The History of IACAPAP

The International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions

Kari Schleimer, MD, PhD

Spring 2012

1 CONTENTS

Foreword ...... 5

Foundation/Early times ...... 7

Aims of the Association ...... 9

Membership ...... 9

The Executive Committee ...... 10

Constitution ...... 15

Congresses ...... 17

Acta Paedopsychiatrica ...... 28

Publications ...... 29

Study groups ...... 32

Development of educational programmes ...... 36

Awards...... 39

Related links ...... 40

Permanent Secretariat and the Archives ...... 42

Closing remarks ...... 43

Acknowledgements ...... 44

References ...... 45

Appendix ...... 45 © Kari Schleimer 2012 Graphic design by Andy Dahlström, JustNu Lund

2 3 foreword

or many years I have thought of writing the Already in 1958, Hermann Stutte from Germany history of our Association. In my capacity as in a letter to Moritz Tramer in Switzerland ex- Archivist with access to all assembled data pressed his regret that there existed no history Fand collected documents, not least the minutes of child psychiatry. He was of the opinion that of meetings of the Executive Committee and the “such a history would benefit the reputation and General Assembly (though missing quite a lot of the good name of our specialty”. Eventually this information before 1975), no one else would have was put right in the book “Geschichte der Kin- had a better chance to do so. An international or- der- und Jugendpsychiatrie in Deutschland in ganization such as The International Association den Jahren 1937 bis 1961”, written by Rolf Castell for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied et al. in 2003 (1). I mention this book because it Professions, like all large organizations, should is where I have found information about the ear- be aware of its history for better accomplish- liest times of our Association (not available in our ment, decision-making and effective function. A own files in the Archives). written history of the Association will certainly promote the standing of our discipline amongst According to previous minutes of the Executive others in medicine and especially in psychiatry. Committee, the writing of the history of the As- As our former president Donald Cohen put it in sociation was discussed and planned several ti- 1993 “Child psychiatry is under so much threat mes over the years but only once realized in a from various directions that a historical perspec- shorter version by Caplan, Jensen and Lebovici in tive might help give us a sense of momentum”. 1985 and 1986 (2, 3), published again in the IA- CAPAP Newsletter in 1994 (4).

4 5 foundation / early times de neuropsychiatrie infantile” in Paris, organized and chaired the first congress in Paris in 1937, of- n 1935 a group of European child psychia- ficially called the First International Conference trists started off to establish and expand of Child Psychiatry; Moritz Tramer (Switzerland) contacts between psychiatrists working in was also involved in the organization. Delegates Ithe new medical field of child psychiatry. These from 26 countries, mostly European, took part. pioneers were: Georges Heuyer (France), Moritz Tramer (Switzerland), Hermann Stutte (Germa- Heuyer was subsequently appointed to the first ny), Carlos de Sanctis (Italy), Nic Waal (Norway) European chair of child psychiatry in 1948 in and Emanuel Miller (UK). Paris. (World-wide, the first chair of child psy- chiatry was held by Lanfranco Ciampi in Rosario, Argentina, in 1920!)

Ten years and a World War later, the second inter- national congress took place in London in 1948. At this meeting the International Committee was renamed The International Association for Child Psychiatry (IACP). Representatives from 30 national societies took part. It was decided all countries were to have access to IACP, however a Credentials Committee was set up to verify the Georges Heuyer Moritz Tramer qualifications of each applicant. Eventually, after several years of debate, it was accepted that each What we call IACAPAP today started in 1937 as country would decide the constitution of its re- The International Committee for Child Psychia- presentative society in accordance with its domi- try. This committee aimed to organize a scientific nant values and professional ideology. Thus the congress and to promote and support the scienti- International Association came to consist of a fic approach to the mentally ill child. A “Bureau consortium of heterogeneous national societies, du Comité International” consisting of three pre- some strictly medical and some with a multidis- sidents – past, current and elect - was instituted ciplinary membership. as well as a “Comité executif”, the latter with 12 members besides the president and the secretary. The name of the Association was changed again Georges Heuyer, head of the ”Clinique annexe during the Lisbon congress in 1958, this time to

6 7 The International Association for Child Psychia- Israel (1966) and from Oceania Rickards, Austra- aims of the association seminars for young scientists and since 2004 the try and Allied Professions (IACP&AP). Not un- lia (1970). Today all parts of the world are repre- Donald J.Cohen Fellowship Programme have til the 9th Congress in 1978 in Melbourne, Aus- sented in the Executive Committee of IACAPAP, f networking with like-minded professionals broadened the services offered by IACAPAP to tralia, were adolescents incorporated into today’s reflecting the global distribution of its member was the initial driving force for the Associa- mental health professionals. Publications such as official name: The International Association organizations. tion, the emphasis soon evolved into its cur- the Bulletin, the IACAPAP book series and De- for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Al- Irent objectives, namely: clarations complete the picture. The IACAPAP lied Professions (IACAPAP). There was disquiet In 1954 the Association was officially designated “To advocate for the promotion of mental health website www.iacapap.org is the portal to access about changing the name of the Association and in Massachusetts, USA, as a tax-exempt organiza- and development of children and adolescents much of this material. concerns about a possible splitting of our discipli- tion. Currently IACAPAP is registered in Geneva, through policy, practice and research. To pro- ne – a threat reinforced years later, when separate Switzerland, as a non-government organization mote the study, treatment, care and prevention of international organizations for adolescent psy- (NGO), structured as a corporation and empo- mental and emotional disorders and disabilities membership chiatry (the International Society of Adolescent wered as a juridical entity according to articles 60 involving children, adolescents and their fami- Psychiatry, ISAP in 1984, now the International ss of the Swiss Civil Code and the Constitution lies through collaboration among the professions he Association was founded by psychia- Society of Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology of IACAPAP. It is the international professional of child and adolescent psychiatry, psychology, trists. Initially membership was open only or ISAPP) and infant psychiatry (the World As- body that serves as an umbrella organization for social work, paediatrics, public health, nursing, to members of the medical profession sociation for Infant Psychiatry and Allied Disci- child and adolescent mental health associations education, social sciences and other relevant dis- Tworking with children. However, from early on, plines, WAIPAD in 1992, now the World Asso- throughout the world. It is an advocate for trou- ciplines”. attendance to meetings was also open to non- ciation for Infant Mental Health, WAIMH) were bled children and their families. medical professionals working in the field. created. To achieve these aims one of the main activities of IACAPAP has been to organize international Membership of the Association was a much dis- Thus, the movement towards international child congresses for its members to meet with collea- cussed topic at the Assembly in 1948. As a re- psychiatry began in Europe amongst medical gues, to learn from each other and to promote sult those working in allied professions such as specialists in child psychiatry. However, with the ethical child and adolescent mental health servi- clinical psychologists, child psychoanalysts and migration of child mental health professionals to ces and practices. From the beginning, the Con- psychotherapists, psychiatric social workers and the United States before and during the Second stitution stipulated that congresses were to be others engaged in the psychiatric treatment of World War, North America also became involved held every four years but in 2008 a decision was children were invited to participate in meetings at early stages of the international association. taken that the Association shall organize a world of the Association – though they were not initi- From the 1970s professionals from other parts of congress every two to four years, circumstances ally admitted as members. Eventually eligibility the world began to be elected to the Executive of permitting. In addition to this, regional conferen- for membership came to include registered medi- IACAPAP: from South America Krynski (1970) ces devoted to specific topics have been organi- cal practitioners with psychiatric qualifications and Prego-Silva (1974), from Africa Thebaud zed regularly over the years. During the last de- or training but also non-medical professionals (1974) and Jegede, Nigeria (1978), from Asia Ma- cades, activities such as study groups (seminars) technically qualified to work in child guidance kita, Japan (1974), from the Middle East Marcus, in low income countries, international research clinics and institutions or who were engaged in

8 9 the psychiatric treatment of children, thus inclu- More than one national organization can be con- cio was instituted in 1954. From 1978 and to the When reading the files of IACAPAP over the ding psychologists, psychotherapists and social sidered for membership from one and the same present day there have been six vice presidents years two names stand out: workers. The interdisciplinary nature of the As- country. However, it was decided that any such and three assistant secretaries-general. sociation was stressed from the beginning, but country could not exceed 15% of all members Gerald Caplan: the current multi-disciplinary membership took with a voting right at assemblies. Currently, the Within the EC, a Bureau consisting of the Pre- Gerald Caplan, MD (1917 - 2008) was born in the some years to develop! wording of the constitution regarding this issue sident, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer and UK and after his training in London moved to a has been changed to the effect, that no country the Immediate Past-President manages the day- professorship at Harvard in the United States. La- The main members of IACAPAP , but for the very will have more than one vote. National member to-day affairs, the main issues and projects. ter on, in 1977 he moved to Israel. G Caplan was beginning, have been national bodies involved in organizations from that country will have to sha- one of the founding members of the Association child and adolescent psychiatry. However, each re this vote. This is the list of Presidents from 1937, in 1945 and he served as an officer on the Execu- country was free to determine which professions elected at General Assemblies: tive Committee for about 25 years: as secretary- should be included in its own organization. The Today the Association has 58 full members from (1935 Georges Heuyer, France) general one term and as treasurer for five terms. category of associate (individual) members was all continents and is steadily continuing to reach 1937 Paul Schröder, Germany In 1970 at the congress that took place in Jeru- established in 1954. These individual members, out to countries where our membership is either 1945 John R. Rees, UK salem he was appointed Honorary President. He both child psychiatrists and other professionals, thin or non-existent. 1948 Frederik H. Allen, USA had worked for the Association from its start and were quite numerous at early stages despite their 1954 Jenny Aubry, France – had made a major contribution to its transforma- mostly simultaneous membership of their natio- succeeded by Victor Fontes, Portugal tion into an international and multidisciplinary nal organizations and this was probably led by a THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1958 Arn van Krevelen, Netherlands body and to ensuring its high standards. He had wish to be more closely connected with the As- 1962 John Bowlby, UK established contact with important foundations, sociation. Today individual membership is only fficers of the Executive Committee (EC) 1966 Serge Lebovici, France especially the William T. Grant Foundation, for individuals coming from countries where serve as individuals and do not represent 1970 E. James Anthony, USA which awarded the Association a total of 158.000 there is no national organization of child psychia- their country nor their national member 1974 Albert J. Solnit, USA USD over a 25-year period to support the mee- try. Possible difficulties are here obvious in that Oassociation. They serve over a period of four years 1978 Lionel Hersov, UK tings of the Study Group (see below) - and the the individual child psychiatrist is dependent on between General Assemblies. 1982 Colette Chiland, France Field Foundation, which over a period of 16 years the willingness of his/her national organization 1986 Reimer Jensen, Denmark made it possible for International Study Groups to disseminate information related to IACAPAP. From the start the EC was composed of the pre- 1990 Irving Philips, USA – to meet in-between the international congres- In addition to individual members, other organi- sident, the secretary-general, the treasurer, one or succeeded by Donald Cohen, USA ses of IACAPAP. To honour Gerald Caplan, the zations, working in our field of interest but not two vice presidents and one assistant secretary- 1994 Donald Cohen, USA Grant Foundation made funding available to representing a country nor an individual child general. From 1948, with the Association known 1998 Helmut Remschmidt, Germany make it possible to invite “an outstanding ex- psychiatrist, are welcome to be affiliated members by its first official name of IACP, the EC was larger 2004 Myron L. Belfer, USA pert within child psychiatry to lecture during the and likewise to get all our information. with five vice presidents (including the past-pre- 2006 Per-Anders Rydelius, Sweden first part of future congresses” - usually a senior sident) and one assistant secretary-general. The 2010 Olayinka Omigbodun, Nigeria member of the Executive Committee, often the position of an Immediate Past-President ex offi- past president - and give the “The Gerald Caplan

