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Editorial Toft, Anne Elisabeth

Published in: EAAE

Publication date: 2004

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Citation for pulished version (APA): Toft, A. E. (2004). Editorial. EAAE, 68, 3-7.

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Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 European Association for Architectural Education Association Européenne pour l’Enseignement de l’Architecture NEWS SHEET Secretariat AEEA-EAAE February/Février 2004 Kasteel van Arenberg B-3001 Leuven Bulletin 1/2004 tel ++32/(0)16.321694 fax ++32/(0)16.321962 68 [email protected] http://www.eaae.be

Announcements/Annonces

EAAE/ARCC Conference 2004 School of Architecture, DIT, Dublin, Ireland, 2-4 June 2004

Announcement Topic: Between research and practise

The proposed conference will be the latest in a Architectural discipline seeks to close the gap series of international research conferences spon- between teachers, practitioners and researchers sored jointly by the European Association for – while at the same time allowing synergies to Architectural Education (EAAE) and the develop without loss of individual character or Content/Contenu Architectural Research Centres Consortium (ARCC). identity. 1 Announcements These conferences are held every second year. Annonces Previous conferences were held in Raleigh, North The aim of the conference are: 3 Editorial Carolina, USA, Paris, France and Montreal, Editorial Canada. ● To examine how practice and research are 8 Announcements knowledge producers and how they could Annonces The objective of these conferences is to provide a collaborate to create a synergy. 19 Interview focussed forum for discussion and dissemination of Interview architectural research findings, philosophies, ● To examine the links between researchers and 29 Article approaches and potentials. practitioners and explore the potentiality they Article create for each other. 34 Reports The Architectural Research Centres Consortium Rapports (ARCC) is an international association of architec- ● To examine current research collaborations 42 Article tural research centres committed to the expansion between individual schools and between Article of the research culture and a supporting infrastruc- schools and practitioners in the areas of design 47 Varia ture in architecture and related design disciplines. methodology, technology, sustainability, Divers Since its foundation as a non-profit corporation in conservation, computers, etc. 51 EAAE Council Information 1976, ARCC has exhibited a concerted commit- Information du conseil AEEA ment to the improvement of the physical environ- 52 Calendar ment and the quality of life. Calendrier Historically, ARCC’s members have been schools of architecture that have made substantial commit- ments to architectural research, often by forming centres. ARCC sponsors workshops, undertakes Editor/Editrice sponsored projects, sustains networks, and Anne Elisabeth Toft exchanges information and experience in architec- Dtp tural schools and beyond. Jacob Ingvartsen Announcements/Annonces

EAAE/ARCC Conference 2004

School of Architecture, DIT, Dublin, Ireland, 2-4 June 2004

Conference Timetable 16.30 Coffee 17.00 Discussion Groups Day 1, Wednesday, June 2, 2004 Stream G/H, Stream J/K Venue: Bolton Street, DIT

08.30 Registration/ Coffee 09.30 Conference opening 18.00 Plenary Session 09.45 Keynote Speech by Chris Luebkeman 18.30 Close of Conference 10.30 Session One: Plenary Session, Four Papers 19.00 Wine Reception & Exhibition of School of 12.30 Questions & Answers Architecture 13.00 Lunch 14.00 Session Two Stream A, Stream B Day 4, Saturday, June 5, 2004 16.00 Coffee Venue: Varies 17.00 Discussion Groups Stream A, Stream B Guided Tours of Dublin 18.00 Plenary Session 12.00 End of Tours 18.30 Close Day 1 20.00 Conference Dinner

Day 2, Thursday, June 3, 2004 ● Chris Luebkeman Venue: Botanic Gardens Prof. Luebkeman is an engineer and architect, currently a director of research and develop- 08.30 Coffee ment with Arup. He has taught at University of 09.15 Keynote Speech by Ciaran O’Connor Oregon, ETH in Zurich, Chinese University of 10.00 Session Three Hong Kong and at MIT. Stream C, Stream D 12.30 Lunch ● Ciaran O’Connor 14.00 Session Four Mr. O’Connor is the assist. principal architect Stream E, Stream F in the Office of Public Works. He has won 16.30 Coffee numerous architectural awards for his work 17.00 Discussion Groups chiefly: the Europa Nostra Gold Medal 1997, Stream C/D, Stream E/F the RIAI Triennial Restoration Medal 2001. 18.00 Plenary Session His work has been extensively published and 18.30 Close Day 2 exhibited in Ireland and abroad. He is actively 20.00 Evening in Dublin involved in promoting standards in construc- tion and education.

