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DRUK Journal – Democracy in Bhutan – Spring 2018
Spring 2018 Volume 4, Issue 1 The Druk Journal འབྲུག་୲་䝴ས་䝺བ། ©2018 by The Druk Journal All rights reserved The views expressed in this publication are those of the contributors and not necessarily of The Druk Journal. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without permission from the publisher. ISSN 2411-6726 This publication is supported by DIPD and Open Society Foundations A Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy Publication PO Box 1662, Thimphu, Bhutan www.bcmd.bt/www.drukjournal.bt Printed at Kuensel Corporation Ltd., Thimphu, Bhutan Dzongkha title calligraphy: Yonten Phuntsho Follow us on Facebook and Twitter འབྲུག་୲་དམངས་གཙོ荲་宱་譲མ། Democratisation of Bhutan www.drukjournal.bt The Druk Journal འབྲུག་୲་䝴ས་䝺བ། Contents Introduction 1 Editorial 2 DEMOCRACY IN BHUTAN Political Parties in the 21st Century Bjørn Førde 3 Democracy in Bhutan Dr Brian C. Shaw 14 DEMOCRACY DECENTRALISed Dhar from the Throne : an Honour and a Responsibility Kinley Dorji, Tashi Pem 24 The Micro Effect of Democratisation in Rural Bhutan Tshering Eudon 28 The Thromde Elections – an Inadequate Constituency? Ugyen Penjore 38 POLITicS OF DEMOCRACY Socio-economic Status and Electoral Participation in Bhutan Kinley 46 National Interest Versus Party Interest: What Former Chimis Think of Parliamentary Discussions Tashi Dema 59 The Bhutanese Politicians Kesang Dema 66 Youth and Politics in an Evolving Democracy Siok Sian -
The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review
Health Sy Health Systems in Transition Vol. 7 No. 2 2017 s t ems in T r ansition Vol. 7 No. 2 2017 The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review The Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (the APO) is a collaborative partnership of interested governments, international agencies, The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review foundations, and researchers that promotes evidence-informed health systems policy regionally and in all countries in the Asia Pacific region. The APO collaboratively identifies priority health system issues across the Asia Pacific region; develops and synthesizes relevant research to support and inform countries' evidence-based policy development; and builds country and regional health systems research and evidence-informed policy capacity. ISBN-13 978 92 9022 584 3 Health Systems in Transition Vol. 7 No. 2 2017 The Kingdom of Bhutan Health System Review Written by: Sangay Thinley: Ex-Health Secretary, Ex-Director, WHO Pandup Tshering: Director General, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Health Kinzang Wangmo: Senior Planning Officer, Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health Namgay Wangchuk: Chief Human Resource Officer, Human Resource Division, Ministry of Health Tandin Dorji: Chief Programme Officer, Health Care and Diagnostic Division, Ministry of Health Tashi Tobgay: Director, Human Resource and Planning, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan Jayendra Sharma: Senior Planning Officer, Policy and Planning Division, Ministry of Health Edited by: Walaiporn Patcharanarumol: International Health Policy Program, Thailand Viroj Tangcharoensathien: International Health Policy Program, Thailand Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies i World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. The Kingdom of Bhutan health system review. -
Report on the Status of Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (DNT)
Report on the Status of Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa (DNT) Friday, May 16, 2014 Table of Contents BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................................... 2 SUB-COMMITTEE ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 WORKING STRATEGY .............................................................................................................................................. 3 COMPARATIVE STUDY ............................................................................................................................................ 3 REPORT OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE ...................................................................................................................... 3 CRITERIA ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 OBSERVATION AND FINDINGS .............................................................................................................................. 5 ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS BY THE PARTY ............................................................................................................. 7 ISSUES FROM THE AUDIT REPORT ON THE ACCOUNTS AND OPERATIONS ................................................. 9 GENERAL OBSERVATION ..................................................................................................................................... -
