Contents
About the Symposium ...... viii The Lowell Wakefield Symposium Series ...... x About This Proceedings ...... x Opening Comments ...... xi Sea Grant, the American Fisheries Society, and Essential Fish Habitat: A Developing Relationship ...... xiii
Keynote Address Taking the Next Step in Fisheries Management Richard J. Beamish and Conrad Mahnken ...... 1
Physical and Environmental Effects Climate Variation, Ecosystem Dynamics, and Fisheries Management in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Jeffrey J. Polovina and Wayne R. Haight ...... 23
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Covariation in Components of Recruitment of British Columbia and Alaska Sockeye Salmon Randall M. Peterman, Brian J. Pyper, Michael F. Lapointe, Milo D. Adkison, and Carl J. Walters ...... 33
Predictability of Returns of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to Bristol Bay, Alaska, 1-4 Years in the Future Milo D. Adkison and Randall M. Peterman ...... 37
Comparison of Methods for Detecting Climate-Induced Changes in Productivity of Pacific Salmon Stocks Randall M. Peterman, Jeff Grout, and Brian J. Pyper ...... 39
Influence of Physical Processes on the Early Life History Stages of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in Western Lake Erie Edward F. Roseman, William W. Taylor, Daniel B. Hayes, Robert C. Haas, David H. Davies, and Scudder D. Mackey ...... 43
Managing the Baltic Sea Cod (Gadus morhua): Stable Catches in an Unstable Environment Olle Hjerne and Sture Hansson ...... 57
iii Retrospective Projection Using Monte Carlo Simulation: An Application of a Length-Based Model to Kachemak Bay Pink Shrimp Caihong Fu, Terrance J. Quinn II, and Milo D. Adkison ...... 59
Variations in Abundance of Year Classes of Threadfin Hakeling (Laemonema longipes, Moridae) in the Northwestern Pacific Corresponding to Oceanographic Conditions Vadim P. Pavlychev and Andrew B. Savin ...... 79
Monitoring Changes in Oceanographic Forcing Using the Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Prince William Sound Pelagic Biota Thomas C. Kline Jr...... 87
Marine Survival of Puget Sound Coho Salmon: Deciphering the Climate Signal William D. Pinnix ...... 97
Species Interactions First-Year Energy Storage Patterns of Pacific Herring and Walleye Pollock: Insight into Competitor Strategies A.J. Paul and Judy M. Paul ...... 117
Feeding Behavior of Herring (Clupea pallasi) Associated with Zooplankton Availability in Prince William Sound, Alaska Robert J. Foy and Brenda L. Norcross ...... 129
Some Processes Affecting Mortality of Juvenile Fishes During the Spring Bloom in Prince William Sound, Alaska T. Mark Willette, Ted Cooney, and Karen Hyer ...... 137
Are Changes in Bering Sea Crab and Groundfish Populations Related? Gordon H. Kruse and Jie Zheng ...... 143
Optimum Control in a Predator-Prey Model Based on a Two-Species Exploited Ecosystem Tatiana Bulgakova ...... 149
Consumption and Harvest of Pelagic Fishes and Squids in the Gulf of Maine–Georges Bank Ecosystem William J. Overholtz, Jason S. Link, and Lynette E. Suslowicz ...... 163
Multispecies Interactions in the Georges Bank Fish Community Jeremy S. Collie and Allison K. DeLong ...... 187
iv Ecosystem Impacts of the KwaZulu-Natal Reef Fishery, South Africa: An Exploratory Model M. Verónica Toral-Granda, Coleen L. Moloney, Jean M. Harris, and Bruce Q. Mann ...... 211
Trophic Relationships of Commercial Fishes in the Pacific Waters off Southeastern Kamchatka and the Northern Kuril Islands Alexei M. Orlov ...... 231
Comparative Studies on Effects of Predation by Fish on Daphnia in Lake Donghu (China) and Loch Leven (Scotland) Yufeng Yang, Linda May, Iain Gunn, Xiangfei Huang, and Jiankang Liu ...... 265
Concepts and Tools for Management Managing the Ecosystem by Leverage Points: A Model for a Multispecies Fishery Nicholas Bax, Alan Williams, Stevie Davenport, and Cathy Bulman ...... 283
Sustainability: Empirical Examples and Management Implications Charles W. Fowler, Jason D. Baker, Kim E.W. Shelden, Paul R. Wade, Douglas P. DeMaster, and Roderick C. Hobbs ...... 305
