

Description Since protecting people and structures takes priority, a wildfire’s cost to natural resources, crops, and pastured livestock can be ecologically and economically devastating. In addition to the health and safety impacts to those directly affected by fires, the state is also concerned about the health effects of smoke emissions to surrounding areas.

Grass and wild land fires in Iowa are frequently associated with lightning and drought conditions, as dry conditions make vegetation more flammable. As new development encroaches into the wild land‐urban interface (areas where development occurs within or immediately adjacent to wild lands, near fire‐prone trees, brush, and/or other vegetation), more and more structures and people are at risk. On occasion, farmers intentionally ignite vegetation to restore soil nutrients or alter the existing vegetation growth. These fires have the potential to erupt into wild land fires.

Previous Occurrence The State of Iowa’s 2013 Hazard Mitigation Plan reports Iowa experienced 1,817 wildfires spanning 33,122 acres from 2002 – 2012 in Iowa.

In Clayton County, a very moist region and near many waterways, the small towns and hill country side rarely have grass or wild land fires. According to the Clayton County Emergency Management Coordinator and the HMPC, the County has more concern with small back yard campfires and are in the process of implementing burn ban ordinances.

According to the National Interagency Fire Center, no historically significant wildfires have occurred in the State of Iowa. Recent conversations with fire units, EMA and searches in public news on the internet have shown no new data for significant grass or wild land fires.

Probability of Future Occurrence Given that controlled burning does occur in the surrounding area for agricultural or other purposes, this burning has the risk of unintentional spreading, so the probability was rated and included.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

143

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent Clayton County consists of and is surrounded by rural area which is vulnerable to grass and wild land fire given the supporting conditions. In the event of an occurrence, typically the fire is contained and distinguished before it can spread to an area larger than 10% of the Planning Area.

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Grass or Wildfire 2.15 Moderate

Hailstorm

Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Hailstorm 4 2 4 2 4

Description Hailstorms in Iowa cause damage to property, crops, and the environment, and harm livestock. Because of the large agricultural industry in Iowa, crop damage and livestock losses due to hail are of great concern to the state. Even relatively small hail can cause serious damage to crops and trees. Vehicles, roofs of buildings and homes, and landscaping are the other things most commonly damaged by hail. Hail has been known to cause injury and the occasional fatality to humans, often associated with traffic accidents.

Hail is associated with thunderstorms that can also bring powerful winds and tornadoes. A hailstorm forms when updrafts carry raindrops into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere where they condense and freeze. Hail falls when it becomes heavy enough to overcome the strength of the updraft and is pulled by gravity towards the earth. The onset of hailstorms is generally rapid.

Table 36 describes typical damage impacts due to various sizes of hail.

Table 36: Tornado and Storm Research Organization Hailstorm Intensity Scale Intensity Diameter Diameter Size Typical Damage Impacts Category (mm) (inches) Description Hard Hail 5‐9 0.2‐0.4 Pea No damage Potentially 10‐15 0.4‐.06 Mothball Slight general damage to plants, crops Damaging Significant 16‐20 0.6‐0.8 Marble, grape Significant damage to fruit, crops, vegetation Severe damage to fruit and crops, damage to glass Severe 21‐30 0.8‐1.2 Walnut and plastic structures, paint and wood scored Pigeon's egg > Widespread glass damage, vehicle bodywork Severe 31‐40 1.2‐1.6 squash ball damage

144 Golf ball > Wholesale destruction of glass, damage tiled roofs, Destructive 41‐50 1.6‐2.0 Pullet's egg significant risk of injuries Bodywork of grounded aircraft dented, brick walls Destructive 51‐60 2.0‐2.4 Hen's egg pitted Tennis ball > Destructive 61‐75 2.4‐3.0 Severe roof damage, risk of serious injuries cricket ball Large orange > Destructive 76‐90 3.0‐3.5 Severe damage to aircraft bodywork Softball

Super Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or 91‐100 3.6‐3.9 Grapefruit Hailstorms even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open Super Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or >100 4.0+ Melon Hailstorms even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open

Source: Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO), Department of Geography, Oxford Brooke University Notes: In addition to hail diameter, factors including number and density of hailstones, hail fall speed and surface wind speeds affect severity.

Previous Occurrences The NCDC reports 87 hail events in Clayton County from 1996‐2015. During this period, $552,550 were recorded in property damages and $9.342 million in crop damages.

Notable hailstorm event details provided by the NCDC are summarized below: April 6, 2010. Thunderstorms developed during the late afternoon north of a slow moving warm front. These storms produced large hail across parts of Fayette and Clayton counties. The hail sized range from three quarters of an inch up to golf ball. July 24, 2009. Clusters of severe thunderstorms generated by an approaching cold front affected part of Northeast Iowa during the afternoon and early evening of July 24. Reports of hail up to 2 inches in diameter were common from storm spotters, law enforcement officials and the public, with a report of close to softball size hail near Ossian (Winneshiek County). In addition, wind gusts between 55 and 65 mph occurred. Crop damage due to the large hail was estimated in the millions of dollars. Two sets of storms about five hours apart hit Fayette and Winneshiek Counties exceptionally hard with hail damage to buildings and many corn and bean fields stripped clean. In Clayton County, 47,000 acres were hit with $10 million in damage May 25, 2008. A cold front moved across northern Iowa during the late afternoon and evening hours on May 25, triggering severe thunderstorms ahead of it. These storms produced significant tornado activity south of the area, but also generated large hail that ranged in size from pennies to as large as tennis balls east and north of the tornado tracks. July 17, 2007. An upper level disturbance moved along a stationary front over northern Iowa during the afternoon of July 17th. This allowed an isolated severe thunderstorm to develop and produce penny and nickel size hail over parts of Clayton County in Northeast Iowa. April 13, 2006. Hail the size of quarters and golf balls, as well as wind gusts estimated at 70 mph, was reported by spotters and the public. April 17, 2005. Hail ranging in size from pennies to golf balls was reported by the public and amateur radio operators.

Probability of Future Occurrences Probability for hail events is highest in the late spring and plays a significant role in agriculture and property damage in the county. Occurrences are likely.

Figure 62 reflects Planning Area’s daily probability of a hailstorm, 2” diameter or larger, from 1980 to 1999.

145 Figure 62: Clayton County’s Daily Hailstorm Probability, 2” Diameter or Larger, 1980‐1999

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/hazardmap.html

For example, a y‐axis value of 2.0 would indicate a two percent chance of receiving the chosen type of severe weather on the date indicated by the x‐axis value.

Figure 63 reflects the United States‟ probability of hailstorm occurrence, 2” diameter or larger, based on number of days per year within a 12.5 mile radius of a given point on the map, from 1980 to 1994.

146 Figure 63: Annual Hailstorm Probability (2” diameter or larger), United States, 1980‐1994

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl/noaa.gov/users/brooks/public_html/bighail.gif Note: Black square indicates approximate location of Clayton County

The Planning Area is located where the probability of hail two inches or more is 0.50–0.75 days per year.

Magnitude In addition to concerns for public safety, assets that are vulnerable to hail damage include crops and built structures. Of these, crop damage from hailstorms is the most common and the most costly. The peak hail activity coincides with the Midwest’s peak agricultural season. Large hail can devastate crops that are at vulnerable stages in the plant/harvest cycle, and it is possible for a great percentage of crop yields to be lost as a result of even a single hail event.

Structure damage due to hail is usually covered under private insurance. Information on specific structural damage costs in the Planning Area as a result of hail damage was not available.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent The entire Planning Area is at risk to hailstorms.

147 Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Hailstorm 3.30 Moderate

Hazardous Materials Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Hazardous Materials 2 2 4 4 2

Description With the 2013 State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, this hazard now incorporates the following hazards from the 2007 state plan: fixed hazardous materials incident, pipeline transportation incident, and hazardous materials transportation incident. This includes the accidental release of flammable or combustible, explosive, toxic, noxious, corrosive, oxidizable, an irritant or radioactive substances or mixtures that can pose a risk to life, health or property possibly requiring evacuation.

A fixed hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incident is the accidental release of chemical substances or mixtures, which presents a danger to the public health or safety, during production or handling at a fixed facility. A hazardous substance is one that may cause damage to persons, property, or the environment when released to soil, water, or air.

Chemicals are manufactured and used in ever‐increasing types and quantities, each year, over 1,000 new synthetic chemicals are introduced, and as many as 500,000 products pose physical or health hazards and can be defined as “hazardous chemicals”. Hazardous substances are categorized as toxic, corrosive, flammable, irritant, or explosive. Hazardous material incidents generally affect a localized area and the use of planning and zoning can minimize the area of impact.

A pipeline transportation incident occurs when a break in a pipeline creates the potential for an explosion or leak of a dangerous substance (oil, gas, etc.) possibly requiring evacuation. An underground pipeline incident can be caused by environmental disruption, accidental damage, or sabotage. Incidents can range from a small slow leak to a large rupture where an explosion is possible.

A HAZMAT transportation incident is the accidental release of chemical substances or mixtures, which presents a danger to the public health or safety, during transport via air, roadway, railway, or waterway.

Previous Occurrence During the period 2000‐2010, according to the 2013 State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, fixed facilities experienced 4,972 incidents according to the Iowa Department Natural Resources (DNR). Fixed facility releases accounted for 57.6% of total releases. (Note: the number of trips to drug related operations has risen sharply in the state.) There are 4,057 sites in Iowa that because of the volume or toxicity of the materials on site are designated as Tier Two facilities under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.

The documentation of previous fixed HAZMAT incidents in Clayton County specifically could not be located. Members of the HMPC during the planning process did recall recent occurrences; specifically, with major flooding, anhydrous tanks have been carried away by the flood waters.

According to the U.S. DOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, there have been zero reports of

148 HAZMAT transportation incidents in Clayton County in the last 10 years.

There has not been a previous occurrence of a pipeline transportation incident in Clayton County. However, the same petroleum pipeline that goes through Clayton County was hit in approximately 2005, near Greeley, Iowa (one county to the south); this resulted in the release of thousands of gallons of diesel fuel. A natural gas pipeline incident occurred in Oelwein, Iowa (one county to the west) in approximately 2005.

Probability of Future Occurrence Despite increasing safeguards, more and more potentially hazardous materials are being used in commercial, agricultural, and domestic uses and are being transported on Iowa roads and railways.

Occasional: Event is probable within the next five years.

Magnitude Most HAZMAT incidents are localized and are quickly contained or stabilized by the highly trained HAZMAT teams. Depending on the characteristics of the HAZMAT or the volume of the product involved, the affected area can be as small as a room in a building or as large as 5 square miles or more. The occurrence of a HAZMAT incident many times shuts down transportation corridors for hours at a time while the scene is stabilized, the product is off‐ loaded, and reloaded on a replacement container.

Immediate dangers from hazardous materials include fires and explosions. The release of some toxic gases may cause immediate death, disablement, or sickness if absorbed through the skin, injected, or inhaled. Some chemicals cause painful and damaging burns if they come in direct contact with skin. Contamination of air, ground, or water may result in harm to fish, wildlife, livestock, and crops. The release of hazardous materials into the environment may cause debilitation, disease, or birth defects over a long period of time.

Limited: 10 – 25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than one week; and/or injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration More than 1 week

Spatial Extent A HAZMAT accident can occur almost anywhere, so any area is considered vulnerable to an accident. People, pets, livestock, and vegetation in close proximity to facilities producing, storing, or transporting hazardous substances are at higher risk.

In the event of a HAZMAT incident, most are localized and are quickly contained or stabilized by the highly trained fire departments and HAZMAT teams. Depending on the characteristic of the HAZMAT or the volume of product involved, the affected area can be as small as a room in a building or as large as 5 square miles or more. Many times, additional regions outside the immediately affected area are evacuated for precautionary reasons. More widespread effects occur when the product contaminates the municipal water supply or water system such as a river, lake, or aquifer.

For the Planning Area, there are 16 Tier II HAZMAT sites. For security reasons, the site locations are not disclosed within this plan.

Limited: 10 – 25% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

149

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Hazardous Materials 3.55 Moderate

Human Disease Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Hazardous Materials 1 2 2 4 2

Description This hazard covers a human disease incident and pandemic human disease. This includes a medical, health, or sanitation threat to the general public (such as contamination, epidemics, plaques, insect infestations, and pandemics).

An incident related to human disease is defined as a medical, health or sanitation threat to the general public (such as contamination, epidemics, plagues and insect infestation). There are over 60 infectious diseases that are designated notifiable at the national level. A notifiable disease is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).

The highest rates of infectious disease in the State of Iowa come from: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Salmonellosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, Pertussis, E‐Coli, HIV and Lyme Disease. Also on the “watch list” for health officials due to the severity of the illnesses are Ebola and Zika viruses.

A pandemic human disease is defined as a disease that has spread around the world to many people, causing illness in a person on every continent. Examples include HIV/AIDS/Influenza.

Geographic Location Human disease can occur anywhere within the planning area.

Previous Occurrence Figure 64, below, notes where Lyme Disease has been reported in 2011. Clayton County is one of the counties in which the incident range is between 10 and 100. This tick‐borne disease is more prevalent in Northeast Iowa than elsewhere in the state.

150 Figure 64: Incidence of Reported Cases of Lyme Disease per County, 2007

Source: (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011)

From 1900‐2000, there were three influenza pandemics, all about 30 years apart. This seems to follow the same trend with the next occurrence to have affected Iowa beginning in 2009 with the H1N1 influenza virus causing 659 hospitalizations with lab confirmed H1N1 since 9/1/2009 and resulting in 41 fatalities. Typically people who become ill are the elderly, the very young and people with chronic medical conditions and high risk behaviors. Approximately 22% of Iowa’s population is considered high risk.

Probability of Future Occurrence The Iowa Department of Public Health tracks epidemiological statistics in Iowa. Public health agencies work to protect Iowans from infectious disease and preserve the health and safety of Iowans through disease surveillance, investigation of suspect outbreaks, education and consultation to county, local and health agencies. Historically, pandemics occur every 30 years.

Magnitude Public health agencies also work to reduce the impact of communicable diseases in Iowa and to eliminate the morbidity associated with these diseases. Programs guide community‐based prevention planning, monitor current infectious disease trends, prevent transmission of infectious diseases and provide early detection and treatment for infected persons. Whiles vaccines are available for many diseases, Iowans remain vulnerable to other diseases known and unknown.

Warning Time 12 to 24 hours

151

Duration More than 1 week

Spatial Extent 10‐25% of the population impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Human Disease 1.80 Low

Infrastructure Failure Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Infrastructure Failure 1 2 4 4 2

Description The 2013 State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation plan, this hazard incorporates the following hazards from the 2007 state plan: Communication Failure, Energy Failure, Structural Failure, and Structural Fire. This includes an extended interruption, widespread breakdown, or collapse (part or all) of any public or private infrastructure that threatens life and property.

Communication failure is the widespread breakdown or disruption of normal communication capabilities. Mechanical failure, traffic accidents, power failure, line severance, and weather can affect communication systems and disrupt service. Disruptions and failures can range from localized and temporary to widespread and long‐term. If switching stations are affected, the outage could be more widespread.

Energy failure is an extended interruption of service either electric, petroleum or natural gas, which by an actual or impending acute shortage of usable energy. Disruptions and failures could create a potential health problem for the population and possibly mass panic.

International events could potentially affect supplies of energy producing products while local conditions could affect distribution of electricity, petroleum or natural gas.

The collapse (part or all) of any public or private structure including roads, bridges, towers, and buildings is considered a structural failure. A road, bridge, or building may collapse due to the failure of the structural components or because the structure was overloaded. Natural events such as heavy snow may cause the roof of a building to collapse (under the weight of snow). Heavy rains and flooding can undercut and washout a road or bridge. The age of the structure is sometimes independent of the cause of the failure.

A structural fire is an uncontrolled fire in populated areas that threatens life and property and is beyond normal day‐to‐ day response capability. Structural fires present a far greater threat to life and property and the potential for much larger economic losses.

Previous Occurrence No widespread communication failures have occurred in Iowa. Local incidents; due to weather conditions, equipment

152 failure, excavation incidents, or traffic accidents have been reported, the outages were usually resolved in a timely manner. Local communication failures are likely to affect small areas of a county. Many areas in Clayton County, especially those communities located in valleys, experience communication disruptions daily.

The nation‐wide energy crisis of the 1970s had significant impact on many consumers in Iowa. High inflation and unemployment were associated with the excessive dependence on foreign oil during the early and mid‐1970s. An energy shortage of that magnitude has not affected Iowa in recent years.

There have been several sporadic structural failures in Clayton County, especially roads and bridges, mostly due flooding. There is no central collection point for this information.

Structural fires are a regular occurrence in Clayton County, as with all counties. Nearly all are quickly extinguished by on‐site personnel or local fire departments.

Probability of Future Occurrence Local incidents of communication failure due to weather, etc. are likely to occur on a yearly basis, but these incidents lasting long‐term are unlikely. Widespread communication losses are unlikely due to backup systems and redundant system designs.

The State of Iowa and the federal government have strategies to limit the likelihood of an energy shortage or failure and keep energy supply and demand in check. Natural events, human destruction, price escalation, and national security energy emergencies can cause unavoidable energy shortages. Because the distribution systems are very developed, local shortages can quickly be covered.

The cause of failure is often found in deficiencies of design, material, or inspection. With the aging structures in Clayton County along with problems with new materials discussed above, structural failures will continue to occur. Efforts to inspect and maintain these structures will lessen the probability of a failure.

Much of the fire prevention efforts have gone into nonresidential fires and the results have been highly effective. Even with an increase in the prevention efforts in residential fires, both residential and nonresidential fires will continue to occur. Structural fires with the potential to exceed local fire department response resources and their mutual aid partners are unlikely in any given year.

Unlikely: Event is probable within the next ten years

Magnitude Communication failure could include major telephone outages, loss of local government radio facilities, long‐term interruption of electronic broadcast services, emergency 911, law enforcement, fire, emergency medical services, public works, and emergency warning systems are just a few of the vital services which rely on communication systems to effectively protect citizens.

Iowa is almost entirely dependent on out‐of‐state resources for energy, world and regional fuel disruptions are felt in Iowa (but use of wind and solar power is playing a larger role in many states’ energy portfolios and economies). It is likely that increasing prices will occur as market mechanisms are used to manage supply disruptions. This will disproportionately affect the low‐income population. Agricultural, industrial, and transportation sectors are also vulnerable to supply, consumption, and price fluctuations. Individual consumers such as commuters are also vulnerable.

The impacts of the failed structure would be contained to the immediate area and adjacent properties. This could be as

153 small as a house with a fallen chimney, or the area could be relatively extensive if the structure that failed was a multi‐ story building or bridge. Dam and levee failures would affect a much larger area and are discussed as separate hazards.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration More than 1 week

Spatial Extent The entire Planning Area is susceptible to infrastructure failure.

Limited: 10‐25% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Infrastructure Failure 2.05 Moderate

Landslide Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Landslide 2 2 4 1 1

Description Landslides occur when susceptible rock, earth, or debris moves down a slope under the force of gravity and water. Landslides may be very small or very large, and can move at slow to very high speeds. A natural phenomenon, small scale landslides have been occurring in slide‐ prone areas of Iowa long before human occupation. New landslides can occur because of excessive rainfall, fires, earthquakes, and various human activities that modify slope and drainage.

There have been numerous small‐scale landslide events in Iowa, none resulting in injury or death. The geographic extent of the historic events has been limited to less than a city block in size and has “run out” over the stretch of less than 100 yards. A portion of the state is moderately susceptible to landslides; in northeastern Iowa, along the Silurian Escarpment you can find blocks of dolomite slumped onto the underlying Maquoketa Shale which creates a situation vulnerable to landsides.

Previous Occurrences No known agency documents historical data on landslides. The best available data was personal knowledge of the HMPC. It was noted that numerous landslides have occurred in Clayton County the past, but not on a common basis. Figure 55 obtained by the USGS shows the area shaded green has a low incidence rating (less than 1.5% of area involved).

Of the Primary Participating Jurisdictions, the Cities of Clayton, Millville, North Buena Vista and Osterdock each noted landslide occurrences within their city limits.

154 Probability of Future Occurrences The HMPC evaluated the probability of a significant landslide event in the Planning Area and decided there was an „occasional‟ probability of occurrence, noting that probability is highest when heavy rains occur in the area.

Occasional: Event is probable within the next five years

Magnitude In Iowa, landslides are on a much localized scale. Injuries and deaths are very unlikely except in the case of undetected slope failure warning signs in structures overlooking steep slopes. Property damage would be limited to a very small percentage of structures. Infrastructure damage would be more significant. Utilities such as pipelines, cables, power poles, etc. are often vulnerable to downward movements of the soil. Transportation routes can also be disrupted.

Limited: 10‐25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent The area shaded green in Figure 65 below shows where landslides would be most likely to occur in Clayton County, particularly where structures overlook river valleys and steep ravines. The City of Volga is located in an area that has moderate landslide incidence (1.5‐15% of the area involved); the Cities of Clayton, Edgewood, Farmersburg, Garnavillo, Guttenberg, Marquette, McGregor, Monona, and Strawberry Point are located in an area that has a low landslide incidence (less than 1.5% of area involved), according to the USGS. The Cities of Elkader, Elkport, Garber, Luna, North Buena Vista, Osterdock, and St. Olaf are located in an area with moderate susceptibility and low incidence according to the USGS. Data limitations prevent further analysis.

Figure 65 below shows the landslide incidence and susceptibility in Clayton County.

155 Figure 65: Landslide Incidences and Susceptibility

Source: United States Geological Survey, http://www‐atlas.usgs.gov/natlas/Natlasstart.asp

In the event of a landslide occurrence in Clayton County, it is most likely to be small‐scale and not cover a large area because of the nature of a single slope does not span over large distances.

Negligible: Less than 10% of the jurisdiction to be impacted.

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index Significance Landslide 2.15 Moderate

Levee Failure Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Levee Failure 1 2 4 4 3

Description Levee failure is a loss of structural integrity of a wall, dike, berm, or elevated soil by erosion, piping, saturation, overtopping, or under seepage causing water to inundate normally dry areas. The secondary effect of levee failure is flooding.

Previous Occurrences The available documentation of floods experienced in the past by Clayton County does not include details regarding levee failure. It is believed by the HMPC that the waters overtopped the levees in 1991, 1993, 1999, 2004, and 2008.

156 Probability of Future Occurrences The rate of failure of a levee is difficult to predict, and sudden failure is a possibility. Proper design and construction can limit the probability of a levee failure. The HMPC determined river flooding events in which the water overtops the current levees has the probability of future occurrence of levee failure to be „likely‟.

Magnitude Residents behind levees often have a false sense of security. If the actual risk is not communicated to the residents, the impacts could be devastating. In a municipal setting the severity and duration may be important for life safety and health reasons, but in an agricultural area for economic reasons.