Political Highlights Economic Trend 2017 2018 2019* 2020^ 2021^ 2.4
Political Highlights Government type Constitutional monarchy Chief of state King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Head of government Prime Minister Lotay Tshering Elections/appointments The cabinet is nominated by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister and approved by the National Assembly. Next election for the National Council (upper council) and National Assembly (lower council) scheduled for 2023. Legal system Civil law Legislative branch Bicameral Parliament (25-seat National Council and 47-seat National Assembly) Major political parties Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa; Druk Phuensum Tshogpa; People's Democratic Party. Economic Trend Economic Indicators 2017 2018 2019* 2020^ 2021^ Nominal GDP (USD bn) 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 Real GDP growth (%) 6.3 3.7 5.3 2.7 2.9 GDP per capita (USD) 2,938 3,160 3,423 3,533 3,787 Inflation (%) 5.4 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.5 Current account balance (% of GDP) -23.6 -19.5 -23.1 -21.3 -20.2 General government debt (% of GDP) 108 102.4 108.6 105.7 101 * Estimate ^ Forecast Hong Kong Total Exports to Bhutan (HK$ mn) Hong Kong Total Exports to Bhutan Year Bolivia World (World) (Bhutan) 2010 6 3,031,019 4500000 35 2011 5 3,337,253 4000000 2012 10 3,434,346 30 2013 31 3,559,686 3500000 2014 10 3,672,751 25 2015 6 3,605,279 3000000 World 2016 8 3,588,247 2500000 20 2017 21 3,875,898 Bhutan (HK$ (HK$ mn) 2018 11 4,158,106 2000000 15 2019 30 3,988,685 1500000 10 1000000 5 500000 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Hong Kong Exports to Bhutan by Product Hong Kong Exports to Bhutan by Product (2019) (% share) -
Bhutan Country Report BTI 2018
BTI 2018 Country Report Bhutan This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2018. It covers the period from February 1, 2015 to January 31, 2017. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2018 Country Report — Bhutan. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2018. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2018 | Bhutan 3 Key Indicators Population M 0.8 HDI 0.607 GDP p.c., PPP $ 8744 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.3 HDI rank of 188 132 Gini Index 38.8 Life expectancy years 69.8 UN Education Index 0.504 Poverty3 % 14.5 Urban population % 39.4 Gender inequality2 0.477 Aid per capita $ 123.5 Sources (as of October 2017): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2017 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2016. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary The second national democratic election went smoothly in 2013 and confirmed Bhutan’s growing familiarity with and acceptance of democracy. -
Third Parliament of Bhutan First Session
THIRD PARLIAMENT OF BHUTAN FIRST SESSION Resolution No. 01 PROCEEDINGS AND RESOLUTION OF THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF BHUTAN (January 2 - 24, 2019) Speaker: Wangchuk Namgyel Table of Content 1. Opening Ceremony..............................................................................1 2. Question Hour: Group A- Questions to the Prime Minister, Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, and Ministry of Information and Communication..............................3 3. Endorsement of Committees and appointment of Committee Members......................................................................5 4. Report on the National Budget for the FY 2018-19...........................5 5. Report on the 12th Five Year Plan......................................................14 6. Question Hour: Group B- Questions to the Ministry of Works and Human Settlement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Agriculture and Forests................................21 7. Resolutions of the Deliberation on 12th Plan Report.........................21 8. Resolutions of the Local Government Petitions.................................28 9. Question Hour: Group C: Questions to the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and Ministry of Labour and Human Resources....................................................33 10. Resolutions on the Review Report by Economic and Finance Committee on the Budget of Financial Year 2018-2019........................................................................................36 11. Question Hour: Group D: Questions to the -
BUTÁN FICHA TÉCNICA -Actualizada Al 16 De Abril De 2020
