1 What Happened to the Third Wave Netizen?
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Infowar and Disinformation: from the Pentagon to the Net
Infowar and Disinformation: From the Pentagon to the Net http://www.namebase.org/news11.html Infowar and Disinformation: From the Pentagon to the Net by Daniel Brandt From NameBase NewsLine, No. 11, October-December 1995 In 1967, a satire was published under the title "Report From Iron Mountain on the Possibility and Desirability of Peace." This analysis soberly reflected, in think-tank style, on the importance to society of waging war. Leonard Lewin, who pretended that the secret report was leaked and did not claim authorship until five years later, argued forcefully that war provides a type of social and psychological glue, without which society cannot function. "Roughly speaking," Lewin writes, "the presumed power of the 'enemy' sufficient to warrant an individual sense of allegiance to a society must be proportionate to the size and complexity of the society. Today, of course, that power must be one of unprecedented magnitude and frightfulness."[1] Lewin's tongue-in-cheek premise is that before peace breaks out, it becomes urgent to find substitutes for war. They say that life imitates art. Almost 30 years later, Lewin's claim of authorship is lost amid the general enthusiasm over the manuscript. Dog-eared copies of "Report from Iron Mountain" are passed around by patriots and militia groups as if it were the secret plan from above.[2] This provides liberal critics of "conspiracism" a good chuckle or two. But it's not at all clear who will laugh last. As a predictor of the capacity of elites to manage public opinion, and to deal with stubborn fringe groups, populists can do worse than to study this 100-page volume. -
SPEECH by the PRESIDENT of the REPUBLIC of INDONESIA on GOVERNMENT LEADERS FORUM, MAY 9TH, 2008 Rabu, 28 Mei 2008
Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia SPEECH BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA ON GOVERNMENT LEADERS FORUM, MAY 9TH, 2008 Rabu, 28 Mei 2008 SPEECH BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA ON GOVERNMENT LEADERS FORUM SHANGRI-LA HOTEL, JAKARTA MAY 9th, 2008 Bismillaahirrahmaanirrahiim, Assalaamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakaatuh, Peace be upon us, Before I deliver my speech, I would like to make a little comment on what had been excelently presented by Mr. Bill Gates and Mr. Craig Mundie. Alvin Toffler, the author of Future Shock of The Third Wave, and of Powershift, once said, there are three waves of civilizations. They, agricultural society, industrial society, and information society. And to be frank, we, Indonesia, have too these three types of society. In my speech, I may mention several situations and conditions that maybe very much incontrast with what we have seen on the screen, the health future vision. Eventhough, part of our society, specially on the information type society, may follow and may join this new technology and our task as a leader to accelerate the process in bringing our society for the better future. That’s my little comment on this, before I deliver my speech. Mr. Bill Gates, Mr. Craig Mundie, Excellencies, Distinguished Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a pleasure for me to join all of you at this closing plenary session of the Government Leaders Forum Asia 2008. Before anything else, I wish to thank Mr. Bill Gates, Mr. Craig Mundie, and Microsoft for bringing the Government Leaders Forum to Jakarta. The Government of Indonesia is privileged to partner with Microsoft in organizing this important forum. -
The Daily Me
1 The Daily Me It is some time in the future. Technology has greatly increased people's ability to “filter” what they want to read, see, and hear. With the aid of the Internet, you are able to design your own newspapers and magazines. You can choose your own programming, with movies, game shows, sports, shopping, and news of your choice. You mix and match. You need not come across topics and views that you have not sought out. Without any difficulty, you are able to see exactly what you want to see, no more and no less. You can easily find out what “people like you” tend to like and dis like. You avoid what they dislike. You take a close look at what they like. Maybe you want to focus on sports all the time, and to avoid anything dealing with business or government. It is easy to do exactly that. Maybe you choose replays of your favorite tennis matches in the early evening, live baseball from New York at night, and professional football on the weekends. If you hate sports and want to learn about the Middle East in the evening from the perspective you find most congenial, you can do that too. If you care only about the United States and want to avoid international issues entirely, you can restrict yourself to material involving the United States. So too if you care only about Paris, or London, or Chicago, or Berlin, or Cape Town, or Beijing, or your hometown. 1 CHAPTER ONE Perhaps you have no interest at all in “news.” Maybe you find “news” impossibly boring. -
Mine Your Own Business!"