Day 3, Friday, June 04 2004 ● Prof. Brian Norton Conference Co-ordinator Venue: Bolton Street, DIT Prof. Norton is president of DIT. He has made major theoretical and experimental contribu- Eddie O’Shea 08.30 Coffee tions to research in solar energy. His work is School of Architecture, DIT 09.15 Keynote Speech by Prof. Brian Norton cited extensively internationally. He has Bolton Street 10.00 Session Five received numerous awards chiefly: the gold Dublin 1, Ireland Stream G, Stream H medal of the Amir of Bahrain for outstanding [email protected] 13.00 Lunch achievement in solar thermal applications,1996 Tel.: ++353-14023689 14.00 Session Six Napier Shaw medal & 1999 Roscoe Award of Fax.:++ 353-14023989 Stream J, Stream K the Institute of Energy.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 2 Editorial/Editorial

Editorial News Sheet Editor - Anne Elisabeth Toft

Dear Reader Cher lecteur

Which competences are essential for an architect to Quelles sont les compétences importantes qu’un possess? architecte doit posséder ? Which competences should the architectural Quelles sont les compétences que l’enseignement de education give the students? l’architecture doit apporter aux étudiants ?

These two basic questions are often raised and Ces deux questions fondamentales sont fréquemment discussed in the European Association for soulevées et discutées au sein de l’Association euro- Architectural Education. In recent years – espe- péenne pour l’enseignement de l’Architecture.Au cially after the formulation of the Bologna long des dernières années – notamment après la Declaration in 1999 – the questions have been Déclaration de Bologne formulée en 1999 – ces ques- quite central for among others the discussions at tions ont été le pivot autour duquel tournent les the EAAE’s annual Meeting of Heads of European débats de la Conférence annuelle des Directeurs des Schools of Architecture. Ecoles d’Architecture européennes de l’AEEA.

The questions are also discussed outside the EAAE. Ces questions sont aussi débattues en dehors de In September 2003, for instance, the questions l’AEEA. En septembre 2003 elles ont par exemple été formed the starting point of three days of intense à la base de trois jours de discussions intenses au 16e discussions at the 16th International Design Forum international pour le Design à Ulm.1 Le Forum Ulm. 1 The 16th annual symposium of the 16e Symposium du Forum International pour le International Design Forum Ulm - entitled Design à Ulm – intitulé Positionning Design and Positioning Design and Architecture, From Architecture, From Training and Study to a Training and Study to a Career? - focused on the Career? Positionner le design et l’architecture, de fundamental subject of education and professional la formation et des études à une carrière ?) était life for designers and architects. The symposium consacré au sujet fondamental de l’enseignement took place in Ulm, Germany, from 19 to 21 et de la vie professionnelle des designers et des September 2003 and brought together leading architectes. Ce symposium, tenu à Ulm en figures from within the fields of cultural theory, Allemagne du 19 au 21 septembre 2003, a rassemblé architecture and design from around the world. des quatre coins du monde les principales personna- Among the keynote speakers were German archi- lités dans les champs de la théorie de la culture, de tect Ole Scheeren and German designer and l’architecture et du design. Parmi les orateurs de design theorist Dr Réne Spitz. renom, citons l’architecte allemand Ole Scheeren, ainsi que le Dr. René Spitz, designer et théoricien du design.

I am very happy to be able to present an interview Je suis heureuse de vous présenter une interview avec with Ole Scheeren. The interview took place on 20 Ole Scheeren. Cette interview a eu lieu le 20 September 2004 in connection with the above septembre 2003 à l’occasion du symposium déjà symposium. mentionné.