10 11 Lecture”. Even though the Grant Foundation does 1998 Colette Chiland: EC to meet different tasks and a perceived need not support this lecture any more, the practice of Stockholm The Association’s Bulletin number 17 was a very for diversification in terms of gender and profes- delivering it goes on! Michele Maury special issue to honour Colette Chiland, who for sion. Donald Cohen formally created two new EC “The application of psycho-analytic theory supporting more than 30 years has held positions on the IA- member categories, individuals to be appointed children at medical risk” The Caplan Lectures have been given regularly CAPAP Executive Committee. C Chiland was by the President: adjunct secretaries and counsel- since 1974 as follows: 2004 trained as a child psychiatrist, psychologist and lors. At the EC-meeting of July 1994, prior to the Berlin psychoanalyst. Her predominant international General Assembly in San Francisco, he propo- 1974 Colette Chiland activities have been connected to our Associa- sed “within a new thinking of an administrative Philadelphia “What about girls?” tion, where she started as vice president in 1974, core….to enhance better communication with all Serge Lebovici was then elected president in 1982 and organized countries through more active persons. These ap- “Children’s clinic in the community” 2006 Melbourne the 11th world congress in Paris in 1986 –and is pointed administrators should be invited to the 1978 Helmut Remschmidt doing so again in 2012. In 2002 she was elected meetings of the Executive Committee”. This led to Melbourne “Treatment evaluation in child and adolescent psychiatry” Honorary President of our Association. In 1973 the appointment of three adjunct secretaries and James Anthony she started to work as co-editor of the IACAPAP two counsellors. In 1998, following an animated “Sexual revolution and changing family patterns” 2008 Istanbul books and took over as editor-in-chief around discussion within the EC about the implementa- 1982 Myron Belfer 1990 until 1994. She is still going strong within tion of these new positions and the appointment Dublin “Challenges in global mental health” the EC of IACAPAP, and she is a member of a of five counsellors, Donald Cohen emphasized Albert Solnit current ad hoc Constitution revision group. the need to increase the diversity of the EC in “The creative response to disaster” 2010 order to “make up for the uneven distribution of Beijing The EC’s structure looked pretty much the same profession and gender” (the nominating commit- 1986 Per-Anders Rydelius Paris “Child and adolescent psychiatry: current status and deve- during the period 1978 to 1994, with the Bureau tee had not adhered to this constitutional aspira- Lionel Hersov lopmental challenges” (President, Secretary-General and Treasurer), six tion). The ensuing recommendation by the EC “The state of the art, retrospect and prospect” Vice Presidents and three Assistant Secretaries- was that “the new Bureau over the next years ap- General; - altogether 12 elected officers plus the point to the EC two women who would not be 1990 Immediate Past President ex officio. (See appen- child psychiatrists”. In 1999 two female psycholo- Kyoto Colette Chiland dix: Table of officers, elected at General Assemb- gists were appointed, one attended the EC twice, “What children do with what has been done to them” lies). the other not at all. Then both withdrew from the EC within a couple of years for different reasons. 1994 Then, in 1994, the composition of the EC was Their appointments were never taken to the Ge- San Francisco changed to include additional secretaries and neral Assembly for approval. David A. Hamburg “The earth is not flat: learning to accommodate human di- counsellors appointed by the President. The de- versity” mands on IACAPAP internationally and regio- From 1994 to 2010 there were three to eight non- nally were seen to require some expansion of the elected “adjunct secretaries” in addition to two Gerald Caplan Colette Chiland

12 13 to five “counsellors” appointed by the Presi- CONSTITUTION bership besides full membership and to vary dent to join the EC-meetings. This made the membership fees according to these categories Executive too large, expensive and difficult e can assume there must have been (1967) to manage. Therefore a decision was made some regulations for the Internatio- • to admit other professional groups as mem- to keep to the original regulations again nal Committee for Child Psychiatry bers. The groups of full, affiliate and associate without any additionally appointed officers. Wto follow in 1937, but no copies have survived. members were instituted (1970) This was put into effect by the Nominating In 1948 when the IACP was founded, there must • to incorporate adolescents into the name of the Committee with the elections at the Gene- similarly have been a written constitution – but Association and to increase the number of vice ral Assembly in Beijing in 2010, where the again no copy has survived. The oldest by-laws to presidents from six to seven (one of them to be return to a strict constitutional state with be found in the Archives of IACAPAP are from the past-president) in order to “allow for better twelve elected officers in addition to the 1954. The guiding principles were set already at geographic representation”. Also to constitute an past-president ex officio was endorsed. Ho- that time and have remained valid over time. international study group to assist between Con- wever, again in accordance to the President’s gresses in preparing the next Congress theme wish, three counsellors were also appointed. EC-meeting in Budapest 2009 The name of the Association was changed to and to make this group an official component of - The Honorary Presidents, the IACAPAP Andres Martin, Myron Belfer, Jean-Philippe Raynaud, Kari Schleimer, IACP&AP in 1958 (see above). At the General the IACP&AP (1978) book editors, the Bulletin editor and the or- Colette Chiland, Per-Anders Rydelius, Helmut Remschmidt, Luis Rohde, Assembly in Scheveningen in 1962, a revision • to decrease the number of vice presidents again ganizers of the Donald Cohen Fellowship Robert Vermeiren, John Sikorski, Joaquin Fuentes & Yi Zheng. was proposed aiming to divide the Association to six (1982) Program and the Helmut Remschmidt Se- into two sections, one for the medical profession • to change the way of deciding membership minars are invited to join the meetings of and another for the allied professions. However, dues (1986) the EC as well as the archivist. this proposal was rejected. In 1967 a new set of • to set itself up as a corporation, empowered as by-laws compiled by the EC was circulated to all a juridical person according to articles 60 ss CCS The EC has an important role in promoting, members – mainly addressing financial issues re- (Constitution de la Confédération Suisse) to be integrating and co-ordinating professional lated to subscription dues. This shows that the by- registered in Geneva, Switzerland (1986)* work for the exchange of scientific informa- laws, or constitution as we prefer to call it today, • again to adjust the dues structure to make it tion and for fostering research in our field have been the subject of revisions several times more in-keeping with the WHO/World Bank throughout the world. over the years: Country Income Classification (2004) • to place the annual subscription dues of all • a decision to organize a World Congress every member associations onto a sliding scale depen- two to four years, circumstances permitting – ding on the number of members of any associa- but to continue to have General Assemblies only tion (1966) and to run the fiscal year from July every four years (2006) 1st unto June 30th EC-meeting in Helsinki 2011 • to differentiate categories of membership more *The Association has to be registered somewhere, Helmut Remschmidt, Suzie Dean, Füsun Cuhadaroglu Cetin, Kari Schlei- effectively, bring in affiliate and associate mem- otherwise legal difficulties may arise (responsibi- mer, Olayinka Omigbodun & Joaquin Fuentes.

