Esek Pray Trail Driving Tour of 19Th and 20Th Century Settlements and Farms Washtenaw County, Michigan

Esek pray trail Driving Tour of 19th and 20th Century Settlements and Farms Washtenaw County, Michigan

THE ESEK PRAY TRAIL

Esek Pray was one of thousands of settlers who immigrated west from New York and New Eng- land when the Erie Canal was opened in the early- to-mid nineteenth century. Settlers would take the canal to Buffalo, catch a steamer to Detroit, and continue west over land by wagon.

The story of Esek Pray and his family provides a glimpse into the early settlement period of southeast Michigan. Pioneers came to Washtenaw County by following a trail that cut through Supe- rior and Ann Arbor townships, known today as Plymouth-Ann Arbor Road. Esek Pray House, 8755 W. Ann Arbor Road (Site 6) EARLY SETTLERS ON THE TRAIL

Pray was an integral member of the local community as a public tavern keeper, farmer and justice of the peace. He was also a member of the first State Legislature and participated in the “Frostbite Convention” of 1836 in Ann Arbor, where it was decided that Michigan would become a state by trading claim to the port of Toledo to Ohio and ac-

cepting the Upper Peninsula in exchange.

The landscape along this trail is filled with historic resources associated with early settlers, including the Pray family. Houses, farms, cemeteries, three schoolhouses, a store, a church, and Esek Pray (1790-1856) the nearby village of Dixboro all served as a focal point for a community tied to Plymouth-Ann Arbor Esek Pray married Sally Ann Hammond in 1811. Road. Between 1814-1833, they had eight children. In 1825, while their family was still growing, the Prays traveled from New England to settle a farm- Respect, Please! stead in Superior Township. All but one of the The historic resources depicted herein are Pray children married members of neighboring private property and are not open to the public. families, becoming part of an established farming Please respect the owners’ privacy community in the newly formed state of Michigan. and do not trespass.

Many of these families’ prosperous farms are The tour is intended to be enjoyed highlighted on this tour. from the public right-of-way only.

Esek pray trail Driving Tour of 19th and 20th Century Settlements and Farms ×Ö House Washtenaw County, Michigan

Site No. Address 10 7734 Plymouth Road LEGEND 11 7500 Plymouth Road 1 5683 Napier Road 12 6820 Plymouth Road 2 10165 West Ann Arbor Road Cemetery 13 6595 Plymouth Road õ"³ Farm æ 3 9981 West Ann Arbor Road 14 6170 Plymouth Road 4 9350 West Ann Arbor Road 15 5500 Plymouth Road School 7 Site Number 5 9105 West Ann Arbor Road 16 5206 Plymouth Road º¹ 6 8755 West Ann Arbor Road 17 5221 Plymouth Road House 7 8605 West Ann Arbor Road Church ×Ö 18 5221 Plymouth Road 8 8525 West Ann Arbor Road î 19 2211 Plymouth Road 9 7996 Plymouth Road

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Superior Township 19th Century Architecture and Agriculture Greek Revival Style

Superior Township has been an agricul- After the initial settlement period, many early residents of the area were able to tural community since its establishment in devote time and resources towards building in the popular style of the era. During the first half of the 19th century (c.1820 to c.1860), the Greek Revival architectural 1831. The first generation of settlers, style was most popular. It is commonly recognized by its rectangular box-shape including Esek Pray and his contemporar- capped by a shallow-pitch gable roof. The home was decorated with architectural ies, grew only what they need to survive detailing inspired by ancient Greece. These features include a triangular pedi- by practicing subsistence farming while ment supported by columns and a wide frieze board wrapping around the building they cleared land, constructed log cabins, at the eaves. Some builders also incorporated detailing on their structures, such as dentil molding, decorative patterns, and trim around window and door open- and established the political structure. ings. Greek Revival style homes generally had double-hung windows with six During the course of the next 150 years, panes in each sash. The windows were frequently flanked by green shutters. three farm types would emerge in the • Site 1: Conant House (1833) area: the 19th century general farm that • Site 6: Esek Pray House (1839) became the early 20th-century dairy farm, • Site 13: The Nanry House (c.1864) the 20th-century industrial farm illustrated • Site 16: Dixboro United Methodist Church (1858) by Henry Ford’s “Cherry Hill Farm” (2734 Gotfredson Road), and the modern 20th- Greek Revival Style Sites century specialty farm (Site No. 9). Open to the Public