ZARSKY: "MINE YOUR OWN BUSINESS!" ARTICLE "MINE YOUR OWN BUSINESS!": MAKING THE CASE FOR THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE DATA MINING OF PERSONAL INFORMATION IN THE FORUM OF PUBLIC OPINION TAL Z. ZARSKY* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 2 II. A TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA MINING PROCESS ..... 6 A. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO DATA MINING .......................... 6 B. DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA CLEANSING ..................... 7 C. DATA MINING: METHODS AND PRACTICES ....................... 9 1. C LU STERIN G ..................................................................... 9 2. A SSOCIATION R ULES .......................................................... 11 (a) ASSOCIATION DISCOVERY ......................................... 12 (b) SEQUENTIAL PATTERN DISCOVERY ......................... 13 (c) SIMILAR TIME SEQUENCE DISCOVERY .................... 14 3. THE NEXT STEPS IN THE KDD PROCESS ......................... 15 D. FINAL POINTS AND INTERNET APPLICATIONS .................... 16 III. THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE DATA MINING PRACTICES .......... 18 A . G ENERAL OVERVIEW ........................................................ 18 B . D ISCRIM IN ATION .............................................................. 22 C. MANIPULATION AND THREATS TO AUTONOMY ................. 35 1. EFFECTS ON THE INDIVIDUAL ......................................... 38 2. EFFECTS ON SOCIETY ...................................................... 40 D . A BUSE & M ISUSE .......................................................... -
After Convergence: Youtube and Remix Culture
After Convergence: YouTube and Remix Culture Anders Fagerjord Beyond Convergence In little more than a year, from November 2005 to the autumn of 2006, YouTube became a new media phenomenon. This library of videos uploaded from millions of users is one of the best examples of the complex matrix of new media that are described as convergence (Walther, 2005), convergence culture (Jenkins, 2006) and Web 2.0. (Musser & O’Reilly, 2007). It is complex because the content is unpre- dictable. On YouTube, there are lots of recordings from TV shows and films old and new. Amateur videos of stunts, fiction, parodies and pastiches abound. Professional recordings attempt to market products and artists famous and would-be famous. Regular people put up diary-like recordings of speaking into a camera. Politicians cry for attention in more or less convincing talks, “viral marketing” tries to disguise its commercial message, and fictional diaries pretend to be real. And the declining genre of the music video has found a new life online (Austerlitz, 2007). YouTube is not just a web phenomenon; it is in open contest with broadcast TV. TV shows look to YouTube for newsworthy or entertaining material. As MediaCentre PCs and AppleTVs occupy the place of the TV set and mobile phones are ready to show you YouTube videos wherever you are, YouTube promises to follow you everywhere. YouTube seems to me to be a good example to discuss modern online media with, but first, we need to back up a little. When Nicholas Negroponte resigned from his column in Wired Magazine in 1998, he had written for 6 years about new media technology, and his ideas of what the future will bring. -
Neri Oxman Material Ecology
ANTONELLI THE NERI OXMAN CALLS HER DESIGN APPROACH MATERIAL ECOLOGY— A PROCESS THAT DRAWS ON THE STRUCTURAL, SYSTEMIC, AND AESTHETIC WISDOM OF NATURE, DISTILLED AND DEPLOYED THROUGH COMPUTATION AND DIGITAL FABRICATION. THROUGHOUT HER TWENTY- ECOLOGY MATERIAL NERI OXMAN NERI OXMAN YEAR CAREER, SHE HAS BEEN A PIONEER OF NEW MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES, AND A CATALYST FOR DYNAMIC INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIONS. WITH THE MEDIATED MATTER MATERIAL GROUP, HER RESEARCH TEAM AT THE MIT MEDIA LAB, OXMAN HAS PURSUED RIGOROUS AND DARING EXPERIMENTATION THAT IS GROUNDED IN SCIENCE, PROPELLED BY VISIONARY THINKING, AND DISTINGUISHED BY FORMAL ELEGANCE. ECOLOGY PUBLISHED TO ACCOMPANY A MONOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION OF OXMAN’S WORK AT THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART, NEW YORK, NERI OXMAN: MATERIAL ECOLOGY FEATURES ESSAYS BY PAOLA ANTONELLI AND CATALOGUE HADAS A. STEINER. ITS DESIGN, BY IRMA BOOM, PAYS HOMAGE TO STEWART BRAND’S LEGENDARY WHOLE EARTH CATALOG, WHICH CELEBRATED AND PROVIDED RESOURCES FOR A NEW ERA OF AWARENESS IN THE LATE 1960S. THIS VOLUME, IN TURN, HERALDS A NEW ERA OF ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS—ONE IN WHICH THE GENIUS OF NATURE CAN BE HARNESSED, AS OXMAN IS DOING, TO CREATE TOOLS FOR A BETTER FUTURE. Moma Neri Oxman Cover.indd 1-3 9.01.2020 14:24 THE NERI OXMAN MATERIAL ECOLOGY CATALOGUE PAOLA ANTONELLI WITH ANNA BURCKHARDT THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART, NEW YORK × Silk Pavilion I Imaginary Beings: Doppelgänger Published in conjunction with the exhibition Published by Neri Oxman: Material Ecology, at The Museum of The Museum of Modern Art, New York Modern Art, New York, February 22–May 25, 2020. 11 West 53 Street CONTENTS Organized by Paola Antonelli, Senior Curator, New York, New York 10019 Department of Architecture and Design, www.moma.org and Director, Research and Development; and Anna Burckhardt, Curatorial Assistant, © 2020 The Museum of Modern Art, New York 9 FOREWORD Department of Architecture and Design Certain illustrations are covered by claims to copyright cited on page 177. -