14 15 lity etc). Each change in the composition of the CONGRESSES venue because the World Exhibition was going Bureau and the Executive Committee as well as on at the same time. Other large conventions also of the Constitution has to be forwarded to Ge- ongresses are multi-disciplinary, have a took place concurrently, amongst them The In- neva and to the legal representative appointed by particular theme and are often preceded ternational Mental Hygiene Conference and The IACAPAP. by working group activities in the host International Congress on Psychology – which Ccountry, designed to provide an educational ex- made the organizers of our congress hope that At a meeting in Florence in 2007 the EC appoin- change and opportunity for teaching and lear- lecturers would be attracted to present papers at ted an ad hoc group (Schleimer, Chiland, Nur- ning. By rotating congresses around the world, all these different meetings. combe, Martin and later Omigbodun), to revise the national associations and colleagues from the Constitution, especially with regard to: different regions become engaged in the work of The second Congress was planned to take place in a) the acceptance of more than two national IACAPAP, which in turn contributes to the ex- 1941 in Leipzig, Germany. However, World War organizations from one and the same country change of knowledge and ideas. Congresses and II made it impossible to arrange any internatio-

b) the voting implications for each country the study groups are complemented by a series of nal meetings and, besides, the elected congress with more than one national organization books or monographs associated with the con- president Paul Schröder had died earlier that

as full members THE CONSTITUTION gresses. year. In September 1945 in Zürich, Switzerland, c) the composition of the Nominating OF at a meeting of the International Committee for Committee ATION FOR The 1st Congress in Paris, France 1937. Child Psychiatry under the leadership of Georges THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCI NT PSYCHIATRY AND d) the procedure of requesting nominations CHILD AND ADOLESCE This first international congress for child psychia- Heuyer, it was decided to hold the next congress

for EC officers ALLIED PROFESSIONS try was initiated by Georges Heuyer (France) and in London in 1948. The recently finished World Moritz Tramer (Switzerland). Heuyer was to be War cast a shadow over this meeting. In recogni- As a result a revision of the constitution was car- the congress president. The congress’ main topics tion of the enormous achievement of Great Bri-

ried out, including modernization of the termi- Amended in 2012 were “Conditioned reflexes -Pedagogics and child tain during the war, an Englishman was unani- nology. This revision was discussed in Beijing in psychiatry – Juvenile criminality”. (W. Healy from mously elected as president, John Rees, who was 2010 at the EC-meeting, when further amend- Boston USA, the founder of the Child Guidance then allowed to select his secretary-general, Ge- ments were recommended. The final revised, Clinics, presented a paper on ”Intellectual disa- rald Caplan from London, UK. amended version will be brought for approval to bility and Criminal Responsibility”). The number an extra-ordinary General Assembly to be held of participants was 350 from 49 mostly European The 2nd Congress in London, UK 1948. during the world congress in Paris in 2012. countries, although no lists of child psychiatrists The President of the International Conference in various countries existed at the time and the- on Child Psychiatry was therefore John R Rees, refore the difficulties in organising this congress who was also president of the International Con- were obvious. Official languages in addition to ference on Medical Psychotherapy and the Inter- French were English and German. There were national Conference on Mental Health – all th- simultaneous translations. Paris was chosen as a ree meetings taking place in London at the same

16 17 time! As proposed by Moritz Tramer, the name of than other groups of our colleagues, that we must resigned during her term and was replaced by commission to work towards the goal of harmo- the Committee was changed to the International work together as a team ….” Fontes. The theme was “The emotional life of the nizing the training of specialists in Europe – later Association for Child Psychiatry, IACP. The the- child 6-12 years”, a follow-up of the theme in To- to be fulfilled by the UEMS (Union of European me of the congress was “Personality development Since 1948 there have been another seven con- ronto. Five special fields of interest were addres- Medical Specialists). and its individual and social aspects with special gresses in Europe, two in the USA, two in Austra- sed: Emotional deprivation of children 6-12 years reference to aggression” – a theme recommen- lia and one each in Canada, Israel, Turkey, Japan old – Teamwork in child psychiatry – Education The 5th Congress in Scheweningen, ded by an ad hoc committee including amongst and China. of child therapists – Psychotherapeutic methods The Netherlands 1962. others John Bowlby, Anna Freud and Donald – Somatic aspects within child psychiatry. This The President for this Congress was Dick Arnold W.Winnicott – well-known authorities within The 3rd Congress in Toronto, Canada 1954. last theme was especially requested by Georges (Arn) van Krevelen. The theme “Primary preven- child psychiatry! At the business meeting (Gene- The 3rd Congress was planned to take place in the Heuyer, who insisted on giving special attention tion of mental disorders in children”, for the first ral Assembly) 30 countries were represented, not USA in 1952, but was postponed until 1954 and to somatic causes of child psychiatric illnesses. time recognized and addressed at this congress, only from Europe. Hans Asperger, another well- eventually took place in Toronto. The President He insisted that one full day of the congress be was divided into: general prevention, prevention known name, represented Austria. Participation was Frederick Allen and the theme was “Emotio- devoted to more eclectic child psychiatry, not just of somatic etiologic factors, prevention of psycho- in this congress was open to medical professio- nal problems of early childhood - up to the age psychoanalysis. At the closure of the congress social etiologic factors and prevention of mental nals with qualifications in psychiatry and to non- of six years”. The International Preparatory Com- Léon Michaux from France emphasized that both disorders in the social environment. Discussion medical professionals working in Child Guidance mission had planned the congress at a meeting psychosomatics and psychoanalytic theories and groups were formed, dealing with topics such as: Clinics, e.g. psychologists, psychoanalysts and in Copenhagen earlier that year to give speakers techniques contributed to the field of child psy- the dynamics of a team – group dynamics in so- psychotherapists, and social workers working sufficient time for preparation. About 800 delega- chiatry and that these different approaches should ciety – co-operative work in medicine – co-ope- within psychiatry. In his opening address John tes were present. The main contents were divided enrich each other. Nic Waal from Norway talked ration with day care centres, with schools, with Rees pointed at the very special significance of in four sections of interest: childhood psychoses, about teamwork within our speciality, pointed at legal services – training of child psychiatric staff this post-war congress with regards to the situa- general prevention, psychosomatic disorders and difficulties to integrate different views in the best – training of social services involved in preven- tion of children and aggression in childhood. In mother-child separation. The contributions to interest of the child and the family and stressed tion. The highlight of the congress was, according his own words: “We can, and we must, see to it the congress were characterized by psychoanaly- the necessary feeling of security and identity in to the majority of participants, an evening session that children are more wisely handled, so that tical thinking. Special emphasis was put on the all team members to create a true means of de- with three pioneers in child psychiatry: Moritz with better understanding they may grow up as preventive role of child psychiatry, in line with mocratic co-operation. – A final plenary session Tramer, Georges Heuyer and Leo Kanner, discus- people, free to make positive and useful contacts Gerald Caplan’s work and his textbook called was organized, moderated by Gerald Caplan, at sing the future of child psychiatry. Tramer called with their fellows, rather than suffer from all the “Emotional Problems of Early Childhood”, which which group discussions and symposia were re- attention to the fact that adult psychiatry and pa- negative qualities that lead to individual unhappi- was published in 1955 and became highly influ- viewed and discussed by a panel. ediatrics were the “mothers” of child psychiatry ness and just as certainly to tensions and stresses ential worldwide. and pointed at the necessity of independence for in the larger groups of society”. He also stressed Within the frame of this congress a symposium our discipline. Heuyer stressed his opinion that the essential co-operation of different vocatio- The 4th Congress in Lisbon, Portugal 1958. arranged by the UEP (Union Européenne des Pa- child psychiatry among all other medical disci- nal groups within child psychiatry: “We in child The President was Victor Fontes. It should have edopsychiatres) on the training situation of child plines was most complex and challenging since psychiatry have recognised, more readily perhaps been Jenny Aubry who for personal reasons had psychiatrists in Europe led to the creation of a it had to bear responsibility for the future mental

18 19 health and social development of children. Kan- The 8th Congress in Philadelphia, USA 1974. parent – Parenthood. The congress took place at ner expressed his hopes for the establishment of The President was E. James Anthony. Very little Trinity College. There were some organizing dif- child psychiatry as an internationally orientated information about this meeting is available ex- ficulties as there were two main headquarters, in special discipline of medicine. There was not cept for the theme: “Children at Risk. The vul- Dublin and in London, but these were ironed out much discussion about psychoanalysis. nerable child – psychiatric risk and mastery in thanks to the generous hospitality of Irish col- childhood“. The main theme was divided into leagues of the Local Organising Committee and The 6th Congress in Edinburgh, symposia on: The child as an individual - The “a good humoured level of toleration on both si- United Kingdom 1966. child and the family - The child and the school des”. Philip Graham gave a marvellous summing- The President was John Bowlby. The theme was - The child and the community. In addition infor- up of the congress and the President “dismissed” “Puberty and Adolescence”. There were four ple- mal meetings were arranged with top leaders in the participants with the following Irish blessing, nary sessions. Forty discussion groups took place child psychiatry and allied professions, as well as bringing tears to many eyes: -, Winston Rickards, - , Al Solnit, Lionel Hersov & James Anthony . and were to “feed” the final plenary. There were an evening of home hospitality and field demon- simultaneous translations into English, French stration visits. May the road rise to meet you and German. One innovative session addressed The program included the following themes: May the wind always be at your back the status and training of the child psychiatrist. The 9th Congress in Melbourne, Australia 1978. • Sexual revolution and changing family patterns May the sun shine warm upon your face There were visits to centres of interest and a pre- Albert Solnit was the President and Winston • Equal rights revolution The rains fall soft upon your fields congress publication: “Fundamental concepts of Rickards the Chairman of the Congress Organi- • Technological and cultural changes and And until we meet again puberty and adolescence” was made available to zing Committee. The theme was “Children and behavioural sciences May God hold you in the palm of his hand. each Congress participant. Parents in a Changing World”. There were 647 • Communications explosion: media and family participants from 27 countries and all continents. • Nutritional biomedical and psychophysiologi- The 11th Congress in Paris, France 1986. The 7th Congress in Jerusalem, Israel 1970. cal issues affecting psychosocial function with a The President was Colette Chiland and the theme The theme was “The Child in his Family” and focus on prevention. “New approaches to infant, child, adolescent and the Congress President was Serge Lebovici. The family mental health”. There were sections addres- scientific work was organized by an international The 10th Congress in Dublin, Ireland 1982. sing the broad spectrum of child and adolescent study group together with the Executive Com- The President was Lionel Hersov. The theme was: psychiatry: The concept of mental health – Peri- mittee . There were six simultaneous daily sym- “Children in Turmoil – Tomorrow’s Parents”. natal factors – Aids and obstacles to development posia on the following themes: 1.The family as There were 14 parallel sessions taking place most related to changes in life styles – A new look at a psycho-social unit. 2. Mental disorders in the days, 36 symposia, 15 workshops and 388 open adolescence – The new shape of mental health family. 3. The influence of physical illness of the papers, as well as 3 discussion groups. There were and mental pathology – The inequality of mental child or the parents on the child’s mental equili- scientific sessions on: Child and adolescent de- health – New forms of services for new problems, brium. 4. The family and its environment. velopment under conditions of turmoil – Family and Meet the author sessions. Volume 9 of the turmoil and change – From infancy to late adol- IACAPAP series “The Child in the Family” was escence: responses to stress and disadvantage – based on this congress. Serge Lebovici, Jon Lange, Kiyoshi Makita & Reimer Jensen. The transformation of child and adolescent into