See also page 7 of this brochure By 1835, the average log cabin complex evolved into a more substantial subsis- Kellogg-Warden House (1830s) Washtenaw County Historical Society’s “Museum on Main Street” tence farm, including more elegant houses 500 N. Main Street, Ann Arbor (Site Nos. 6, 12, and 13), timber frame 734.662.9092 or www.washtenawhistory.org barns (Site Nos. 5, 14), and multiple out- Kempf House Museum (1853) buildings. The barns were built in the style 312 South Division Street, Ann Arbor characteristic of those in New England: 734.994.4898 or www.kempfhousemuseum.org simple, rectangular boxes with a gable roof, and a main entry in the middle of the Italianate Style side elevation. Barns served a places for grain processing and storage, as well as The Italianate style became increasingly common between 1840 and the 1880s, animal shelter. Types of crops grown on during a time when popular taste shifted from formal residences to a more roman- tic view of the home. Italianate style homes featured carved brackets in the the subsistence farm between 1850 and eaves, rounded or segmental arched windows, and softened woodwork details. 1880 included wheat, rye, corn, buck- The frieze board shrank in width and was soon eliminated altogether. Later, the wheat, barley, potatoes, hay, flax, and ma- gable roof was replaced by the hip roof with deeper eaves, and rectangular win- ple sugar. These early farmers also kept dow openings became narrower and taller. The use of brick was also desirable, chickens, milk cows, cattle, horses, sheep, as were more complex floor plans. This style was adopted by many one-room school houses built during the second half of the 20th century. swine, bees, and silk cocoons.

The dairy farm became common during • Site 7: Geer House (1884) the first part of the 20th century. The switch • Site 12: Galpin House (1830s) For additional information: from general subsistence farming to one of dairy and some subsistence farming had a A Field Guide to One-room Schools American Houses profound impact on the landscape. Nearly In the Italianate Style: by Virginia and Lee McAlester every farmstead upgraded their facilities to (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985) accommodate the new technology and to • Site 3: Geer School (1880) • Site 11: Frains Lake meet government regulations. A typical Washtenaw County School (1872) Heritage Tour No. 2: dairying farmstead was changed to include • Site 18: Dixboro School (1888) “Greek Revival Architecture Tours” a gambrel roof barn, silo, and milk house. • Site 19: Popkins School http://preservation.ewashtenaw.org (Site No. 10). With time, many farmers and (1870/193) their descendants elected to not operate a full-scale farm operation.

3 SITE 1. Conant Farm ◙ SITE 5. McCormick-Williams Farm ● 5683 Napier Road, Salem Township 9105 W. Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township

Listed on the Michigan State Register of Historic Places The site is an excellent example of a late 19th and early 20th (1989), the John Wesley Conant Farmhouse was built in century farmstead. The farmhouse was constructed by Wil- Denton Township shortly after 1833. It was moved in 1942 liam McCormick, one of the origi- after Henry Ford purchased the original farmland for the Wil- nal settlers in the township, in low Run Bomber Plant. The 1838. His daughter married a house is an excellent example son of Esek Pray. The site was of a Greek Revival farmhouse actively farmed between 1831 from the early period of Euro- and 1958, including general pean settlement. Distinctive farming (crops, fruit, wool, and features include the 1.5-story livestock), dairy farming, and height, side-gable orientation, cider production, as represented and 6-paned double-hung win- by the outbuildings present on dows. the property. SITE 2. Charles-Gardner Farm SITE 6. Esek Pray House (photo on front cover) ◙ ● 10165 W. Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township 8755 W. Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township