BUTÁN FICHA TÉCNICA -Actualizada al 16 de abril de 2020- Nombre oficial: Reino de Bután. Capital: Timbu. Día Nacional: 17 de diciembre. Se celebra la coronación de Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck como primer rey heredero de Bután, en Punakha Dzong, en 1907. Población: 782,318 habitantes. Superficie Total: 38,394 Km². Límites territoriales: limita al norte Indicadores Sociales (2020) con la República Popular China, al este, al sur y al oeste con la India. • Esperanza de vida: 72.1 años. • Tasa de natalidad: 16.3 División administrativa: Se encuentra nacimientos/1,000 habitantes. organizado en 20 distritos. • Tasa de mortalidad: 6.3 muertes/ 1,000 habitantes. Idioma: dzongkha. Religión: budismo (74.7%), hinduismo (22.6%) y otros (2.7%). Moneda: ngultrum butanés. Fuente: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación de España, CIA Factbook “Bhutan”, y Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Guía del viajero. ESTRUCTURA DEL SISTEMA POLÍTICO Forma de Estado: es una Monarquía Constitucional Democrática. Poder Ejecutivo: El Jefe de Estado es el rey Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (desde diciembre de 2006). El primer ministro es Lotay Tshering (desde el 7 de noviembre de 2018). Poder Legislativo: está constituido por un Consejo Nacional integrado por 25 miembros, de los cuales 20 son elegidos de forma directa y 5 por el rey, ejercen su cargo por un periodo de cinco años. Su presidente es Tashi Dorji.1 La Asamblea Nacional está conformada por 47 miembros elegidos de forma directa, que ejercen su cargo por cinco años. Su presidente es Jigme Zangpo.2 Composición actual del Consejo Nacional Total 25 Mujeres 4 (16.00%) Hombres 21 (84%) Total 25 (100%) Fuente: elaboración propia con información de la página oficial del Consejo Nacional de Bután y la Unión Interparlamentaria. -
Bhutan Final Report National Assembly Elections 24 March 2008
BHUTAN FINAL REPORT National Assembly Elections, 24 March 2008 21 May 2008 EUROPEAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION This report was produced by the EU Election Observation Mission and presents the EU EOM’s findings on the 24 March 2008 National Assembly elections in Bhutan. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the European Commission and should not be relied upon as a statement of the Commission. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this report, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof. EU Election Observation Mission, Bhutan 2008 Final Report Final Report on the National Assembly Elections – 24 March 2008 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................. 3 II. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 6 III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND...................................................................................... 6 A: Political Context........................................................................................................ 6 B: Key Political Actors................................................................................................... 7 IV. IV. LEGAL ISSUES........................................................................................................ 7 A: Legal Framework...................................................................................................... -
Bhutanese Karate Team Ranked Third
JANUARY/2013 01 COVER STORY 26 Learning to love 54 Say You Love Work Me 10 FIVE YEARS ON: A REVIEW OF THE RULING PARTY 30 The Ultimate 58 Living with the Experience! Consequences of Teenage 34 Fiction The Raven’s Tshering Dorji provides an Pregnancy analysis of the DPT government, and postu- Revenge, by Karma lates on how its performance in the last five Singye Dorji years might impact the upcoming elections 65 Thumbs Up and in 2013 38 Social Me: To Be or Down Not To Be ? 40 Article A Moment For Self Reflection INTERVIEW 48 Legends Reflections on the Eternal Dragon 60 TÊTE Á TÊTE 49 Questioning the Quality of With Tshewang Tashi, who worked with Revenue Education and Customs 52 Restaurant Review MOST DISCUSSED 66 Experience e-Reader Vs a Book E-reader Vs Book TheThe Raven Raven OCTOBER,January, 2013 2012 1 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Sir/Madam, As president of the Hungarian Bhutan Friend- The articles carried by your magazine have been impressive and ship Society, I would love to receive electronic therefore, I have immense respect for your team. I hope you all copies of The Raven. Is it possible? If so, can will carry on your good work and soon start going indepth with the we distribute it to our members? stories. So far, The Raven doesn’t seem to be tilted to any political party and I hope it stays that way. I really liked the interview with my friend Karma Phuntsho. Karma Pem, businesswoman, Thimphu. Zoltan Valcsicsak. Got hold of the Raven, the latest one I guess, The Raven has been providing different views to various issues. -
Nepal, Bhutan and Their Neighbours Two Himalayan Countries Landlocked Between India and China
