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Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law
Token and Taboo: Behavior Modification, Token Economies, and the Law David B. Wexler* Not surprisingly, legal concepts from the prisoners' rights move- ment have begun to spill over into the area of the rights of the institu- tionalized mentally ill. Since the mental patient movement is free of the law and order backlash that restrains the legal battles of prison- ers, it may evoke considerable sympathy from the public, the legisla- tures, and the courts. Commentators and authorities have recently directed attention to important procedural problems in the administration of psychiatric jus- tice' and to the legal issues presented by various methods of therapy. Legal restrictions on a hospital's right to subject unwilling patients to electroconvulsive therapy ' and psychosurgery3 are developing rapidly, and close scrutiny is now being given to "aversive" techniques of be- havior modification and control 4-such as procedures for suppressing transvestitism by administering painful electric shocks to the patient while dressed in women's clothing, and procedures for controlling al- * Professor of Law, University of Arizona. B.A., 1961, Harpur College; J.D., 1964, New York University. 1. See, e.g., Wexler, Scoville et al, The Administration of Psychiatric Justice: Theory and Practice in Arizona, 13 ARIz. L. REV. 1 (1971) [hereinafter cited as PSYCHIATRIC JUSTICE PROJECT]. 2. N.Y. Times, July 15, 1972, at 7, col. 3. In California, section 5325(f) of the Welfare and Institutions Code gives a patient the right to refuse shock treatment, but the following section allows the professional person in charge of the institution, or his designee, to deny the right "for good cause." CAL. -
1006384870-MIT.Pdf
Essays on Job Search, Unemployment, and Regulatory Compliance By G6kqe Bagbug B.A., Istanbul University, 2005 M.A., Istanbul University, 2008 M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015 SUBMITTED TO THE SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MANAGEMENT at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 2017 C2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. I Signature redacted Signature of Author: Department of Management May 5, 2017 Signature redacted Certified by: Thomas A. Kochan George Maverick Bunker Professor of Management/ Thesis Co-Supe/visor Signature redacted Certified by: /&oberto M ern ez William F. Pounds Professor in ag ent Thesis C -Sup isor Signature redacted Accepted by: INSTITUTE MASSACHUSETTS Catherine Tucker Sloan Distinguished Professor of Management MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY co Professor of Marketing LU Chair, MIT Sloan PhD Program JUN 262017 I 0 LIBRARIES 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 MfTLibraries http://Iibraries.mit.edu/ask DISCLAIMER NOTICE Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. Thank you. The images contained in this document are of the best quality available. Essays on Job Search, Unemployment, and Regulatory Compliance by Gik9e Bagbug Submitted to the Sloan School of Management on May 5, 2017 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management Abstract This dissertation is composed of four essays, each studying limits to the means that are famously known to be effective. -
Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration Volume 18, Issue 2
nal of Precision Teaching and Celeratio Volume 18, Number 2 Fall 2002 1 Editor's Comments i;i. GUEST EDITORIAL 2 Guest Editors' Comments rQ! : RESEARCH AND APPLICATION ARTICLES FROM IRELAND 6,' [, . 3 Compound Performance: The Role of Free and Controlled Operant Co 1,:I' .. ! % Philomena Smyth &Michael Keenan 16 Comparison of Two Teaching Structures Examining the Effects of Component Fluency on the Performance of Related Skills Claire McDowell &Michael Keenan 30 A Senior Citizen's Self-Management of Positive and Negative Inner Beha Emma E Cobane &Michael Keenan 37 Comparing Levels of Dysfluency Among Students with Mild Learning Difficulties and Qpical Students Claire McDowell, Michael Keenan &Ken l? Kerr 49 The Saplings Model of Education: Case Studies in Autism Ken l? Kerr, Audrey Campbell & Shauna McGrory 61 Teaching Component Skills to Improve Golf Swing Claire McDowell, Chris Mclntyre, Robert Bones & Michael Keenan CHART SHARES 67 Evan's Rate of Hand-Biting During a Six-Hour School Day Philomena Smyth & Nicola Hardy 69 Rick's Reading Progress Leah White 78 Tracking Curricular Progress with Precision Michael A. Fabrizio, Kristin Schrimer & Kelly Ferris 80 Teaching Visual Pattern Imitation to a Child with Autism Michael A. Fabrizio &Kristin Schrimer 83 Anna's Food and Stroke Chart Malcolm Neely 86 Single vs. Multiple Movement Frequencies: How Many Times Should We Dana J. Stevens DISCUSSION ARTICLES 88 A Review of Edward R. Tufte's 'The Visual Display of Quantitative In John W Eshleman AUTHOR GUIDELINES 95 Manuscript Submission Guidelines and Basic and Advanced Charting Guidelines ERRATUM and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 102 Erratum 103 Acknowledgements A Publication of .-*T.p I -TheStandard Celeration Society JournaI of Precision Teaching and Celeration Editor: RICHARD M. -