The Charles-Gardner Farm is an excellent example of a ver- The landmark 1839 farmhouse was built by Esek Pray, an nacular farm site. The c. 1860 upright and wing farmhouse original farming pioneer of the Township who was active in with recessed porch, Italianate- the local social and political circles. The house replaced an style porch columns, and clap- earlier log cabin destroyed by fire. Mr. Pray maintained a board siding, and the gable tavern in his home from the 1820s to the 1850s. After his roofed New England-style barns death, the property became one of the most prosperous are characteristic of the farms farms in the township under the ownership of son-in-law Wat- once common in the area. Col- son Geer. The Classical Revival detailing on the five-bay lectively, the buildings represent house includes a wrap-around frieze board with cornice re- a 19th century general subsis- turns and lunette window at the gable ends and dentil mold- tence farm which was later modi- ing. The house also has an elaborate, extra wide front entry, fied into a dairy operation. consisting of a two-panel Greek Revival door and sidelights embedded between four pilasters supporting a wide frieze. SITE 3. Geer School ● Both floors of the house have two rooms on each side of a 9981 W. Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township central hall. The floor plan and exterior form of the house, The 1880 Geer School is a typical 19th century brick one- sometimes referred to as the New England Large House, was room school house. The school was named for William Geer, commonly adopted in New England and New York during the the school superintendent at the time. The school served early 19th century, but it is unusual for Washtenaw County. what was known as the “Geer community,” which included William Geer’s post office and SITE 7. Milton Geer House ● general store, believed to have 8605 W. Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township

been located at his home (see The Geer House is one of the Site No. 4). The school hosted finest examples of Italianate- the community’s dances, fund- style architecture in the County. raisers, special events, and Decorative moldings and iron meetings. It was rehabilitated by cresting remain part of a struc- the Plymouth School District, and ture that was designed with continues to be use by the dis- many characteristic Italianate trict for educational purposes. features, such as segmented window openings, paired and SITE 4. Geer-Foerster Farm chamfered square porch col- 9350 W. Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township umns, window hoods, and paired brackets on a wide frieze. The William Geer-Foerster Farm The house was built for Milton Geer and his bride, Kitty contributes to the understanding Kimmel, in 1884. Milton was the son of prosperous farmer of the agricultural and social his- and neighbor Watson Geer and the grandson of Esek Pray. tory of the area. William Geer Kitty Kimmel was the daughter of pioneer Henry Kimmel, who arrived in the area in 1850 with proposed the name “Superior” for the Township in 1831. his brother Watson, who later married a daughter of Esek Pray. The house, which has the typical Key to Lists & Designations th massing of a mid-19 century, 1½-story side-gable house, has logs exposed in the basement. ◙ State Register of Historic Places When a finer home was built on the site, this house was used as a granary, but returned to residential use after the second house ▲ National Register of Historic Places burned. This house is also the possible location of the Geer post office and Geer general store during the 1890s. ● Washtenaw County Historic District 4 SITE 8. Pray Cemetery ONE-ROOM SCHOOLS 8525 West Ann Arbor Road, Superior Township

th The one-room school house The Pray Cemetery is home to many 19 served as a focal point for the century residents who lived in the northeast- local community. During the ern part of Superior Township. For a com- school day, children received prehensive listing of families, see their formal education inside http://www.dyanesdesktop.com/watson/ the building, and learned to cemeteries/pray_cemetery.html. play and explore outside the building. The school yard SITE 9. Murray-Fishbeck Farm served as an important social 7996 Plymouth Road, Superior Township center, where children inter- Popkins School (1870) acted with their current and Charles Murray and family emigrated from Orange County, future neighbors. They played NY in 1829. The farmstead as it appears today reflects pri- th ball, tag, other games includ- marily its 20 century stage of evolution, most recently as a ing Rover Red Rover. In the dairy and then cash crop farm. The original farmhouse was 20th-century, the school yard replaced by the 1911 Queen Anne-style home. In the 1930s, was embellished with swings, a one-story house was moved onto the farm. It had originally merry-go-rounds, and climb- served as the club house of ing equipment. Baseball be- the Cherry Hilll Country Club. came a favorite activity during The barns have been ex- the recesses and noon break. Frains Lake School panded or moved over the During evenings and major (1872) years. Since the 1930s, the holidays, the school house family has operated the served as the backdrop for Murray Lake Swim Club. larger community events, in- SITE 10. S. Geer-Staebler Farm cluding spelling bees, plays, 7734 Plymouth Road, Superior Township and pageants.