How Cybernetics Connects Computing, Counterculture, and Design
Walker Art Center — Hippie Modernism: The Struggle for Utopia — Exhibit Catalog — October 2015 How cybernetics connects computing, counterculture, and design Hugh Dubberly — Dubberly Design Office — [email protected] Paul Pangaro — College for Creative Studies — [email protected] “Man is always aiming to achieve some goal language, and sharing descriptions creates a society.[2] and he is always looking for new goals.” Suddenly, serious scientists were talking seriously —Gordon Pask[1] about subjectivity—about language, conversation, and ethics—and their relation to systems and to design. Serious scientists were collaborating to study Beginning in the decade before World War II and collaboration. accelerating through the war and after, scientists This turn away from the mainstream of science designed increasingly sophisticated mechanical and became a turn toward interdisciplinarity—and toward electrical systems that acted as if they had a purpose. counterculture. This work intersected other work on cognition in Two of these scientists, Heinz von Foerster and animals as well as early work on computing. What Gordon Pask, took an interest in design, even as design emerged was a new way of looking at systems—not just was absorbing the lessons of cybernetics. Another mechanical and electrical systems, but also biological member of the group, Gregory Bateson, caught the and social systems: a unifying theory of systems and attention of Stewart Brand, systems thinker, designer, their relation to their environment. This turn toward and publisher of the Whole Earth Catalog. Bateson “whole systems” and “systems thinking” became introduced Brand to von Foerster.[3] Brand’s Whole Earth known as cybernetics. Cybernetics frames the world in Catalog spawned a do-it-yourself publishing revolution, terms of systems and their goals. -
Information Warfare
Information Warfare Yael Yashar (ICT) 622062911/ ABSTRACT Computer Warfare? Terrorists take control of the NewYork Stock Exchange? Terrorism over the Internet? Computer viruses in the arsenal of Hizballah ? Sound implausible? Maybe. But such possibilities are currently being discussed by strategic analysts under the catch-all title, "Information Warfare". To date the defense establishment has yet to agree on the exact definition of the term “information warfare”. But on one thing everyone agrees, in the digital age, information, and its dissemination, has achieved the status of a vital strategic asset . * The views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT). 2 Infowar - Potential Weapons If the response of the American defense establishment is any indication, strategic analysts are taking the possibilities of infowar seriously. Special committees in every branch of the U.S. armed forces are studying its potential, both as a defensive and an offensive weapon. The NSA (National Security Agency) is reportedly studying a rather imaginative arsenal of “info weapons”. Among the possible offensive weapons are: Computer viruses, which could be fed into an enemy’s computers either remotely or by “mercenary” technicians; Logic bombs, another type of virus which can lie dormant for years, until, upon receiving a particular signal, it would wake up and begin attacking the host system; “Chipping”, a plan (originally proposed by the CIA, according to some sources) to slip booby-trapped computer chips into critical systems sold by foreign contractors to potentially hostile third parties (or recalcitrant allies?) Worms, whose purpose is to self-replicate ad infinitum, thus eating up a system’s resources. -
Dubberly & Pangaro, “Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action”
Chapter 3 Cybernetics and Design: Conversations for Action Hugh Dubberly and Paul Pangaro Abstract Ranulph Glanville came to believe that cybernetics and design are two sides of the same coin. The authors present their understanding of Glanville and the relationships they see between cybernetics and design. They argue that cyber- netics is a necessary foundation for 21st century design practice: If design, then systems: Due in part to the rise of computing technology and its role in human communications, the domain of design has expanded from giving form to creating systems that support human interactions; thus, systems literacy becomes a neces- sary foundation for design. If systems, then cybernetics: Interaction involves goals, feedback, and learning, the science of which is cybernetics. If cybernetics, then second-order cybernetics: Framing wicked problems requires making explicit one’s values and viewpoints, accompanied by the responsibility to justify them with ex- plicit arguments; this incorporates subjectivity and the epistemology of second-order cybernetics. If second-order cybernetics, then conversation: Design grounded in ar- gumentation requires conversations so that participants may understand, agree, and collaborate on effective action – that is, participants in a design conversation learn together in order to act together. The authors see cybernetics as a way of framing both the process of designing and the things being designed – both means and ends – not only design-as-conversation but also design-for-conversation. Second-order cybernetics frames design as conversation, and they explicitly frame “second-order design” as creating possibilities for others to have conversations. Hugh Dubberly Dubberly Design Office, 2501 Harrison Street, No. -