Water bursting through a narrow levee breach is moving much faster than the floodwaters in the main channel. The breaking out of this front water and its fast flow can cause more destruction to structures behind the levee than floodwaters in the main channel would have caused. A failed levee continues to cause damage long after it breaks. The breach allows large volumes of water to enter formerly dry areas, forming temporary lakes. Such lakes do not go away immediately, because the lake is blocked from returning to the main channel by levee segments that were not destroyed. Consequently, the water level drops along the main river days before it drops behind breached levees. Often, pumps behind the levees are needed to remove floodwaters that breach the levees. This alleviates some of the impacts associated with levee failures.

River flooding impacts worsened by levee failure include property damage and destruction; damage and disruption of communications, transportation, energy service, and community services; crop and livestock damage. Major river flooding worsened by levee failure could affect the entire Planning Area in some way ‐ be it closed roads, resulting in limited access to business or residential areas, or the cost incurred to the jurisdictions.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration More than 1 week

Spatial Extent The levee information provided by FEMA Region VII listed Clayton County levees in Elkader, Guttenberg and Volga as federally constructed and sponsor operated or levees congressionally incorporated into the Federal Levee System. FEMA Region VII also identified a non‐federal levee in Elkport.

Table 37 lists the levees identified by FEMA Region VII.

Table 37: Levees identified by FEMA Region VII in Clayton County, 2010 Federal or Non‐ City River Population Level of Protection Federal Elkader Turkey Urban 50‐99 year flood Federal Guttenberg Mississippi Urban 100‐500 year flood Federal Volga Volga Agriculture 0‐24 year flood Federal Elkport Volga Urban 50‐99 year flood Non‐Federal Source: State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013

All four of the above levees are on the Iowa Interagency Levee Work Group (ILWG) request for rehabilitation sites as of 2010.

157 There are several other structures that serve as levees throughout Clayton County even though not identified by FEMA Region VII. Of the Primary Participating Jurisdictions, the Cities of Clayton and Osterdock each noted levee existence within their city limits, as well as one in the now unincorporated county area of the former Millville.

Floodwaters breeching a levee are usually contained to the floodplain.

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index Significance Levee Failure 3.15 High

Radiological Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Radiological 2 2 4 2 1

Description This hazard covers events of fixed radiological incident sand transportation radiological incidents. This includes an incident resulting in a release of radiological material in route or at a fixed facility such as a power plant or hospital. Sources of radioactive materials include medical products, industrial products, nuclear power plan fuel, nuclear weapons, and radioactive waste from hospitals, laboratories, nuclear reactors and military facilities.

The term “nuclear accident” has no strict technical definition, but generally refers to events involving the release of significant levels of radiation. Most commercial nuclear facilities in the United States were developed in the mid‐1960s and are designed to withstand aircraft attack and should withstand most natural hazards even though they may not have been specifically designed to do so.

The nuclear facilities nearest Clayton County include the Prairie Island Facility in southeastern Minnesota, in Welch, and the Duane Arnold Energy Center in Palo, Iowa. Figure 66 illustrates the locations of plants in and around Iowa.

Figure 66: Operating Nuclear Power Reactors in and Around Iowa

Source: www.nonukes.org Transportation incidents are described as an incident resulting in a release of radioactive material during transport.

158 Transporting radioactive materials through Iowa over the interstate highway system is considered a radiological hazard and is license and regulated by the federal government.

When these materials are moved across Iowa highways, Iowa officials are notified and appropriate escorts are provided. Two types of radioactive materials are shipped over the interstate highways: low level and high level waste. Low level waste consists of materials that have been contaminated by low level radioactive substances, but generally pose no serious threat except through long term exposure.

High level waste, usually in the form of spent fuel from nuclear plants, is transported in specially, is transported in specially constructed casks that are built to withstand a direct hit from a locomotive.

Geographic Location An occurrence of this nature would occur within a certain perimeter of the location of an incident, either a fixed or transportation‐based.

Previous Occurrence No incident related to a release of radioactive materials beyond plant walls have been noted in the plants nearest the county, in over 50 years of nuclear power production in the U.S., no deaths or injuries from radiation have been recorded among the general public. Each of the nuclear facilities in the country identifies a 10‐mile radius Emergency Planning Zone and 50‐mile radius Ingestion Pathway Zone.

Since 1990, hundreds of radioactive shipments have been made through Iowa. There have been no occurrences of a radiological transportation incident in Iowa. Transportation accidents are the most common type of incident involving radioactive materials because of the sheer number of radioactive shipments. The rail and highway routes used in Iowa largely follow the interstate highway system; however, state highways are also used in the transportation of this material. No routes for the shipment of radioactive waste go through the county.

Probability of Future Occurrence Previous occurrences would indicate “occasional” probability that a radiological incident will occur in any given year. Operators of facilities that use radioactive materials and transporters of radioactive waste are closely regulated by a variety of federal, state and local organizations, making the likelihood of an incident remote.

Magnitude Depending on the level of exposure, radiation can cause loss of life and long and short term health effects. Time, distance, and shielding minimize radiation exposure to the body. Nuclear radiation above normal levels could be a health and safety consideration because of its ability to damage human cells biologically.

Specialized training is needed to respond to these types of incidents. If inadequately trained personnel attempt to respond, the impacts could be the same as those for the general public exposed to the toxic materials. Proper training and equipment greatly reduce the risk to response personnel. The danger to the public is less than a wide array of other hazardous materials. Those working with or near sources of radiation are at a greater risk than the general citizens of the state.

159 If the land and facilities cannot be used for weeks, months, or even years, the loss of production would be devastating. Economic impacts would be multi‐sector and long‐lasting, especially in and around the affected region. Given the location of transportation routes and existing facilities, the HMPC determined the magnitude to be limited.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than one day

Spatial Extent Limited with 10‐25% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index Significance Radiological 2.25 Moderate

River Flood Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent River Flood 4 4 1 4 3

Description River flooding is defined as when a watercourse exceeds its “bank‐full” capacity and is the most common type of flood event. River flooding generally occurs as a result of prolonged rainfall, or rainfall that is combined with solids already saturated from previous rain events. The area adjacent to a river channel is its floodplain. In its common usage, “floodplain” most often refers to that area that is inundated by the 100‐year flood, the flood that has a 1 percent chance in any given year of being equaled or exceeded. The 1 percent annual flood is the national standard to which communities regulate their floodplains through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

Floods are the most common and widespread of all‐natural disasters except fire. Floodwaters can be extremely dangerous. The force of six inches of swiftly moving water can knock people off their feet and two feet of water can float a car. Floods can be slow‐, or fast‐rising. River flooding is a natural and expected phenomenon that occurs annually, usually restricted to specific streams, rivers or watershed areas.

One of the climate change impacts noted in the 2010 Climate Change Impacts on Iowa report by the Iowa Climate Change Impacts Committee is the increase in frequently of sever precipitation events. This climate changes was also noted in the Flash Flood analysis. Although very heavy precipitation does not always result in riverine flooding, it can if/when the very heavy precipitation occurs frequently without enough time for the watershed to drain away as much water is coming in due to precipitation in the watershed or upstream watersheds.

Clayton County has repeatedly endured extensive damage by river floods from the Turkey, Volga, and Mississippi Rivers as well as their many creeks, streams and tributaries.

160 Previous Occurrences The majority of Clayton County’s flooding events are due to river floods. In recent history, the County has continued to be severely damaged by floods in 1947, 1991, 1999, 2001, 2004, and 2008.

The NCDC reports 69 river flooding events in Clayton County between 1996 and 2015. Selected details available from the NCDC of river flood events are: September 28, 2010. Heavy rains in the middle part of September across parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin produced considerable flooding on many tributaries of the Mississippi River flooding. The river exceeded the flood stage through the remainder of the month, but did not crest until early October. July 7, 2010. Rounds of heavy rain in early July pushed the Volga and Turkey Rivers out of their banks; the Turkey River exceeded the flood stage by a half foot in Elkader cresting at 12.52 feet. June 8, 2008. The Turkey River at Garber had a major flood and crested at 29.1 feet around 11:30 a.m. CDT on June 10. The all‐time record crest of 32.8 feet occurred on May 23, 2004. Flood stage is 17.0 feet. Episode Narrative: A warm front extended east to west across the Upper Mississippi Valley on June 7, which provided the focus for thunderstorms producing excessive rainfall. In fact, these storms exhibited very high rainfall rates, which led to 1 to 2 inch rainfall amounts in an hour. As the storms congealed into a larger scale line of thunderstorms, they continued to move over the same areas, which led to significant flash flooding through the evening and overnight. On June 8, the warm front was lingering across the region, but a cold front approached out of the northern Plains. Showers and storms would redevelop during the day in the vicinity of the warm front, while a line of storms developed out ahead of the cold front, with these tracking across the region Sunday night. Again, copious amounts of moisture lead to periods of heavy rain. The heavy rainfall on June 8 enhanced the already dangerous flooding conditions across parts of Northeast Iowa. Many roads were already closed from the June 7 rains due to water over the roadways, mudslides, or partial washouts. Conditions only worsened, leading to more road closures, sandbagging, and some evacuations. While the rain was tapering off and moving east Sunday night, June 8, the rivers continued to rise, and some extremely quickly. Some rivers responded with a foot per hour rises, while others eventually exceeded their river gauges ability to record the river levels. These gauges were under water themselves! All‐time record crests were set at a few locations, with top 5 records at many others. Damage to infrastructure and crops was preliminarily estimated at $70 to 80 million. As a result, Mitchell, Floyd, Howard, Chickasaw, Winneshiek, Fayette, Allamakee and Clayton Counties were all declared federal disaster areas.

From 2005 to 2008, Clayton County received two USDA disaster declarations that involved excessive moisture. According to the USDA Risk Management Agency, insured crop losses in Clayton County as a result of flood conditions and excessive moisture from 2005 to 2008 totaled $4,456,685.

While no more recent statistics could be located for crop loss specifically to Flood and Excessive Moisture, the Risk Management Agency of the USDA does note that in the years 2011 – 2016, $39,894,069 was paid out in Clayton County alone for insured crop losses.

Table 38 reflects flood conditions and excessive moisture from 2005 to 2008, with flood hazards being either flash floods or river floods.

Table 38: Claims Paid in Clayton County for Crop Loss as a Result of Flood and Excessive Moisture, 2005‐2008 Year Crop Hazard Claims Paid ($) 2005 Soybeans Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 377 2006 Corn Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 6,404 2007 Corn Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 17,196 2007 Soybeans Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 8,808 2008 Oats Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 3,410 2008 Corn Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 1,836,932 2008 Soybeans Excess Moisture/Precip/Rain 771,526

161 2007 Soybeans Flood 915 2008 Corn Flood 1,776,602 2008 Soybeans Flood 34,515 Total 4,456,685 Source: USDA’s Risk Management Agency

Probability of Future Occurrences Given the history of river flooding in Clayton County, it is estimated a major flooding event requiring federal assistance will occur in the next five (5) years. However, damaging river floods of varying extent do occur in the Planning Area on an annual basis.

Highly Likely: Event is probable within the calendar year

Magnitude River flooding impacts include property damage and destruction; damage and disruption of communications, transportation, energy service, and community services as well as crop and livestock damage. Past flood events in the Planning Area have caused significant damage to property and agriculture, and endangered lives and critical facilities. While numerous homes and businesses have been removed from the floodplain over the last decade, some still remain.

Catastrophic: More than 50 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities 30 or more days; and/or multiple deaths

Warning Time More than 1 week

Duration More than one week

Spatial Extent Robert’s Creek flows through the Cities of Luana and St. Olaf; the Volga River flows through the City of Volga; the Turkey River flows through the Cities of Elkader, Elkport, Garber, and Osterdock; and the Mississippi River flows along the Cities of Marquette, McGregor, Clayton, Guttenberg, and North Buena Vista. The low‐lying areas along these water sources are most vulnerable to damage from river flooding. Many structures, homes, main roadways, and agricultural areas are threatened by river flooding.

As stated previously within this planning document, major river flooding could affect the entire Planning Area in some way ‐ be it closed roads, resulting in limited access to communities, or the cost incurred to the jurisdictions.

Critical: 25 – 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index Significance River Flood 3.50 High

162

Severe Winter Storm Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Severe Winter Storm 4 2 3 4 4

Description Winter storms in Iowa typically involve snow, extreme cold, and/or freezing rain (ice storms). These conditions pose a serious threat to public safety, disrupt commerce and transportation, and can damage utilities and communications infrastructure. Winter storms can also disrupt emergency and medical services, hamper the flow of supplies, and isolate homes and farms.

Heavy snow can collapse roofs and down trees onto power lines. Extreme cold conditions can stress or kill unprotected livestock and freeze water sources. Direct and indirect economic impacts of winter storms include cost of snow removal, damage repair, increased heating bills, business and crop losses, power failures and frozen or burst water lines.

For humans, extreme cold can cause hypothermia (an extreme lowering of the body’s temperature) and permanent loss of limbs due to frostbite. Infants and the elderly are particularly at risk, but anyone can be affected. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, approximately 600 adults die from hypothermia each year, with the isolated elderly being most at risk. Also at risk are those without shelter or who live in a home that is poorly insulated or without heat. Other potential health and safety threats include toxic fumes from emergency heaters, household fires caused by fireplaces or emergency heaters, and driving in treacherous conditions.

The National Weather Service describes different types of winter storm conditions as follows: Blizzard – Winds of 35 mph or more with snow and blowing snow reducing visibility to less than 1/4 mile for at least three hours. Blowing Snow – Wind‐driven snow that reduces visibility. Blowing snow may be falling snow and/or snow on the ground picked up by the wind. Snow Squalls – Brief, intense snow showers accompanied by strong, gusty winds. Accumulation may be significant. Snow Showers – Snow falling at varying intensities for brief periods of time. Some accumulation is possible. Freezing Rain – Measurable rain that falls onto a surface whose temperature is below freezing. This causes the rain to freeze on surfaces, such as trees, cars, and roads, forming a coating or glaze of ice. Most freezing rain events are short lived and occur near sunrise between the months of December and March. Sleet – Rain drops that freeze into ice pellets before reaching the ground. Sleet usually bounces when hitting a surface and does not stick to objects.

Wind can greatly amplify the impact of cold ambient air temperatures and accordingly, the severity of winter storms.

Figure 67 reflects the relationship of wind speed to apparent temperature and typical time periods for the onset of frostbite.

163 Figure 67: National Weather Service (NWS) Windchill Chart

Source: NOAA, National Weather Service, http://www.weather.gov/om/windchill

Duration of the most severe impacts of winter storms is generally less than one week, though dangerous cold, snow, and ice conditions can remain present for longer periods in certain cases. Weather forecasts commonly predict the most severe winter storms at least 24 hours in advance, leaving adequate time to warn the public.

According to the 2010 reports on Climate Change Impacts on Iowa, Iowa has experienced a long‐term upward trend in temperature:

Long‐term winter temperatures have increased six times more than summer temperatures. Nighttime temperatures have increased more than daytime temperatures since 1970. Since 1970, daily minimum temperatures have increased in summer and winter; daily maximum temperatures have risen in winter, but declines substantially in summer.

If this trend continues, future occurrences of the extreme cold/wind chill aspects of winter storms should decrease. In addition, higher winter temperatures bring higher probability of rain, rather than snow. As a result, the amount of precipitation falling as snow should decrease.

Previous Occurrence Summaries of selected winter storm events affecting Clayton County available from the NCDC are listed below:

December 20, 2010. Snow started falling across Northeast Iowa during the morning and continued into the evening hours before ending. The highest reported snowfall total was 5 inches near Marquette. Once the snow ended, it was replaced by freezing drizzle which created a light coating of glaze on the fresh snow and exposed surfaces. The snow resulted in several car accidents, but no injuries were reported from the accidents. rd December 23, 2009. A winter storm impacted portions of Northeast Iowa starting on December 23 , continuing

164 through the Christmas holiday. Unlike the December 8 through 9 storms, this system was able to bring a surge of warmer air into the area, which produced a variety of precipitation types, including rain, freezing rain, snow and sleet. From December 23 through December 26, rainfall amounts totaled 1 to 2 inches. During the same time period, snowfall accumulations were mainly 2 to 5 inches, with the highest amount of 5.5 inches reported at Cresco (Howard County). Highest ice accumulations were around a quarter of an inch. Ice accumulations totaled three eights of an inch in Edgewood. December 18, 2008. A large winter storm system moved out of the southern Plains to the lower Great Lakes region December 18 to 19 bringing snow, freezing rain and sleet to much of the Upper Midwest. Total snow accumulations between 6 and 11 inches were common across Northeast Iowa. Highest amounts included 10.5 inches at Cresco (Howard County), 10.4 inches at Fayette (Fayette County) and 10.0 inches near Ionia (Chickasaw County). Public snowfall reports included 9.5 inches at Farmersburg, 8.5 inches from Strawberry Point, and 7.5 inches at Edgewood. December 8, 2008. Low pressure brought heavy snow to much of Northeast Iowa, with total accumulations between 6 and 9 inches common. Along and south of a line from Fayette (Fayette County) to Guttenberg, a mix of freezing rain and sleet occurred initially, which caused an ice glazing of 1/8th” ‐ ¼”. February 17, 2008. A powerful winter storm brought freezing rain initially to parts of Northeast Iowa during the early morning hours. Ice accumulations ranged from a quarter to a half of an inch. A heavy glazing of ice on power lines caused power outages in Decorah (Winneshiek County). By mid‐morning, precipitation changed to all snow and was accompanied by strong northwest winds gusting up to 30 to 35 mph. Snowfall accumulations between 4 and 8 inches occurred in areas near the Mississippi River. Highest snowfall totals from volunteer weather observers included 7.6 inches and 6.0 inches respectively in and just southeast of Elkader. December 1, 2007. A winter storm moved from the southern plains into the Ohio Valley, producing widespread precipitation across the Midwest. In Northeast Iowa, the storm was the first of the winter season, producing a mix of heavy snow and sleet. Precipitation changed to mainly drizzle or freezing drizzle during the evening, before ending in the early morning of Sunday December 2. Unusually high accumulations of sleet were measured by weather observers, with amounts of 1.5 inches reported at Strawberry Point. February 15, 2006. A winter storm hit Northeast Iowa, with total snow accumulations generally between 4 and 7 inches. Localized amounts of around 8 inches were reported near the Minnesota Iowa border. Some of the higher amounts as reported by volunteer weather observers included 6.2 inches at Garnavillo. Strong northwest winds caused considerable blowing and drifting snow, along with wind chills of 20 below to 30 below.

Figure 68 below reflects the snow accumulation depths for the LaCrosse, WI, Forecast area, January 4‐6, 2005.

165 Figure 68: Snow Accumulation Map: LaCrosse, WI NWS Forecast Area, January 4‐6, 2005

Source: National Weather Service (NWS), Winter Storm Summaries http://www.crh.noaa.gov/arx/events/jan0505.php Note: The red square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

There has been one USDA declared disaster issued because of a winter storm in Clayton County; the declared disaster was in effect from February 23 – March 2, 2007.

While no more recent statistics could be located for crop loss specifically to Winter Conditions, the Risk Management Agency of the USDA does note that in the years 2011 – 2016, $39,894,069 was paid out in Clayton County alone for insured crop losses.

Table 39 reflects Clayton County’s crop losses as a result of winter conditions from 2005 to 2008.

Table 39: Claims Paid in Clayton County for Crop Loss as a Result of Winter Conditions, 2005‐ 2008 Year Crop Hazard Claims Paid ($) 2005 Corn Cold Winter 1,327 2006 Forage Seeding Cold Winter 455 2006 Forage Seeding Cold Winter 690 2006 Corn Cold Wet Weather 1,285 2008 Corn Cold Wet Weather 3,799 2008 Soybeans Cold Wet Weather 2,050 2007 Soybeans Frost 1,933 2008 Corn Frost 1,265

166 2008 Corn Freeze 3,893 Total 16,697 Source: USDA’s Risk Management Agency

Probability of Future Occurrence During the period from 1996‐2015, there were 61 recorded winter storm events affecting Clayton County. The recurrence interval for winter storms is highly likely.

Highly Likely: Event is probable within the calendar year

Magnitude Injury or even death is possible when proper shelter is not available to protect against severely cold temperatures. Severe winter storms increase the probability of automobile accidents which can also result in serious injury or death.

Response personnel are exposed to cold temperatures and traffic accidents when responding to the victims‟ needs. Operations can be limited or halted when critical services are not available. Workers may not be able to make it to their place of work, thus, limiting the continuity of operations.

Fire during winter storms presents a great danger because water supplies may freeze and firefighting equipment may not function effectively, or personnel and equipment may be unable to get to the fire. If power is out, interiors of homes become very cold and lead to pipes freezing and possibly bursting. Rivers and lakes freeze and subsequent ice jams can create flooding problems when temperatures begin to rise. Ice coating at least one‐fourth inch in thickness is heavy enough to damage trees, overhead wires, and similar objects and to produce widespread power outages.

Limited: 10‐25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than one week; and/or injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability

Warning Time 12‐24 hours

Duration Less than 1 day

Spatial Extent The entire State of Iowa is vulnerable to heavy snow and freezing rain. The Planning Area is located in a region of the state that receives an average of 33 to 38 inches of snowfall per year. Northern Iowa along the Minnesota border receives the greatest average snowfall with an average of 38 inches or more per year.

Figure 69 reflects the State of Iowa average annual snowfall from 1991 to 2005.

167

Figure 69: Iowa Average Annual Snowfall, 1991‐2005

Source: Iowa Department of Transportation, http://www.iowadot.gov Note: The black square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

The segment of northeastern Iowa that includes Clayton County is located near and between two areas that receive the most (9‐12) hours of freezing rain on average in Iowa.

168 Figure 70 reflects United States zones for annual average hours of freezing rain.

Figure 70: Average Hours per Year with Freezing Rain in the United States

Source: American Meteorological Society. “Freezing Rain Events in the United States.”, http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/71872.pdf Note: The blue square indicates approximate location of Clayton County

Catastrophic: More than 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Severe Winter Storm 3.10 High

Sinkholes Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Sinkholes 2 1 4 1 1

Description Sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by ground water circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground. Sinkholes are dramatic because the land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces get too big. If there is not enough support for the land above the spaces then a sudden collapse of the land surface

169 can occur.

Sinkholes range from broad, regional lowering of the land surface to localized collapse. The primary causes of most sinkholes are human activities: Underground mining of coal, groundwater or petroleum withdraw, and drainage of organic soils. In addition, this is due to the erosion of limestone of the subsurface.

Sinkholes can aggravate flooding potential, collapses such as the sudden formation of sinkholes or the collapse of an abandoned mine may destroy buildings, roads, and utilities.