175 Alexandra Rutherford's Major Premise, She Tells Us, Is That B.F. Skinner Has Had an Enduring Impact on American Society An
Behavior and Social Issues, 18, 175-177 (2009). © Peter Lamal. Readers of this article may copy it without the copyright owner’s permission, if the author and publisher are acknowledged in the copy and the copy is used for educational, not-for-profit purposes. FROM RATS AND PIGEONS TO CULTURAL PRACTICES: A REVIEW OF BEYOND THE BOX: B. F. SKINNER’S TECHNOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR FROM LABORATORY TO LIFE, 1950S TO 1970S BY ALEXANDRA RUTHERFORD (2009). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-9774-3. 224 pp. $55.00. Alexandra Rutherford’s major premise, she tells us, is that B.F. Skinner has had an enduring impact on American society and her book describes the how, when, where, and why of this impact. Furthermore, although the experimental analysis of behavior and the philosophy of radical behaviorism continue to be vibrant areas, Rutherford’s thesis is that Skinner’s lasting impact is due to his development of, and adoption by others, of his technology of behavior, “Skinner’s most enduring achievement was to treat human behavior change like any other technological problem” (p. 10). At the same time, however, Rutherford reminds us that Skinner’s system was and continues to be rejected by many on philosophical grounds and by others on ethical grounds. This book outlines the evolution of Skinner’s behavioral technology by describing several projects undertaken during the 1950s through the 1970s. The development of the experimental analysis of behavior relied heavily upon experiments with pigeons and rats in free operant chambers, the latter often referred to as Skinner Boxes, after their inventor. -
Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration Volume 13, Issue 1
Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration Volume Xlll Fa11 1995 Number 1 Ten Products of Fluency Ogden R. Lindsley Lindsley 's Unteaching Citation Ogden R. Lindsley ' Visual Imagery and Structure Words: Julie Spaulding, Manfred Accelerating Number of Words and W.Haerte1, Randy L. Seevers, & Number of Descriptive Words Written John 0.Cooper During Free Writing Use of Error Drill, Feedback, Praise, Lisa DeAngelis, T. F. McLaughlin, and Fading to Increase the Legibility of & William J. Sweeney D'Nealian Handwriting with Two Special Education Students The Effect of Music on Head Posturing V. Timmons, T. F. McLaughlin, of a Student with Cerebral Palsy: & V. Kinakin A Case Study Using Precision Teaching to Enhance Michele Morrell, Robert Mouell, Direct Instruction Sight-Word Reading & Richard M. Kubina Jr. Use of Daily Measurement, Standard Susan Abba & T. F. McLaughlin Celeration Charting, and a Nicotrol Patch to Reduce Cigarette Smoking with a Female College Student: A Case Study The Effects of Precision Teaching Christine Bashore & and a Token Economy on Handwriting T. F. McLaughlin Skills: A Case Study Notes From Below the Floor: The National Debt Abigail B. Calkin PT Data Lands in Fiction Abigail B. Calkin A Publication of The Standard Celeration Society The Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration (ISSN 0271-8200) is a multidisciplinary journal that is dedicated to a science of human behavior which includes direct, continuous and standard measurement. This measurement includes a standard unit of behavior, frequency; a standard scale on which successive frequencies are displayed, the Standard Celeration Chart; a standard measure of behavior change between two frequencies, frequency multiplier, and a standard, straight-line measure of behavior change across seven or more frequencies, celeration. -
A Study and Demonstration of the Training and Utilization of Psychological Assistants in Different Clinical Settings
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 086 581 r SO 006 753 AUTHOR EcCaulley, Mary H. TITLE A Study and Demonstration of the Training and Utilization of Psychological Assistants in Different Clinical Settings. Final Report. INSTITUTION Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Clinical Psychology. SPONS AGENCY Public Health Service (DREW), Arlington, Va. Bureau of Health Manpower. REPORT NO PH-108-66-209 PUB DATE Apr 69 NOTE 316p. EDRS PRICE MP-80.65 HC-$13.16 DESCRIPTORS Career Ladders; *Clinical Experience; College Graduates; Demonstration Projects; Educational Programs; *Health Occupations; Health Personnel; Job Placement; Job Training; Manpower Development; *Manpower Utilization; On the Job Training; *Psychology; *Subprofessionals; Summative