Incorporating Ecosystem Considerations into Management of Bering Sea Groundfish Fisheries David Witherell ...... 315
Integrated Operational Rule Curves for Montana Reservoirs and Application for Other Columbia River Storage Projects Brian L. Marotz, Daniel Gustafson, Craig Althen, and Bill Lonon ...... 329
Utilizing Ecosystem Concepts in Fisheries Management Strategies Kristine D. Lynch, William W. Taylor, John M. Robertson, and Kelley D. Smith ...... 353
A Solution to the Conflict Between Maximizing Groundfish Yield and Maintaining Biodiversity Albert V. Tyler ...... 367
Anthropogenic Influences Canadian Marine Fisheries in a Changing and Uncertain World Randall M. Peterman ...... 387
A Report on Historical, Human-Induced Changes in Newfoundland’s Fisheries Ecosystem Melanie D. Power and Nathaniel Newlands ...... 391
v Human Effects on the Baltic Sea Ecosystem: Fishing and Eutrophication Sture Hansson ...... 405
Does Harvesting a Million Metric Tons of Sand Lance Per Year from the North Sea Threaten Seabird Populations? Robert W. Furness ...... 407
Criteria for Designing Ecosystem-Based, Experimental Management: Bottom Trawling and the Bering Sea Ecosystem Thomas A. Okey and Gretchen A. Harrington ...... 425
“Back to the Future”: A Method Employing Ecosystem Modeling to Maximize the Sustainable Benefits from Fisheries Tony J. Pitcher, Nigel Haggan, David Preikshot, and Daniel Pauly ...... 447
The Effect of Urbanization on Fish Community Structure in a Large Michigan Watershed Kurt R. Newman, Daniel B. Hayes, and William W. Taylor ...... 467
Will Reduced Discarding Help or Harm Seabird Populations? Robert W. Furness ...... 481
Mixed Stock Pollock and Herring Fishery in the Northern Sea of Okhotsk During 1997-1998 Vladimir Radchenko ...... 489
Habitat and Spatial Considerations Identifying Seasonal Spatial Scale for the Ecological Analysis of Herring and Other Forage Fish in Prince William Sound, Alaska Evelyn D. Brown, Jia Wang, Shari L. Vaughan, and Brenda L. Norcross ...... 499
Development of a Marine Habitat Protection Area in Bristol Bay, Alaska David Ackley and David Witherell ...... 511
Comparing Models of Trophic Flows in the Northern and Southern Benguela Upwelling Systems During the 1980s Lynne Jane Shannon and Astrid Jarre-Teichmann ...... 527
Modeling of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and Sardine (Sardinops sagax melanosticta) During the Annual Migration Cycle Mikhail V. Pavlychev, V.A. Belayev, E.Y. Frisman, and Vadim P. Pavlychev ..... 543
vi Whole Ecosystem Approaches (Re)Constructing Food Webs and Managing Fisheries Jason Link ...... 571
A Multivariate Approach to Monitoring Changes in Species Composition of a Demersal Fish Community Franz J. Mueter and Brenda L. Norcross ...... 589
OSMOSE: A Multispecies Individual-Based Model to Explore the Functional Role of Biodiversity in Marine Ecosystems Yunne-Jai Shin and Philippe Cury ...... 593
Ecosystem Considerations and the Limitations of Ecosystem Models in Fisheries Management: Insights from the Bering Sea Andrew W. Trites, Patricia A. Livingston, Marcello C. Vasconcellos, Steven Mackinson, Alan M. Springer, and Daniel Pauly ...... 609
A Mass-Balanced Model of Trophic Flows in Prince William Sound: Decompartmentalizing Ecosystem Knowledge Thomas A. Okey and Daniel Pauly ...... 621
Applying Ecosystem Management to Fisheries in the Strait of Georgia Richard J. Beamish and Gordon A. McFarlane ...... 637
Keystone Predators in the Central Pacific James F. Kitchell, Christofer H. Boggs, Xi He, and Carl J. Walters ...... 665
Ecosystem Modeling of Becharof Lake, a Sockeye Salmon Nursery Lake in Southwestern Alaska Ole A. Mathisen and Norma Jean Sands ...... 685
Bering Sea Ecosystem—A Call to Action: An Interagency Collaborative White Paper Steven Pennoyer, Frank Rue, and Deborah Williams ...... 705
Participants ...... 717 Index ...... 728
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