20 21 The 12th Congress in Kyoto, Japan 1990. The 13th Congress in San Francisco, USA 1994. invited Eastern European child psychiatrists and The President was Reimer Jensen and the theme: The President was Donald J. Cohen. It should psychologists, sponsored by the Swedish East Eu- “Child rearing, education and psychopathology”. have been Irving Philips who, however, died in ropean Committee. Every congress day started There were 1.391 participants from 41 countries 1992. The theme was: “Violence and the vulnera- with a “IACAPAP-Lecture”, preceded by an ar- and 624 presentations: 9 plenary sessions, 91 sym- ble child”. There were 1.132 participants from 56 tistic introduction, an “emotional event” lasting posia, 6 poster sessions, case reports and video a few minutes, related to the topic of the lecture. sessions. Symposia were presented by a number of Torsten Wiesel, then President of the Rockefeller other organisations including the World Associa- University New York and Nobel Prize Winner, tion for Infant Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines spoke about “Brain Development – Nature and (WAIPAD), the International Society of Adoles- Nurture”, Urie Bronfenbrenner about “Growing cent Psychiatry (ISAP), the American Association chaos in the lives of children, youth and families: for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), consequences and counter-strategies”, Sir Micha- Seven presidents: Reimer Jensen, Al Solnit, Serge Lebovici, Colet- the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) and the te Chiland, Donald Cohen, Lionel Hersov & James Anthony were el Rutter about “Resilience versus vulnerability assembled at this congress in 1994. – which is most important in prevention?” and The 14th Congress in Stockholm, Sweden 1998. James Garbarino about “Making sense of sense- The President was Donald J. Cohen. The theme less youth violence”. Symposia, seminars and pos- ter sessions filled the rest of the days, including Ginger Anthony, Colette Chiland, Kari Schleimer, Andreas Warn- was: “Trauma and recovery – Care of Children ke, Helmut Remschmidt & Mary Philips. by 21st Century Clinicians”. There were 1324 all aspects of child and adolescent psychiatry. To participants from 63 countries, among them 28 help all participants and presenters find their way countries, over 500 abstracts. 10 plenary or key there were “angels” in yellow t-shirts, called the lectures and 39 organized scientific symposia, “Crew”, spread all over the site. The congress con- some sponsored by international organizations. tained some unusual, special features: children Through French funding 25 representatives from and adolescents were introduced and performed Eastern European countries, child psychiatrists music, art and dancing, not only at the opening as well as child psychologists, were invited to this and closing ceremonies but continuously during Kosuke Yamazaki, Shigeta Saito, Reimer Jensen, Koichiro Shira- congress and to a pre-congress seminar. These the congress in between sessions and during hashi & Kiyoshi Ogura. colleagues had become known to IACAPAP at lunch breaks. Congress participants themselves a study group in Budapest in 1992. About 10 of would take part in music, dance and art therapy World Health Organization (WHO). On the last them were involved in a refugee project in ex- events. A huge congress painting was produced day Richard Lansdown presented an evaluation Yugoslavia with Rune Stuvland from Norway as by all who wanted to contribute. The congress of all contributions. The congress was sited in the leader and gave their reports. The social highlight dinner was arranged in the Opera restaurant with Kyoto International Conference Hall. was a buffet in the courtyards of the Asian and a bright view on the Royal Palace and a magni- Young Art Museums in Golden Gate Park. -, Phyllis and Donald Cohen, a representative from the City of ficent firework that, however, was to honour an- Stockholm, Lena and Per-Anders Rydelius. other event. 22 23 The Jerusalem meeting in 2000, a joint venture The meeting turned into a regional congress with The 17th Congress in Melbourne, Australia of IACAPAP, ISAPP (the International Society a different title and under different circumstances 2006 of Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology) and but was allowed to hold the number 15 in the list The President was Myron L Belfer and the theme: WAIMH (the World Association for Infant of IACAPAP congresses by request of the organi- “Child and Adolescent Mental Health: Nurturing Mental Health). zers. Diversity”. There were more than 1400 delegates This meeting with the theme “The Promised from 65 countries, half of them from outside Aus- Childhood” would have served as a useful focal It was then decided to hold the 16th Congress in tralia, 850 presentations and 28 invited speakers. point for developing relationships and promoting Berlin, Germany, already in August 2004 and the There were plenary sessions, state of the art lec- the fields of child mental health throughout the next in 2006 in Melbourne, Australia, in order to tures, symposia, workshops and poster presenta- Middle East. Donald Cohen, who was especial- get back to the pattern of a congress every fourth tions. The Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme ly keen on this millennium meeting, pointed at year. was again active at this congress. Bringing to- ways to minimize differences and accentuate sha- gether the perspectives of professionals and re- red concerns and he drew attention to the need The 16th Congress in Berlin, Germany 2004. searchers, of consumers, parents and carers and to involve Palestinian professionals. However, the The President was Helmut Remschmidt and the of young people themselves, the congress encom- meeting had to be cancelled because of serious passed all dimensions of diversity. Brian Robert- political events in the region. The three interna- son was honoured with the International Award. Olayinka Omigbodun got a poster price from Savita Malhotra. tional organizations felt they could not recom- mend to theirs members to go to Israel at the time when the congress was scheduled. Subsequently, Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme was star- this meeting took place in Tel Aviv as an Israeli ted at this congress (see below). Olayinka Omig- meeting with some international attendance. bodun, who was to become IACAPAP President some years later, won a poster session price. Mi- The 15th Congress was to be held in chael Hong was honoured with the International New Delhi, India 2002. Contribution Award sponsored by the Korean The congress, planned to take place in India in Academy of Child and Adsolescent Psychiatry 2002, could not be held under the aegis of IA- and five colleagues were awarded the IACAPAP CAPAP. It was cancelled by a collective decision medal for support of the Association in special The medal recipients Winston Rickards (his daughter), Kari ways and for the promotion of child and adoles- of the Executive Committee at the late hour be- Schleimer, Giovanni Bollea, (Helmut Remschmidt) & Ahmed cause of unfavourable political circumstances in Okasha in 2004 (Jack Davis absent). cent psychiatry internationally. The Congress re- Anne and Winston Rickards, Suzie Dean & Campell Paul at the India where there had been an army built up at membered deceased colleagues: - Serge Lebovici, opening ceremony. the border with neighbouring countries. Travel theme: “Facilitating pathways – care, treatment Donald Cohen, Albert Solnit, Luis Prego Silva warnings were issued by a number of countries and prevention in child and adolescent mental and Richard Harrington. A full report of this 17th congress is to be found and by the UN when the tension was at its height. health”. There were about 2000 participants. The in the IACAPAP Archives.

24 25 The 18th Congress in Istanbul, Turkey 2008 The 19th Congress in Beijing, China 2010 was active as well. Five child psychiatrists were The President was Per-Anders Rydelius and the The President was Per-Anders Rydelius and the given the IACAPAP medal and Myron Belfer theme: “Carrying hope between East and West theme: “Improving child mental health: Increa- was honoured with the International Contribu- for 3 C’s: Children, Cultures and Commitments”. sing awareness and new pathways for care”. There tion Award, sponsored by the Korean Academy There were about 2000 participants. One full day were 1.696 participants from 81 countries. This of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. The Chinese was devoted to Clinical Syndromes. Sir Michael congress was a true joint venture between In- government attached great importance and was Rutter presented recent findings on autism spec- ternational and Regional organizations: it was represented in the congress. trum disorders. Research and current opinions hosted by the Chinese Society of Child and Adol- on bipolar disorders were discussed. The fourth escent Psychiatry (CSCAP) and it doubled up day was devoted to Psychosocial and Cultural Is- as the 6th congress of the Asian Society of Child Suzie Dean & Barry Nurcombe - both members of the LOC. sues, and addressed children’s wellbeing and vio- and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Profes- lence against women and children. Many aspects sions (ASCAPAP). It was held at the China Na- of clinical practice were outlined by important tional Convention Centre. There were 8 keynote contributions from the allied professions. The Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme was part The three organizers of the Congress in Beijing 2012: PA Rydelius, Daniel Fung & Yi Zheng, presidents of IACAPAP, of the Congress. Sir Michael Rutter was honoured ASCAPAP and CSCAP respectively. with the International Contribution Award.

The Executive Committee of IACAPAP has approved the following future Congresses:

Winston Rickards & Myron Belfer in Melbourne 2006. The 20th Congress in Paris, France 2012 The President will be Olayinka Omigbodun and the theme: “Brain, mind and development”.

The 21st Congress in Durban, South Africa 2014

Nese Erol & Colette Chiland on a boat tour before the congress dinner. The 22nd Congress in Calgary, Canada 2016

lectures, 21 state-of-the art lectures, and many oral- and poster presentations were given. Satel- lite symposia were organized by pharmaceutical Winston Rickards, Helmut Remschmidt, Kosuke Yamazaki & Tom Achenbach, Nese Erol & P-A Rydelius in Istanbul. firms. The Donald Cohen Fellowship Programme Barry Nurcombe in Melbourne 2006.