Karst is a landscape formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks including limestone, dolomite and gypsum. Sinkholes are a common indication of karst; caves and underground drainage systems are other indicators. With limestone commonly found in Northeast Iowa, sinkholes have the potential to occur.

Previous Occurrence The HMPC noted there have been occurrences of sinkholes in Clayton County. Official records of sinkholes in Clayton County were not available.

Probability of Future Occurrence The HMPC determined the probability of future occurrence is “occasional.”

Occasional: Event is probable within the next three years.

Magnitude Damage consists primarily of direct structural damage and property loss and depreciation of land values, but also includes business and personal losses that accrue during periods of repair. Damage to property, facilities, and infrastructure would only occur if the event undermined foundations. Magnitude would be “limited.”

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent Sinkhole records or estimates for the area specific to Clayton County are not available at this time.

Figure 71 reflects areas of karst (within 1,000 feet of known sinkhole) and potential karst in the Planning Area.

170

Figure 71: Karst Terrain (Sinkhole Location and Potential), Clayton County

Major Water Source : River

Source: Iowa DNR, Source: http://www.iowadnr.gov/mapping/maps/afo_siting_atlas.html

The DNR does not note known sinkholes in the Primary Participating Jurisdictions, however, the potential for sinkholes to occur exists given the presence of karst topography.

Negligible: Less than 10% of the jurisdiction to be impacted.

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Sinkholes 1.90 Low

Terrorism Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Terrorism 2 2 4 1 1

Description This hazard includes the following: agro‐terrorism, domestic terrorism, and public disorder. Additional terrorism hazards can affect Iowa on a larger scale and are included in the State Mitigation Plan.

Demonstrations, or direct conflict by large groups of citizens, as in marches, protest rallies, riots, and non‐peaceful strikes are examples of public disorder. These are not considered as a hazard unless they escalate into a threat to the

171 community. Vandalism is usually initiated by a small number of individuals and limited to a small target group or institution. An active shooting incident can occur. Most events are within the capacity of local law enforcement.

Incidents such as this have occurred in the state of Iowa. Iowa has experienced incidents in which animal rights activists have vandalized or released animals from agricultural facilities and there h as been vandalism to agricultural facilities or incidents of disgruntled employees causing damage to animals and animal products. There are frequent cases of theft of agricultural machinery, products and chemicals.

The use of weapons and explosives against person or property in violation of criminal laws is a form of domestic terrorism. Iowa has not been immune to this. The state has experienced many bomb threats in the distant and recent past. During the spring of 2002, 18 pipe bombs were found in mailboxes in five states stretching from Illinois to Texas, including Iowa. Six people were injured in the bombings in Iowa and Illinois. In 2005 and 2006, pipe bombs were used in attempted murder cases in two Iowa cities.

Geographic Location An act of terrorism can occur anywhere within the planning area.

Previous Occurrences The following incidents were reported by the Dubuque Telegraph Herald and Cedar Rapids Gazette newspapers respectively:

 September 26, 2014, a 19‐year‐odl Farmersburg man was to serve two years of probation and 25 hours of community service for possessing a pipe bomb.  November 29, 2006, a 14‐year‐old Strawberry Point girl was accused of making bomb threats to the Starmont High School in Arlington, Iowa which is in nearby Fayette County

Probability of Future Occurrences Previous occurrences would indicate a high probability that some form of an act of terrorism occurs in any given year. The HMPC determined the probability of future occurrences as to be “occasional.”

Occasional: Event is probable within the next five years; event has up to 1 in 5 year chance of occurring; history of events is greater than 10% but less than or equal to 20% likely per year.

Magnitude Innocent people are often victims of this type of activity, even when the target may be certain people, organizations or activities. Based on the method of delivery, the general public is vulnerable to terrorism. Because of the characteristics of the weapons or methods terrorists use, the area can be limited to a room, building or the entire community. In Clayton County, the HMPC believes the magnitude of any plausible event to be “negligible.”

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent Negligible: Less than 10% of the jurisdiction would be impacted.

172 Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Terrorism 2.15 Moderate

Thunderstorm and Lightning Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Thunderstorm and 4 2 2 2 4 Lightning

Description Atmospheric imbalance and turbulence may result in thunder, heavy rains (which may cause flooding), strong winds, microbursts, high straight‐line winds (often mistaken for tornadoes), tornadoes, surface hail, or lightning. Most thunderstorms produce only thunder, lightning, and rain; thunderstorms can occur singly, in clusters, or in lines. The National Weather Service considers a thunderstorm severe if it produces hail at least one inch in diameter, wind 58 mph or higher, or tornadoes.

Lightning is an electrical discharge between positive and negative regions of a thunderstorm. It is sudden, extremely destructive and potentially deadly. The National Weather Service reports that lightning caused 48 fatalities and 246 injuries nationwide in 2006 and causes 73 fatalities and 300 injuries in an average year.

The National Lightning Safety Institute reports that lightning causes more than 26,000 fires in the United States each year. The institute estimates that the total cost for direct and indirect impacts of lightning including property damage, increased operating costs, production delays, and lost revenue to be in excess of $6 billion per year.

Due to its nature as a powerful electrical phenomenon, lightning causes extensive damage to electronic systems that it contacts. A particular concern in Iowa is the protection of facilities and communications systems that are critical for maintaining emergency response systems, protecting public health, and maintaining the state’s economy.

Average duration of each lightning stroke is 30 microseconds and duration of thunderstorm events is usually less than six hours. Thunderstorm forecasting and warning time for lightning occurrence is generally less than six hours.

Previous Occurrences Thunderstorms are common in Iowa; at least 6,698 severe thunderstorm, high wind, or lightning events have impacted Iowa from 1980‐2006. Because thunderstorms may occur singularly, in clusters, or in lines ‐ it is possible that several thunderstorms may affect the area in the course of a few hours. It is likely that more than the 6,698 individual severe storm systems occurred in the state. One system may spawn multiple events. There have been seven presidential declarations in Clayton County since 1990 related to severe storms.

The NCDC database has record of one damaging lightning event in Clayton County from 1996 to 2015. The event occurred in Strawberry Point on June 25, 2005 and caused $4,500 in property damage.

Probability of Future Occurrences With Iowa’s location in the interior of the U.S., the ingredients of a severe storm are usually available (moisture, warm and unstable air, and a lifting mechanism). There is a very high likelihood that a few of these summer storms will

173 become severe and cause damage.

According to National Weather Service data, Clayton County is in an area which receives two to four lightning strikes per square kilometer per year; most of these lightning strikes do not result in damages. The HMPC classify the probability of future occurrence of damage due to thunderstorms and lightning as “highly likely” in any given year.

Highly Likely: Event is probable within the calendar year

Magnitude Like tornadoes, thunderstorms and lightning can cause death, serious injury, and substantial property damage. The power of lightning's electrical charge and intense heat can electrocute people and livestock on contact, split trees, ignite fires, and cause electrical failures.

Thunderstorms can also bring large hail that can damage homes and businesses, break glass, destroy vehicles, and cause bodily injury to people, pets, and livestock.

Although the frequency of lightning events is high, the magnitude is limited. Generally damages are limited to single buildings and in most cases, personal hazard insurance covers any losses.

Limited: 10‐25 percent of property severely damaged; shutdown of facilities for more than a week; and/or injuries and/or illnesses do not result in permanent disability.

Warning Time 6‐12 hours

Duration Less than 1 day

Spatial Extent Lightning affects broad regions. Clayton County is similar to the surrounding area and the entire state of Iowa with the frequency of thunderstorms and lightning flashes.

The region that includes Clayton County averages: 30‐50 days with thunderstorms per year per 10,000 square miles Two to four lightning strikes per square kilometer per year

Figure 72 reflects United States annual distribution and frequency of thunderstorm events.

174 Figure 72: Annual Distributions and Frequency of Thunderstorms

Source: Oklahoma Climatology Survey Note: The white square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

175 Figure 73 reflects the United States annual frequency of lightning from 1996‐2000.

Figure 73: Annual Frequency of Lightning, 1996‐2000

Source: National Weather Service, http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/lightning_map.html Note: The black square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

Catastrophic: More than 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Thunderstorm and 3.00 High Lightning

Tornado Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Tornado 4 2 4 2 4

Description The National Weather Service defines a tornado as a “violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.” Tornadoes are the most violent of all atmospheric storms and are capable of tremendous destruction. Wind speeds can exceed 250 mph, and damage paths can be more than one mile wide and 50 miles long. In an average year, more than 900 tornadoes are reported in the United States, resulting in approximately 80 deaths and more than 1,500 injuries. High winds not associated with tornadoes are profiled separately in this document in Section 3.2.19.

Although tornadoes have been documented on every continent, they most frequently occur in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. According to National Severe Storms Laboratory, Northeast Iowa is located just on the edge of an area that is generally known as “Tornado Alley”. Climatological conditions are such that warm and cold air

176 masses meet in the center of the country to create conditions of great instability and fast moving air at high pressure that can ultimately result in formation of tornado funnels.

Figure 74 shows the geographic location and the climatological conditions that create “Tornado Alley”.

Figure 74 Climate Conditions Which Produce “Tornado Alley”

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/primer/tornado/tor_climatology.html Note: the blue square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

In Iowa, most tornadoes occur during the months of April, May, and June. However, tornadoes can strike in any of the 12 months. Similarly, while most tornadoes occur between 4:00 and 9:00 p.m., a tornado can strike at any time.

Prior to February 1, 2007, tornado intensity was measured by the Fujita (F) scale. This scale was revised and is now referred to as the Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF). Both scales are sets of wind estimates (not measurements) based on damage. The new scale uses more damage indicators and associated degrees of damage, allowing for more detailed and accurate analysis. The tornado intensity scale update was the result of advanced research by meteorologists and wind engineers. For further information on the EF‐scale, see http://www.spc.noaa.gov/efscale/.

Table 40 compares the tornado intensity F‐scale EF‐scale.

Table 40: F‐ and EF‐Scale for Tornado Damage Fujita (F) Scale (Previous) Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale (Current) F Number 3 Second Gust (mph) EF Number 3 Second Gust (mph) 0 45‐78 0 65‐85 1 79‐117 1 86‐109 2 118‐161 2 110‐137 3 162‐209 3 138‐167 4 210‐261 4 168‐199 5 262‐317 5 200‐234 Source: http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef‐scale.html

177

Previous Occurrence According to the NCDC database, there were three tornadoes in Clayton County from 1996 to 2015. The three events were on, respectively: March 10, 2001 (Edgewood: F0); March 31, 2007 (Edgewood: EF1); and on May 29, 2013 (Garnavillo, EF0). There were no deaths, injuries or crop damages recorded. Combined, there was $70,000 in property damages.

Probability of Future Occurrences The National Severe Storms Laboratory calculated probability of violent tornadoes based on time of year for the period 1921‐1995. Figure 75 below shows the probability of an F2 or larger tornado occurring on any given day at a location within a 25 mile radius of Clayton County. For example, a y‐axis value of 2.0 would indicate a two percent chance of receiving the chosen type of severe weather on the date indicated by the x‐axis. For both significant (F2 or larger) and violent (F4 or larger) tornadoes the 1951‐1965 period was the peak in probability based on the data from previous occurrences, with the most recent reporting period (1981‐1995) showing a probability right on track with the overall average. Significant tornadoes show a common peak in probability in late spring while violent tornadoes have an overall less probability, they do not have a distinct time of probability for them to occur from early spring through mid‐autumn.

Figure 75 reflects the daily probability for a significant tornado, rated F2 or larger, within a 25 mile radius of Clayton County during 1921‐1995.

Figure 75: Daily Significant Tornado Probability, F2 or Larger, Clayton County, 1921‐1995

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/hazardmap.html Note: This probability tool has not been adjusted for the new EF‐Scale, the comparable wind speeds are found in Table 3.21

Figures 75 and 76 are based on the same methodology described for the previous graph.

Figure 76 reflects the daily probability for a violent tornado, rated F4 or larger, within a 25 mile radius of Clayton

178 County during 1921‐1995.

Figure 76: Daily Violent Tornado Probability, F4 or Larger, Clayton County, 1921‐1995

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/hazardmap.html

Figure 77 reflects the United States‟ frequency of a tornado rated F2 or larger, based on number of days per century within a 12.5 mile radius of a given point on the map, from 1921 to 1995.

Figure 77: Frequency of F2 or Larger Tornadoes, 1921‐1995

179 Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/users/brooks/public_html/sigt2195.gif Note: The white square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

High Likely: Event is probable within the next calendar year

Magnitude Impacts can range from broken tree branches, shingle damage to roofs, and some broken windows; all the way to complete destruction and disintegration of well‐constructed structures, infrastructure, and trees. Generally the destructive path of a tornado is only a couple hundred feet in width, but stronger tornadoes can leave a path of devastation up to a mile wide.

Injury or death related to tornadoes most often occur when buildings collapse, people are hit by flying objects, or are caught trying to escape the tornado in a vehicle. Limited magnitude.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent While tornadoes can occur in all areas of the State of Iowa, historically, some areas of the state have been more susceptible to this type of damaging storm. Figure 78 illustrates the number of F3 and larger tornadoes recorded in the United States per 3,700 square miles between 1950 and1998. It appears the border of the shaded light orange area and the shaded dark orange area, indicating 6‐15 and 16‐25 tornadoes respectively of this magnitude during this 48‐year period falls within Clayton County.

Catastrophic: More than 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted.

Figure 78 reflects the recorded F3 and larger tornadoes in the United States from 1950 to 1998.

180 Figure 78: Tornado Activity in the United States, 1950‐1998

Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center, http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/saferoom/tsfs02_torn_activity.shtm Note: The blue square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Tornado 3.25 High

Transportation Incident Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Warning Duration Spatial Time Extent Transportation Incident 2 2 4 2 1

Description This hazard includes accidents involving any mode of transportation (air, highway, rail, and waterway) that directly threatens life and which property damage and/or death(s)/injury(s) and/or adversely impacts a community’s capabilities to provide emergency services.

An air transportation incident may involve a military, commercial, or private aircraft. A variety of circumstances can result in an air transportation incident, mechanical failure, pilot error, enemy attack, terrorism, weather conditions, and on‐board fire can all lead to an incident.

A highway transportation incident can be single or multi‐vehicle requiring responses exceeding normal day‐to‐day

181 capabilities. Thousands of drivers a day are on Clayton County streets, roads, and highways. Weather conditions play a major factor in the ability of traffic to flow safely; the significant presence of agricultural equipment on the roadways in Clayton County increase the hazard of an incident occurring.

Railway incidents include derailments, collisions, and highway/rail crossing accidents. Train incidents can result from a variety of causes; human error, mechanical failure, faulty signals, and/or problEMR with the track.

Waterway incidents will primarily involve recreational craft on rivers and lakes. Water rescue events would largely be handled by first responding agencies. Waterway incidents may also include events in which a person, persons, or object falls through the ice on partially frozen bodies of water. Thousands of people visit the riverboat casino in Clayton County each year. The casino makes regular trips up and down the rivers during the summer months.

Previous Occurrence Minor traffic accidents occur daily in Clayton County and result in property damage and injury, fortunately majorly accidents involving multiple vehicles are serious injury are not as common. Crash statistics specific to Clayton County were not able to be located. The Iowa Department of Motor Vehicles has tracked crash statistics from 1932 through 2008: www.iowadot.gov/mvd/ods/crashhistory.xls.

Railway incidents specific to Clayton County were not able to be located; state‐wide statistics include 7,087 incidents from 1974 to 2010 with 2,203 injuries and 161 deaths since 1995 related to those incidents.

There have no disasters causing waterway incidents in the State of Iowa. Small‐scale incidents requiring search and rescue in Clayton County water sources have occurred on nearly an annual basis; no details were provided.

Probability of Future Occurrence The HMPC determined that a transpiration incident which adversely affects a community’s capability to provide emergency service has the probability to “occasionally” occur in Clayton County.

Occasional: Event is probable within the next five years

Magnitude Travelers, truckers, delivery personnel, and commuters are at risk to a highway transportation incident at any time they are on the road. Before and after regular work hours and on holidays are times when there are significantly more people on the road. Pedestrians are also vulnerable to the impacts of a highway incident.

People and property in close proximity to the railways, crossings, sidings, switching stations, and loading/unloading point are most at risk. Rail incidents can range from minor “track hops” to catastrophic crashes and/or derailments and even human/animal casualties.

Passengers of recreational craft and riverboat casinos are vulnerable to a waterway incident. Operators of barges are also vulnerable; the environment is also at risk to potentially damaging materials aboard the numerous barges that normally operate year‐round on the Mississippi River.

All transportation incidents have the potential for greater severity if hazardous materials were being transported.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 1 day

182

Spatial Extent While transportation accidents can occur on any street or highway in the Planning Area, those that occur on the highways and county roads have the most potential for damage to vehicle(s) and immediate response needed for life safety due to the higher speeds traveled by vehicles.

Railway is located in Cities of Elkader, Monona, McGregor, Marquette, Clayton, Guttenberg and North Buena Vista. Many street and highway crossings (public and private) in these jurisdictions as well as in the Unincorporated Areas make the probability of an incident more likely to happen.

A waterway incident can occur on any water source in Clayton County, but it is most probable for an incident to occur on or along the Mississippi River due to the common use for recreation and commercial purposes. The Mississippi River flows along the Cities of Marquette, McGregor, Clayton, Guttenberg, and North Buena Vista.

Regarding the jurisdiction of Clayton, Iowa ‐ In the 1970‟s, a grain elevator was built next to the river near the foot of Main Street. Main Street has a steep slope that ends at the Mississippi River. In the first two years after the grain elevator opened seven trucks had brake failures and ended up in the river. The elevator eventually closed.

Negligible: Less than 10% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Planning Hazard Type Risk Index (CPRI) Significance Transportation Incident 2.25 Moderate

Windstorm Warning Spatial Hazard Type Probability Magnitude Duration Time Extent Windstorm 4 2 4 2 4

Description Windstorms are extreme straight‐line winds associated with severe winter storms, severe thunderstorms, downbursts, and very strong pressure gradients. Straight‐line winds are generally any thunderstorm wind that is not associated with rotation (i.e., not a tornado). These winds, which can exceed 100 mph, represent the most common type of severe weather and are the most common cause of thunderstorm damage. Since windstorms do not have a narrow track such as a tornado does, associated damage can be extensive and affect broad regions including multiple counties. Objects like trees, barns, outbuildings, high‐profile vehicles, and power lines/poles can be toppled or destroyed, and roofs, windows, and homes can be damaged as wind speeds increase. One type of straight‐line wind is the downburst, which can cause damage equivalent to a strong tornado and can be extremely dangerous to aviation.

Windstorms in Iowa typically happen between late April and early September, but, given the right conditions, they can develop as early as March. They are usually produced by super cell thunderstorms or a line of thunderstorms that typically develop on hot and humid days.

Previous Occurrence According to the NCDC database, there are seven separate reports of wind that affected Clayton County during 1996 to 2015. During this time period there were no reported deaths and one reported injury as a result of windstorm events.

183 The High Wind events ranged from 37 knots to a high of 61 knots on November 10, 2998. There has been $243,750 recorded in property damages.

Summaries of selected known windstorm events are listed below (source: NCDC): July 31, 2008. Several trees and branches were downed in the City of Guttenberg. One large, old maple tree snapped power lines and a couple of tree branches fell on a parked van. Wind gusts from severe thunderstorms were estimated at 60 to 70 mph. July 2, 2008. Trained spotter reported 12 inch limbs down and hail one half inch in diameter. Isolated severe thunderstorms developed ahead of the front, producing wind gusts of up to 60 mph, which knocked down tree limbs. Hail up to one inch in diameter was also reported. September 30, 2007. Large trees and power lines were knocked down and power outages were reported near Monona. Wind gusts up to 70 mph were reported by law enforcement officials, which knocked down trees, power lines and caused power outages. September 18, 2007. Two barns were blown down and destroyed by a severe thunderstorm wind gust on Grandview Road midway between Elkader and Garber. Law enforcement officials and storm spotters reported damaging winds of 60 to 70 mph, which blew down some barns. July 20, 2006. Thunderstorm winds gusting as high as 70 mph were reported by the public, storm spotters and law enforcement officials. Near Guttenberg, Monona and McGregor, swaths of trees were blown down and corn was flattened. In addition, KIMT‐TV reported a large tree was blown down onto a car in Osage.

Probability of Future Occurrence According to the NCDC, there were seven reports of impact due to high wind events in Clayton County during 1996 to 2015. For some events, more than one impact report was issued.

Highly Likely: Event is probable within the calendar year

The National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) calculated probability of windstorms based on time of year for the period 1980 to 1999. The most recent reporting period had the highest probability based on data from previous occurrences, while overall probability was the highest during the late spring and early summer across all reporting periods.

Figure 79 charts the probability of a windstorm 50 knots or greater occurring on any given day at a location within a 25 mile radius of the center of Clayton County during 1980 to 1999. Whereby, a y‐axis value of 2.0 would indicate a two percent chance of receiving the chosen type of severe weather on the date indicated by the x‐ axis value.

184 Figure 79: Daily Windstorm Probability, 50 Knots or Higher, Clayton County, 1980‐1999

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/hazardmap.html

Accordingly, the probability of a windstorm is at its peak late spring through mid‐summer, historically ranging from 2 – 6 percent during that timeframe.

Figure 80 reflects the probability of a windstorm (65 knots or greater) occurring on any given day at a location within a 25 mile radius during 1980 to 1994.

185 Figure 80: Annual Windstorm Probability (65+ knots), United States, 1980‐1994

Source: NSSL, http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/users/brooks/public_html/bigwind.gif Note: The black square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County

Magnitude Injury or death related to windstorms is possible ‐ most often occur from building failure or people struck by airborne debris. Windstorms can affect electrical power with system components above ground.

Warning Time Less than 6 hours

Duration Less than 6 hours

Spatial Extent The entire Planning Area is susceptible to high wind events. The Planning Area is located in Wind Zone IV, which is susceptible to winds up to 250 mph. Iowa is located in Wind Zone IV, the highest inland category.

Catastrophic: More than 50% of the jurisdiction to be impacted

Figure 81 reflects the United States Wind Zones based on maximum wind speeds.

186 Figure 81: Frequency Wind Zones in the United States

Source: FEMA; http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/saferoom/tsfs02_wind_zones.shtl Note: The white square indicates the approximate location of Clayton County.

Hazard Summary

Calculated Priority Risk Planning Hazard Type Index (CPRI) Significance Windstorm 3.25 High

187 Hazard Profiles Summary

Description The hazard profile assessment was utilized by the HMPC to prioritize those hazards of greatest significance to the Planning Area, enabling the Participating Jurisdictions to focus resources where they are most needed. Those hazards that occur infrequently, or have little or no impact on the Planning Area were determined to be of low significance.

