The Leveraging of Silicon Valley∗
The Leveraging of Silicon Valley∗ Jesse Davis, Adair Morse, Xinxin Wangy July 10, 2020 Abstract Early-stage firms utilize venture debt in one-third of financing rounds despite their general lack of cash flow and collateral. In our model, we show how venture debt aligns incentives within a firm. We derive a novel theoretical channel in which runway exten- sion through debt increases firm value while potentially lowering closure. Consistent with the model's mechanism, we find that dilution predicts venture debt issuance. Em- pirically, treatment with venture debt lowers closure hazard by 1.6-4.4% and increases successful exits by 4.3-5.3%. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest $41B, or 9.4% of invested capital, remains productive due to venture debt. JEL Classification: G24, G32, L26, O3 Keywords: venture debt, venture lending, early-stage financing, entrepreneurship, start- up capital structure, levered equity, runway extension, moral hazard, optimality of debt, innovation finance ∗We thank Greg Brown, Diane Denis (discussant), Mike Ewens, Paolo Fulghieri, Juanita Gonzalez-Uribe, Radha Gopalan (discussant), Will Gornall, Arpit Gupta, Yael Hochberg, Yunzhi Hu, Josh Lerner, William Mann (discussant), Erwan Morellec (discussant), Ramana Nanda, Manju Puri (discussant), David Robinson, Luke Stein (discussant), Rick Townsend (discussant), Daniel Wolfenzon (discussant), Dong Yan (discussant), Alminas Zaldokas (discussant), Wenrui Zhang (discussant), and seminar participants at the Private Mar- kets Research Conference, NYU WAPFIN Conference, UNC, UT Dallas Finance Conference, Duke I&E Research Symposium, BYU Red Rock Conference, NBER Entrepreneurship, Australasian Banking Confer- ence, NZFM Conference, MFA, Southern California PE Conference, Stanford-Berkeley Joint Seminar, Global Entrepreneurship and Innovation Research Conference (Darden), EFA, WFA for helpful comments.
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