26 27 ACTA PAEDOPSYCHIATRICA bing the syndrome later to be called the Asperger PUBLICATIONS about recent, current and future IACAPAP acti- syndrome. vities and related information. In the last oritz Tramer from Switzerland and Ge- Reports: decade reports of world congresses have been ex- orges Heuyer from France were two In 1953 the journal changed its name to “Acta Pa- From 1948 congress reports were published in panded and this has allowed participants outstanding child psychiatrists who edopsychiatrica - Zeitschrift für Kinderpsychia- The Acta Paedopsychiatrica. One of these, “Pre- from different countries to give their opinion Mmade a distinguished contribution to the deve- trie – Revue de Psychiatrie Infantile” and from vention of Mental Disorders in Children” publis- about the congress and also report on their lopment of the discipline of child psychiatry in 1960 to simply “Acta Paedopsychiatrica” with hed alongside the 1962 congress with the same contribution and that of others to the develop- Europe. Tramer demonstrated his commitment eight issues per annum. An international advi- theme and edited by Gerald Caplan, became wi- ment of our discipline in their home country. to the discipline by financially supporting the sory board included Annell (Sweden), Bollea dely used as a textbook and is available in the IA- Nowadays the Bulletin is distributed on the ho- “Journal of Child Psychiatry” (Zeitschrift für Kin- and de Sanctis (Italy), Donner (Finland), Fontes CAPAP Archives. mepage of IACAPAP www.iacapap.org. It is derpsychiatrie), a journal he himself had founded (Portugal), Heuyer and Michaux (France), Nassar published three times a year with Joe Rey from in 1934 as a Swiss forum for medical-psychiatric (Chile), Spiel (Austria) and Wergeland (Norway) Newsletters and Journals: Australia as editor. To ensure a steady stream research and clinical practice in the new dis- among others. Tramer held the editor-in-chief In 1990 Irving Philips, president at that time, of contributions, since 2010 more than 20 cor- cipline of child psychiatry. It was the very first position, and after his death in 1963 this was ta- started a President’s Newsletter which was dist- respondents from as many countries have been journal of its kind in the world and soon achieved ken over by Arn van Krevelen, former president ributed to all members of the Association – by appointed to deliver a minimum of two contribu- international circulation and found international of IACP&AP. The number of papers in English ordinary mail and therefore at quite some cost! tions per year to the Bulletin. This has been very collaborators. The 1936 volume was dedicated to increased in the 1960s and in addition to Swit- In 1994 the Newsletter was considerably expan- successful and resulted in a broadening of the Sigmund Freud on his 80th birthday. From 1935 zerland, where the journal was the official organ ded following a proposal from Jocelyn Hattab. It contents, variety and geographical distribution on it had subscribers in 24 countries and in 1949 for our discipline, it was also accepted as such in was given a new format and entitled the Journal of contributions. it was officially accepted as the organ of the Inter- Germany, Finland, Sweden (already from 1953), of IACAPAP . national Association of Child Psychiatry (IACP). Norway and Spain. IACAPAP Facebook page: It was a multilingual publication (German, Eng- The editors in those days were Jocelyn Hattab This came into effect in 2011 and is managed by lish, French, Italian and Spanish), articles were Acta Paedopsychiatrica got into financial diffi- from Israel and Cynthia Pfeffer from the US. the Secretary-General with the help of the cor- written in the author’s language but had substan- culties in the 1970s and was discontinued. It re- They were succeeded by Phyllis Cohen and An- respondents contributing to the Bulletin. tial abstracts in the other languages. It conveyed appeared but finally came to an end in 1994. dres Martin both from the US assisted by Myron information from our Association including pro- Belfer, IACAPAP treasurer at the time. Since the IACAPAP homepage: ceedings from international congresses as well as spring 2008, Joseph Rey from Australia has been www.iacapap.org has been live since 2010 and ex- other news. Thematic issues covering topics of the editor of what had become known as the IA- panded over time. The main information about special interest were published on a regular ba- CAPAP Bulletin. the Association is to be found there. sis. Of special interest is the fact that Leo Kanner was the author of the first chapter of the journal The Bulletin: IACAPAP e-book: introducing the Kanner Syndrome, while Hans Since January 1997 the Journal has been named This will be published in 2012 and be available fre- Asperger was the author of another paper descri- the Bulletin. It aims to inform ely on the web, for the special benefit of countries

28 29 where textbooks cannot be purchased by all. The seems more expedient to refer to them as simply outlined optimal management approaches. The Jerusalem 2000 chief editor is Joe Rey. “IACAPAP books”. declarations are meant to be widely circulated as Children’s Rights advocacy documents to ministries of health and Volume 12 “Designing Mental Health Services education, key decision makers, professionals and Rome 2003 and Systems for Children and Adolescents: a others, with the aim of improving the situation Caring for Children affected by Maltreatment, shrewd Investment” (1998) was honoured with of mentally and behaviourally impaired children War, Terrorism and Disaster the 1998 Books of the Year Award by the Ameri- and their families. Special attention has been gi- can Journal of Nursing. ven to the promotion of the rights of children. Berlin 2004 Ethical issues have always been a major concern Assuring Mental Health for Children and Adol- Volume 14 “Facilitating pathways: care, treatment of the Association and the last “IACAPAP Ethics” escents. and prevention in child and adolescent mental declaration was edited in 2006. Published decla- Principles of Ethics in Child and Adolescent health” (2004) was edited by IACAPAP officers rations so far are listed below: Mental Health instead of the book editors. However, this volu- me had an obvious connection with IACAPAP, Budapest 1992 Spring 2005 linked as it was to the Berlin Congress, where it Assuring the Mental Health of Children Statement on Responses to Natural Disasters Joe Rey, editor of the Bulletin and Elena Garralda, editor of the was distributed as the congress book. the e-book. IACAPAP books. June 1992 Melbourne 2006 Over the years the appointed editors have been Bill of Rights for Children in Institutions IACAPAP Ethics 2006 (revised). Books: sequentially: James Anthony, Cyrille Koupernik, The Melbourne Declaration on Nurturing Diver- IACAPAP commissioned books, originally cal- Colette Chiland, Gerald Young, Pierre Ferrari, Venice 1996 sity led yearbooks, have been edited since 1970 and Elena Garralda, Martine Flament and Jean-Phi- Principles for Organizing Mental Health Systems either given to participants at congresses or pu- lippe Raynaud – working together in different for Children and Adolescents January 2008 blished as a post-congress book. Alltogether 18 combinations. After the congress in Paris in 2012 Declaration of the Consortium for Global Infant, volumes have been edited so far : Elena Garralda will cease and Matthew Hodes Venice 1998 Child and Adolescent Mental Health (IACAPAP • The Child in his Family Series 1970-1994 (UK) and Susan Gau (Taiwan/US) will step in as Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders together with WAIMH, ISAPP, WFMH and (11 volumes) co-editors with Jean Philippe Raynaud. InterCAM HS) • The Leadership Series 1998-2004 (3 volumes) Sharm El Sheik 2000 • The Working with Children & Adolescents Declarations: On the Founding of the EMACAPAP (East Series 2006 – (4 volumes so far). Advocacy has become increasingly important Mediterranean Association for Child and Adol- and is manifest through the publication of decla- escent Psychiatry and Allied Professions) Terms like The Yearbook of IACAPAP, The Book rations/statements by the Association. These have Series, The Mentor Series and The Monograph addressed areas of concern related to the develop- Modena 2000 Series have all been used over the years, but it ment and mental health of children and they have Genetics of Autism

30 31 STUDY GROUPS of meetings primarily aiming to work on the con- of the Czechoslovakian Psychiatric Association Western world for so many years. We provided tent and format of the up-coming congress, the (president Eva Malá) visited Prague to familia- tickets to help them come to Budapest by plane or he Bureau elected in London in 1948 ISG began to focus on providing scientific mate- rise themselves with the status of child and adol- by train. However, none showed up from Estonia (Allan, Barhash and Caplan) decided to rial for the yearbooks, initially published every escent psychiatry in these countries and to meet because the plane, for financial reasons, could not set up a commission to prepare congres- second year. Although these books continued to with colleagues working in our field. The aim was refuel! Tses. So, the International Preparatory Com- be geared to the central theme of the congress, the also to discuss and prepare a future meeting with mission included members from the Executive planning of the latter became detached to a local leading child and adolescent psychiatrists from Committee of IACAPAP and other outstanding organising committee. This resulted in a new for- all the Eastern European countries. We decided to professionals in the field, an international facul- mat for the preparation of a congress: have this meeting in Budapest the following year. ty and local child psychiatrists, invited as guest a) a Local Organizing Committee (LOC) was in- However, it was not easy to find names of leading consultants with expertise in relevant areas. The stituted to prepare, plan for and manage a con- child psychiatrists in countries cut off from the meetings of the Commission, in between the con- gress, and gresses, were financed by the Grant Foundation b) the International Study Group (ISG) took and the Field Foundation of New York, thanks to further the congress theme by organizing a series Gerald Caplan who by then had moved to Bos- of small meetings of experts in selected countries, ton . The Commission met for the first time in through site visits and discussions with local fa- Copenhagen in 1954 to review current research culty, in order to gain first hand impressions of on the theme of the 3rd congress, and to select local conditions in the designated areas. Anna Balázcs, Reimer Jensen, Agnes Vétro & Irving Philips in plenary session topics and speakers who would Budapest 1991. present the material at the congress. In 1963 the The concept of a “working” congress with active name of the Commission was changed to the In- participation in discussion groups and similar Eventually, a historic meeting, a very special In- ternational Study Group (ISG). The ISG met in activities began in 1970. It was hoped “that trans- ternational Study Group was organized in Bu- different parts of the world, most commonly by cultural discourse would eventually become a re- dapest in April 1992 on the initiative of Irving invitation from the host country of the upcoming cognized mode for investigating the many facets Philips and during his presidency. The purpose congress, with a group of selected professionals of developmental psychopathology across the was to present new research from the West as together with one or two world authorities on the world” (Anthony & Koupernik). well as to discuss ways in which to help these problems to be discussed. A major purpose was to countries develop a different type of independent learn from the sharing of information and to pro- In April 1991 a group of four IACAPAP officers: child psychiatry, with a reduced biological per- vide a perspective, informed by the experience of Irving Philips, Reimer Jensen, Helmut Remsch- spective for understanding and treating mental different countries. The William T. Grant Foun- midt and Kari Schleimer by invitation of the disorders in children. Stress was also put on the dation sponsored these meetings for many years. Hungarian Child Psychiatric Society (president development of psychotherapies and especially Agnes Vetró) visited Budapest, and by invitation socio-therapeutic attitudes and therapeutic envi- Over time there was a change in policy: instead of the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ronments. The meeting became a great success, Helmut Remschmidt, Kari Schleimer & Reimer Jensen in Prague.