Ole Scheeren is a partner at the Office for Ole Scheeren est co-propriétaire du Bureau Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) in Rotterdam, d’Architecture métropolitaine (OMA) à Rotterdam The Netherlands. Since 1999 he has been leading aux Pays-Bas. Directeur du Bureau depuis 1999, il the office as director and is in charge of a number est responsable de plusieurs grands projets de of OMA’s large projects – among others the China l’OMA – parmi lesquels la Chaîne de Télévision Central Television Station (CCTV) in Beijing, centrale de Chine (CCTV) à Beijing, Chine, le China; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art LACMA (Los Angeles County Museum of Art), Los (LACMA), Los Angeles, USA; as well as the new Angeles, USA, ainsi que le nouveau concept de concept for the Italian fashion company Prada maison de mode italienne, Prada, avec ses

3 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Editorial/Editorial

with stores in New York, Los Angeles and San boutiques à New York, à Los Angeles et à San Francisco. Francisco. On page 19 you can read the interview: Voyez en page 19 notre interview avec Ole Scheeren: A Question of Position with Ole Scheeren. A Question of Position (Une question de prise de position).

I am also very happy to present Dr René Spitz’ J’ai aussi l’immense plaisir de vous présenter le keynote speech: Risiko Ausbildung – discours du Dr. René Spitz: Risiko Ausbildung – Risikoausbildung. In the keynote speech Dr René Risikoausbildung. Dans ce discours, le Dr. René Spitz perspectivates the current educational situa- Spitz met en perspective la situation actuelle de l’en- tion in Germany, among other things by describ- seignement en Allemagne, entre autres en décrivant ing a number of thought-provoking scenarios. toute une série d’étonnants scénarios. The speech is in German and is published in this Ce discours est rédigé en allemand et publié dans le issue of the EAAE News Sheet in the original présent Bulletin de l’AEEA en langue originale. Vous language. The EAAE News Sheet normally only avez sans doute remarqué que le Bulletin de l’AEEA includes texts in English and French. As editor I ne présente habituellement que des textes anglais et have taken the liberty to make an exception from français. Je me permets exceptionnellement de déro- this rule as I think that Dr René Spitz’ speech is ger à cette règle en qualité de rédactrice, parce que je not immediately suited for translation. pense que le discours du Dr. René Spitz est difficile- ment traduisible.

Dr René Spitz studied history, German studies and Le Dr. René Spitz a étudié l’histoire, l’allemand et communication sciences in Munich and Cologne. les sciences de la communication à Munich et à He completed his studies in Cologne (Universität Cologne. Il a complété ses études en 1997 à zu Köln) in 1997 with a doctoral thesis on the l’Université de Cologne par une thèse de doctorat sur political history of the Ulm School of Design l’histoire politique de l’Ecole de Design d’Ulm (HfG) 1953-1968. Since 1998 he has been a part- (HfG) entre 1953 et 1968. Depuis 1998 il est co- ner of the advertising agency rendel & spitz, propriétaire de l’agence de publicité rendel & spitz, Cologne. Since 2002 he has been a lecturer (design Cologne. En 2002, il devient titulaire d’une chaire history, design theory, design criticism) in universitaire (histoire du design, théorie du design, Wuppertal (Bergische Universität), Düsseldorf critique du design) à Wuppertal (Bergische (Akademie für Kommunikationsdesign), and Universität), à Düsseldorf (Académie du Design de Cologne (ecosign Academie für Design). He has la Communication) et à Cologne (ecosign). Il a reçu received several internationally acclaimed design plusieurs récompenses internationales pour son awards. He writes about design and design matters, design. Ses écrits portent sur le design et les thèmes and has had a number of books and articles assimilés et il a publié plusieurs œuvres et articles sur published on the subject. In addition to this he is a ces sujets. Sans oublier qu’il est Membre du Conseil member of the Advisory Board of the Stiftung consultatif de la Fondation Hochschule für Hochschule für Gestaltung, Ulm (Foundation Ulm Gestaltung, à Ulm. School of Design). Le discours du Dr. Spitz vous est présenté en page You can read Dr Spitz’ keynote speech on page 292 29.2