Those hazards determined to be of moderate and high significance were categorized as priority hazards, and are further evaluated.

Table 41 summarizes the Participating Jurisdictions’ planning significance results, arranged alphabetically by hazard.

Table 41: Planning Significance of Identified Hazards, 2016 Hazard Planning Significance Dam Failure Moderate Drought Low Earthquake Low Extreme Heat Moderate Flash Flood High Grass and Wild Land Fire Moderate Hailstorm High Hazardous Materials High Infrastructure Failure Low Landslide Moderate Levee Failure Moderate River Flood High Severe Winter Storm High Sinkholes Low Thunderstorm and Lightning High Tornado High Transportation Incident Moderate Windstorm High Source: HMPC

Vulnerability Assessment

Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii): [The risk assessment shall include a] description of the jurisdiction’s vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. This description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community.

Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)(A): The plan shall describe the vulnerability in terms of the types and numbers of existing buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in the identified hazard area.

Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii): (As of October 1, 2008) [The risk assessment] must also address National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) insured structures that have been repetitively damaged floods.

188

Methodology The vulnerability assessment further defines the Planning Areas risk to high and moderate significance hazards addressed in the previous.

The vulnerability assessment was conducted based on the best available data and the significance of the hazard. Data to support the vulnerability assessment was collected from the following sources: County Emergency Management Coordinator County Assessor County Auditor Written descriptions of assets and risks provided by the Clayton County resources Existing plans and reports Personal interviews with HMPC members and other stakeholders

The Vulnerability Assessment is presented in three parts: Describes the assets at risk in the Participating Jurisdictions Vulnerability by Hazard – Describes the vulnerability to each hazard identified and profiled previously in this plan. This vulnerability analysis includes a vulnerability overview for each hazard of high and moderate significance, and where available, the vulnerability analysis includes evaluation of vulnerable buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities in hazard‐prone areas. Summary of Key Issues– Summarizes the key issues and conclusions identified in the risk assessment process.

Community Assets This section describes overall hazard vulnerability and buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities located in identified hazard areas with best current data available being utilized. The count for and value for religious/non‐profit, government and education structures are unknown due to data limitations.

A critical facility may be defined as one that provides essential public safety or mitigation functions during response or recovery operations.

Table 42 below gives examples of critical facilities: essential facilities, high potential loss facilities, and transportation and lifelines as they are defined for the purposes of this analysis.

189 Table 42: Critical Facilities, Definitions and Examples

Essential Facilities High Potential Loss Facilities Transportation and Lifelines

Power plants, transmission lines Hospitals and other medical facilities Highways, bridges, and tunnels and distribution stations Police Stations Dams and levees Railroads and facilities Fire Stations Military installations Airports Emergency Operations Centers Hazardous material sites Water treatment facilities Schools Natural gas pipeline and facilities Shelters Petroleum pipelines and facilities Day care centers Communication facilities Elder Care Facilities/Long Term Care Facilities

Main government buildings

190 Table 43 reflects an inventory for Primary Participating Jurisdictions critical facilities and infrastructure.

Table 43: Primary Participating Jurisdiction Inventory of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure, 2016 Facility

Point

f Buena

Ola

UnincorporatedC ounty Clayton Elkader Elkport Farmersburg Garber Garnavillo Guttenberg Luana Marquette McGregor Monona North Vista Osterdock Strawberry St. Volga Police Stations 0 X 0 0 0 X X 0 X X X 0 0 X 0 0 0 Fire Stations 0 X 0 X X X X X 0 X X 0 0 X X X 0 Emergency Operations Centers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X Hospitals and other medical facilities 0 X 0 0 0 X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 Dams and levees X X X 0 0 0 X 0 0 X 0 X X 0 0 X X Military Installations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tier II Chemical Storage – Hazardous 0 X 0 0 0 X X 0 0 X X X 0 X 0 X X Materials sites Elder Care Facilities/Long Term Care 0 X 0 0 0 X X 0 0 X 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 Schools 0 X 0 0 0 X X 0 0 X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 FEMA‐approved Storm Shelters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Child Care Centers 0 X 0 0 0 X X X X X X 0 0 X 0 0 X Main Government Buildings X X X 0 X X X X X X X 0 0 X X X X Railroad/loading facilities X 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 Airports (Privately Owned) 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 X Natural Gas Pipelines and distribution 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X stations Water Systems/WWTF 0 X 0 0 0 X X X X X X 0 0 X X X 0 Petroleum Pipelines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X Communications facilities 0 X 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X Power plants and distribution stations 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 X X 0 0 0 0 0 0

191 Vulnerability by Hazard To identify the vulnerability by hazard for the Planning Area, current valuations for structure count, location, type, and value were received from the county assessor. For communities currently mapped for flood, the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) “Zone A” was manually overlaid to the Clayton County Assessors data to identify, by type, the structure count/valuation within the SFHA. Flood maps, wildland urban interface area maps, topography and landslide maps along with other area‐specific hazard zones were all reviewed to the best of planning abilities with tools and resources available to Planning Area at this time.

Table 44: Flood Vulnerability by Jurisdiction, 2016

Community Value of All Value of All Percent of All Property in Property in Property in 100‐Year Jurisdiction in $ Jursidiction in 100‐ Flood Zone Year Floodplain Clayton 11,556,406 4,264,320 37% Elkader 69,719,689 5,994,044 9% Elkport 1,264,700 283,678 22% Farmersburg 8,473,407 3,126,491 37% Garber 3,203,095 43,405 1% Garnavillo 33,692,930 158,491 .004% Guttenberg 138,472,460 49,3018,52 36% Luana 15,742,840 609,849 4% Marquette 36,722,617 18,363,584 50% McGregor 56,428,736 21,717,252 38% Monona 74,339,959 641,398 .008% North Buena Vista 9,742,976 5,656,182 58% Osterdock 2,337,024 1,224,368 52% St. Olaf 3,620,897 1,576,310 44% Strawberry Point 5,376,460 421,146 8% Volga 7,190,770 4,720,880 66%

According to the 2013 State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, there are no state buildings in Clayton County.

192 School Districts No boundary specific hazard issues were raised by any of the school districts during the preparation of this plan. Table 50 provides information on school district building in the Participating Jurisdictions and highlights the location of each building and other information pertinent to assessing vulnerability.

Table 45: School Enrollment by Building and Community, 2015‐16 Community School Mitigation Measures in Place District (CSD) School Information Street Address Enrollment Staff on In Flood Site Plain? 400 First St. NW 448 50 No structures in flood Weather radio, Central CSD Grades K‐12 Elkader, IA plain emergency warning 52043 systems, sirens, fire suppression system, emergency binders and response kits in each classroom, regular evacuation and tornado drills, staff training on school safety and immunization requirements. Have applied for FEMA safe room funding. IPAWS.

117 Gunder Rd. 22 23 No Same Central CSD Elkader Childcare & Learning Elkader, IA 52043 Center (PK) 24542 Hwy 13 N. 5 2 No Same Central CSD Clayton County Alternative Elkader, IA 52043 High School (9‐12) 131 S. River Park 180 30 Yes School is located close to Clayton Ridge CSD High School (9‐12) Dr. railroad tracks and the Guttenberg, IA Mississippi River. 52052 School Messenger 502 W. Watson 153 20 No Has Weather Bug Clayton Ridge CSD Middle School (6‐8) Garnavillo, IA 52049 Weather radio, Sirens, 131 S. River Park 210 28 Yes Regular evacuation and Clayton Ridge CSD Elementary (PK‐4) Dr. tornado drills, Fire Garnavillo 502 W. Watson 25 6 No suppression system, Clayton Ridge CSD Community Garnavillo, IA 52049 response kits, ALICE, D/P ii

193 Community School Mitigation Measures in Place District (CSD) School Information Street Address Enrollment Staff on In Flood Site Plain? 210 Main St. 47 10 Yes immunization Clayton Ridge CSD Kids’ Kampus Community Guttenberg, IA 52052 requirement for all Childcare (PK) schools in district. St. Mary’s 510 S. 2nd St. 75 10 Yes Clayton Ridge CSD Immaculate Guttenberg, IA 52052 700 S. Page St 220 35 No Has Weather Bug MFL MarMac CSD High School (9‐12) Monona, IA Weather radio, Sirens, 918 W. Main 300 45 1000 yr Regular evacuation and MFL MarMac CSD Middle School (4‐8) McGregor, IA 52157 tornado drills, Fire 700 S. Page St. 300 45 No suppression system, MFL MarMac CSD Elementary (PK‐3) Monona, IA response kits, ALICE, 700 S. Page St. 70 10 500 yr immunization MFL MarMac CSD Little Bulldog Childcare Monona, IA requirement for all Center (PK) 62652159 Main St. 30 5 No Schools in district. MFL MarMac CSD Dr. Clifford C. Smith McGregor, IA 52157 Childcare Center (PK) Source: District Superintendents: Crozier, Wahls and Trenkamp

194 In 2013, the updated State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation plan utilized a series of equations to result in a consistent loss estimation model. This model was formulated at the statewide, regional and county‐wide level with the exception of the earthquake estimate is based on a published study for statewide loss. Whenever available data allowed, the resulting loss estimates were developed and broken into categories or types of damage. At the state level, the specific loss numbers as reported by the NCDC have been separated and/or averaged by each county when specific events were reported across county jurisdictions. This resulted in loss figures being counted only once.

State of Iowa Loss Estimation Equations Flooding ‐ considers the following factors: Mapped Floodplain Areas (FP) Repetitive Loss Structures (RL) 16 Year Statewide Annual Flood Damage History (DH)

Annual Flood Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (16 Years) = Annual County‐wide Flood Loss Estimate (FLE)

Drought – considers the following factors: 15 Year Drought Record for County (TR) Statewide Annual Drought Damage History (DH)

Annual Drought Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (15 Years) = Annual County‐wide Drought Loss Estimate (DLE)

Tornado – considers the following factors: 60 Year Tornado Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Tornado Damage History (DH)

Annual Tornado Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (60 Years) = Annual County‐wide Tornado Loss Estimate (TLE)

Hailstorm – considers the following factors: 16 Year Hailstorm Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Hailstorm Damage History (DH)

Annual Hailstorm Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (61 Years) = Annual County‐wide Hailstorm Loss Estimate (HLE)

Thunderstorm – considers the following factors: 17 Year Thunderstorm Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Thunderstorm Damage History (DH)

Annual Thunderstorm Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (17 Years) = Annual County‐wide Thunderstorm Loss Estimate (TSLE)

195 Extreme Cold – considers the following factors: 10 Year Extreme Cold Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Extreme Cold Damage History (DH)

Annual Extreme Cold Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (10 Years) = Annual County‐wide Extreme Cold Loss Estimate (ECLE)

Snow & Ice – considers the following factors: 16 Year Snow & Ice Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Snow & Ice Damage History (DH)

Annual Snow & Ice Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (16 Years) = Annual County‐wide Snow & Ice Loss Estimate (SILE)

Windstorm – considers the following factors: 17 Year Windstorm Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Windstorm Damage History (DH)

Annual Windstorm Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (17 Years) = Annual County‐wide Windstorm Loss Estimate (WSLE)

Lightning – considers the following factors: 17 Year Lightning Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Lightning Damage History (DH)

Annual Lightning Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (17 Years) = Annual County‐wide Lightning Loss Estimate (LLE)

Extreme Heat – considers the following factors: 16 Year Extreme Heat Record for County (WR) Statewide Annual Extreme Heat Damage History (DH)

Annual Extreme Heat Damage History (DH) / Number of Years of Recorded Loss (16 Years) = Annual County‐wide Extreme Heat Loss Estimate (EHLE)

196

Table 46: Clayton County Property and Crop Loss by Natural Hazards in 1996‐2015 Flood Drought Extreme Heat Extreme Cold Hail Snow & Ice

$51,643,500 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,894,550 $ 0

Tornado Lightning Thunderstorm Wildfire Windstorm TOTAL

$ 70,000 $ 4,500 $2,259,500 $0 $1,159,500 $65,031,550 Source: NCDC

The Planning Area vulnerability assessment was limited to the hazards that received high or moderate planning significance scores based on HMPC input. Planning significance scores are noted based on the CPRI Index.

The HMPC, after hazard profiling, eliminated the hazards with low and no planning significance when considering vulnerability and hazard summary. Detailed vulnerability assessment is not provided for hazards with low and no planning significance scores. Hazard vulnerabilities are presented in alphabetical order by hazard.

Dam Failure Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. A dam failure can be immediate and catastrophic leaving little or no time to warn those downstream of the imminent hazard. The area impacted would be limited to that in or near the floodplain, but people and property out of the floodplain are not immune. Operations could be affected by communication loss, critical facility damage/destruction, etc. The Cities of Marquette, McGregor, Clayton, Guttenberg and North Buena Vista along with all areas along the Mississippi River are most at risk to dam failure.

Flash Flood Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. Major flash flooding has the potential to impact the entire Planning Area in some way, including shutting off access to communities with closed roads and bridges.

Grass or Wild Land Fire Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. Given the desire for agricultural and other burning practices, the whole Planning Area is at risk. With high winds and limited resources, a small fire could do major damage. All structures and infrastructure are at risk for damage in the impacted area.

Hailstorm Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. In general, assets in the Planning Area that are vulnerable to hail damage include crops and built structures. If hail size is large in diameter and crops are at a vulnerable stage in the plant/harvest cycle, it is possible for a great percentage of crop yields to be lost as result of even a single hail event.

Structural damage, such as roof damage, damages to siding and windows occurs frequently with hail damage and is usually covered under private insurance. Specific structural damages in the Planning Area as a result of hail damage are not available.

Personal injury can also occur as a result of very large hail if individuals are outdoors during a hail event.

Hazardous Materials Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. A hazardous materials accident can occur almost anywhere, so any area is considered vulnerable. People, pets, livestock, and vegetation in close proximity to facilities producing, storing, or transporting hazardous substances are at higher risk. Populations downstream, downwind, and downhill of a released substance are particularly vulnerable.

197

Infrastructure Failure Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. The effects of communication failure would severely impact emergency service and would likely occur with little or no warning. All structures and bridges are vulnerable to structural failure, especially in the event of an earthquake, fire, high winds, or flooding.

Landslide Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. Structures overlooking river valleys and steep ravines are most vulnerable to landslides. The Cities of Elkport, Garber, Luana, Millville, North Buena Vista, Osterdock, St. Olaf and Volga and many Unincorporated Areas are most vulnerable in Clayton County with their steep bluffs and river valleys.

Levee Failure Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. Levee failure is typically an additional or secondary impact of another disaster such as flooding or earthquake. The impacts to the Planning Area from a levee failure would be similar in some cases to those associated with river flooding events (see the river flood hazard vulnerability analysis and discussion). All structures and infrastructure in the floodplain, including critical facilities, are particularly at risk for damages.

River Flood Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. Major river flooding has the potential to impact the entire town in some way, be it closed roads, resulting in limited access to business or residential areas, or the cost incurred to the community. All structures and infrastructure in the floodplain, including critical facilities, are particularly at risk for damages.

Table 47 reflects the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) status and Repetitive Loss (RL) Flood Property counts within the Planning Area

Table 47: Clayton County RL and NFIP, May 2016 Community Repetitive Types of Participating Identification NFIP Status Loss (RL) Structures Jurisdiction (CID) Number Properties City of Clayton 190072 Participating None City of Elkader 190073 Participating 9 Four properties are zoned for commercial use. Two are now lift stations, but were residential properties that were demolished after the 2008 flood. The lift stations were built to more than a foot above the 100‐year floodplain and are sealed. The city does not have flood insurance on the sewer lift stations. Three are empty lots, following demolition of residential properties from 2008 flood. City of Elkport 190074 Participating None City of Farmersburg 190075 Participating None City of Garber 190076 Participating 1 Commercial property that has placed retaining wall in front to prevent future flooding. The owner lives in the back of the property and that is zoned multi‐ residential. City of Garnavillo 190580 Not Participating None

198 Community Repetitive Types of Participating Identification NFIP Status Loss (RL) Structures Jurisdiction (CID) Number Properties City of Guttenberg 190077 Participating None City of Luana 190767 Participating None City of Marquette 195182 Participating None City of McGregor 195183 Participating 1 Residential property. City of Monona 190620 Not Participating None City of North Buena 190082 Participating None City of Osterdock 190083 Not Participating None City of St. Olaf 190084 Participating None City of Strawberry 190662 Participating None City of Volga 190085 Participating None Unincorporated Areas 190858 Participating 3 All three are residential properties. Two are outside of the city limits of Guttenberg and one outside the city limits of Garber.

Source: http://bsa.nfipstat.com/comm_status/index.html

Severe Winter Storm Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. During periods of icing and/or heavy snow fall, transportation can be treacherous. The most significant damage during winter storm events occur when freezing rain and drizzle accumulate on utility poles and power lines causing widespread power outages. Since the power outages associated with winter storms occur during cold weather, the population is at risk to cold temperature exposures. As with extreme heat events, the elderly and poverty populations are considered to be more vulnerable.

Thunderstorm & Lightning Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. Those in unprotected areas, mobile homes, and automobiles during a storm are most at risk to injury. Sudden strong winds often accompany a severe thunderstorm and may blow down trees across roads and power lines. Livestock and people who are outdoors, especially under a tree or other natural lightning rods, in or on water, or on or near hilltops are most at risk for lightning.

Tornado Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. The Planning Area is located in a region of the U.S. with high frequency of dangerous and destructive tornadoes. On at least two occasions tornadoes have resulted in injuries to residents of Clayton County.

Warning time for tornados is relatively short. Children, the elderly and disabled persons are particularly vulnerable to such hazards with rapid onset. There is an identified need for storm shelters that can withstand the force of a major tornado and to protect the safety of residents in Clayton County. All infrastructure and structures are at risk for damage since currently, none are built to resist tornado wind speeds.

Transportation Incident Vulnerability Planning Significance: Moderate. Natural hazards, such as severe winter weather, can increase vulnerability to transportation incidents. The most common form on transportation accidents in Clayton County are Highway Transportation Incidents which are most likely to occur on the U.S. and State Highways due to the speed traveled and amount of traffic is higher. Any transportation incident could close roads or bridges, resulting in limited access to business or residential areas. Structures and infrastructure would be impacted if they were located close enough to the roadway where the incident happened and were affected by the collision or secondary collision.

199 Windstorm Vulnerability Planning Significance: High. Damaging windstorms are a common occurrence in the Planning Area. Damages frequently occur to structures and power lines. Debris flying from high wind events can shatter windows in structures and vehicles and can harm people that are not adequately sheltered.

Summary of Key Issues Table 48 reflects the previously described summary results of the Hazard Ranking for the Participating Jurisdictions in order of High to Low Planning Significance based on the methodology described previously.

Table 48: Clayton County’s Hazard Ranking – High to Low Planning Significance, 2016 Warning Spatial Planning Hazard Probability Magnitude Duration CPRI Time Extent Significance Severe Winter 4 3 4 3 2 3.55 High Storms Flash Floods 4 4 2 4 3 3.50 High River Floods 4 4 1 4 3 3.50 High Tornadoes 4 2 4 2 4 3.30 High Hailstorms 4 2 4 2 4 3.30 High Windstorms 3 4 4 1 4 3.25 High Thunderstorms 4 2 2 2 4 3.00 High & Lightning Hazardous 3 3 4 2 2 3.00 High Materials Animal/Plant/ 2 2 4 2 1 2.25 Moderate Crop Disease Radiological 2 2 4 2 1 2.25 Moderate Incident Transportation 2 2 4 2 1 2.25 Moderate Incident Extreme Heat 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Grass or 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Wildfire Landslides 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate Terrorism 2 2 4 1 1 2.15 Moderate

Dam Failure 1 2 4 4 3 2.10 Moderate

Levee Failure 1 2 4 4 3 2.10 Moderate

Infrastructure 2 2 3 1 1 2.05 Moderate Failure Sinkholes 2 1 4 1 1 1.90 Low Human Disease 1 2 2 4 2 1.80 Low Drought 1 2 1 4 4 1.70 Low Earthquake 1 1 4 1 4 1.60 Low Source: HMPC

200

The following section summarizes key issues brought out by the risk assessment from the hazards of moderate and high planning significance, arranged alphabetically by hazard.

Flash Flood Low‐lying areas and the basements of structures are vulnerable with heavy rains When flood waters saturate the ground, ground water can become contaminated Private wells can become contaminated Flash floods can have severe impacts to low‐lying areas adjacent to the water source, particularly main access roads to communities

Grass and Wild Land Fire Agricultural practices which include controlled burning take place in rural areas Increased concern with city limits embedded in rural areas susceptible to grass or wild land fire; all structures and infrastructures are at risk Mutual Aid relied upon heavily for fire protection

Hailstorm Crops, structures, and vehicles are damaged by large hail events The associated thunderstorms can generate damaging winds

Hazardous Materials Entire Planning Area and beyond could be affected depending on the amount of HAZMAT released and its potency A specialized response team out of Linn County, Iowa, responds to HAZMAT incidents in Clayton County HAZMAT is most prevalently transported on our roadways to the fixed storage sites in the spring, summer, and fall months Propane fuel and anhydrous ammonia are transported on the roadways 365 days a year; most frequently by the agricultural community during planting season Railways are transporting hazardous materials through the County up to 4‐5 times daily

Infrastructure Failure A lack of secondary power sources exists Cell phone service is intermittent or void in many areas of the Planning Area Emergency responders radio communication devices not always compatible with information recipients, forcing responders to “re‐route” their call through up to five other resources before emergency messages reach the destination

Levee Failure Waters overtopping the current levees have severe impacts to the communities with structures and infrastructure damaged routinely, especially in the floodplain

River Flood When flood waters saturate the ground, ground water contamination can be experienced Private wells become contaminated River floods have had and can have severe impacts to the communities with structures and infrastructure damaged routinely, especially in the floodplain

201 Severe Winter Storm Snow load on roofs can cause structure damage Ice accumulation damages power lines and power infrastructure Roads become hazardous for motorists Schools and businesses close as a result of power outages and treacherous road conditions Freeze conditions can cause losses to crop yield. Over $1 million in crop insurance claims as a result of freeze conditions in Clayton County

Tornado No known FEMA‐compliant tornado safe rooms exist in Clayton County Clayton County has the need for an improved warning system Damage endured from a tornado could range from minimal to complete devastations Agricultural production and financial return can be severely impacted

Transportation Incident Highway Transportation Incidents occur on nearly a daily basis on our roadways in varying degrees of severity, serious injury and loss of life are fortunately less common Incidents can range in severity to minor injuries and damage to the vehicles to the loss of life Roadways could be blocked off while the involved vehicles and/or response personnel are on scene

Windstorm Frequent wind events can cause damage to power lines Unsecured mobile homes, campers, barns, and sheds and their occupants are specifically vulnerable Trees and tree limb debris damage power lines, power infrastructure, structures, and automobiles Roofs are frequently damaged

202 Table 49 records the CPRI scores for each city within Clayton County. Scores indicating a high planning significance for each city are shaded in yellow, hazard CPRI scores with moderate planning significance are shaded in pink.