32 33 not only because of IACAPAP members meeting Study groups have been held in: Vienna, Austria 1965 Gällöfsta, Sweden 1980 with East European colleagues, but also by Eas- Copenhagen, Denmark 1954 - 1966 Ibadan, Nigeria 1981 tern colleagues meeting and discussing with each 1st meeting of the International 1970 China 1984 Preparatory Commission Zürich, Switzerland 1971 Osaka, Japan 1988 other, something they had had little chance to do The Hague, Netherlands 1959 Bled, Yugoslavia 1972 Kyoto, Japan 1989 until then, coming as they did from countries as Cambridge, USA 1960 Dakar, Senegal 1973 Budapest, Hungary 1992 wide apart as Latvia in the north and Albania in Scheveningen, Netherlands 1962 Philadelphia, USA 1974 New Delhi, India, 2001 the south. Their common language was Russian. Rome, Italy 1963 - London, UK 1975 Nairobi, Kenya, 2007 Thus, this ISG was part of the important process 1st meeting of the International Jerusalem, Israel 1976 Porto Allegre, Brazil 2007 Study group (ISG) Ahmedabad, India 1977 Vilnius, Lithuania, 2008 of developing new lines of communication with London, UK 1964 Melbourne, Australia 1978 Abuja, Nigeria, 2009 and bringing Eastern European colleagues and their national societies into contact with IACA-

PAP. Two years later, at the world congress in Donald Cohen, Jewgenij Salzman (Latvia) & Myron Belfer San Francisco in 1994, a large group of Eastern in Budapast 1992. European colleagues participated with financial a Swedish organization (Östeuropa kommittén)) help from a French sponsor. Later, at a meeting brought in still more Eastern European collea- of the European Society of Child and Adolescent gues. Today many of the national societies of Psychiatry (ESCAP) in Utrecht, the Soros Foun- child psychiatry in these countries are full mem- dation assisted another group from Eastern Eu- bers of our Association. rope to make it possible for them to attend. And at the IACAPAP congress in Stockholm in 1998 In between congresses International Study Groups have been arranged, quite often in the country due to host the next congress. These re- gional study groups stimulated research within our field, arranged meetings with local collea- gues and other mental health officers and prepa- red presentations for the next congress. In later years the study groups have been complemented by research seminars with the aim of stimulating younger colleagues to engage in research work. Study groups have been led by officers of the Ex- ecutive Committee of IACAPAP and by invited experts. Study group in Budapest 1992. Colleagues from Eastern Europe and the EC meet. Study group in Nairobi 2007 under the leadership of Brian Robertson & Myron Belfer.

34 35 In addition, regional study groups have also been terranean region and in Africa on a regional basis. • At the end of each day all subgroups meet following research seminars have taken place: arranged. Thus, IACAPAP has been supportive together and a rapporteur from each group out- 1. First European Research Seminar, of the EMACAPAP (East Mediterranean Asso- The Helmut Remschmidt lines the issues discussed for the plenary group. June 1998, Heidelberg, Germany ciation for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Research Seminar • On the final day, there is an evaluation of the 2. Second European Research Seminar, Allied Professions) study groups in Alexandria, meeting followed by a fare-well party September 2001, Camposampiero, Italy Egypt in 2007 and in Beirut, Lebanon in 2008, la- In 1998 Helmut Remschmidt arranged a Euro- • The national organizations/home depart- 3. Third European Research Seminar, ter also in Tunisia. pean Research Seminar under the sponsorship ments of participants are expected to fund travel September 2002, Camposampiero, Italy of the European Society of Child and Adolescent expenses, while funding for accommodation is 4. Fourth European Research Seminar, Psychiatry (ESCAP) in his capacity as the Presi- covered by the congress budget. March 2004, Camposampiero, Italy DEVELOPMENT OF dent of ESCAP at that time. The idea was to sup- 5. Fifth European Research Seminar, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES port young colleagues, who intended to pursue a The first seminar took place in Heidelberg, Ger- April 2005, Camposampiero, Italy scientific career, with their research projects. This many, in June 1998, sponsored by ESCAP. The 6. Sixth European Research Seminar, nternational Study Groups (ISG) have existed first seminar and the subsequent ones, now under second to sixth seminars took place in two diffe- May 2006, Bocca di Magra, La Spezia, Italy almost since the beginning of our internatio- the leadership of IACAPAP, have in the main all rent locations in Italy and were sponsored by ES- 7. Seventh European Research Seminar nal organization. In later years the ISGs have had the same structure, as follows: CAP, the Foundation Child (Italy) and IACAPAP. planned for May 2007 had had to be cancelled Ibeen aimed to further and strengthen an interest • The seminar takes place about 6 months prior The seventh seminar was scheduled to take place 8. First South-American Research Seminar, in child and adolescent psychiatry in economi- to a IACAPAP congress in the geographical area again in Italy in 2007 but was cancelled because June 2007, Porto Allegre, Brazil cally less favoured countries, and to facilitate and where the next congress will take place of the upcoming congress of ESCAP in Florence 9. 1st IACAPAP Helmut Remschmidt Research improve the development of good clinical practi- • Participants are proposed by the presidents of in the same year. Disagreements within ESCAP Seminar, December 2007, Istanbul, Turkey in ce, based on research and clinical experience and their national organizations and are selected by made further co-operation between IACAPAP cooperation with the Turkish national associa- on the United Nation declaration of Children’s the Bureau and ESCAP unworkable at the time and the IA- tion and the EMACAPAP rights. • Not more than 30 young scientists are to be CAPAP Executive Committee decided to conti- 10. 2nd IACAPAP Helmut Remschmidt Re- included nue to support the seminars on its own, under search Seminar, February 2010, Beijing, China Seminars have been arranged since the 1990s. • The faculty consists of experienced clinicians the name of “The Helmut Remschmidt Research 11. 3rd IACAPAP Helmut Remschmidt Research There has been some confusion of the terms and scientists, who present papers in the Seminars”. The purpose remains one of inspiring Seminar, January 2012, in Paris, France. “study group” and “seminar” which sometimes morning and act as mentors in the afternoon, young colleagues from our and from allied disci- have been used indistinctly. Whatever the name, when projects by the participants are discussed plines to engage in research – and to provide ba- These seminars will go on, basically to build up IACAPAP has taken a special role in fostering the • The seminar lasts five days, with two lectures in sic knowledge in key aspects of research design research capacity in the field of child and adol- growth of research capacity in child and adol- the morning by mentors followed by discussions. in child and adolescent psychiatry, skills in pre- escent psychiatry in the region, where the next escent psychiatry in developing countries. Spe- Then there are 3-4 groups in the afternoon, senting research to colleagues and in discussing world congress will be held. Participants are in- cial mention is due to the Helmut Remschmidt consisting of not more than 6-8 participants, research with others and to enable participants to vited from neighbouring countries and faculty Research Seminars and the Donald Cohen Fel- where participant projects are discussed with carry out their own research projects under the brought in from around the world. lowship Programmes. But, IACAPAP has also mentors. specific conditions of their own department. The sponsored research training in the Eastern Medi- 36 37 The Donald J Cohen Fellowship Programme • in Budapest 2009 at a European meeting, AWARDS Knowledge of recipients of this award is available supported by ESCAP only from 1998: To honour the memory of the late Donald • in Beijing 2010 ince 2004 the Korean Academy of Child Cohen, the former president of IACAPAP, Hel- and Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP) has • 1998 Luis E.Prego-Silva, Uruguay mut Remschmidt initiated the Donald J Cohen Reports on the DCF Programmes, both by the sponsored The International Contribution • 2004 Winston Rickards, Melbourne, Australia Fellowship Programme at the world congress in coordinators Andres Martin from the US and SAward to be conferred by IACAPAP at a world Ahmed Okasha, Cairo, Egypt Berlin in 2004. This programme aimed to support Joaquin Fuentes from Spain and by fellows atten- congress in recognition of the accomplishment of Giovanni Bollea, Rome, Italy the participation of highly promising young child ding, have been published in the Bulletin. After a senior individual in promoting child and adol- Jack Davis, Madison, USA psychiatrists from around the world at IACAPAP the 2006 congress in Melbourne a special Bulletin escent psychiatry in the developing world. The Kari Schleimer, Malmö, Sweden congresses. The programme is partly sponsored Supplement was edited with contributions from award consists of a plaque and 1.500 USD. This • 2005 Kuo-Tai Tao, Nanjing, China by IACAPAP and enables selected fellows to dis- participants. In 2011 two assistant coordinators award is not only for child and adolescent psychi- • 2008 Dainius Puras, Vilnius, Lithuania cuss their projects and other topics in meetings to the DJCF have been appointed: Naoufel Gad- atrists but also for allied professions. Five awards • 2010 Barry Nurcombe, Brisbane, Australia led by mentors, mostly members of the Executive dour from Tunisia and Ayesha Mian from Pakis- have been funded by the KACAP, which reserves Colette Chiland, Paris, France Committee of IACAPAP. The Programme has so tan/US, both child psychiatrists. itself the right to continue or cease the awards in Helmut Remschmidt, Marburg, Germany far involved: the future. So far the award has been given to: Kang-E Michael Hong, Sungnam-si, Korea • Daily meetings in small groups with leading • 2004 Kang-E Michael Hong, South Korea John B. Sikorski, San Francisco, USA experts • 2006 Brian Robertson, South Africa • 2012 Ginger Anthony, Chevy Chase, USA • Dedicated poster presentations attended by • 2008 Sir Michael Rutter, UK Elena Garralda, London, UK senior faculty members • 2010 Myron L. Belfer, USA Joseph M. Rey, Sydney, Australia • Seminars for fellows and other interested at- • 2012 Amira Seif Eldin, Egypt tendees • Social activities The IACAPAP Medal with the logo of our As- • Free registration plus support for lodging and sociation has been given to individuals who have travelling worked for or supported the Association in spe- cial ways and promoted child and adolescent psy- Since 2004 these DCF Programmes have taken chiatry internationally. In the past, members of place regularly during – mostly but not exclusive- the Executive Committee were given the medal ly - IACAPAP world congresses where they have when leaving their positions. This tradition was been a welcome event: discontinued when Irving Philips in the early • in Berlin 2004 together with a group of invited 1990s started to honour persons, irrespective of Eastern European Fellows their profession and position, for their achieve- • in Melbourne 2006 ment and engagement with the major aims of our • in Istanbul 2008 Association. PA Rydelius, Dainius Puras with the IACAPAP medal, Kari Schleimer & John Sikorski in Vilnius 2008.