Evaluation; Technical Occupations IDENTIFIERS *Clinical Psychology ABSTRACT The training program described in this final report is one of a number of attempts to solve the manpower shortage in psychology. The task proposes to demonstrate that the presence of psychological assistants, in this case seven female college graduates, increases the effectiveness and productivity of the clinical psychologists to whom they are assigned in varying positions in clinical service and research. Background information on manpower status in psychology and allied professions introduces the report. Requirement and selection of participants are described. The . assistants are trained by a combination of methods, described and evaluated in Part IV, the most important appearing to be the apprenticeship on the setting. Contributions of the assistant in each setting are presented with a composite description of an assistant's duties. Placement of the assistants at the end of the project is dealt with in relation to initial expectations and changing attitudes as the program progresses. -
Citizens Commission on Human Rights International
® ® CITIZENS COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Established in 1969 by the Church of Scientology to investigate and expose psychiatric violations of human rights Arts, Entertainment & Media INTERNATIONAL PRESIDENT Kirstie Alley Jan Eastgate Abiy B. Desta Jennifer Aspen NATIONAL U.S. PRESIDENT Anne Archer Bruce Wiseman CDRH Ombudsman Catherine Bell BOARD MEMBER David Campbell Isadore M. Chait Office of the Center for Devices Raven Kane Campbell Nancy Cartwright COMMISSIONERS and Radiological Health Kate Ceberano Founding Commissioner U.S. Food and Drug Administration Chick Corea The late Thomas Szasz, Jesus Corona Professor of Psychiatry WO32 Room 4282 Bodhi Elfman Emeritus, State University of Jenna Elfman New York Health Science 10903 New Hampshire Avenue Donna Isham Center Mark Isham Science, Medicine & Health Silver Spring, MD 20993 Jason Lee Rohit Adi, M.D. Geoff Levin Prof. Garland Allen Gordon Lewis Giorgio Antonucci, M.D. Dear Mr. Desta Juliette Lewis Lisa Bazler, B.A., M.A. Chris Masterson Danny Masterson Ryan Bazler, B.S. Shelley Beckmann, Ph.D. John Mappin Lisa Benest, M.D. I testified about the ECT Device at the FDA’s Neurological Jaime Maussan John Breeding, Ph.D.’ Kelly Patricia O’Meara Lisa Cain Devices Advisory Panel meeting held January 27-28, 2011 in Marisol Nichols Anthony Castiglia, M.D. John Novello James Chappel, D.C., N.D., Ph.D. Gaithersburg, MD. I am the international president of the Citizens David Pomeranz Beth Clay Kelly Preston Ann Y. Coxon, M.B., B.S. Commission on Human Rights (CCHR), which represents a large Harriet Schock Moira Dolan, M.D. -
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Boundless
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Boundless Cognitive Therapy Cognitive therapy seeks to help a client overcome difficulties by identifying and changing dysfunctional thought patterns. 1. fig. 1 shows a group cognitive therapy session Clinicians use therapy sessions to help clients address and change their negative cognitive biases. Cognitive therapy (CT) is one of the therapeutic approaches within the larger group of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) and was first expounded by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. Cognitive-based therapies have gained increasing use in the past several decades, beginning with the cognitive revolution in 1956. CT is a psychotherapy quite distinct from other mainstream forms such as psychoanalytic or behavioral psychotherapy: rather than focusing on motivations or instincts, it is based on an information-processing model of human behavior and psychopathology. Cognitive distortions, or exaggerated and irrational thoughts, were believed to perpetuate psychological disorders. The process of learning to refute these distortions is called cognitive restructuring. Cognitive therapy may consist of testing a client's assumptions and identifying how client's unquestioned thoughts are distorted, unrealistic and unhelpful. Once these thoughts have been challenged, the client's feelings about the subject matter of those thoughts can be more readily changed. Cognition: Any element of knowledge including attitude, emotion, belief, or behavior. Schema: A person's worldview; an outline or image universally applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind Source URL: https://www.boundless.com/psychology/psychological-therapies/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/ Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/psych404/ Attributed to: [Boundless] www.saylor.org Page 1 of 20 Cognitive Distortion: Exaggerated and irrational thoughts, believed to perpetuate psychological disorders. -
Parenting the Young Handicapped Child:ANCI-6