Table 49: CPRI Score s by City

City

Point

f Buena

Ola Hazard Elkport Farmersburg Garber Garnavillo Guttenberg Luana Marquette McGregor Monona North Vista Osterdock Strawberry St. Volga Clayton Elkader Animal/Plant/ Crop Disease 2.40 1.90 1.70 1.90 2.70 2.35 1.00 1.35 1.30 1.90 2.35 2.40 1.90 1.35 1.70 1.90 Dam Failure 1.00 1.55 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 1.30 1.00 2.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Drought 1.70 1.55 2.35 1.55 3.10 1.75 2.00 1.25 1.75 1.45 1.75 1.70 1.55 1.25 1.70 1.55 Earthquake 1.60 1.75 1.00 1.00 1.40 1.25 1.00 1.60 2.05 1.60 1.25 1.60 1.00 1.60 1.00 1.75 Extreme Heat 2.15 1.45 2.60 1.45 3.70 1.95 2.90 1.90 1.85 1.45 1.95 2.15 1.45 1.90 2.15 1.45 Flash Flood 2.40 2.20 3.30 2.20 3.60 1.30 4.00 1.45 3.15 3.45 1.30 2.40 2.20 1.45 3.15 3.15 Grass or Wildfire 2.15 1.50 3.55 1.50 3.70 1.30 2.00 2.40 1.45 1.30 1.30 2.15 1.50 2.40 1.50 1.50 Hailstorm 2.40 2.05 2.80 2.05 3.70 2.20 2.00 1.85 2.20 1.45 2.20 2.40 2.05 1.85 2.40 2.05 Hazardous Materials 3.10 1.50 2.70 1.50 3.25 2.15 2.00 3.50 2.00 3.20 2.15 3.10 1.50 3.50 2.00 1.50 Human Disease 1.00 1.55 4.00 1.55 2.35 1.95 4.00 1.80 1.30 1.30 1.95 1.00 1.55 1.80 1.00 1.55 Infrastructure Failure 1.90 2.20 2.15 2.20 2.85 1.55 3.00 2.30 2.00 2.15 4.00 1.90 2.20 2.30 1.90 2.20 Landslide 2.15 1.80 2.40 1.80 3.20 1.00 3.00 1.45 2.30 2.35 1.00 2.15 1.80 1.00 2.15 1.80 Levee Failure 1.45 1.95 2.85 1.95 3.35 1.00 3.00 1.45 2.35 2.15 1.00 1.45 1.95 1.00 1.45 1.95 Radiological 1.90 1.60 2.65 1.60 2.25 1.00 1.00 2.45 1.00 2.50 1.00 1.90 1.60 2.45 1.90 1.60 River Flood 2.30 3.05 3.15 2.20 4.00 1.00 4.00 1.60 2.35 2.75 1.00 2.30 2.20 1.60 3.30 3.05 Severe Winter Storm 2.40 2.20 2.80 2.20 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 2.60 2.65 3.90 2.40 2.20 3.00 2.40 2.20 Sink Hole 1.45 2.55 2.40 2.55 3.70 1.00 3.45 1.90 1.75 1.30 1.00 1.45 2.55 1.90 1.45 2.55 Terrorism 1.00 2.20 2.65 2.20 1.40 2.15 3.45 3.75 2.55 1.95 2.15 1.00 2.20 3.75 1.00 2.20 Thunderstorm and Lightning 2.45 3.30 2.60 3.30 3.65 1.85 3.00 2.35 3.15 2.60 1.85 2.45 3.30 2.35 2.45 3.30 Tornadoes 2.40 2.35 2.75 2.35 3.30 2.15 4.00 2.80 2.35 2.50 2.15 2.40 2.35 2.80 2.40 2.35 Transportation Incident 3.10 1.90 2.75 1.90 3.85 2.25 2.00 3.40 2.90 2.90 2.25 3.10 1.90 3.40 1.90 1.90 Windstorm 2.40 2.80 3.20 2.80 4.00 2.10 2.00 3.05 3.30 2.90 2.10 2.40 2.80 3.05 2.40 2.80

Source: HMPC and Members of the Community

203

Mitigation Strategy

Requirement 201.6(c)(3): The plan shall include a mitigation strategy that provides the jurisdiction’s blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the risk assessment, based on existing authorities, policies, programs and resources, and its ability to expand on and improve these existing tools.

This section presents the mitigation strategy developed by the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) and the participating jurisdictions based on the countywide risk assessment as well as each city’s strategies. This mitigation strategy was developed through a collaborative group process and consists of general goal statements to guide Clayton County in efforts to lessen disaster impacts as well as specific mitigation actions that can be put in place to directly reduce vulnerability to hazards and losses. The following definitions are based upon those found in FEMA publications 386‐3, Developing a Hazard Mitigation Plan (2003):

Goals – General guidelines that explain what you want to achieve. Goals are defined before considering how to accomplish them so that they are not dependent on the means of achievement. They are usually long‐term, broad, policy‐type statements Objectives – Strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals Mitigation Actions – Specific actions that help achieve goals and objectives

Goals Requirement 201.6(c)(3)(i): [The hazard mitigation strategy shall include a] description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long‐term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards.

Goals were used to provide direction for reducing hazard‐related losses in the participating jurisdictions. The HMPC reviewed the goals from previously approved hazard mitigation plans and determined that the goals were still valid for this update. The four main goals, in no order of priority, are:

Goal 1: Minimize vulnerability of the people and their property in participating jurisdictions to the impacts of hazards Goal 2: Protect critical facilities, infrastructure and other community assets from the impacts of hazards Goal 3: Improve education and awareness regarding hazards and risk in Clayton County Goal 4: Strengthen communication among agencies and between agencies and the public

Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions

44 CFR Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii): The mitigation strategy shall include a section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

After review of hazards and defining the level of concern placed on each by the county and its communities, mitigation actions were retained from the previous Clayton County HMP to address those hazards deemed most critical. Actions fell into broad categories as defined below:

Prevention: Administrative or regulatory actions or processes that influence the way land and buildings are developed and built

204 Property protection: Actions that involve the modification of existing buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard or remove them for the hazard area Structural: Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of hazards Natural resource protection: Actions that, in addiction to minimizing hazard losses, also preserve or restore the functions of natural systems Emergency services: Actions that protect people and property during and immediately after a disaster or hazard event Public education and awareness: Actions to inform and educate citizens, elected officials, and property owners about the hazards and potential ways to mitigate them

Meetings open to the public were held in each community and by the planning committee to review past mitigation actions from the previous hazard mitigation plan (2011), brainstorm new possible mitigation actions and discuss all for inclusion in this updated plan. For each action identified in this plan, a mitigation action implementation worksheet and STAPLEE score was completed and included. The STAPLEE score was completed and included. The STAPLEE priorities are found in Table 50 and the implementation worksheets follow.

Goal 1: Minimize vulnerability of the people and their property in the participating jurisdictions to the impacts of hazards

Strategy: Develop safe and functioning havens as well as evacuation plans for the public in the event of a disaster

Mitigation Actions: Storm Shelter – FEMA compliant safe room Generators/Transfer Switches

Strategy: Ensure that emergency responders are prepared and able to react in any hazard situation

Mitigation Actions:

Maintain/improve emergency responder training Expand/improve communications/technology infrastructure and equipment Maintain/improve emergency responder equipment New emergency responder vehicles

Strategy: Ensure that local jurisdictions are prepared and able to react in any hazard situation

Mitigation Actions:

Maintain/improve flood mitigation equipment Sirens – additions/replacements/upgrades Develop and evacuation plan for community members – educate the public NFIP participation/consideration Maintain partnerships for effective and prompt emergency response Develop water and/or soil conservation strategies Improvements to transportation safety and response Waterway and structural changes/maintenance/upgrades/construction Develop city codes to address issues (buildings with tornado safe areas, flood plains, etc.) Acquire and demolish damaged structures Develop tree treatment and replacement plan

205 Goal 2: Protect critical facilities, infrastructure and other community assets from the impacts of hazards

Strategy: Ensure that emergency responders have the tools they need to prepare and/or respond to hazards

Mitigation Actions:

Maintain/improve emergency responder training Maintain/improve flood mitigation equipment Expand/improve communications/technology infrastructure and equipment Maintain/improve emergency responder equipment New emergency responder vehicles Fire Station expansions/construction

Strategy: Maintain the function of critical facilities and services to provide continued support in the event of a disaster

Mitigation Actions:

Generators/transfer switches Improved/upgraded water/sewer facilities (wells, systems, hydrants, lagoons, etc.)

Strategy: E

Mitigation Actions:

Ensure the plan is updated prior to expiration NFIP participation/consideration Maintain partnerships for effective and prompt emergency response Develop water and/or soil conservation strategies Waterway and structural changes/maintenance/upgrades/construction Develop city codes to address issues (buildings with tornado safe areas, flood plains, etc.) Acquire and demolish structures Develop tree treatment and replacement plan

Strategy: Provide ample warning to people and businesses to reduce loss of life or property

Mitigation Actions:

Expand/improve communications/technology infrastructure and equipment Sirens – additions/replacements/upgrades

Goal 3: Improve education and awareness regarding hazards and risk in the participating jurisdictions

Strategy: Improve public knowledge and awareness of potential hazards and the individual and collaborative actions that can be taken to reduce or eliminate the risk and impact of an event

Mitigation Actions:

Ensure that the plan is updated prior to expiration

206 Develop an evacuation plan for community members – educate the public NFIP participation/consideration Maintain partnerships for effective and prompt emergency service Promote the Hazard Mitigation Plan to the Public Improvements to transportation safety and response Promote/purchase/subsidize “all‐hazards” radios for community members

Goal 4: Strengthen communication among agencies and between agencies and the public

Strategy: Ensure that emergency responders have the ability and protocol to communicate effectively with one another and the public before, during and after a hazard event

Mitigation Actions:

Maintain/improve emergency responder training Maintain/improve flood mitigation equipment Expand/improve communications/technology infrastructure and equipment Maintain/improve emergency responder equipment Sirens – additions/replacements/upgrades Maintain partnerships for effective and prompt emergency response

Strategy: Increase public knowledge and awareness of potential hazards and the warning and response systems in place to react to an event

Mitigation Actions:

Ensure that the plan is updated prior to expiration Develop an evacuation plan for community members – educate the public Promote the Hazard Mitigation Plan to the Public Promote/purchase/subsidize “all‐hazards” radios for community members

Implementation of Mitigation Actions Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii): The mitigation strategy shall include an action strategy describing how the actions identified in paragraph (c)(3)(ii) will be prioritized, implemented, and administered by the local jurisdiction. Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to a cost benefits review of the proposed projects and their associated costs.

After the actions to include in the mitigation strategy for each of the jurisdictions was determined, a STAPLEE tool was used to help guide a discussion to prioritize the mitigation actions that are included in this plan. STAPLEE is used to assess the costs and benefits, and overall feasibility of mitigation actions. STAPLEE stands for the following:

Social: Will the action be acceptable to the community? Could it have an unfair effect on a particular segment of the population? Technical: Is the action technically feasible? Are there secondary impacts? Does it offer a long‐term solution? Administrative: Are there adequate staffing, funding, and maintenance capabilities to implement the project? Political: Will there be adequate political and public support for the project? Legal: Does your jurisdiction have the legal authority to implement the action? Economic: Is the action cost‐beneficial? Is there funding available? Will the action contribute to the local

207 economy? Environmental: Will there be negative environmental consequences from the action? Does it comply with environmental regulations? Is it consistent with community environmental goals?

The STAPLEE criteria were reviewed prior to the prioritization discussion. For each action, the participating attendees discussed each proposed action and its feasibility given the STAPLEE criteria and came to consensus on the priority level of each proposed action. These priorities were also weighed in their ability to address or mitigate hazards that were given a high level of planning significance by any participating jurisdictions:

Extreme Heat Flash Floods Hailstorm Hazardous Materials River Floods Severe Winter Storms Thunderstorms & Lightning Tornadoes Windstorm

In the 2011 MJ‐19 Plan, only four of the 19 jurisdictions were written at the same time. The others were all written separately, as the communities transitioned from single jurisdictions to a multi‐jurisdictional plan. Mitigation Actions were developed separately. And while the STAPLEE criteria were utilized, prioritization of mitigation actions were based on the CRPIs as well as planning committee input and budgeting. Now, in the 2016 Clayton County Multi‐Hazard Multi‐ Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan, with a more cohesive countywide approach, prioritization of mitigation actions is based on high feasibility (through STAPLEE criteria) and ability to address high priority hazards (through CPRI scoring), each action was prioritized as high, medium or low:

High Priority = high feasibility and addresses higher priority hazards Medium Priority = fairly feasible and addresses moderate to high priority hazards Low Priority = low feasibility and addresses low to moderate priority hazards

Table 50 lists the general mitigation actions the participating jurisdictions selected to include in the plan, the action category, goals and hazards addressed by the mitigation action. More details regarding the specific actions by jurisdiction are included after this table.

Table 50: General Mitigation Actions by Jurisdiction and Priority Mitigation Action: Jurisdiction: Action Category: Priority: Goal Addressed: Priority Hazard Addressed:

Generators/ Transfer All Emergency High 1, 2 All Flood, Switches Services All Storms

Storm shelter – FEMA All Structural, High 1 All Storms compliant safe rooms Emergency Services

208 Mitigation Action: Jurisdiction: Action Category: Priority: Goal Addressed: Priority Hazard Addressed:

Maintain/improve County Emergency High 1,2 4 All Priority emergency responder Services Hazards training

Maintain/improve County, Natura Resource High 1,2,4 All Floods flood mitigation Clayton, Protection, equipment Elkader, Emergency Elkport, Services Garber, Marquette, McGregor, NBV, St. Olaf, Volga

Expand/improve All Emergency High 1,2,4 All Priority communications/tech Services Hazards nology infrastructure and equipment Ensure the plan is County Public Education High 2,3,4 All Priority updated prior to and Awareness Hazards expansion

Maintain/improve All Emergency High 1,2,4 All Priority emergency responder Services Hazards equipment

Sirens – additions/ All Emergency High 2 All Storms replacements/ Services upgrades

Fire Station Garnavillo Structural, High 2 Hazardous Expansions/ Emergency Materials, Construction Services Transportation Incident Improved/upgraded Garnavillo, Property High 1,2,3,4 All Priority water/sewer facilities Luana, Protection, Hazards (wells, systems, McGregor, Structural, hydrants, lagoons, St. Olaf Natural etc.) Resources Maintain partnerships All Emergency High 1,2,3,4 All Priority for effective and Services Hazards prompt emergency response

Develop water and/or County, Natural Resource Medium 1,2 All Floods, soil conservation Marquette Protection, Drought, strategies Public Education Extreme Heat and Awareness

209 Mitigation Action: Jurisdiction: Action Category: Priority: Goal Addressed: Priority Hazard Addressed:

Promote the HMP to County Public Education Medium 3,4 All Priority the public and Awareness Hazards

Develop City Codes to County, All Prevention Medium 3,4 All floods, fires, address issues Hazardous Materials, Transportation Incident

Improvements to All Public Education Medium 1,3,4 All Floods, transportation safety and Awareness Hazardous and response Materials, Transportation Incident Acquire and demolish All Property Low 1,2 All Priority damaged structures Protection, Hazards Natural Resource Protection

Monitor potential McGregor Property Low 1,2 Landslide landslide areas Protection, Natural Resource Protection

210 High Priority Actions

Generators/Transfer Switches Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Purchase mobile generators Clayton County EMC HMGP, DNR, Iowa 6‐12 months after <$10,000 each for deployment countywide HSEMD funding as needed Install generator hook up for Clayton County Building, Clayton County Courthouse and Farmersburg Maintenance Shop Purchase permanent generator for one of the above to ensure coverage at all critical facilities Clayton Wire well for backup power Clayton City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 funds, LOST, HMGP fund Elkader Install generator and wiring Elkader City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 at City Hall funds, LOST, HMGP fund Garnavillo Install wiring for portable Garnavillo City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 generator at Garnavillo funds, LOST, HMGP fund Community Center Guttenberg Purchase and install Guttenberg City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 each generators at the municipal funds, LOST, HMGP fund building, two flood pumps, lift station and third well Luana Either rewire portable Luana City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 each generator purchased from funds, LOST, HMGP fund the US Army for use in the US or purchase new portable generator for critical facilities Marquette Purchase generator and Marquette City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 install wiring for Marquette funds, LOST, HMGP fund Community Center

211 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost McGregor Purchase and install McGregor City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 each generator for the WWTF, funds, LOST, HMGP fund Well#7, Well#6, and other critical facilities Monona Purchase/upgrade Monona City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 each generators and/or wiring for funds, LOST, HMGP fund all critical facilities including lift stations, fire station, water tower and wells St. Olaf Purchase and install St. Olaf City Council City general/enterprise 6‐12 months after <$10,000 each generators for city hall, fire funds, LOST, HMGP fund station, well, lift station and sewer facility

Storm shelter – FEMA compliant safe room Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost All Consider building a Board of Supervisors, All City general funds, LOST, 1‐2 years after funding >$300,000 each FEMA‐compliant safe City Councils, Central, District Funds (as room with all new Clayton Ridge and MFL applicable), HMGP government MarMac School Districts construction in the county

Maintain/improve emergency responder training Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Continue to work with Clayton County, EMC EMC staff time, county Ongoing – annually <$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 Healthcare Coalition to emergency better prepare for management funds disease control McGregor Establish and Evacuation McGregor City EMC staff time, county 1‐2 years <$50,000 Plan for the city in the Council/McGregor Hook and city emergency event of a train & Ladder Co, Clayton management funds derailment or other County EMC

212 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost hazard Monona Continue to have fire Fire Department Chief Fire grants, HMGP, Ongoing – annually <$50,000 department work with participant fees county and regional groups for HAZMAT operations training in the event of a train derailment Volga Continue to educate and City Council Staff time Ongoing – annually <$50,0000 organize NIMS requirements so community is properly aware

Maintain/improve flood mitigation equipment Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Elkport Update and ensure Elkport City Council City General Funds, Ongoing – monthly <$10,000 ‐ >$500,000 efficiency of floodgates HSEMD on Turkey River and Elk Creek

Expand/improve communications/technology infrastructure and equipment Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Promote the Clayton Clayton County EMC Staff time <6 months after plan <$10,000 County HMP to the approval public via the county website Install new VPN for Clayton County Sheriff County 1‐2 years >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 patrol deputies to create mobile offices with data backup Develop mass Clayton County EMC State of Iowa <6 months <$10,000 notification system

213 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost through ALERT Iowa Develop new county Clayton County County general funds <1 year >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 website that includes Alert Iowa Clayton, Garber, Luana, Continue to backup city City Administrators, Staff Time 6‐12 months <$10,000 each Monona, St. Olaf, Volga data offsite or use Iowa Managers, Clerks Drive Clayton Work with Garnavillo Clayton City Council Staff Time 6‐12 months <$1,000 Fire Department on 28E Agreement for coverage

Ensure the plan is updated prior to expiration Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Ensure the Clayton Clayton County EMC County Emergency 3‐4 years $30,000 County HMP is reviewed Management Funds, and kept current HMGP

Maintain/improve emergency responder equipment Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Install Salamander to Clayton County EMC County Emergency <1 year $112,000 track resources and Management Funds equipment Clayton Update, maintain and City Council General Fund Ongoing – monthly <$1,000 regularly test defibrillator to be available for emergencies

Sirens – additions/replacements/upgrades Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Elkader Update all four warning Elkader City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 sirens with ones that are Funds becoming available

214 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost voice‐activated, have battery backup and are remotely activated Farmersburg Update warning siren as Farmersburg City HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 needed for coverage Council Funds becoming available Garnavillo Purchase and install Garnavillo City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 additional warning Funds becoming available sirens to ensure sufficient coverage throughout the city and to replace older systems with ones that have voice messaging Guttenberg Purchase new siren Guttenberg City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 warning systems to Funds becoming available replace two that are more than 40 years old and activated by the sheriff’s office. Add additional sirens as coverage is needed as well. Luana Purchase new warning Luana City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 siren systems to replace Funds becoming available old siren and to ensure expanded coverage Marquette Monitor existing Marquette City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months after >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 warning sirens and add Funds funding becomes sirens as needed to available provide adequate coverage for the city McGregor Continue to upgrade McGregor City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 and purchase outdoor Funds becoming available warning systems to ensure adequate coverage

215 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Monona Purchase new warning Monona City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 sirens. Two of the Funds becoming available existing warning sirens are more than 20 years old and a third is more than 40 years old. None of the sirens have voice messaging capabilities. There is enough coverage at this point, but concern over the age of the sirens. St. Olaf Test warning sirens St. Olaf City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 monthly at fire meetings Funds becoming available and purchase new siren as funding is available Strawberry Point Purchase, install and Strawberry Point City HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 maintain warning siren Council Funds becoming available equipment and alert notification system Volga Purchase and install Volga City Council HMGP, City General 6‐12 months of funding >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 warning siren system Funds becoming available with battery backup and voice capabilities

Fire Station expansions/construction Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Garnavillo Build new Fire Station at Garnavillo City Council Donations, Grants and 2016‐2017 $250,000 ‐ $500,000 206 W. Centre St. Fundraisers Luana Build a new fire station Luana Fire Department Donations, Grants and 3‐4 years $200,000 for growing city Fundraisers

216

Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii): The mitigation strategy shall include a section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard, with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure.