The Geer-Staebler Farm is another good example of a subsis- Many of the original school tence farm that evolved into a dairy operation. Constructed dur- buildings were built between ing the second half of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, the mid-1820s and c.1860 the site is still used for agricultural purposes. The newer garage and were constructed of logs. Geer School (1880) and machine shed reflect the increasing use of machinery on They were replaced by frame the farmstead during the first part of the 20th century. A few or brick and occasionally buildings on the north side of stone buildings during the Plymouth Road were reposi- second half of the 19th cen- tioned in 1928 when the road tury (c.1860 to c.1910). was paved. The site was pur- Of the schools standing in the chased by the Washtenaw area today, the Dixboro County Parks and Recreation School comes closest to the Commission in 2001. It is not idealized version of a one- open to the public. room country school. The Dixboro School (1888) school building and the sur- SITE 11. Frains Lake School rounding school yard are gen- chitecture that has been 7500 Plymouth Road, Superior Township erally intact. Built by Tessmer carefully restored. The Frains Lake School and the lake of Ann Arbor in 1888, it has a Frains Lake School (1872) behind it have served as focal rectangular footprint, and is and the Popkins School points of a hamlet and its sur- capped by a short bell tower (1870) are the simplest of rounding farming community th at the front of the gable roof. the Italianate-style schools. since the 19 century. The cur- Only the wood shed and out- After c. 1910, school build- rent brick school was con- houses are missing. Changes ings were modified to ac- structed in 1872 in the Italianate made to the front elevation of commodate 20th century style. Architectural features in- the school building itself, in- needs such as indoor plumb- clude a cupola on the roof top, cluding combining two front ing and better heating. The projecting molding over window doors into one and installing Popkins School 1934 addi- and door openings, and a transom window above the front bathrooms into former coat tion is one such example. A door. The building received a rear addition in the 1990s. closets, are part of the build- growing trend in American ing’s change over time. Simi- education toward school lar in construction to the Dix- FRAINS LAKE consolidation later sent stu- boro School are the Geer, The Hamlet of Frains Lake was named after Samuel Frains, an dents to larger, newer, multi- Frains Lake, and Popkins early township settler. Situated on the north shore of Frains Lake, room buildings, leaving the Schools. The Geer School it was established c.1835 and consisted of only three properties one-room schools in the care (1880) is also a beautiful ex- by 1856. It expanded greatly during the early 20th century, when of the local community. a bedroom community of smaller homes was constructed. ample of Italianate-style ar- 5 SITE 12. Galpin-Smith Farm 6820 Plymouth Road, Superior Township VILLAGE OF DIXBORO The Galpin-Smith farmhouse was constructed by Philo Galpin, one of the Dixboro, with its several taverns, served as a major stage- original pioneers of the coach stop in Superior Township during the early settle- 1830s. Over time, he accu- ment period. The vil- mulated large land hold- lage maintained a ings, some of which he sold store, serving early to his children for the price travelers as well as the of “natural love and affec- local residents. The tion” (as recorded in the deed). His children married into first store in Dixboro surrounding families, including the extended Pray Family. was operated by John During the second half of the 19th century, two distinct Dix out of his house, farms emerged on the property. The western portion, which located near the east- includes the Galpin-Smith House, was operated by grand- ern boundary of the son Philo Esek Galpin and descendants. The house is an village, and included early example of the Italianate architectural style. The east- the post office. A store Dixboro Store ern portion of the farmstead has since been demolished to was situated at the make room for the Ford Road/M-14 intersection. southeast corner of Plymouth and Cherry Hill Roads by the 1860s or early 1870s. During the 20th century, the Dixboro Store became an intricate part of the Dixboro SITE 13. Douglass-Nanry House community. Together with the Site 17: Dixboro Church 6595 Plymouth Road, Superior Township (1858) and Site 18: Dixboro School (1888), it visually defines the center of the village. The store provided goods The Douglass-Nanry House for the residents of Dixboro and nearby farms, purchased is one of the most elegant excess eggs and other products from the farmers, and Greek Revival-style houses provided a setting for social activities. These included a in southeastern Michigan. It table with chairs and a checkerboard inside the store, and is built in the form of a Basil- a dance hall on the second floor of the store building. ica, with a central, two-story,