38 39 The IACAPAP Plaque has over the years been RELATED LINKS AICAFMHA office meetings and to the General Assemblies in bestowed upon several officers of the Executive Australian Infant, Child, Adolescent and Family Geneva, Switzerland. Since its inception IACA- Committee in recognition of their work for the IACAPAP collaborates with national and Mental Health Association (founded in 2000) PAP has sponsored meetings all over the world Association. regional organizations and co-operates with and involved WHO staff in these activities. In partner organizations that pursue similar goals World wide organizations include: collaboration with international child psychiatric all over the world. consultants this has led to projects on quality of WAIMH life measures, the development of a life skills pro- Regional organizations include: World Association for Infant Mental Health gramme and the promulgation of a rights fram- (started as WAIPAD, World Association for In- ework for child mental health. Close working ESCAP fant Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in 1992) relationships with WHO regional offices have re- European Society of Child and Adolescent sulted in the foundation of EMACAPAP , train- Psychiatry (founded in 1954 as UEP, Union ISAPP ing initiatives in Eastern Mediterranean countries Européenne des Pédopsychiatres, and named International Society of Adolescent Psychiatry as well as in Eastern European countries, where from 1983 as ESCAP) and Psychology (started as ISAP, International the discipline of child psychiatry after 1989 was Society of Adolescent Psychiatry in 1984) in great need of support and development along- AACAP side accepted, modern lines of assessment and American Association for Child and Adolescent WHO treatment. Initiatives also focused on training in Psychiatry World Health Organization developing countries.

EMACAPAP WPA During the period 2000 – 2005, for almost six East Mediterranean Association for Child and World Psychiatric Association years, the WHO supported a full-time child psy- Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions chiatrist to develop a Global Programme on Child (founded in 2000) WFMH and Adolescent Mental Health (2008), a joint World Federation for Mental Health project of WHO, IACAPAP and WPA. Three ASCAPAP task forces were created: on Awareness, on Servi- Asian Society of Child and Adolescent Psychia- IACAPAP’s relations with the WHO ces and on Primary Prevention. This programme try and Allied Professions (founded in 1996) IACAPAP has been recognized as a non-govern- had a worldwide dimension and was a good illus- mental organization (NGO) officially linked to tration of co-operation between IACAPAP, WPA FLAPIA the WHO since 1961, and this has continued and WHO. Professor Myron Belfer from Boston, Latin-American Federation of Infant, Adoles- to our days, except for a short break in the late US, served as Senior Adviser for child and adol- cent and Family Psychiatry (founded in 1995) 1990s. To keep this position we have to present a escent mental health at the WHO headquarters report on our activities to the WHO every second in Geneva these years, and during that time with year. As an NGO we are invited to regional WHO support from IACAPAP members, the WHO

40 41 had a more prominent role in child mental health supported the production and distribution of the CLOSING REMARKS pulations affected by war, natural disaster and activities than ever before. Among these activi- report of the meeting. displacement ties it is worth mentioning the ATLAS project in hat, then, really does IACAPAP do? To 3. the child mental health professions must reas- 2005, a mental health policy initiative to deve- At the WHO/EU ministerial conference in Hel- summarize: through world congresses sert their primary role as the provider of clinical lop a worldwide resource database. Together, the sinki, Finland in 2005, IACAPAP was represented we offer our members an opportuni- information which has now been eclipsed by the WPA, IACAPAP and WHO have focused on pre- by Per-Anders Rydelius, secretary-general at that Wty to meet and learn from each other about new pharmaceutical and other business interests vention, treatment and awareness in a collabora- time. trends in child and adolescent psychiatry. We pu- 4. child psychiatrists, in particular, but other tive initiative, culminating in a WPA conference blish books with contents in line with upcoming child mental health professionals as well need to in Cairo in 2005, devoted to child and adolescent PERMANENT SECRETARIAT AND congress themes, we produce a Bulletin with in- demonstrate more publicly the willingness to en- mental health. “The synergy between the WHO THE ARCHIVES formation about the Association and with par- gage in frontline work in situations brought about and IACAPAP has benefited the field of child and ticipation of colleagues from all over the world. by disaster and conflict adolescent mental health. It has provided oppor- s reported in the minutes of Executive Declarations which are virtually State of the Art 5. all child mental health professions must con- tunities for education, program development and Committee meetings, the issue of main- documents convey our standing on different is- tinue to demonstrate the importance of proper policy initiation that would not otherwise have taining permanent Archives of the As- sues. Study groups and seminars for younger col- diagnosis and rational care.” been possible for either alone” (Belfer). Asociation was discussed a number of times, but leagues encourage their active participation and proposals to that effect for stationing them in learning through discussions, lectures and re- The history of IACAPAP reveals a continuing pro- IACAPAP has helped to found national and regio- Washington D.C., Geneva, Paris or other sites search seminars. The Donald Cohen Fellowship cess of growth and development, that periodically nal organizations in child mental health that have were never materialised.. Programme allows young professionals to meet has been characterized by creative conflicts bet- served as important contact points and collabora- and share under the leadership of mentors. And ween protagonists of different ideologies on the tors for WHO programmes. Worth mentioning is Eventually in 2002 the Executive Committee de- – not least - all those who collaborate with IACA- international scene, much as in any international the creation of the Eastern Mediterranean Asso- cided to keep a permanent secretariat linked with PAP activities stimulate each other, have fun and organization. It is essential that the Association ciation for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Archives, to be hosted at the Karolinska In- are pleased to meet whenever possible! continues to have a high international profile as Allied Professions representing nearly all Arab stitute (KI) in Stockholm, Sweden with Per-An- an umbrella organization and that it strives to countries and Israel. The creation of associations ders Rydelius, professor of child and adolescent Our aims are to a large extent encapsulated in the constantly modernize and reform its own struc- in many former Eastern Block countries has simi- psychiatry at the KI and Kari Schleimer as per- following quotation by our former president My- tures and functions to meet future challenges. larly been supported. manent secretary and archivist. This was made ron Belfer in his presidential letter to the Associa- possible by the fact that the department of child tion in 2006: Clearly there would be much more to say about At a WHO-meeting in Geneva in early 2002 on and adolescent psychiatry at the KI already had “Among the most important lessons I have lear- the history of our Association. This could include “Caring for children and adolescents with men- a good number of records pertaining to the As- ned in my presidency are: links to historical events and for instance referen- tal disorders: setting WHO directions”, IACAPAP sociation. 1. the child mental health professions must find ce to the decades after “the fall of the Berlin wall” was represented by Helmut Remschmidt and ways to collaborate more effectively in 1989, leading to IACAPAP`s becoming invol- Myron Belfer, then president and treasurer of our 2. we need to embrace more of a public health ved in the situation in Eastern Europe. Efforts to Association respectively. IACAPAP financially perspective in order to address the needs of po- involve colleagues and countries in South-East

42 43 Asia, Africa and South America could also be References Appendix: mentioned. The task could have been approached quite differently. My main purpose, however, was 1. Rolf Castell et al.: Geschichte der Kinder- und • Table of EC officers elected at General Assemb- to save historical documents and describe the Jugendpsychiatrie in Deutschland in den Jahren lies since 1937 (and appointed officers during the course of events. I have given the premises and 1937 bis 1961. Vandenhoech & Ruprecht, 2003. period 1994-2010) now leave it to the reader to draw conclusions. 2.Caplan et al.: Zur Geschichte der International • Table of world congresses Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and Allied Professions, Zeitschrift Kinder- und • List of IACAPAP books Jugendpsychiatrie, 13, 382-391, 1985. any colleagues have stimulated me to write the history of our Association and 3. G. Caplan, R. Jensen & S. Lebovici, I am most thankful to their suggestions L’Association Internationale de Psychiatrie de Mand advice. However, there is one person who has l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, et des Professions devoted hours of her precious time to work with Associées - son histoire, traduit de l’anglais par the manuscript from a linguistic point of view. I C.Chiland et Y. Noizet, Neuropsychiatrie de am very grateful to Professor Elena Garralda of l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence, 1986, 34, 1, 53-59. the Imperial College of London, who has turned my manuscript into, hopefully, quite a readable 4.Gerald Caplan, MD, Reimer Jensen, fil.dr.h.c. story. and Serge Lebovici, MD: History of The Inter- national Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP) in the Newsletter of IACAPAP, January 1994, 4-8.

Documents in the Archives of the IACAPAP, kept at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the Karolinska Institute in Stock- holm, Sweden.

