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Trace Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation, Sanfranciscana Basin, Central Brazil

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Trace Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation, Sanfranciscana Basin, Central Brazil Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (2020), vol. 90: 247 – 260 doi: https://doi.org/10.14241/asgp.2020.15 TRACE FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS CAPACETE FORMATION, SANFRANCISCANA BASIN, CENTRAL BRAZIL Daniel SEDORKO ¹ *, Luciano ALESSANDRETTI ¹, Lucas Veríssimo WARREN ², Mariano VERDE ³, Caio César RANGEL ¹, Kimberly Silva RAMOS 4 & Renata Guimarães NETTO 4 ¹ Institute of Geography, Federal University of Uberlândia, LMG-746 Km 1, CEP 38500-000, Campus Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ² Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University, Avenida 24-A, Bela Vista, 178, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] ³ Paleontology Department, Sciences Faculty, University of the Republic, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Geology Graduate Program, Unisinos University, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] *Corresponding author Sedorko, D., Alessandretti, L., Warren, L. V., Verde, M., Rangel, C. C., Ramos, K. S. & Netto, R. G., 2020. Trace fossils from the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation, Sanfranciscana Basin, Central Brazil. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 90: 247 – 260. Abstract: The Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation, from the intracratonic Sanfranciscana Basin, central Brazil, consists of epiclastic sediments with a significant aeolian contribution. This unit has been traditionally interpreted as deposited by alluvial fans distally grading to braided rivers in an arid- to semiarid climate within the central part of southwestern Gondwana. Locally, some expositions with wide lateral extension show architectural ele- ments indicative of deposition in meandering rivers, such as floodplain fines (FF) interbedded with crevasse splay (CR), lateral-accretion macroforms (LA), and channels (CH). Bioturbation within the meandering fluvial deposits is commonly associated with the floodplain element, mainly occurring in fine-grained sandstone and mudstone. The lateral-accretion elements and channel deposits are barren of trace fossils. Sandstone with climbing ripples (Sr) from the element CR show low bioturbation of meniscate trace fossils assigned to Taenidium, Beaconites, and Scoyenia ichnogenera. Simple vertical and horizontal burrows identified asSkolithos and Palaeophycus occur associated with Taenidium and Camborygma in sandstone facies (Sr, St and Sh), as well as rhizoliths, representing the Scoyenia ichnofacies. The predominance of trace fossils related to the FF and CR architectural elements attests to the colonization mostly by insects in episodic and vegetated flood plains of the meandering river system from the Capacete Formation. Thus, despite the primarily arid to semiarid conditions interpreted for the inner parts of the newly formed South American continent during the Upper Cretaceous, our new data support deposition under humid conditions in some intervals of the Capacete Formation from the Sanfranciscana Basin. Key words: Meandering fluvial system, insects, continental trace fossils,Scoyenia ichnofacies. Manuscript received 16 May 2020, accepted 18 September 2020 INTRODUCTION The Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation is an exclu- The deposition under semiarid to arid conditions is ground- sively continental unit deposited by the reworking of the co- ed on the putative predominance of gravitationally-driven eval volcanic rocks from the Santonian–Campanian Patos debris flows and aeolian processes, and the apparent absence Formation (83.6 ± 1.4 Ma, Gibson et al., 1995). This unit is of a paleontological record (fossils and ichnofossils, Campos classically interpreted as deposited in distal alluvial fans that and Dardenne, 1997a). grade to braided fluvial systems, with a substantial contribu- Thus, studies regarding trace fossils from the Sanfran- tion of aeolian sediments (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a). ciscana Basin are also rare and limited to a few records of 248 D. SEDORKO ET AL. vertebrate tracks (e.g., Carvalho and Kattah, 1998, Mescolotti by regional-scale unconformities (Campos and Dardenne, et al., 2019) and brief descriptions of invertebrate trace fos- 1997b; Fig. 2). The Late Carboniferous and Permian sedi- sil (Taenidium in the Três Barras Formation of the under- mentary succession includes the Floresta and Tabuleiro for- lying Areado Group, Mescolotti et al., 2019). Considering mations from the Santa Fé Group (Campos and Dardenne, the scarce palaeoichnological and sedimentological studies 1997a). These units are unconformably covered by Lower focusing on the Capacete Formation, this manuscript aims Cretaceous continental successions