gable-roofed upright portion Dixboro was home to several businesses and mills, serv- flanked on each side by par- ing goods and services to travelers and the surrounding allel, one-story hip-roofed farming community. The village was platted by John Dix wings. Architectural features of Massachusetts, include the stylized front entry with shouldered architrave who arrived in 1824. trim, four Doric columns, wide frieze with embellished mold- The plat was com- ing, and prominent cornice returns. On the interior, the pleted by A. B. Rowe Douglass-Nanry House was constructed with walnut and in 1826. The plan grained trim also in the shouldered architrave style. The included 64 residen- house includes a fireplace, and a one-story rear addition tial lots along Ply- that is believed to be original. The house was probably mouth Road on either constructed by George Douglass, Jr. sometime between side of its intersection 1856 and 1864, when it was sold to John W. Nanry. Note with South Road the unusual Geek Revival-style stone smokehouse and (Cherry Hill Road). A outhouse to the rear. Dixboro Church large green was set aside in the middle of SITE 14. John McCormick Farm Site the town for the church and school. The Dixboro School 6170 Plymouth Road, Superior Township was established during the late 1820s, but the church was not built until 1858. The open space to the east of the farmhouse is the site of the log home of John McCormick, a pioneer settler who arrived in During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Dixboro began to Superior Township in 1825. McCormick built his house soon gradually grow. In addition to new residences, small farms after arrival, and it was at and the church, it received a parsonage in 1869, a new this home that the first store probably during the 1880s, and a new school build- township meeting was ing in 1888. An apple cider mill operated at 5135 Ply- held in 1828. The current mouth Road during the late 1880s and 1890s. The Farm house is the third house Cupboard, later known as the Lord Fox, became an es- built on the farm. A ver- tablished restaurant. After World War II, the first “suburb” nacular, two-story upright of residential structures was established on the north side and wing house, it was of the hamlet. More recently, houses have been added to constructed sometime be- the east side near the intersection of Plymouth and Ford tween 1864 and 1874. Roads. 6 SITE 15. Oak Grove Cemetery SITE 19. Popkins School ● 5500 Plymouth Road, Superior Township 2211 Old Earhart Road, Ann Arbor Township

The cemetery is occupied by This site is one of four remaining one-room school houses many of Dixboro’s prominent along the Esek Pray Trail. It is an excellent example of the residents. It is owned and main- mid-19th century Italianate-style school building, modified to tained by the Oak Grove Ceme- meet early 20th century needs. Constructed in 1870 for ap- tery Association, which was es- proximately $1500, it had three windows on each side eleva- tablished in 1860, although there tion, and a door flanked by one window on each side on the are some grave markers that front elevation. The 1930s precede that date. alterations removed the front door to a new side wing con- SITE 16. Dixboro Store ◙ taining an entry and restrooms, 5206 Plymouth Road, Superior Township and added a bank of windows onto the east wall. The build- Situated in the heart of the community, the Dixboro Store ing suffered a major fire in (photo at left) has served as a local focal point for many 1983, and was extensively years. It was probably constructed during the 1870s, serv- rehabilitated in 2001-2002. ing as the general store, post office, and buying- trading site for surplus farm products. Various shopkeepers lived above the store and or in the now-connected house next door. The rear one-story barn was once a garage and Related Historic Resources of Interest blacksmith shop. During the 1930s, gasoline was sold in front. In 1924, the main building received a large addition —Open to the Public— to accommodate a two story, shed-roofed dance floor for • The Washtenaw County Court House (see below) entertainment. Dance attendees came by car from a large • The Washtenaw County Historical Society’s surrounding region. Local legend suggests that Henry Ford Museum on Main Street (see page 3 and below) and his side-kick Harry Bennett frequented the dance floor. • Kempf House Museum (see page 3)