44 45 Elections Paris Zürich London Toronto Lisbon Scheveningen Edinburgh Jerusalem Philadelphia Melbourne Elections of Dublin Paris Kyoto San Francisco Stockholm Berlin Melbourne Beijing Durban of officers 1937 1945 1948 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 officers 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2004 2006 2010 2014 at General X XI XII XIII XIV XVI XVII XIX XXI at General (Committee meeting) Assemblies Assembly I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX President Chiland R. Jensen Philips/Cohen D. Cohen Remschmidt Belfer Rydelius Omigbodun

Secr Gen Jeammet Flekköy/ Schleimer Yamazaki Goodyer Rydelius Rohde Fung Schleimer President Schröder Rees Allen Aubry/Fontes van Krevelen Bowlby Lebovici Anthony Solnit Hersov Treasurer Philips Philips Ayres/Belfer Belfer Belfer Sikorski Sikorski Harper Secr Gen Tramer Caplan Barhash Irvine Rasmussen Stone Duché Solnit Neubauer Lansdown Hersov Chiland R.Jensen R. Jensen D.Cohen Remschmidt Belfer Rydelius Treasurer Brantmay Caplan Caplan Caplan Caplan Caplan Lourie Rickards Lourie Past Pres

Vice Madsen Celia Boucebci Feldman Caffo Caffo P.Cohen Dean

Presidents Jegede D. Cohen Celia Ferrari Cherro-Aguerre P.Cohen Erol Fayyad Lansdown Jeammet D.Cohen Goodyer Ferrari Hong Hong Fuentes

Lourie Lansdown Jeammet Schleimer Rydelius Nurcombe Nurcombe Raynaud

Neubauer Ogura Ladame Schmidt v. Engeland Seif el Din Seif el Din Rohde Past Pres ------Allen Fontes van Krevelen Bowlby Lebovici Anthony Solnit Remschmidt Remschmidt Yamazaki v Engeland Yamazaki Tyano Tyano Warnke

Vice Heuyer Heuyer Fontes Gardner Bollea Annell Annell Corboz Chiland Chiland

Presidents Tramer Heuyer Heuyer Gardner Anthony Anthony Hersov Hersov Makita Assistant Celia Boucebci Richer Caffo P.Jensen Erol Moro Lesinskiene Ramer Tramer Lutz Duché Koupernik Irvine Lange Neubauer Secr.s -Gen.s McCarthy Ladame Schmidt Cherro-Aguerre Malhotra Moro Shirataki Ono Rees Waal Miller Lebovici Spiel R.Jensen Makita Potamianou Ogura Stern Stajner-Popovic Hattab Tyano Rohde Vermeiren Wilkes Tramer De Sanctis Waal Rasmussen Stone Krynski Prego-Silva Prego-Silva Rickards Honorary Caplan Caplan Caplan Caplan Caplan Anthony Anthony Anthony Presidents Lebovici Lebovici Lebovici Caplan Caplan Belfer Assistant Michaux Michaux Michaux De Ruyter Decroly Duhl Fedor Lange Grant Jegede Solnit Solnit Solnit Chiland Chiland Chiland Remschmidt Secr.Gen.s Rasmussen Irvine Koupernik R.Jensen Marcus Potamianou Madsen

Pacheo e Silva Nassar Spiel Marcus Rickards Thebaud Remschmidt Ladame Golse Cooper Dean Adjunct ------Rydelius Hong Fayyad Fayyad ------

Honorary Tramer Tramer Tramer Caplan Caplan Caplan Secr.s Sikorski Nurcombe Robertson Fuentes President (appointed) Seif el Din Shirataki Martin Sikorski Vermeiren Omigbodun

Warnke Warnke Robertson

Zheng Warnke International IACP IACP&AP . IACAPAP Zheng Committee Int’l Assoc. Int’l Assoc for Int’l Assoc

for Child for Child Child for Child and Celia Celia,Feldman Celia,Jensen Caffo Cuhad.-Cetin Psychiatry Psychiatry Psychiatry & Adolescent Counsellors Remschmidt Jeammet Schleimer Remschmidt Rutter Allied Prof Psychiatry & (appointed) Schleimer Schmidt Zheng Allied Prof. Schmidt Yamazaki

• Planned 2. Congress in Dresden 1941 cancelled because of WW II th • The cancelled Congress in New Delhi 2002 was to be numbered the 15 . • Planned 3.Congress in the USA 1952 never realized. • The Berlin Congress in 2004 was arranged after an interval because of a cancelled congress in 2002 • From 2006 it was decided to arrange congresses every second year but to keep the General Assemblies every fourth year.

46 47 IACAPAP book series

The Child in his Family Series (1970 – 1994) 11 1994 Children and Violence Jason Aroson 1998 Les enfants et la violence Inc Vol Year Title Publisher Editors PUF 1 1970 The child in his family Wiley 1970 L’enfant dans la famille Masson E.J. Anthony & 2 1973 The impact of disease and death Wiley C. Koupernik The Leadership Series (1998 – 2004) 1974 L’enfant devant la maladie et la mort Vol Year Title Publisher Editors 12 1998 Designing mental health services Brunner/Mezel J.G. Young & 3 1974 Children at psychiatric risk Wiley and systems for children and P. Ferrari 1980 L’enfant et haute risque PUF E.J. Anthony, adolescents: A shrewd investment psychiatrique C. Chiland & C. Koupernik 13 2002 Brain, culture and development MacMillan J.G. Young, P. 4 1978 Vulnerable children Wiley Ferrari, S. 1980 L’enfant vulnerable PUF Malhotra,

5 1978 Children and their parents in a Wiley S.Tyano & E. changing world Caffo 1984 Parents et enfants dans un monde PUF en chamgement 14 2004 Facilitating pathways: Care, Springer H. 6 1982 Preventive child psychiatry in an Wiley E.J. Anthony treatment and prevention in child Remschmidt, age of transitions & C. Chiland and adolescent mental health M. Belfer & I. 1985 Prevention en psychiatrie de PUF Goodyer l’enfant dans un temps de transition

7 1982 Children in turmoil: tomorrow’s Wiley parents The Working with Children & Adolescents Series (2006 – ) 1985 Enfants dans la tourmente: Parents PUF de demain Vol Year Title Publisher Editors 15 2006 Working with children and Jason Aronson ME Garralda & 8 1986 Perilous development: child raising Wiley adolescents: An evidenced-based M. Flament and identity formation under stress approach to risk & resilience 1992 Le developpement en peril PUF

16 2008 Culture and conflict and child and Jason Aronson ME Garralda & 9 1992 New approaches to infant, child, Yale adolescent and family mental health University adolescent mental health JP Raynaud 1990 Nouvelle approches de la sante Press mentale de la naissance a PUF l’adolescence pour l’enfant et sa C. Chiland & 17 2010 Increasing awareness of child and Jason Aronson ME Garralda & famille J.G. Young adolescent mental health JP Raynaud

10 1990 Why children reject school: view Yale from seven countries University 1990 Le refus de l’ecole: Un apercu Press 18 2012 Brain, mind, and developmental Jason Aronson ME Garralda & transculturel PUF psychopathology in childhood JP Raynaud

48 49

WORLD CONGRESSES OF IACAPAP

Nr. Year Venue Congress President Theme

I 1937 Paris Georges Heuyer Conditioned reflexes –Pedagogics and Child XV 2002 New Delhi *** Cancelled as World Congress! Psychiatry – Juvenile Criminality (Foundation of THE INTERNATIONAL XVI 2004 Berlin Helmut Remschmidt Facilitating Pathways – Care, Treatment and COMMITTEE OF CHILD PSYCHIATRY) Prevention in Child and Adolescent Mental Health * II 1948 London J.R. Rees Personality Development and its Individual XVII 2006 Melbourne Myron L Belfer Nurturing Diversity and Social Aspects with Special Reference to Aggression. XVIII 2008 Istanbul Per-Anders Rydelius Carrying Hope Between East and West for 3 (Foundation of IACP) C’s: Children, Cultures and Commitments

III 1 954 Toronto Frederick H. Allen Emotional Problems of Early Childhood XIX 2010 Beijing Per-Anders Rydelius Improving Child Mental Health: Increasing Awareness and New Pathways for Care IV 1958 Lisbon Victor Fontes The Emotional Life of the Child 6-12 years XX 2012 Paris Olayinka Omigbodun Brain, Mind and Development (Foundation of IACP&AP) XXI 2014 Durban V 1962 Scheweningen Arn van Krevelen Primary Prevention of Mental Disorders in Children XXII 2016 Calgary

VI 1966 Edinburgh John Bowlby Puberty and Adolescence

VII 1970 Jerusalem Serge Lebovici The Child and His Family * A planned second international congress 1941 in Leipzig, Germany, under the leadership

of Paul Schröder did not take place because of WW II. VIII 1974 Philadelphia E.James Anthony Children at Risk

** It should have been Irving Philips – however, Donald Cohen had to act as president IX 1978 Melbourne Albert J.Solnit Children and Parents in a Changing World (Foundation of IACAPAP) because of the unfortunate death of Irving Philips in 1992

th X 1982 Dublin Lionel Hersov Children in Turmoil-Tomorrow’s Parents *** The 15 World Congress was scheduled for New Delhi/India but could not take place as an IACAPAP event due to external reasons. Therefore the congress was carried out as a XI 1986 Paris Colette Chiland New Approaches to Infant, Child, regional meeting with international attendance under the leadership of our colleagues in Adolescent and Family Mental Health India. It was agreed to put into writing in the IACAPAP annals, that the 15th Congress could not be held as planned under the aegis of IACAPAP and that the Berlin Congress XII 1990 Kyoto Reimer Jensen Child Rearing, Education and will be counted as the 16th World Congress of our Association. Psychopathology

XIII 1994 San Fransisco Donald J.Cohen ** Violence and the Vulnerable Child

XIV 1998 Stockholm Donald J.Cohen Trauma and Recovery

50 51