NFIP participation/consideration Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton Continue to remain NFIP Clayton City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Elkader Continue to remain NFIP Elkader City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Elkport Continue to remain NFIP Elkport City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Farmersburg Continue to remain NFIP Farmersburg City City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update Council floodplain ordinances Garber Continue to remain NFIP Garber City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Garnavillo Consider NFIP Garnavillo City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 membership Guttenberg Continue to remain NFIP Guttenberg City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Luana Continue to remain NFIP Luana City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Marquette Continue to remain NFIP Marquette City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances McGregor Continue to remain NFIP McGregor City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Monona Consider NFIP Monona City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000

217 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost membership North Buena Vista Continue to remain NFIP North Buena Vista City City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update Council floodplain ordinances Osterdock Consider rejoining NFIP Osterdock City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually >$10,000 ‐ <$100,000 St. Olaf Continue to remain NFIP St. Olaf City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances Strawberry Point Continue to remain NFIP Strawberry Point City City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update Council floodplain ordinances Volga Continue to remain NFIP Volga City Council City general funds Ongoing – annually <$10,000 compliant and update floodplain ordinances

Improved/upgraded water/sewer facilities (wells, systems, hydrants, lagoons, etc.) Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Elkader Establish water well Elkader City Council City general/enterprise 2016‐2017 >$100,000‐<$300,000 protections for the city’s funds, DNR, CDBG wells Garber Investigate possibility of Garber City Council As funding becomes >$500,000 installing city water and available sewer. At this time the community is not eligible for FEMA‐safe room funding because of lack of city water and sewer Guttenberg Put fence around the Guttenberg City Council City general/enterprise 2016 >$100,000‐<$500,000 water tower, well heads funds and water treatment facility to protect the sites. McGregor Elevate or add McGregor City Council City general/enterprise As funding becomes >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 protection to lift funds, DNR, CDBG available

218 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost stations and pump at lift stations Routinely check valves McGregor City Council City general funds Ongoing ‐ monthly >$10,000‐<$50,000 on storm sewers and replace as needed Continue to upgrade McGregor City Council City general As funding becomes >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 aged water and sewer funds/CDBG/DNR available lines to promote healthy drinking water and prevent inflow and infiltration Continue to monitor McGregor City Council City Public Works time Ongoing – monthly <$10,000 storm sewers that drain into rivers and create silt of shallow spots that cause backups and drainage issues Continue to monitor McGregor City Council City Public Works time Ongoing – monthly <$10,000 sinkholes that are created by antiquated storm sewer lines that have historic underground tunnels. Prevent total collapse of the system Install security at critical McGregor City Council City general/enterprise As funding becomes >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 facilities, such as a fence funds, DNR, CDBG available around the WWTF Develop methods of McGregor City Council City general/enterprise As funding becomes >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 alternate access to the funds, DNR, CDBG available Heights and to the Well House as trucks cannot get to the areas and equipment needs to be hauled and poles climbed

219 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Provide flood protection McGregor City Council City general/enterprise As funding becomes >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 for all critical facilities in funds, DNR, CDBG available the floodplain, including well#7, located at the foot of Main St. Monona Upgrade three lift Monona City Council City general/enterprise As funding becomes >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 stations with new funds, DNR, CDBG available generators and electrical panels as part of Phase II Sanitary Sewer Improvement Project. Osterdock Purchase a portable 5‐6” Osterdock City Council City general funds <1 year >$10,000 ‐<$50,000 water pump St. Olaf Replace water mains St. Olaf City Council City general As funds become >$1,000,000 funds/bonds/grants available Replace storm sewers St. Olaf City Council City general As funds become >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 under North Main Street funds/bonds/grants available Strawberry Point Complete upgrade and Strawberry Point City City general As funds become >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 enhance water and Council funds/bonds/grants available wastewater treatment infrastructure Volga Install well protection Volga City Council City general funds 1‐2 years $50,000 ‐ $100,000

Maintain partnerships for effective and prompt emergency response Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost McGregor Work with Canadian McGregor City Canadian Pacific <1 year after funding $50,000 ‐ $100,000 Pacific Railroad to Council/CP becomes available increase safety in the city. The rail at the foot of Main Street at rail crossing was raised to prevent flooding, but should have crossing arms and lights at the same intersections to

220 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost increase safety.

Monona Four the five railroad Monona City Council/CP Canadian Pacific <1 year after funding $50,000 ‐ $100,000 crossings in Monona are becomes available lighted, but continue to work with Canadian Pacific Railroad to have all crossings in city lighted North Buena Vista Work with Canadian North Buena Vista City Canadian Pacific/IDOT <1 year after funding $50,000 ‐ $100,000 Pacific Railroad and Council/CP/IDOT becomes available IDOT for funding for lights and signs at all crossings in city

Medium Priority Actions Develop water and/or soil conservation strategies Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Improve land use Clayton County EMC Clayton County Budget 1‐3 years as funding >$10,000 ‐ <$500,000 management to and grants becomes available minimize water runoff and soil conservation Clayton Work with private Clayton City Council General Funds Ongoing – quarterly <$10,000 property owners to clean out debris from culverts to prevent flooding. Elkader Implement ACOE levee Elkader City Council City General Funds 1‐2 years >$100,000‐<$500,000 maintenance requirements Farmersburg Continue debris Farmersburg City City General Funds Ongoing – monthly <$10,000 management to prevent Council flooding Garber Continue to have Garber City Council Elkport and Garber <1 year >$10,000 ‐ <$500,000

221 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost discussions with Clayton General Funds, County County officials and the funds, HSEMD ACOE regarding the road on top of the dike and the big hole in the ground in Elkport. Officials are concerned the flood situation has not been properly solved and that high water will create a flood in the same pattern as previous floods. Garber Cement parking area at Garber City Council Garber General Funds 1‐2 years >$50,000 ‐ <$100,000 the boat ramp to prevent erosion and washing from heavy rains and flood events Garber Repair weak spots in the Garber City Council Garber General Funds 1‐4 years >$100,000 ‐ <$500,000 dike that are visible when there is water leaking from rains and flood events Garnavillo Implement storm water Garber City Council Garnavillo General 3‐4 years <$1,000,000 drainage plan to Funds, CDBG alleviate drainage and flooding problems Guttenberg Fulfill all requirements Guttenberg City Council Guttenberg General 2‐4 years >$50,000 ‐ <$500,000 from ACOE and FEMA Funds for levee accreditation Marquette Implement flood Marquette City Council Marquette General 2‐4 years Unknown mitigation actions based Funds on outcome of Watershed Study McGregor The City of McGregor McGregor City Council McGregor General 2‐4 years as funding >$500,000 ‐ has five dams located Funds becomes available <$1,000,000

222 Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost outside of the city limits and are adding three more to slow and control watershed runoff Continue debris removal McGregor City Council McGregor General Ongoing – monthly and <$50,000 to prevent storm sewers Funds more frequently during from filling and use heavy rains/flood pumps to remove excess seasons water Volga Explore lengthening Clayton County BOS County/HSEMD Open to discussion with >$500,000 C2W County Bridge to Clayton County. No prevent flooding timeline at this point. Enact ACOE Levee Volga City Council Volga City Funds 1‐3 years >$50,000 ‐ <$500,000 Inspection recommendations…

Promote the HMP to the public Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Clayton County Promote the Clayton Clayton County EMC Time Only Ongoing – annually <$10,000 County HMP to the public

Improvements to transportation and safety response Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Marquette Implement findings Marquette City Council, Marquette General 2‐4 years after funding Unknown from engineering study IDOT Funds, IDOT becomes available for road bypass construction and evacuations route

223 Develop city codes to address issues Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost County/All cities Help cities and county Clayton County EMC and Clayton County EMA <1 year <$10,000 implement more burn city councils budget, city general ban information to budgets better inform residents to prevent and control field fires and include in city codes as necessary

Low Priority Actions

Acquire and demolish damaged structures Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost Volga Continue to explore Volga City Council Volga General Funds, <1 year after funding is >$250,000 ‐ <$500,000 FEMA flood buyouts of HSEMD available properties that have repetitive damage when funding is available.

Monitor potential landslide areas Jurisdiction Specific Actions Responsible Agency Funding Source Timeframe Cost McGregor Continue to monitor McGregor City Council Time only Ongoing – quarterly or <$10,000 potential landslide area, as needed with heavy as the city is surrounded rains/floods by bluffs. Most of the property surrounding McGregor is state owned and the city cannot clear the debris.

224 Plan Maintenance Process

This section provides an overview of the overall strategy for plan maintenance and outlines the method and schedule for monitoring, updating, and evaluating the plan. It also discusses incorporating the plan into existing planning mechanisms and how to address continued public involvement.

Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating the Plan

Requirement 201.6(c)(4)(i): The plan maintenance process shall include a section describing the method and schedule of monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan within a five year cycle.

With adoption of this plan, the county‐wide HMPC and the Clayton County Emergency Management Agency Commission will be tasked with monitoring, evaluating, and maintaining the plan.

Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee

A multi‐jurisdictional county‐wide Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee (HMPC) has been appointed by the Clayton County Board of Supervisors. The county‐wide HMPC has agreed to meet as a committee once annually to monitor and evaluate the plan. The HMPC Team Lead will coordinate the meeting time and place and notify other members. The core duty of the HMPC in relation to this plan is to see it successfully carried out and to report to the community governing boards and the public on the status of plan implementation and mitigation opportunities. Other duties include reviewing and promoting mitigation proposals, hearing stakeholder concerns about hazard mitigation, passing concerns on to appropriate entities, and posting relevant information for the public to see.

More specifically, the county‐wide HMPC, lead by the HMPC Team Lead, agree to:  Meet annually to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the plan;  Act as a forum for hazard mitigation issues;  Disseminate hazard mitigation ideas and activities to all participants;  Pursue the implementation of high priority, low‐ or no‐cost recommended actions;  Maintain vigilant monitoring of multi‐objective, cost‐share, and other funding opportunities to help the community implement the plans recommended actions or which no current funding exists;  Monitor and assist in implementation and update of this plan;  Keep the concept of mitigation in the forefront of community decision making by identifying plan recommendations when other community goals, plans, and activities overlap, influence, or directly affect increased community vulnerability to disasters;  Report on plan progress and recommended changes to the Clayton County Emergency Management Agency Commission and the Clayton County Emergency Management Coordinator (EMA); and  Inform and solicit the public for input.

Plan Maintenance Schedule The county‐wide HMPC agrees to meet annually to monitor progress and update the mitigation strategy. The HMPC Team Lead is responsible for initiating these plan reviews. A five‐year written update of the plan will be submitted to the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division (HSEMD), FEMA Iowa and FEMA Region VII per Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i) of the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000 and adopted by the Participating Jurisdictions within a five‐year period from the final approval of this plan unless a disaster or other circumstances (e.g., changing regulations) require a change to this schedule.

225

Plan Maintenance Process Evaluation of progress can be achieved by monitoring changes in vulnerabilities identified in the plan. Changes in vulnerability can be identified by noting:  Decreased vulnerability as a result of implementing recommended actions  Increased vulnerability as a result of failed or ineffective mitigation actions  Increased vulnerability as a result of new development (and/or annexation)

Updates to this plan will:  Consider changes in vulnerability due to action implementation  Document success stories where mitigation efforts have proven effective  Document areas where mitigation actions were not effective  Document any new hazards that may arise or were previously overlooked  Incorporate new data or studies on hazards and risks  Incorporate new capabilities or changes in capabilities  Incorporate growth and development‐related changes to inventories  Incorporate new action recommendations or changes in action prioritization

In order to best evaluate any changes in vulnerability as a result of plan implementation, Clayton County will undergo the following process:

A representative from the responsible office identified in each mitigation action will be responsible for tracking and reporting to the jurisdictional lead annually on action status. The representative will also provide input on whether the action, as implemented, meets the defined objectives and is likely to be successful in reducing vulnerabilities.

If the action does not meet identified objectives, the jurisdictional lead will determine what additional measures may be implemented, and an assigned individual will be responsible for defining action scope, implementing the action, monitoring success of the action, and making any required modifications to the plan.

Changes will be made to the plan to accommodate actions that have failed or are not considered feasible after a review of their adherence to established criteria, time frames, community priorities, and/or funding resources. Actions that were not ranked high but were identified as potential mitigation activities will be reviewed during the monitoring and update of this plan to determine feasibility for future implementation. Updating of the plan will be enacted through written changes and submissions as the county‐wide HMPC, particularly the HMPC Team Lead, deems appropriate and necessary, and as approved by Clayton County Emergency Management Agency Commission.

226 Incorporation into Existing Planning Mechanisms

Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii): [The plan shall include a] process by which local governments incorporate the requirements of the hazard mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate.

Where possible, Clayton County has used and will continue to use existing plans and/or programs to implement hazard mitigation actions. Previous, current and future mitigation actions enhance Clayton County planning mechanisms, strengthening and broadening their scope and viability. Based on the mitigation capability assessments of Clayton County, the communities have used and will continue to plan and implement programs to reduce loss of life and property from hazards. Previous mitigation actions and their statuses throughout the plan note detailed ways that the jurisdictions have incorporated the mitigation plan and noted actions into their general and comprehensive plans as well as other tools. This plan builds upon the momentum developed through previous related planning efforts and mitigation programs, and recommends implementing actions, where possible, through the following means:  Clayton County Basic Emergency Operations Plan  General or master plans of Participating Jurisdictions  Comprehensive plans  Ordinances of Participating Jurisdictions  Capital improvement plans and budgets  Clayton County Multi‐Jurisdiction Multi‐Hazard Mitigation Plan updates  Other community plans either in existence or developed in the future  Other county/regional plans either in existence or developed in the future

Participating Jurisdictions adopting this plan will encourage other relevant planning mechanisms under their authority to consult this plan to ensure minimization of risk to natural hazards as well as maximum coordination of activities.

This multi‐hazard mitigation plan will be included in the next update of the Clayton County Basic Operations Plan, Part B. The local data collected will be included in the State of Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, where appropriate.

HMPC members involved in updating these existing planning mechanisms will be responsible for integrating the findings and actions of the hazard mitigation plan, as appropriate. The HMPC is also responsible for monitoring this integration and incorporating the appropriate information into the five‐year update of the multi‐hazard mitigation plan.

Continued Public Involvement

44 CFR Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii): [The plan maintenance process shall include a] discussion on how the community will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process.

The update process provides an opportunity to publicize success stories from the plan’s implementation and seek additional public comment. Information will be posted in a county‐ wide publication following the annual review of the hazard mitigation plan. Public meeting(s) to receive public comment on plan maintenance and updating will be held during the update period. When the HMPC reconvenes for the update, it will coordinate with all stakeholders participating in the planning process, including those who joined the HMPC after the initial effort, to update and revise the plan.

In conclusion, public notices will continue to be posted and public participation will continue to be sought and encouraged through available local media outlets as this planning document is reviewed and revised.

227 Appendix A Clayton County Resource Guide

Revised August 2015

Great American Main Street Whitewater Park Clayton County Resource Guide 2015

This guide is a valuable tool for those in the Clayton County community that are looking for services for someone in the area or in need of services for themselves. The resource guide lists all of the services provided in Clayton County and resources outside the county that residents may utilize. To keep this list up-to-date and useful to community members, please contact us with any additions or changes. Thank you and we hope this will be very useful to you!

Contact for additions or changes to the Resource Guide: Kari Harbaugh – Family Resource Center Tracy Yelden – Substance Abuse Services for Clayton Co. 563-252-3215 563-245-1546 [email protected] [email protected] 514 South River Park Drive Suite 7, 600 Gunder Road NE Guttenberg IA 52052 Elkader, IA 52043

Table of Contents

Domestic/Sexual/Child/Dependent Abuse ...... 3 Alcohol/Drug Abuse ...... 4 Child Care/Preschools ...... 5 Clothing, fuel, housing/shelter ...... 7 Counseling/Behavioral Health ...... 9 Dental Health ...... 12 Education ...... 13 Elected Officials ...... 15 Emergency Helplines ...... 17 Employment ...... 19 Enforcement/Legal Assistance ...... 20 Faith Community ...... 21 Financial Assistance ...... 24 Food and Nutrition ...... 25 Medical Health ...... 27 Leisure ...... 30 Special Needs ...... 31 Transportation ...... 33 Aging Services ...... 34

Domestic/Sexual/Child/Dependent Abuse Domestic/Sexual/Child/Dependent

Domestic/Sexual/Child/Dependent Abuse Name Description Phone Child/Dependent Adult Abuse Reporting, 24 hour hotline 888-583-1039 or Iowa Department of Human Services 800-362-2178 after

www.dhs.iowa.gov 4:30 PM Clayton County Community Partnership Family team meetings, 563-252-3215 for Safe Families/Prevent Child Abuse community awareness, 514 S. River Park Drive, PO Box 550 neighborhood networking, Guttenberg, IA 52052 family activities, and shelter info [email protected] Clayton County Dept. of Human Services FIP, title XIX and food stamps 800-632-0014 129A N. Vine Street, PO Box 476 West Union, IA 52175 563-422-5634

[email protected]

www.dhs.iowa.gov Decorah Dept. of Human Services FIP, title XIX and food stamps 563-382-2928 2307 US 52 S. PO Box 286 Decorah, IA 52101 800-611-7781

www.dhs.iowa.gov Domestic Abuse Resource Ctr. Emergency services available 800-383-2988 PO Box 524 24 hours Postville, IA 52162 Adolescent Pregnancy 563-864-7163

[email protected]

www.helpingservices.org Family Violence Center 24 hour hotline 800-942-0333 National Child Abuse Hotline Includes information, 800-422-4453 (24 hour hotline) counseling, and referrals for adult survivors of child abuse National Human Trafficking Hotline 24 hour hotline 888-3737-888 Prevent Child Abuse Iowa Provide collaborative leadership 1-800-CHILDREN that improves policies, programs, www.pcaiowa.org and community support for

Iowa's children, families, and well being Riverview Center Legal advocacy, Medical 563-380-3332 1111 South Paine St. advocacy, counseling, education 24hr: 888-557-0310 Decorah, IA 52101

Transitional & Emergency 1-800-410-7233 Cedar Valley Friends of the Family housing information 319-352-1108 123 21st St NE Suite 200 PO Box 784 Supportive Permeant Housing Fax: 319-483-1730 Waverly, IA 50677

Alcohol/Drug/Gambling Abuse Alcohol/Drug/Gambling

Alcohol/Drug Abuse Name Description Phone AA/Al-Anon / NA Support Group Contact SASCC for current year 563-245-1546 Substance Abuse Services for Clayton Co. meeting times and places 600 Gunder Rd Elkader, IA 52043 [email protected] or www.sas4cc.com Referrals 800-662-HELP Alcohol/Suicide/Drug Hotline (4357) Drug/Alcohol Treatment Information and referrals 800-252-6465 Northeast Iowa Behavioral Health Alcohol and drug related problems 563-382-3649 or 905 Montgomery St. service center, diagnostic, support, 800-400-8923 Decorah, IA 52101 and therapy. Satellite Offices in Elkader and Guttenberg Hospital 36 S. Frederick Ave. P.O. Box 113 Oelwein, IA 50662

www.neimhc.org SASC-Substance Abuse Services Center Addiction treatment programs for 563-582-3784 799 Main Street problem gambling & substance abuse. Individual, group & family Dubuque, IA 52001 counseling.

www.sasc-dbq.org 24 hour Crisis Line 888-771-6771 Substance Abuse Services for Clayton County Substance abuse prevention, 563-245-1546 Suite 7, 600 Gunder Rd alcohol and drug assessment, Elkader, IA 52043 education, referral, and FX: 563-245-1612 Support

www.sas4cc.com [email protected] Problem Gambling Crisis Line 24 hour crisis line for those affected by problem gambling 800-BETS-OFF Quit Line Support to quit smoking 1-800-784-8669

4 Child Care/Preschools

Child Care/Preschools Name Description Phone Berry Tender Child Care 563-933-2514 401 Commercial Street Child Care and Preschool Strawberry Point, IA 52076 Central Elkader Preschool 563-245-1472 400 First Street NW Elkader, IA 52043 www.central.k12.ia.us Child Care Resource & Referral of NE IA Child Care Referrals, Provider training, 319-233-0804 1111 Paine St. Suite H Consultation, Resources, & Advocacy (Regional Decorah, IA 52101 www.iowaccrr.org office) 563-382-4447 (Decorah office) Direct Child Care Referral

line: /Youth (855) 299- 0499 Clayton County Public Health Child Care Nurse Consultant 563-245-1145

Clayton Ridge School Preschool

131 South River Park Drive [email protected] 563-252-1747 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.claytonridge.k12.ia.us Dr. Clifford Smith Childcare Center www.smithandbulldog.com 563-873-2992 626 Main St. PO Box 361 Child Care and Preschool McGregor, IA 52157 [email protected] Elkader Childcare & Learning Center Child Care and Preschool 563-245-3333 117 Gunder Rd. [email protected] Elkader, IA 52043 www.elkaderchildcare.com Edgewood/Colesburg Preschool 563-856-2415 409 East Street www.edge-cole.k12.ia.us Colesburg, IA 52035 Garnavillo Community Day Care & Preschool 563-964-9333 205 West Watson Street www.garnavilloia.com/dirdaycare.htm Garnavillo, IA 52049 Family Resource Center 563-252-3215 Family's Helping Hands 514 South River Park Drive Guttenberg, IA 52052 [email protected] www.guttenberghospital.org Northeast Iowa Community Action Corp. Headstart Program 563-245-2452 Clayton County Office Building Suite 11, 600 Gunder Rd Elkader, IA 52043 www.neicac.org

Child Care/Preschools Cont. Child Name Description Phone HAWC Partnership for Children Provides wellness, education 563-382-4447 and intervention opp. for children and

1111 Paine St., Suite H their families Cont. Care/Preschools/Youth Hawkeye Plaza www.hawc-iowa.com Decorah, IA 52101 Kids Kampus Community Childcare 210 Main St., PO Box 368 Guttenberg, IA 52052 [email protected] 563-252-3934 Little Bulldog Childcare & Learning Center Childcare & Preschool 563-539-2032 700 South Page MFL Mar Mac Preschool at location also Monona, IA 52159 www.mflmarmac.k12.ia.us NEICAC Guttenberg Head Start 563-252-2419 131 South River Park Drive Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.neicac.org

[email protected] NEICAC Monona Head Start 563-539-2008 704 South Page St. www.neicac.org Monona, IA 52159

[email protected] Postville Child Care Infant through school age 563-864-7075 210 Ogden Street Postville, IA 52162 www.neicac.org Starmont Preschool 563-933-2238 3202 40th Street

Arlington, IA 50606 www.starmont.k12.ia.us St Mary's Preschool 563-252-1577 510 South 2nd, PO Box 100 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.maryicjoseph.org/ Parents as Teachers Birth to Three 563-419-0717 180 W. 15th St. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.parentsasteachers.org 1st Five Serving families with children under the 563-556-6200 1454 Iowa St. age of 5 and supporting healthy mental Dubuque, Iowa 52001 development www.idph.state.ia.us/1stfive/ Offers safe sitter classes to children 11- Family Resource Center 14 563-252-3215

514 South River Park Drive

Guttenberg, IA 52052 [email protected] www.guttenberghospital.org

Clothing, fuel, housing/shelter

Clothing, fuel, housing/shelter Name Description Phone Clayton Co. General Assist & Veterans Affairs Foods, referrals, clothing, and 563-245-1865 Suite 6, 600 Gunder Rd NE fuel assistance Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov Domestic Abuse Resource Ctr. Emergency services available 563-382-2989 or PO Box 372 24 hours 1-800-383-2988 Decorah, IA 52101 Transitional housing, counseling