SITE 17. Dixboro Church ▲ ◙ 5221 Church Street, Superior Township Washtenaw County Courthouse (Not Included in Tour) The Dixboro Church (photo at left) was built in the Greek 100 East Huron Street, Ann Arbor Revival style in 1858, by E. W. Ford of Saline for $2,241. The plans for the building were drawn by Abraham Cooper Washtenaw County has of Ypsilanti for $15. This church building met the needs of had three courthouses numerous small religious groups that had met sporadically since its establishment in since Dixboro was founded in 1824. Listed in the State 1827. The building site Register of Historic Places in 1971, and the National Regis- was designated in 1824, ter of Historic Places in 1972, it continues to serve as a vis- and the first courthouse ual and functional focal point of the community. was constructed in 1834. It is here that Esek Pray and his contemporaries SITE 18. Dixboro School ◙ met to determine the 5221 Church Street, Superior Township boundaries of the future state of Michigan. The courthouse This school was built in 1888 was replaced in 1877 by a large, multi-story brick structure, by August Tessmer in the Ital- which was replaced by the current building in 1955. ianate style, for $1,200. It re- Kellogg-Warden House (Not Included in Tour) ◙ placed an earlier school build- 500 North Main Street, Ann Arbor ing on land set aside in 1825 as a central green square for the The Kellogg-Warden Dixboro School and Church. House is an excellent Features include rectangular example of an early block form and gable roof, Greek Revival town front-gable orientation, brick house. Built in 1833- pilasters, round-arched window openings, and raised brick 1837, the house was hoods. During the 1930s the building was altered and two originally situated in Ann front entry doors were combined to make one central door. Arbor’s Lower Town, the In addition, cloak rooms were converted into bathrooms. At residential area through this time the school had two baseball diamonds, a swing which Esek Pray and set, a see-saw, a merry-go-round, and a pump in the south- others would have east corner of the property. Since then, monkey bars and a walked on their way to downtown Ann Arbor. The house was climbing gym have been added. The school remained in moved to its current site in 1990, and is now the home of the operation until 1958 when it was sold by the Ann Arbor Washtenaw County Historical Society. For information call Public Schools to the Dixboro Church. 734.662.9092, or see www.washtenawhistory.org. 7 Heritage Driving Tours

http://preservation.ewashtenaw.org/ Learn about early Washtenaw County settlers. Washtenaw County, Greek Revival Architecture: Enjoy an elegant architectural style. Discover more than just red barns. See beautiful farming landscapes. and printable tour brochures, visit North & South Tours North & South Tours German Heritage

For more information Esek Pray Trail Michigan Historic Barns Tour 4: Tour 3: Tour 2: Tour 1:

This publication has been financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Park National the from funds with federal part in financed been has publication This © 2007 Washtenaw County© 2007 Washtenaw Government Planning & Environment receives federal fi federal receives Environment & Planning Service, U.S. Department of U.S. Department Service,

Ann Arbor Area Convention & Visitors Bureau Department of Planning & Environment Ypsilanti Area Convention & Visitors Bureau Ypsilanti Area Convention Washtenaw County Historical Consortium Washtenaw County Historical Consortium http://preservation.ewashtenaw.org/ Historic Preservation Program Heritage Tourism Map Project Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107 Ann Arbor, Saline Area Chamber of Commerce Michigan Department of History, Michigan Department of FuNDING AND DISCLAIMER STATEMENT STATEMENT DISCLAIMER FuNDING AND To Our Sponsors & Partners Saline Area Historical Society 705 North Zeeb Road 705 North Zeeb Road Produced by Ina Hanel-Gerdenich, Kathy Holtz, Hanel-Gerdenich, Produced by Ina Anthony Bedogne and Thomas Winebrenner. and Thomas Anthony Bedogne T protection of properties historic protection Arts and Libraries HANK the Interior. The Washtenaw County Department of Department County The Washtenaw the Interior. Anne Kreykes and Melissa Milton-Pung.

nancial assistance for identification and and for identification assistance nancial Y OU Graphic assistance by .

Esek Pray House, 8755 West Ann Arbor Road, Washtenaw County,

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