from the Areado Group to: (1) record the first occurrence of invertebrate trace fossils (see Fig. 1C; Campos and Dardenne, 1997a; Mescolotti et al., in this unit; (2) apply the study of the trace fossil assemblage 2019). Finally, the Areado Group is succeeded by Upper as an auxiliary tool for the environmental reconstitution of Cretaceous units, represented by the Urucuia and Mata da continental successions; and (3) contribute to the palaeocli- Corda groups (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a; Fig. 2). matic reconstitution of the inner part of the newly formed The Mata da Corda Group (object of this study) was South American continent. exclusively deposited in the southern Abaeté Sub-basin and comprises the coeval Patos and Capacete formations GEOLOGICAL SETTING (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a). The Patos Formation is mainly composed of mafic to ultramafic alkaline lavas and The central part of the South American Platform (Almeida, pyroclastic rocks (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a; Sgarbi, 1967) comprises Archean to Mesoproterozoic cratonic ter- 2000; Sgarbi and Gaspar, 2002; Karfunkel et al., 2014). ranes surrounded by Neoproterozoic mobile belts, and both Radiometric K-Ar dating performed on phlogopite crys- are covered by Palaeozoic and Mesozoic nonmarine deposits tals from a lava flow overlying sandstone of the Areado of intracontinental basins (Riccomini et al., 2005). Following Group provided an age of 83.6 ± 1.4 Ma (Gibson et al., 1995). the continental breakup of Gondwana, the inner parts of the The Capacete Formation has a maximum thickness of 150 m South American Platform underwent critical tectonic and (Sgarbi, 2000) and consists of epiclastic conglomerate and magmatic events related to the opening of the South Atlantic sandstone containing abundant volcanic lithoclasts recycled Ocean and influence of the Trindade Mantle Plume below from the Patos Formation (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a). its continental crust (Gibson et al., 1995; Thompson et al., The Capacete Formation is interpreted as deposited by distal 1998). The extensive couplet tectonic uplift and magmat- alluvial fans grading to braided rivers under arid to semiarid ic activity promoted the creation of regional topographic climate conditions, and locally, this unit presents a signifi- highs that deeply influenced the sedimentation and climatic cant contribution of frosted quartz grains of aeolian origin regimes of the surrounding areas (Campos and Dardenne, (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a). 1997b; Mescolotti et al., 2019). From the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, recurrent reactivations of regional structures MATERIALS AND METHODS along the Neoproterozoic Brasília Fold Belt, nearby the southwestern border of the São Francisco Craton, devel- The description and analysis of sedimentary facies, con- oped a positive tectonic feature named Alto Paranaíba High sidering geometry, texture, composition, primary sedi- (Hasui et al., 1975), which acted as a barrier separating the mentary structures, and trace fossil content, followed the coeval and active Bauru and Sanfranciscana basins (Campos protocol of Miall (1996). Trace fossils were prospected and Dardenne, 1997b; Riccomini et al., 2005; Figs 1, 2). This in all stratigraphic horizons, and their descriptions were topographic high was also affected by a regional magmatic based on the ichnotaxobases proposed by Bromley (1996). event during the Late Cretaceous, being intruded by alkaline The quantification of the bioturbation followed the visual mafic- and ultramafic rocks from the Patos Formation (Mata scale (no quantitative analysis was performed) as proposed da Corda Group, Gibson et al., 1995). The emplacement of by Reineck (1963). The most representative samples were plutonic complexes and hypabyssal intrusions, followed by collected, polished, and analyzed in the Laboratório de extrusion of lavas and tuffs related to effusive and pyroclas- Paleontologia Estratigráfica (housed in the paleontological tic magmatism (Campos and Dardenne, 1997a), influenced collection under codes M 0045 to M 0055) from the Institute the configuration of the Alto Paranaíba High and the depo- of Geography, Uberlândia Federal University. sitional architecture in the surrounding basins. In general, the Sanfranciscana Basin has its major axis oriented along RESULTS AND DISCUSSION N–S direction, occupying approximately 150.000 km2 in central Brazil, corresponding to the subsiding area located Sedimentary facies and depositional settings to the northeast of the Alto Paranaíba High, and is divided in the Abaeté and Urucuia sub-basins (Figs 1A, 2). The sedimentary succession of the Capacete Formation was described in two distinct outcrops in the vicinities of the Stratigraphy of the Sanfranciscana Basin Coromandel town, western Minas Gerais State, Brazil (see Table 1 and Figs 1B, 3). Outcrop 1 has
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