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Urinary System and Name ______Pd_____Date______

Urine Production

❛❛The three processes critical to the formation of urine are , , and secretion.❜❜ Match these terms with the correct statement or definition Filtration, Tubular secretion, Tubular reabsorption

______1. Movement of plasma through the filtration membrane of the . ______2. Movement of substances from the filtrate back into the of the peritubular capillaries. ______3. Transport of substances, usually products, into the filtrate.

Using the terms provided, complete these statements: Blood cells and , Filtration pressure, Bowman’s capsule, Increases, Decreases, , Filtration membrane

______1. The filtration membrane allows some substances, but not others, to pass from the blood ______2. into(1) (2) and small solutes readily pass through the filtration membrane, but (3) do not enter ______3.Bowman’s capsule. The formation of filtrate depends on a pressure difference called (4), which ______4. forces fluid from the glomerular capillaries, through the (5) into Bowman's capsule. When ______5. filtration pressure increases, the volume of the filtrate (6) , and the urine volume (7) . The ______6. filtration pressure is influenced by several factors. If the blood pressure in the glomerular ______7. capillaries increases, then filtration pressure (8) . Filtration pressure (9) when strong ______8. sympathetic stimulation produces constriction of renal blood vessels during excitement, ______9. vigorous physical activity, or emergencies. Also, decreases in the concentration of plasma ______10. (10) the filtration pressure..

Match these parts of the with the correct function or description: Ascending limb, Distal tubule, Collecting duct, Proximal tubule, Descending limb

______1. Sixty-five percent of filtrate is reabsorbed here; proteins, sugars and ions are transported out of the tubule to the peritubular capillaries, and water follows by osmosis. ______2. Functions to concentrate the filtrate by removing water and adding solutes; 15 percent of filtrate volume is removed. ______3. Functions to dilute the filtrate by removing sodium and chloride ions; not permeable to water. ______4. Sodium ions and chloride ions are removed from the filtrate, and water follows by osmosis; 19 percent of the filtrate volume is removed, leaving only 1 percent of original volume.

Urine Movement

❛❛The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching of the bladder wall.❜❜ Using the terms provided, complete these statements: Contract Relax, Higher brain centers Spinal cord, Irritation Stretch receptors, Parasympathetic Sympathetic

______1. As the bladder fills with urine, (1) in the wall of the bladder are stimulated. Action potentials ______2. travel to the (2) through the pelvic nerves, where integration of the reflex occurs. Action ______3. potentials then travel through (3) fibers back to the . Parasympathetic ______4. action potentials cause the urinary bladder to (4) and the internal urinary sphincter to (5) . Also ______5. because of the micturition reflex, action potentials to the external urinary sphincter decrease, ______6. which causes the sphincter to (6) . (7) can prevent or facilitate the micturition reflex by sending ______7. action potentials through the spinal cord to influence the intensity of the autonomic reflex and ______8. stimulate or inhibit the external urinary sphincter. Stretch of the urinary bladder also sends ______9. action potentials through afferent fibers to the brain, causing awareness of the need to urinate. ______10. (8) of the urinary bladder or can also initiate the urge to urinate.

Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

❛❛The mechanisms that regulate body pH are critical for survival.❜❜ Match these terms with the correct statement or definition: Bicarbonate buffer system, Protein buffer system, Phosphate buffer system ______1. Two that combine with the largest numbers of hydrogen ions. ______2. Amino acid side chains function as weak acids or weak bases. ______3. Can be regulated by the respiratory and urinary systems.

Urine Movement

❛❛The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching of the bladder wall.❜❜ Using the terms provided, complete these statements: Contract Relax, Higher brain centers, Spinal cord, Irritation, Stretch receptors, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic

______1. As the bladder fills with urine, (1) in the wall of the bladder are stimulated. Action potentials ______2. travel to the (2) through the pelvic nerves, where integration of the reflex occurs. Action ______3. potentials then travel through (3) fibers back to the urinary bladder. Parasympathetic action ______4. potentials cause the urinary bladder to (4) and the internal urinary sphincter to (5) . Also ______5. because of the micturition reflex, action potentials to the external urinary sphincter decrease, ______6. which causes the sphincter to (6) . (7) can prevent or facilitate the micturition reflex by sending ______7. action potentials through the spinal cord to influence the intensity of the autonomic reflex and ______8. stimulate or inhibit the external urinary sphincter. Stretch of the urinary bladder also sends action potentials through afferent fibers to the brain, causing awareness of the need to urinate. (8) of the urinary bladder or urethra can also initiate the urge to urinate.

Regulation of Urine Concentration and Volume

❛❛The volume and composition of urine changes, depending on conditions in the body.❜❜ Using the terms provided, complete these statements: Concentrated Increases, Dilute Large, Decreases Small

______1. If body fluid concentration increases above normal levels, the kidneys produce a (1) amount of ______2. (2) urine, which eliminates solutes and conserves water. This helps to return the body fluid ______3. concentration to normal. If body fluid concentration decreases, the kidneys produce a (3) ______4. amount of (4) urine. As a result, water is lost and solutes conserved, and body fluid ______5. concentration increases. Urine production also maintains blood volume and therefore blood ______6. pressure. When blood volume increases above normal, the kidneys produce a (5) amount of ______7. (6) urine. The loss of water (7) blood volume and also (8) blood pressure.

Match these terms with the correct statement or definition: Ascending limb, , Bowman's capsule, Nephron, Collecting duct, , Descending limb, Renal corpuscle Filtration membrane ______1. Functional unit of the . ______2. Duct into which the distal tubule empties. ______3. Enlarged end of nephron; Bowman's capsule and glomerulus. ______4. Tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule. ______5. Specialized cells that surround the glomerulus and form the inner layer of Bowman's capsule. ______6. Composed of glomerular capillary walls, podocytes, and the basement membrane between them. ______7. Part of Henle’s loop; very permeable to water and solutes.

Place these vessels in the correct sequence that blood would pass through them, from abdominal aorta to renal veins. Arcuate artery, Interlobar artery, Afferent arteriole, Interlobular artery, , Peritubular capillaries, Glomerular capillaries, Renal artery

1. Abdominal aorta 5. ______9. ______2. ______6. ______10. Renal veins 3. ______7. ______4. ______8. ______

Urine Production

❛❛The three processes critical to the formation of urine are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.❜❜ Match these terms with the correct statement or definition: Filtration, Tubular secretion, Tubular reabsorption ______1. Movement of plasma through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle. ______2. Movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries. ______3. Transport of substances, usually waste products, into the filtrate. C. Match these terms with the correct parts labeled in figure 18.1: Renal calyx, Renal capsule, Renal cortex, , , Renal pyramid,

______1 ______2 ______3 ______4 ______5 ______6 ______7

Match these terms with the correct parts labeled in figure 18.2: Collecting duct, Distal tubule, , Proximal tubule, Renal corpuscle

______1 ______2 ______3 ______4 ______5