[email protected] www.helpingservices.org Fair Housing/Equal Opportunity information and complaints 800-669-9777 Family Resource Center Resource, referral and 222 South River Park Drive, PO Box 550 Family.resource.center@Guttenber 563-252-3215 Guttenberg, IA 52052 ghospital.org First Call REC 24 hour services; assists 563-864-7611 or customers in staying home 888-788-1551 and being independent Garment and Goods Secondhand clothing, household 563-252-3287 420 S. Riverpark Drive goods, referrals available at the Guttenberg, Iowa 52052 Family Resource Center

103 Locust St. www.gandgliving.org/store 563-928-6229 Edgewood, IA 52042 Site in Elkader – opening 2015

Helping Services for Northeast Iowa, Inc. Advocacy Services 563-387-1720 PO Box 372

Decorah, IA 52101 www.helpingservices.org 800-383-2988 Northeast Iowa Community Action Corp. 563-245-2452 Clayton County Family Service Office Education, clothing & food Suite 11, 600 Gunder Rd referrals, and fuel assistance Elkader, IA 52043 www.neicac.org Shepherd of the Hills Clothing center, crisis fund for 563-783-2409 100 West Hill Street, PO Box 36 rental & utilities with referral, St. Olaf, IA 52072 Back to school supplies, Christmas [email protected] for kids Cedar Valley Friends of the Family Assists participants in 319-352-1108 or PO Box 784 securing permanent housing 800-410-7233 Waverly, IA 50677 and achieving self-sufficiency;

www.cvfriendsofthefamily.org Upper Explorerland Regional Housing Section 8 housing, rental units, 563-864-7551 134 West Greene St. PO Box 219 fair market rates, rental Postville, IA 52162 assistance

www.uerpc.org USDA Rural Development Housing loans, community 319-352-1715 or 1510 3rd Street SW and business programs, farm 515-284-4663(St.) Waverly, IA 50677 and home loans, apartment

www.rurdev.euda.gov/ia rental for seniors

St. Vincent DePaul Clothing, food, furniture, household 563-582-3733 4990 Radford CT. items, heat and rental assistance Dubuque, IA 52001 www.svdpusa.org

Counseling/Behavioral Health Counseling/Behavioral

Counseling/Behavioral Health Name Description Phone Alternative Treatment Associate 563-864-7122 PO Box 308 24 hrs. Staff available to resolve Postville, IA 52163 parent/child family marital difficulties so the family may remain together Cindy Olsen, MS, LMHC - Guttenberg Services: individual therapy, family 563-419-8374 905 Montgomery St. PO Box 309 therapy, life coaching, play therapy, Decorah, IA 52101 marital & relationship counseling 563-252-6020 Arc of Iowa Advocacy for people with 800-362-2927 3821 71st Street, Suite A disabilities, support groups, Urbandale, IA 50322 and program events 515-210-6686

[email protected] www.arceci.org/ Catholic Charities Counseling services 800-772-2758 307 West Main Street 563-382-9631 Decorah, IA 52101 www.arch.pvt.k12.ia.us/CathCharities/index.html Catholic Charities Counseling and post adoption 563-588-0558 1229 Mt. Loretta Ave services 800-772-2758 Dubuque, IA 52004-1309 www.catholiccharitiesdubuque.org Charge Card Counseling Services Free Credit Counseling 800-388-2227 Clayton Co. Central Point of Coordination Referral and payment 563-245-1865

Suite 6, 600 Gunder Rd NE authorization source for adults Elkader, IA 52043 with mental illness & other needs Clayton County Dept. of Human Services FIP, title XIX and food stamps 563-422-5634 or 129A North Vine Street, PO Box 476 800-632-0014 West Union, IA 52175

[email protected]

www.dhs.iowa.gov Crisis support Clayton County Extension Office www.claytoncountyia.gov/ 563-245-1451 120 South Main, PO Box 357 Elkader, IA 52043 [email protected] Community Circle of Care Team approach to supporting and 563-382-1277 or 308 College Drive serving children/youth <21 with 877-571-9797 Suite1, Pyramid Plaza serious emotional and behavioral Decorah, IA 52101 www.communitycircleofcare.org/ challenges & special needs Consumer Credit Counseling Credit counseling, bankruptcy 800-714-4388 1003 West 4th Street information Waterloo, IA 50702 [email protected] www.cccia.org Crisis Hotline (Cedar Rapids) 24 hour hotline 800-332-4224 Southard Harrison Therapy Association 563-382-2662 314 W Main St. Decorah, IA 52101

Counseling/Behavioral Health Cont. Counseling/Behavioral

Name Description Phone

Domestic & Sexual Abuse Resource Ctr. Emergency services available 563-382-2989 or

PO Box 372 24 hours 800-383-2988 Decorah, IA 52101 563-864-7163

[email protected] www.helpingservices.org Gambler's Anonymous 24 hour hotline 800-BETS-OFF Families First 319-505-3710 911 S Mill St. Connect Families with Resources Decorah, IA 52101 www.familiesfirst.net Lutheran Services of Iowa (LSI) M-F 8am-5:15pm by appointment 563-582-0044 2255 John F. Kennedy Rd. Provides counseling, education, Dubuque, IA 52002 offerings, resource center, & family centered services skills dev. And 124 East Fayette St. intensive crisis counseling services Manchester, IA 52057 www.LSIowa.org 563-927-3281 Gambler’s Treatment Program 563-583-1216 799 Main St. [email protected] Dubuque, IA 52001 www.treatmentfirst.org Great Rivers 211 Extensive resource and referral 211 or Cont. Health PO Box 426 database for residents of IA, WI, 800-362-8255 Onalaska, WI 54650 and MN [email protected] www.greatrivers211.org Hillcrest Family Services Clinic Provides counseling, adoption, and 563-583-7357 2005 Asbury Rd. special program services on a Dubuque, IA 52001 sliding fee scale 877-437-6333 www.hillcrest-fs.org Iowa Concerns Hotline Stress counselors available 800-447-1985

National AIDS Hotline 800-232-4636

National Runaway Safeline 800-786-2929

www.1800runaway.org Northeast Iowa Behavioral Health Education, support, and meetings 563-382-3649 905 Montgomery St. Satellite offices in Guttenberg and 319-283-5774 Decorah, IA 52101 Elkader 800-400-8923 Salvation Army Senior Center activities and 563-556-1573 1099 Iowa St. emergency food pantry Dubuque, IA 52001 www.salvationarmyusa.org Teen Line Information, counsel, referral 800-443-8336 Mercy Medical Center Inpatient psych unit 563-589-8000 250 Mercy Dr. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.mercydubuque.com 10

Mental Health Institute: Independence Residential Mental Health Service 319-334-2583 Cont. Health Counseling/Behavioral 2277 Iowa Ave. Independence, IA 50644 Life Connections Provides behavioral health 563-252-3215 514 S RIverpark Dr. counseling and therapy for children 563-542-9349 Guttenberg, IA 52052 ages 3-19 www.lifeconnection4u.net Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Referral information 800-662-4357 1 Choke Cherry Rd. Rockville, MD 20857 www.samhsa.gov Veterans Affairs 800-637-0128 600 Gunder Rd. NE Elkader, IA 52043 www.va.gov/ Lighthouse Counseling 563-382-1900 1111 Paine St. Decorah, IA 52101 Youth Emergency Services & Shelter of Iowa Emergency shelter, respite, and 515-282-9377 918 SE 11th St. counseling for children 17 and Des Moines, IA 50309 under www.yessiowa.org Regional Family Health Behavioral services 563-933-6277 111 E. Mission St. Strawberry Point, IA 52076 www.regmedctr.org/ NEICAC Health Services Title X- Family Planning Program 563-387-4931 305 Montgomery Decorah, Iowa 52101

Dental Health

Dental Health Name Description Phone Donald G. Barron and John Barron Ages 4 yrs. & up 563-252-2150 511 North Bluff Street, PO Box 584 Accepts T19 if reside in Guttenberg Guttenberg, IA 52052 Family Dentistry Ass. Of Monona Serves all ages 563-539-4651 Linda Castens and Mark Fohey Does accept T19 101 Franklin St. Monona, IA 52157

Kevin Imoehl Ages 3 yrs. & up, accepts T19 if 563-933-4200 106 East Mission reside in Strawberry Point or Strawberry Point, IA 52076 Oelwein James Osterhaus Serves all ages 563-252-1932 402 South River Park Drive Does accept T19 Guttenberg, IA 52052 N. Joseph Stender Ages 3 yrs. & up, does not accept 563-245-1356 118 South Main Street PO Box 25 title XIX Elkader, IA 52043 Fred Cheung Pediatric dentist 563-556-6383 1645 JFK Rd. Does accept T19 Dubuque, IA 52002 James Walgren Serves all ages 563-556-2650 1122 Rockdale Rd. Does accept T19 Dubuque, IA 52003 Valerie Peckosh Pediatric dentist 563-582-1478 3455 Stoneman Rd. Does accept T19 Dubuque, IA 52002 James Arvidson Serves 4 and up 563-873-3780 228 Main St Does accept T19 McGregor, IA 52157 William Souto Serves all ages 563-690-2852 1789 Elm St. Does accept T19 Dubuque, IA 52001 Crescent Community Health Care William Stoffel Serves all ages 563-583-3521 2095 JFK Rd. Dubuque, IA 52002 Joseph Zaccaro & Maggie Kramer Serves all ages 563-583-2382 895 Main St. Dubuque, IA 52001 Great River Oral Surgery Serves all ages 563-557-1440 100 Bryant St. Does accept T19 Dubuque, IA 52003 University of Iowa School of Dentistry Serves all ages 319-335-7447 801 Newton Rd. Does accept T19 Iowa City, IA 52242

Education

Education Name Description Phone Central Comm. School-Elementary Public School: K-6th grade 563-245-1472 400 1st Street NW PO Box 70 Elkader, IA 52043

www.central.k12.ia.us

Central Comm. School-Jr. & Sr. High Public School: 7th-12th grade 563-245-1751 400 1st Street NW PO Box 70 Elkader, IA 52043

www.central.k12.ia.us Clayton County Alternative High School 563-245-3777 24542 Highway 13 Elkader, IA 52043 Clayton County Extension Service 563-245-1451 120 S. Main Street, PO Box 357 Elkader, IA 52043

[email protected] www.extension.iastate.edu/clayton Clayton Ridge Comm. School - Elementary 563-252-1747 131 South River Park Drive PO Box 520 www.claytonridge.k12.ia.us Guttenberg, Iowa 52052-0520 Clayton Ridge Comm. - Middle School 563-964-2321 502 West Watson PO Box 9 www.claytonridge.k12.ia.us Garnavillo, IA 52049 Clayton Ridge Comm. School - High School 563-252-2341 131 South River Park Drive PO Box 520 www.claytonridge.k12.ia.us Guttenberg, Iowa 52052-0520 Ed-Co Comm. School - Elementary 563-856-2415 409 East Street www.edge-cole.k12.ia.us Colesburg, IA 52035 Ed-Co Comm. Jr High-Senior 563-928-6412 403 West Union Street www.edge-cole.k12.ia.us Edgewood, IA 52042 Keystone AEA 563-245-1480 or The mission of Keystone AEA is to 1400 2nd Street NW provide leadership for school 800-632-5918 Elkader, IA 52043 improvement and student learning

www.aea1.k12.ia.us and living MFL Mar Mac Elementary School Public School: pre K - 3rd grade 563-539-2032 700 South Page Street Monona, IA 52157

www.mflmarmac.k12.ia.us MFL Mar Mac Middle School Public School: 4th - 8th grade 563-873-2250 918 W. Main Street McGregor, IA 52157

www.mflmarmac.k12.ia.us

Education Cont. Education Cont. Education Education Cont. Name Description Phone MFL Mar Mac High School Public School 563-539-2031 700 South Page Street PreK-3rd Monona, IA 52157 9th-12th

www.mflmarmac.k12.ia.us NEICAC - Early Head Start A home visiting program for 563-539-2502 107 W. Center Street, PO Box 417 pregnant women, infants & Monona, IA 52157 toddlers St. Mary's Catholic School Non-public school: K-8th grade 563-252-1577 510 South 2nd Street, PO Box 100 Guttenberg, IA 52052

web.mac.com/st.marysguttenberg/site/Welco

me.html Starmont Community Elementary School Public School: pre K - 5th grade 563-933-2238 3202 40th Street Arlington, IA 50606

www.starmont.k12.ia.us Starmont Community Middle School Public School: 6th-8th grade 563-933-2218 3202 40th Street Arlington, IA 50606

www.starmont.k12.ia.us Starmont Community High School Public School: 9th - 12th grade 563-933-2218 3202 40th Street Arlington, IA 50606

www.starmont.k12.ia.us NICC Calmar Community College 1-800-728-2256 1625 IA-150 Adult Literacy Program, GED Calmar, IA 52132 NICC Peosta Community College 1-800-728-7367 8342 NICC Dr. Adult Literacy Program, GED Peosta, IA 52068 Preschools & Headstart Centers (see childcare/preschool)

Elected Officials/City Hall Elected Officials/City

Elected Officials Name Description Phone Board of Supervisors 563-245-2166 600 Gunder Rd NE Elkader IA 52076 Fax: 563-245-2697 City of Clayton 109 N Front Street Clayton , IA 52049

City of Edgewood 563-928-6842 P.O. Box 397 www.edgewoodiowa.com Edgewood, Iowa 52042

Elkader City Hall 563-245-2098 207 Great American Main Street www.elkader-iowa.com Elkader , IA 52043 City of Elkport 453 Linn Street Elkport IA 52044 City of Farmersburg PO Box 96 Farmersburg , IA 52047 City of Garber 563-255-1002 PO Box 117 www.garberiowa.com/ Garber, IA 52048 City of Garnavillo 563-964-2331 106 E Chestnut Street www.garnavilloia.com/ Garnavillo, IA 52049 City of Guttenberg 563-252-1161 502 S First St. www.cityofguttenberg.com/ Guttenberg IA 52052 City of Luana PO Box 96 Luana IA52156-0096 Marquette City Hall 563-873-3735 102 North Street www.cityofmarquetteiowa.com Marquette, Iowa 52158 McGregor City Hall 563-873-3795 416 Main Street www.cityofmcgregoriowa.com McGregor, IA 52157

Monona City Hall 563-539-2355 104 E Center Street www.mononaiowa.com/ Monona, IA 52159 15

City of Osterdock Cont. Hall Elected Officials/City 3181 Lynx Ave Osterdock, IA 52035 City of Postville 563-864-7454 147 North Lawler Street www.cityofpostville.com Postville, IA 52162 City of North Buena Vista 303 Tuff Street Holy Cross, IA 52053 City of St. Olaf PO Box 51 St. Olaf, IA 52072 City of Strawberry Point 563-933-4482 111Commercial Street, PO Box 279 www.strawberrypt.com/ Strawberry Point, IA 52076 City of Volga City 505 Washington Street www.volgacityiowa.com/ Volga, IA 52077

Emergency Helplines Emergency

Emergency Helplines Name Description Phone Alcohol/Suicide/Drug Hotline 800-662-4357 All County Emergency Fire, police, ambulance 911 American Red Cross, Tri-State Unit 563-588-0587 2400 Asbury Road Dubuque, IA 52001

www.arcdbq.org Clayton County Emergency Management 563-245-3004 600 Gunder Rd www.claytoncountyia.gov Elkader, IA 52043 Clayton County Sheriff 563-245-2422 or 22680 230th Street www.claytoncountyiowasheriff.com 911 St. Olaf, IA 52072

Elkader Police Department 563-245-3110 207 South Main Street Elkader, IA 52043 Strawberry Point Police Department 563-933-2210 111 Commercial Street Strawberry Point, IA 52076 Guttenberg Police Department 563-252-3333 502 S First St. Guttenberg IA 52052 Mar Mac Police Department 563-873-2500 319 Pleasant Drive Marquette, IA 52158 Monona Police Department 563-539-4400 104 East Center Monona, IA 52159 Guttenberg Municipal Hospital 563-252-1121 200 Main Street, PO Box 550 www.guttenberghospital.org Guttenberg, IA 52052 Iowa Statewide Poison Control Center Poison Assistance 800-222-1222

www.iowapoison.org Youth Emergency and Shelter of Iowa 515-282-9377 918 SE 11th www.yessiowa.org Des Moines, IA 50309 Central Community Hospital 563-245-7000 17

www.centralcommunityhospital.com 901 Davidson Street / Elkader IA 52043 Disaster Distress Hotline 1-800-985-5990 Iowa Concern Hotline Through Iowa State University 1-800-447-1985 National Center for Missing and Exploited 1-800-843-5678 Children National Runaway Safeline 1-800-786-2929 Veteran’s Crisis Line 1-800-273-8255

Employment

Employment Name Description Phone Iowa Vocational Rehabilitation 563-880-1350 600 Gunder Rd. NE Suite 9 Elkader, IA 52043

www.ivrs.iowa.gov Proteus Assist Migrant and Seasonal Farm 800-372-6031 3850 Merle Hay Road, Ste. 500 workers

Des Moines, IA 50310 319-248-0178

www.proteusinc.net Region 1 Employment and Training Promise Jobs, Workforce 563-387-7493 Box 219 Investment Act Postville, IA 52162

www.uerpc.org R.I.S.E. Ltd. Employment and Services for 563-245-1868 106 Rainbow Drive developmentally disabled Elkader, IA 52043 G & G Living Employment and Services for 563-252-3811 602 Kosciusko Street developmentally disabled Guttenberg IA 52052 www.gandgliving.org/ Workforce Investment & Opportunity Act (WIOA) - IowaWORKS www.iowaworkforce.org 1-866-520-8986 312 Winnebago Street Jobs & employment 563-382-0457 Decorah IA Unemployment Claims 877-891-5344 Experience Works Age 55 and older 4444 First Ave. NE Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 www.experienceworks.org 800-782-7519 Unlimited Services Inc. 563-252-1062 1418 S. Hwy 52 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.unlimitedservices-inc.com 563-927-8043 Manpower www.manpower.com 563-382-2119 Job Corps 15229 Truman St. Ottumwa 52501 www.jobcorps.gov 563-232-8240

Enforcement/Legal Assistance Enforcement/Legal

Enforcement/Legal Assistance Name Description Phone All County Emergency 911 563-245-2422 or Clayton County Sheriff 911 22680 230th Street www.claytoncountyiowasheriff.com St. Olaf, IA 52072 Strawberry Point Police Department 563-933-2210 111 Commercial Street Strawberry Point, IA 52076 Guttenberg Police Department 563-252-3333 502 S First St. Guttenberg IA 52052 Mar Mac Police Department 563-873-2500 319 Pleasant Drive Marquette, IA 52158 Monona Police Department 563-539-4400 104 East Center Monona, IA 52159 Elkader Police Department 563-245-3110 207 Main Street Elkader, IA 52043 Iowa Legal Aid NE 800-942-4619 799 Main Street, Ste. 280 Must meet income guidelines Dubuque, IA 52001 www.iowalegalaid.org 563-588-4653

Iowa Rural Concern Hotline Stress counselors available 800-447-1985 Youth Law Hotline 800-728-1172 300 Walnut Street, Suite 295 www.youthlawcenter.org Des Moines, IA 50309 Protection & Advocacy: Iowa Civil Rights Disability rights 800-779-2502

Iowa Legal Aid 800-532-1275 Legal Hotline Older Iowans 800-992-8161 Statewide Lawyer Referral Service 800-532-1108

Faith Community

Faith Community Name Description Phone Bethany Lutheran 307 3rd Street NE 563-245-1856 Elkader, IA 52043

[email protected]

www.alpinecom.net/~bethanychurch/ Calvary Bible Church 563-767-2959 413 Washington Street Volga, IA 52077 First Congregational Church 563-245-1226 200 Chestnut Street SE Elkader, IA 52043 First Lutheran Church 563-873-2471 31743 175th Street McGregor, IA 52157

www.elca.org Garden City United Methodist Church 563-539-2988 702 S. Main Street www.umc.org Monona, IA 52157 Grace Evangelical Free Church 563-245-1779 280 Reimer Road SW http://elkaderefree.net/index.php Elkader, IA 52043 Highland Lutheran Church 563-245-1124 13724 2225th Street Elkader, IA 52043 Jehovah's Witnesses 563-245-1038 or Hwy 13 563-933-2414 Elkader, IA 52043 www.watchtower.org Living Waters Bible Fellowship 563-252-3677 119 Hwy 52 S. PO Box 282 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.livingwaterbible.com St. John’s Lutheran Church 563-539-2321 307 Church Street Luana, IA 52156 St. John’s Lutheran Church 563-536-2800 208 E. Washington Farmersburg, IA 52047

Faith Community Cont. Faith Community Faith Community Cont. Name Description Phone Norway Lutheran Church 563-783-7714 18829 200th Street www.stolafchurch.org St. Olaf, IA 52072 Peace United Church of Christ 563-245-2126 301 N. Main Street Elkader, IA 52043 www.peacechurchelkader.org St. John's Congregational Church 563-245-2636 701 Zapf Street Garber, IA 52048 St. John's Lutheran Church ELCA 563-252-2355 203 Pearl Street Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.stjohnsguttenberg.com St. Joseph's Church 563-252-1247

206 W. Oak Street www.maryicjoseph.org Garnavillo, IA 52049

St. Mary's Church 563-252-1247 518 S. 2nd Street www.maryicjoseph.org Guttenberg, IA 52052 St. Patrick's Catholic Church 563-539-4442 405 S. East Street www.trinitycluster.com Monona, IA 52157 St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran LC-MS 563-873-3341 630 Main Street www.listentojesus.info McGregor, IA 52157 St. Paul's Lutheran 563-964-2468 104 S. Adam Street Garnavillo, IA 52049 St. Paul Lutheran ELCA 563-252-2494 214 N. 1st Street Guttenberg, IA 52052 St. Paul Lutheran Church ELCA 563-539-2230 401 S. Egbert, PO Box 1968 Like us on Facebook! Monona, IA 52157 St. Peter Lutheran Church 563-964-2459 301 N. Adams Street www.stpetergarnavillo.com/ Garnavillo, IA 52049 Trinity Lutheran Missouri Synod 563-252-1476 106 S. River Park Drive Guttenberg, IA 52052

Faith Community Cont. Cont. Faith Community Faith Community Cont. Name Description Phone United Methodist Church 563-252-2153 200 S. 1st Street Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.umc.org Zion Lutheran Church 563-245-2437 24221 Hwy 128 Elkader, IA 52043 St. Sebald Lutheran Church 563-633-3885 P.O Box 88 12998 338th St. Strawberry Point, Iowa 52076 First Congregational Church 563-873-3794 429 Main www.fccmcgregor.org McGregor IA 52157 St. Joseph’s Catholic Church 563-245-2548 330 1st SW www.stjosephelkader.com/

Elkader IA 52043 Stephen’s Ministry Christ Caring for People through 563-252-2355 People St Mary’s Catholic Church 563-933-6166 314 West Mission St Strawberry Point, IA 52076