BRIEFING Nepal, Bhutan and their neighbours Two Himalayan countries landlocked between India and China SUMMARY Nepal and Bhutan are two poor landlocked Himalayan countries, sandwiched between a democracy and an authoritarian one-party state: India and China. After an authoritarian past, during the last decade, they have begun reforms in order to switch towards a democratic model. After a long and complicated path, Nepal succeeded in adopting a new constitution in 2015. Its first post-constitution government is run by an alliance of communist parties. In Bhutan, the king has successfully steered the country towards democratisation, as confirmed by the October 2018 general elections. While historically the two countries have nurtured solid relations with India, in recent years Beijing has expanded its footprint in the region considerably, challenging Delhi's traditional sphere of influence and increasing its sense of encirclement. In 2017 this led to a crisis referred to as the 'Doklam Plateau standoff'. There is currently a window of opportunity for Nepal and Bhutan to diversify their economic and security partnership and to rebalance their foreign policies between their two big neighbours. The EU has been supporting the two countries on their democratic journey and tripled resources for both countries' development for the 2014-2020 period. As they are among the world's poorest countries, Nepal and Bhutan benefit from the EU's 'Everything But Arms' scheme, which grants full duty free and quota free access to the EU single market for all -
Twelfth Five Year Plan 2018-2023
TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN 2018-2023 VOLUME I: MAIN DOCUMENT Twelfth Five Year Plan Document (Volume-I) © Gross National Happiness Commission (2019) Published by: Gross National Happiness Commission Royal Government of Bhutan Thimphu ISBN 978-99936-55-02-2 ISBN 978-99936-55-05-3 “Looking ahead, we have a new five-year plan, and a great number of responsibilities of national importance before us. We must work together in order to build an extraordinary, strong, secure, and peaceful future for Bhutan.” His Majesty The Druk Gyalpo 111th National Day, Samtse, 17th December, 2018 CONTENTS Tables and Figures vi Acronyms viii Foreword xii CHAPTER I: CURRENT SITUATION 1 1.1 Country Background 2 1.2 People 2 1.3 Economy 4 1.4 Health 5 1.5 Education 5 1.6 Environment 5 CHAPTER II: BHUTAN’S DEVELOPMENT JOURNEY 9 2.1 GNH- Bhutan’s Development Philosophy 10 2.2 Operationalisation of GNH 10 2.2.1 GNH Index 10 2.2.2 GNH Policy Screening Tool 10 2.2.3 GNH Index in Resource Allocation Formula 11 2.2.4 Other Applications 11 2.3 Key Development Milestones 11 2.4 Five Year Plans and the Sustainable Development Goals 20 2.5 Bhutan’s Graduation from Least Developed Countries 22 CHAPTER III: 12 TH FIVE YEAR PLAN 25 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 12th Five Year Plan Objective 26 3.3 Strategic Framework 27 3.4 Flagship Programmes 27 3.5 The Division of Responsibilities Framework (DoRF) 28 3.6 National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) 29 NKRA 1: Macroeconomic stability 32 NKRA 2: Economic diversification 37 NKRA 3: Reducing poverty and inequality 44 NKRA 4: Preservation of culture -
DRUK NYAMRUP TSHOGPA Ii
MANIFESTO 2013 : DRUK NYAMRUP TSHOGPA ii MANIFESTO 2013 : DRUK NYAMRUP TSHOGPA iii NEW TIMES, NEW IDEAS. PPeople’seople’s GGovernmentovernment ...must be in the hands of the people! MANIFESTO 2013 : DRUK NYAMRUP TSHOGPA iv Foreword by the PRESIDENT e, the Bhutanese are once more on the threshold of exercising our fundamental rights of shaping the Wdestiny of this nation, our motherland. This choice that we make will either set ablaze the ideals of democracy that we so deeply treasure. This historic hour summons DNT to rise up and answer to the call and the yearning of the Bhutanese citizens for a country that is united in peace and harmony; a government that is strong, stable and trust worthy; an economy that is progressive and sustainable; a society that prioritises happiness and bear responsibility for the elderly and the vulnerable; and a party that connects with people and bridges the gaping disparities between the rich and the downtrodden. Our kings have consolidated our sovereignty, strengthened our institutions and prepared us for the future. With democracy, all that we have witnessed in the last fi ve years was a chain of uneventful happenings: the collapse of our economy; failures and losses in opportunities; escalation in corruption and nepotism; gaping holes and disastrous fl aws in policies, of which rupee shortage and credit crunch stands as just one example. This has slackened businesses and put household plans to a standstill. Thus, 2013 beckons the Bhutanese for a greater responsibility and a fuller participation towards making a wiser choice & we must rise up and let our voices ring loud and clear to usher in change.