The Computer in Architecture, 1960–80
Artificial Intelligence, Architectural Intelligence: The Computer in Architecture, 1960–80 A dissertation proposal by Molly Wright Steenson Dissertation committee Prof. M. Christine Boyer (advisor) Prof. Edward Eigen (reader) Prof. Axel Kilian (reader) Abstract With the advent of the information age, architects in the 1960s and 70s found themselves contending with more complex design problems than they had in the past. In response to these changes, the architectural profession began to turn to computers and computer- related sciences including cybernetics and artificial intelligence (AI), and to ways to solve and represent problems using the computer. The computational shift promoted design process over formal object, moved the architect out of a central role in the design process, and generated architectural solutions beyond the capabilities of machine or architect alone. This dissertation will examine the work of three architects: Christopher Alexander (b. 1936), Nicholas Negroponte (b. 1943) and Cedric Price (1934–2003) and the influence of, and their collaborations with, key figures in cybernetics and artificial intelligence. The period from 1960 to 1980 is significant because it marks the introduction of computing paradigms to architecture and the beginning of the mainstream of computers in architectural practice. Throughout, this dissertation will develop the notion of generative systems in architecture; that is, systems that incorporate models of intelligence, interact with and respond to both designer and end user, and adapt and evolve over time. Artificial Intelligence, Architectural Intelligence: The Computer in Architecture, 1960–80 In the 1960s and 70s, architects began to face increased complexity within their profession, raising a major issue within the architectural purview: the role of the architect in an informationally complex world. -
Cybertarian Flexibility—When Prosumers Join the Cognitariat, All That Is Scholarship Melts Into Air
2 Cybertarian Flexibility—When Prosumers Join the Cognitariat, All That Is Scholarship Melts into Air Toby Miller The prevailing media credo, in domains that matter both a lot (popular, capitalist, and state discourse and action) and a little (communication, cultural, and media studies), is upheaval. The litany goes something like this: Corporate power is chal- lenged. State authority is compromised. Avant-garde art and politics are centered. The young are masters, not victims. Technologies represent freedom, not domina- tion. Revolutions are fomented by Twitter, not theory; by memes, not memos; by Facebook, not Foucault; by phone, not protest. Political participation is just a click away. Tweets are the new streets and online friends the new vanguard, as 140ism displaces Maoism. Cadres are created and destroyed via BlackBerry. Teens tease technocrats. Hackers undermine hierarchy. Leakers dowse the fire of spies and illuminate the shady world of diplomats. The endless iterations offered by digital reproduction and the immediate exchanges promised by the Internet have turned the world on its head. We are advised that the media in particular are being transformed. Tradition is rent asun- der. Newspapers are metaphorically tossed aside. What was once their fate in a literal sense (when we dispensed with print in poubelles) is now a figure of speech that refers to their financial decline. Journalists are recycled as public relations people, and readers become the new journalists. Cinema is irrelevant, TV is on the way out, gaming is the future, telephony is timeless, and the entire panoply of scholarship on the political economy of ownership and control is of archaeological interest at best. -
The Third Wave Governance: Revisit Alvin Toffler
THE THIRD WAVE GOVERNANCE: REVISIT ALVIN TOFFLER Prof. Akihiko Morita* Alvin Toffler, a prominent futurist, vividly depicts how democracy in the Third Wave civilization should look in his masterpiece, Third Wave.1 Published in 1980, the work highlights minority power, semi-direct democracy and decision division as the three main pillars of governance. By reflecting on Toffler’s crystal clear perspective of the age of digital technology, I examine and present the necessary conditions for a very plausible good governance system focused on the Asia Pacific region, where we are facing urgent needs to develop the post San Francisco system. The San Francisco System, created in the midst of the Korean War with emerging Communist China characterized as a bilateral-networks-based asymmetrical framework with US dominance, is a typical nation-state-based governance system of the Second Wave civilization. However, contemporary Asia Pacific, after half a century of relative stability under U.S.A. domination, is undergoing a fundamental transformation with horizontal and vertical power shifts, as highlighted by Paddy Ashdown in his TED talk in 2012.2 The San Francisco System, designed at the last stage of the Second Wave Civilization, does not match the digitalizing Asia Pacific and we need a new regional governance system. For this end, first, I present my proposition that the new governance system needs the more dynamic, collaborative and creative approach for addressing diversity of regulations, equality between stakeholders and inclusiveness of data regulation. Second, I reexamine the concept of state sovereignty following Jacques Maritain who refuted the very concept in 1951.