United Methodist Church 563-933-4746 202 West Mission Street Strawberry Point, Iowa 52057 St. Paul Lutheran Church 563-933-6127 700 Washington St, Volga, IA 52077

Hope Lutheran Church 563-245-3430 32513 Dinan Road Elkader, IA 52043

Financial Assistance

Financial Assistance Name Description Phone Clayton County Dept. of Human Services FIP, title XIX and food stamps 563-422-5634 or 129A North Vine Street, PO Box 476 800-632-0014 West Union, IA 52175

[email protected] Fx: 563-422-6536

www.dhs.iowa.gov Clayton County Extension Office Information and counsel 563-245-1451

120 S. Main Street, PO Box 357 [email protected] Elkader, IA 52043 www.extension.iastate.edu/clayton Northeast Iowa Community Action Corp. 563-245-2452 600 Gunder Rd. Suite 11 www.neicac.org Elkader, IA 52043 NE IA Small Business Development Ctr. Entrepreneurial training and 563-588-3350 or 900 Jackson St. Suite 110 assistance Dubuque, IA 52001 www.iowasbdc.org Small Business Help Line 800-532-1216 Social Security Administration 800-772-1213 317 Washington Street, Suite 1 Decorah, IA 52101 www.ssa.gov Clayton County General Assistance Limited financial assistance for 563-245-1865 Suite 6, 600 Gunder Rd NE specific needs Elkader, IA 52043 Must meet income guidelines USDA Rural Development Community and business 319-352-1715 1510 3rd Street SW programs, and home loans Waverly, IA 50677 www.rurdev.usda.gov/ia 866-255-6573 Charge Card Counseling Services Free Service 800-388-2227 Consumer Credit Counseling Credit counseling, bankruptcy 800-714-4388 1003 West 4th Street information Waterloo, IA 50702 [email protected] www.cccia.org Medicaid www.dhs.iowa.gov 877-347-5678 The Marketplace www.healthcare.gov 800-318-2596 Planned Parenthood Navigator Karen Wielert 319-535-2679 Child Support Recovery Unit 563-557-7113 Workforce Investment & Opportunity Act (WIOA) – IowaWORKS 1-866-520-8986 312 Winnebago Street Jobs & employment Decorah IA www.iowaworkforce.org 563-382-0457

Food and Nutrition Food and

Food and Nutrition Name Description Phone Clayton County Dept. of Human Services FIP, title XIX and food stamps 563-422-5634 or 129A North Vine Street, PO Box 476 800-632-0014 West Union, IA 52175

[email protected] Fx: 563-422-5636

www.dhs.iowa.gov Clayton County Extension Office Information and counsel 563-245-1451 120 S. Main Street, PO Box 357 Elkader, IA 52043

[email protected]

www.extension.iastate.edu/clayton Clayton County General Assistance & Foods, referrals, clothing, and 563-245-1865

Veterans' Affairs fuel assistance Suite 6, 600 Gunder Rd NE Elkader, IA 52043

[email protected] La Leche League Breast feeding hotline 800-525-3243

www.llli.org NE IA Community Action Corporation 563-245-2452 Clayton County Family Service Office Suite 11, 600 Gunder Rd Elkader, IA 52043

www.neicac.org SHARE Contact person: Carol Smith 563-252-1661 or 106 S. Riverpark Dr. 800-344-1107 for Guttenberg, IA 52052 central office

www.shareiowa.com Trinity Lutheran Church Visiting Nurse Association Nutrition Education 563-245-1145 Suite 5, 600 Gunder Rd WIC education and special foods Elkader, IA 52043 Supplemental Nutritional Foods 888-836-7867 Clayton County Food Shelf M-F: 9-12, 1-4 pm 563-783-7794 100 W. Hill Street, PO Box 48 Food provided in emergencies St. Olaf, IA 52072 Visits permitted: 4x per year

[email protected] referral f/soc. Services org Northeast Iowa Area Agency on Aging 563-382-2941 806 River St. Decorah, IA 52101 www.nei3a.org DHS Food Program 800-632-0014 100 Sandpit Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 Family Resource Center Can make referrals to Shepherd of 563-252-3215 514 Riverpark Dr. the Hills Guttenberg, IA 52052

Food and Nutrition Foodand Guttenberg Meals on Wheels Contact person: Vi 563-252-1182 Good Samaritan 563-568-3447 400 Hardin Dr. Postville, IA 52162 www.good-sam.com/ Mom’s Meals 877-508-6667 3210 SE Corporate Woods Dr. Ankeny, IA 50021 www.my.momsmeals.com St Mary’s Catholic Church 563-933-6166 314 West Mission St Strawberry Point, IA 52076 WIC 563-880-0941 220 W. 7th St. 888-836-7867

Dubuque, IA 52001 563-245-1145

https://www.idph.state.ia.us/wic/ Cont. Elkader Senior Dining Center 563-245-1846 133 S. Main St. Elkader, IA 52043 Northeast Iowa Area Agency on Aging 563-382-2941 or 808 River Street 866-468-7887 Decorah, IA 52101

Medical Health

Medical Health Name Description Phone American Cancer Society 563-583-8249 2774 University Ave www.cancer.org 888-381-6839 Dubuque IA 52001 Arthritis Information 800-283-7800 Ask-A-Nurse 800-593-1414 Cancer Information Service www.cancer.org 800-4-CANCER Central Community Hospital 563-245-7000 901 Davidson Street NW

Elkader, IA 52043

www.centralcommunityhospital.com Northeast Iowa Community Action Corp. Clayton County Family Service Office 563-245-2452 Suite 11, 600 Gunder Rd NE Elkader, IA 52043

www.neicac.org Clayton County Visiting Nurses Association 563-245-1145 600 Gunder Rd Elkader, IA 52043 888-836-7867 Cystic Fibrosis Foundation 800-344-4823 Regional Family Health Scott Christiansen, MD 563-928-7191 702 W. Union Street Jill Buschmann, ARNP Edgewood, IA 52042 Charlene Sauer, ARN Epilepsy Foundation of America 800-332-1000

www.epliepsyfoundation.org Corner Stone Family Practice Jeffrey Hoffman, D.O. 563-928-6435 101 S. Washington Street Nathan Shaw, M.D. Edgewood, IA 52042 Michele Sadler, D.O. www.guttenbergcfp.com Andrew C. Smith, M.D. Corner Stone Family Practice Jeffrey Hoffman, D.O. 563-964-2608 104 S. Main Street Nathan Shaw, M.D. Garnavillo, IA 52049 Michele Sadler, D.O. www.guttenbergcfp.com Andrew C. Smith, M.D. Corner Stone Family Practice Jeffrey Hoffman, D.O. 563-252-2141 200 Main Street Nathan Shaw, M.D. Guttenberg, IA 52052 Michele Sadler, D.O. www.guttenbergcfp.com Andrew C. Smith, M.D. Guttenberg Municipal Hospital Clinics, exercise classes 563-252-1121 200 Main Street, PO Box 550

Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.guttenberghospital.org

Medical Health Cont. Cont. Medical Health Medical Health Cont. Name Description Phone HAWK-I Free low cost healthcare for 800-257-8563

www.hawk-i.org children Healthy Families Hotline Information and referrals 800-369-2229 Keystone AEA Evaluations, speech, 563-245-1480 or 1400 2nd Street NW recommendations, delays, 800-632-5918 Elkader, IA 52043 behavior disorder, disabilities

www.aea1.k12.ia.us Maternal Child Health Clinic (WIC) Preventative medicine, clinic, 563-245-1145 600 Gunder Road prenatal care for women and Elkader, IA 52043 children Medical Associates Clinic David P. Tinker, D.O. 563-245-1717 or 911 Carter Street NW Kenneth E. Zichal, M.D. 800-648-6868 Elkader, IA 52043 Donna Lawlor, M.D. Barbara Berns, ARNP

www.mahealthcare/elkader/htm Stacey Embretson, ARNP

Medical Associates David P. Tinker, D.O. 563-539-4631 107 S. Page Street Kenneth E. Zichal, M.D. Monona, IA 52157 Donna Lawlor, M.D. Barbara Berns, ARNP

www.mahealthcare/elkader/htm Stacey Embretson, ARNP Northeast Iowa Behavioral Health Counseling, support groups, 563-382-3649 905 Montgomery Street evaluations, consultations Decorah, IA 52101 Satellite Offices: Elkader &

www.neimhc.org Guttenberg 800-400-8923 Regional Medical Center 563-927-3232 709 West Main Street Manchester IA 52057 www.regmedctr.org Iowa Care Insurance Iowa Medicaid 1-800-338-8366 Department of Human Services Alzhiemer’s Association 1-800-272-3900 American Red Cross 563-583-6451 2400 Asbury Rd. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.redcross.org/ Salvation Army 563-556-1573 1099 Iowa St. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.salvationarmyusa.org/ American Diabetes Association www.diabetes.org/ 515-276-2237 American Lung Association www.lung.org 1-800-LUNG-USA Arthritis Foundation www.arthritis.org 515-278-0636 Autism Society of Iowa www.autismia.com/ 515-327-4075 Diabetes Center www.diabetes.org/ 563-589-4899 Iowa Commission for the Blind www.blind.state.ia.us/ 800-362-2587 First Call for Help 24hr Resource & Referral 800-362-8255

DHS Medical Cards 800-632-0014 Cont. Health Medical Guttenberg Care Center Home Care 1315 Acre St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.abcmcorp.com 563-599-9956 Everlasting Home Care www.everlastinghhc.com 563-928-6202 March of Dimes www.marchofdimes.org 319-247-5643 United Cerebral Palsy Association www.ucp.org 800-872-5827 Arthritis Support Group 515-278-0636 Grief Support Group 514 Riverpark Dr. Guttenberg, IA 52052 Family Resource Center 563-252-1121 Ostomy Association Mercy Dubuque 563-589-9600 Phillips Lifeline www.lifelinesys.com 319-272-2190 Northeast Iowa Area Agency on Aging 563-382-2941 133 SE Main St. Elkader, IA 52043 www.nei3a.org Prescription Assistance 888-477-2669

Relay Iowa www.relayia.org 800-735-2943 SHIIP Insurance Information 800-351-4664 St. John’s Parish Nurse 563-252-2355 VA www.va.gov 1-800-637-0128 Alzheimer Support 1-800-272-3900 Teen Line www.teenlineonline.org 1-800-443-8336 Northeast Iowa Community Action Family Planning services 563-387-4931 305 Montgomery Rd. Decorah, IA 52101 www.neicac.org

Leisure

Leisure Name Description Phone Boy Scouts Northeast Iowa Council Getting more info 563-556-4343 Dellaykee District

10601 Military Rd PO Box 732 www.scoutsiowa.org Dubuque, IA 52004 Elkader Public Library 563-245-1446 130 N. Main Street PO Box 310 Elkader, IA 52043 www.elkader.lib.ia.us Girl Scouts 800-798-0833 2644 Pennsylvania Ave. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.girlscoutstoday.org Guttenberg Library 563-252-3108 603 S. 2nd Street Guttenberg, IA 52052

www.guttenberg.lib.ia.us Garnavillo Library 563-964-2119 122 Main Street www.garnavillo.lib.ia.us Garnavillo, IA 52049 Strawberry Point Library 563-933-4340 401 Commercial Street, PO Box 340 [email protected]

Strawberry Point, IA 52076 www.strawberrypoint.lib.ia.us Murphy Helwig Library 563-539-2356 111 North Page Street Monona, IA 52159 www.monona.lib.ia.us Edgewood Library 563-928-6242 203 West Union Street Edgewood, IA 52042 www.edgewood.lib.ia.us McGregor Library 563-873-3318 334 Main Street McGregor, IA 52158 www.mcgregor.lib.ia.u Farmersburg Library 563-536-2229 208 South Main Street Farmersburg, IA 52047 www.farmersburg.lib.ia.us Volga Library 563-767-3511 505 Washington Street Volga, IA 52077 www.volga.lib.ia.us

Special Needs

Special Needs Name Description Phone Child Heath Specialty Clinic - CHSC Serve children/youth birth 563-382-1277 or 308 College Drive, Suite 1 through 21 years old, who live in 877-571-9797 Decorah, IA 52101 Iowa, with special needs,

www.uihealthcare.com/chsc chronic conditions Targeted Case Management DHS 563-245-1333 600 Gunder Road Elkader, IA 52043

Clayton County Disability Coordinator 563-245-1865 600 Gunder Rd NE, Suite 6 Elkader, IA 52043 G&G Living Center, Inc. 563-252-3811 602 Kosciusko Street PO Box 967 Guttenberg, IA 52052

[email protected]

www.gandgliving.org Iowa COMPASS Statewide information for 800-779-2001 Center for Disabilities & Development Disabled 100 Hawkins Drive #S295 Answer questions Iowa City, IA 52242

www.iowacompass.org Iowa Department of the Blind 515-281-1333 or

524 Fourth Street [email protected] 800-362-2587

Des Moines, IA 50309 www.blind.state.ia.us Workforce Investment & Opportunity Act (WIOA) - IowaWORKS www.iowaworkforce.org 1-866-520-8986 312 Winnebago Street Jobs & employment 563-382-0457 Decorah IA Decorah, IA 52101 877-806-0623

www.decorah.lib.ia.us/rsvp Opportunities Home, Inc. 563-382-8140

606 Iowa Avenue, PO Box 166 [email protected]

Decorah, IA 52101 www.opportunityhomes.org Family Resource Center 222 South River Park Drive, PO Box 550 Limited free child care to relieve 563-252-3215 Guttenberg, IA 52052 stress

Special Needs Cont. Cont. Special Needs Special Needs Cont. Name Description Phone 800-735-2943, Relay Iowa TTY phone service voice 1305 E. Walnut Street 800-735-2942, TTY Des Moines, IA 50309 www.relayia.org RISE Development Center Vocational rehab and support 563-245-1868 106 Rainbow Drive Elkader, IA 52043 Scenic Acres 563-245-2640 23105 Granite Avenue Residential care facility St. Olaf, IA 52072 Unlimited Services, Inc. 563-252-1062 1418 South Hwy 52 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.unlimitedservices/inc.com Vocational Rehabilitation Assistance to disabled 563-588-4697

2600 Dodge St. Suite NW 2 Dubuque, IA 52001

www.ivrs.iowa.gov/index.html Keystone AEA 563-245-1480 1400 2nd St. NW Elkader, IA 52043 www.aea1.k12.ia.us Center for Disabilities & Development University of Iowa 877-686-0031 200 Hawkins Dr. 319-353-6900 Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Disability Resource Library Lends books and machines 800-272-7713 200 Hawkins Dr. University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 52242 LifeLong Links Providing resource options for 866-468-7887 808 River Street disabled individuals age 18+. Decoarh, IA

Transportation

Transportation Name Description Phone Auto Safety Hotline Information and complaints 800-424-9393 Northeast Iowa Regional Transit System (EARL) NEICAC Transit provides in-town 563-382-4259 or 305 Montgomery Street, PO Box 487 trips to various locations for 866-382-4259 Decorah, IA 52101 anyone of any age in need of

www.neicac.org/transport.html transportation

Aging Services Aging

Aging Services Financial Assistance Northeast Iowa Community Action 563-245-2452 305 Montgomery St. Decorah, IA 52101 www.neicac.org Department of Human Services 563-422-5634 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.dhs.iowa.gov Clayton County General Relief 563-245-1865 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov

Social Security 800-772-1213 1635 Associates Dr. 101 Dubuque, IA 52001 www.ssa.gov USDA Rural Development 319-352-1715 210 Walnut St. Des Moines, IA 50309 www.rd.usda.gov/iowa Veterans Affairs 563-245-1865 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov Home Care Aide: bathing and personal cares Clayton County VNA 563-245-1145 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov Home Instead Senior Care 563-875-6059 1213 12th Ave. Suite 105 Dyersville, IA 52040 www.homeinstead.com Palmer Home Health 800-335-0711 955 N. Frederick Ave. Oelwein, IA 50662 www.palmermedical.com Crossing Rivers Home Care 608-357-2000 37868 US 18 Prairie DuChien, WI 53821 www.crossingrivers.org Regional Medical Home Care 563-927-7303 709 W. Main St. Manchester, IA 52057 www.regmedctr.org ABCM Healthy Living Home Care 563-599-9956 1315 Acre St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.abcmcorp.com Everlasting Home Care 563-928-6202 PO Box 852 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.everlastinghhc.com Delaware County Community Health 563-927-7303 709 W. Main St. Manchester, IA 52057 Homeward Bound 608-326-6883 940 S Marquette Rd. Prairie DuChien, WI 53821 www.hwbcare.com

Veterans Memorial Hospital Home Care 563-568-5660 40 1st St. SE Waukon, IA 52172 www.veteransmemorialhospital.com Homecare Helping Hands 800-632-0056 715 E. Charles St. Oelwein, IA 50662 Homemaker: light housekeeping and errands Clayton County VNA 563-245-1145 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov Home Instead Senior Care 563-875-6059 1213 12th Ave. Suite 105 Dyersville, IA 52040 www.homeinstead.com ABCM Healthy Living Home Care 563-599-9956 1315 Acre St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.abcmcorp.com Everlasting Home Care 563-928-6202 PO Box 852 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.everlastinghhc.com Meals: meal site or home delivered Northeast Iowa Area Agency on Aging 563-382-2941 (NEI3A) 133 SE Main Elkader, IA 52043 www.nei3a.org Medical Alert Allamakee-Clayton REC Ask for Sonya 563-864-7611 229 IA 51 Postville, IA 52162 www.acrec.com Alert 1 www.alert-1.com 866-646-2199 Phillips Lifeline www.lifeline.phillips.com 800-242-1306 Crossing Rivers 608-357-2000 37868 US 18 Prairie DuChien, WI 53821 www.crossingrivers.org Alpine Communications 563-245-4000 923 Humphrey St. Elkader, IA 52043 www.alpinecom.net Life Assist www.life-assist.com 888-860-8098 Girling Home Health 1-877-354-3046 LifeAid 1-800-998-2400 Medical Equipment ActivStyle www.activstyle.com 800-651-6223 American Home Patient 563-556-8118 909 S. Mechanic St. 1-800-234-1705 Decorah, IA 52101 www.ahom.com Cedar Valley Mobility 800-603-9857 3804 Hammond Ave. Waterloo, IA 50702 www.mobilitystore.com Palmer Home Medical 563-422-9714 955 N. Frederick Ave. www.palmermedical.org 35

Oelwein, IA 50662 Crossing Rivers Home Medical Equipment 608-357-2263 37868 US 18 Prairie DuChien, WI 53821 www.crossingrivers.org DuMed 563-557-1004 3250 JFK Cir. Suite 4 Dubuque, IA 52002 www.rotech.com Quality Medical Supply 563-252-3393 807 US 52 Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.qmsmasoncity.com Guttenberg Home Health Supplies 563-252-1705 Mercy Home Care 563-589-8899 250 Mercy Dr. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.mercydubuque.com Finley-Hartig Home Care 563-588-8707 2282 University Ave. Dubuque, IA 52001 www.hartigdrug.com Veterans Affairs 800-637-0128 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov Quality Medical Services 563-252-3393 Rental Assistance Clayton County General Relief 563-245-1865 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 www.claytoncountyia.gov Upper Explorerland 563-864-7551 134 W. Greene St. Postville, IA 52162 www.uerpc.org Respite: cares for client while caregiver is gone G&G Living Centers 563-252-3811 602 Kosciusko St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.gandgliving.org Garden View Assisted Living 563-539-4528 800 Darby Dr. Monona, IA 52159 Great River Care Center 563-873-3527 1400 W. Main St. McGregor, IA 52157 www.greatrivercare.com Palmer Home Health 800-335-0711 955 N. Frederick Ave. Oelwein, IA 50662 www.palmermedical.com Regional Medical Home Care 563-927-7303 709 W. Main St. Manchester, IA 52057 www.regmedctr.org ABCM – Healthy Living Home Care 563-845-8200 1315 Acre St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.abcmcorp.com Skilled Nursing Visits Clayton County VNA www.claytoncountyia.gov 563-245-1145 36 600 Gunder Rd. Elkader, IA 52043 Palmer Home Health 800-335-0711 955 N. Frederick Ave. Oelwein, IA 50662 www.palmermedical.com Crossing Rivers Home Health 608-357-2000 37868 US 18 Prairie DuChien, WI 53821 www.crossingrivers.org Regional Medical Home Care 563-927-7303 709 W. Main St. Manchester, IA 52057 www.regmedctr.org Transportation Northeast Iowa Transit (EARL) 563-382-4259 305 Mongomery St. Decorah, IA 52101 www.neicac.org Residential Services Lincolnwood Assisted Living 563-928-7173 W. Lincoln St. Edgewood, IA 52042 Swales Assisted Living 563-933-6037 313 Elkader St. Strawberry Point, IA 52076 www.strawberrypointlutheranhome.com River Living Center 563-252-3070 831 US 52 Guttenberg, IA 52052 Scenic Acres 563-245-2640 23105 Granite Ave. St. Olaf, IA 52072 Tower Living Center 563-964-9090 103 E. Centre St. Garnavillo, IA 52049 Garden View Senior Community 563-539-4528 800 Darby Dr. Monona, IA 52159 Lutheran Home 563-933-6037 313 Elkader St. Strawberry Point, IA 52076 www.strawberrypointlutheranhome.com Kingston Court Assisted Living 563-245-1620 118 Reimer St. SW Elkader, IA 52043 Turner Point Assisted Living 563-873-3527 1203 Buell Ave. McGregor, IA 52157 Edgewood Convalescent Home 563-928-6461 513 S. Bell St. Edgewood, IA 52042 www.edgewoodconvalescenthome.com Great River Care Center 563-873-3527 1400 W. Main St. McGregor, IA 52157 www.greatrivercarecenter.com Elkader Care Center 563-245-1620 37

116 Riemer St. SW Elkader, IA 52043 Guttenberg Care Center 563-252-2281 1315 Acre St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.abcmcorp.com Prairie Maison 608-326-8471 700 S. Fremont St. Prairie DuChien, WI 53821 www.chscwi.org Eagle Ridge Assisted Living 563-252-2288 1315 Acre St. Guttenberg, IA 52052 www.abcmcorp.com Care Management and Options Counseling Northeast Iowa Area Agency on Aging 563-382-2941 (NEI3A) 133 SE Main Elkader, IA 52043 www.nei3a.org Information and Referral 1-877-538-0508 Lifelong Links/NEI3A Or 866-468-7887

Notes

Funded in part by:

Clayton County Foundation for the Future (CCFF)

From Generation to Generation your gift keeps helping others.

Phone 563-245-2201 Address 132 Main St Elkader, IA 52043

42 Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D: FEMA Approval Letter