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 224,249 EC 150 635 AUTHOR Evans, Joyce; Bricker, Donna TITLE Parenting the Young Handicapped Child:ANCI-6. Early Childhood Intervention Catalog Module. INSTITUTION, Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, Tex. SPONS AGENCY Texas State Dept. of Health Resources, Austin. pUB DATE Aug 82 NOTE 99p.; For related documents, see EC 150 630-636. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MFOl'Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; Child Development; *Disabilities; Early Childhood'Education; Infants; *Intervention; *Parent Materials; *Parent Role; *Parent School Relationship; Professional Personnel; Resources; *Self Concept; Staff Role; Young , Children ABSTRACT The Sixth of seven monographs on earlyintervention for young (birth to age 3) handicapped childrenis intended for parents and other family members. Materialswhich focus on five topics.appropriate'for parent groups (overcoming communication barriers, legal rights and responsibility, self concept andtheir children', toy construction for learning, and professionals'roles) are delcribed. A series of three annotatedbibliographies comprise thiit remainder of the book. Topics addwsed are youngchildren (chird development and 19Orning, activities and tcys, self concept,health and,safety, behavior); handicapped children(biographies, legal issues, general and specific handicaps); andactivities to understand feelings and handicaps. Bibliography entries includeinformation-on title, author, topicp date, and publisher -
Delineating Boundaries Between 'Us' and 'Them'
Delineating boundaries between 'us' and 'them' $UHFHSWLRQVWXG\RIWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI Muslim characters in the television serial 24 5ROI+DOVH Dissertation for the degree philosophiae doctor (PhD) at the University of Bergen Abstract This thesis presents an examination of the US television serial 24’s representation of Muslim characters, and it explores to what extent the perception of these characters can be determined by the cultural and ethnic belonging of the audience. The present thesis shows how 24 participated in forming an arena in which representations, mental images, social relations, and boundaries between ingroup members and outgroup members are constructed and negotiated. The main reason for choosing to study 24 exclusively is that after 9/11 the serial played a central role in the public debate about whether Muslims are being stereotyped in US television entertainment. Hence, the thesis examines whether the critics of 24 have a valid point with regards to the show’s portrayal of negative stereotypes. It also assesses to what extent the serial’s effort to introduce Muslim counter-stereotypes proved to be an adequate response to the criticism. A qualitative research approach is used for examining 24 by combining textual and audience reception analysis. Close readings of selected episodes of the TV serial is carried out, and the crux of the analysis centres on whether, and if so in what respects the representation of the characters are stereotypical/counter-stereotypical. Moreover, it is examined how different interpretive communities of young adults, mainly from Norway, but also from the United States, read and perceive the portrayal of Muslim characters in the same television texts. -
Conduct Research
1 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in “Consultation”. In Section 1 of this course you will cover these topics: Introduction And Overview Of The Book Counseling And Consultation The Context Of Consultation Topic : Introduction And Overview Of The Book Topic Objective: At the end of this topic student would be able to: Gain a complete overview on the contents of this book Definition/Overview: Group Process Consultation: consists of activities designed to increase group awareness and understanding, so that the group or organization can take steps to improve the way that its members work together. Health psychology: is concerned with understanding how biology, behavior, and social context influence health and illness. Health psychologists work alongside other medical professionals in clinical settings, work on behavior change in public health promotion, teach at universities, andWWW.BSSVE.IN conduct research. Scientific Method: refers to techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. Key Points: 1. Introduction This Topic is an introduction to consultation and an overview of the book topic by topic. As is the case in consultation, it is important for students to have an understanding of what they will experience during the reading process. The author also found it important to provide www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 2 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in some explanation of the flow of the book. The first part of this topic describes consultation and serves to orient the reader to what lies ahead. -
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