The EAAE elected a new president last year. At the L’AEEA a changé de Président l’année passée. A l’oc- EAAE General Assembly on Friday 5 September casion de l’Assemblée générale de l’AEEA le 2003 the presidency was passed on from Herman vendredi 5 septembre 2003, Herman Neuckermans Neuckermans (Belgium) to Vice-President James (Belgique) a passé la présidence au Vice-Président Horan (Ireland). According to the traditional prac- James Horan (Irlande). Selon la pratique habituelle, tise the General Assembly took place in connec- l’Assemblée générale s’est tenue à l’occasion de la tion with the EAAE’s annual Meeting of Heads of Conférence annuelle des Directeurs des Ecoles European Schools of Architecture. d’Architecture européennes. In the EAAE News Sheet # 67 you could read Vous avez pu lire en anglais le discours de départ de Herman Neuckermans’ resignation speech in Herman Neuckermans dans le Bulletin # 67 de English. You could also read James Horan’s inau- l’AEEA. Vous y avez également trouvé le discours gural speech in English.3 inaugural de James Horan en anglais.3

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 4 Editorial/Editorial

Both speeches are published again in this issue – Ces deux discours vous sont à nouveau présentés now in French. On page 34 you can read Herman dans le présent Bulletin – en leur version française Neuckermans’ speech Tout comptes fait, and on cette fois. Vous pouvez lire en page 34 le discours de page 36 you will find James Horan’s speech Herman Neuckermans Tous comptes faits, et en Discours inaugural en qualité de Président de page 36 celui de James Horan Discours inaugural l’AEEA. en qualité de Président de l’AEEA.

As mentioned before the change of president took Le changement de Présidence s’est déroulé comme place during the EAAE’s annual Meeting of Heads nous l’avons dit à la Conférence annuelle des of European Schools of Architecture. The keynote Directeurs des Ecoles d’Architecture européennes speaker at the meeting was in 2003 Professor John de l’AEEA. Le principal orateur de la Conférence Habraken. était en 2003 le Professeur John Habraken. John Habraken is a Dutch architect, Emeritus John Habraken est un architecte néerlandais, Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Professeur émérite de l’Institut de Technologie du Technology (MIT) and for a number of years Massachusetts (MIT) et pendant un certain nombre Head of the Department of Architecture there. d’années, Directeur du Département d’Architecture. I am very happy to be able to present Professor J’ai l’honneur de pouvoir vous présenter le Discours John Habraken’s keynote speech Questions That du Professeur John Habraken Questions That Will Will Not Go Away: Some Remarks on Long-Term Not Go Away (Questions qui s’obstinent). Some Trends in Architecture and Their Impact on Remarks on Long-Term Trends in Architecture Architectural Education. You will find Professor and Their Impact on Architectural Education Habraken’s speech on page 42.4 (Quelques remarques sur les tendances à long terme en architecture et leur impact sur l’ensei- gnement de l’architecture). Le discours du Professeur Habraken se trouve en page 42. 4

This issue of the EAAE News Sheet includes the Le présent Bulletin de l’AEEA annonce en outre une following announcements: série d’événements:

On page 15 you can read about the EAAE Prize Voyez en page 15 le Prix de l’AEEA 2003-2005 – 2003-2005 – Writings in Architectural Education. Ecrits sur l’Enseignement de l’architecture. Le The EAAE Prize was first awarded in 1991. Since Prix de l’AEEA, décerné pour la première fois en 2001 the prize has been sponsored by VELUX. 1991, est sponsorisé par VELUX depuis 2001.

VELUX is also the initiator of a brand new award VELUX sponsorise de même un tout nouveau – the International VELUX Award 2004 – Light of concours – le Prix international VELUX 2004 – Tomorrow. The award is given to students or a Lumière de demain. Ce concours s’adresse à des team of students of architecture every second year. étudiants ou groupes d’étudiants d’architecture de On page 12 you can read more about the award, seconde année. Voyez en page 12 les détails de cette which was given for the first time in 2004. récompense qui sera attribuée pour la première fois en 2004.

On page 18 you can read the latest news about the Les dernières nouvelles du Concours d’architecture EAAE/AG2R Architectural Competition: The de l’AEEA/AG2R vous sont présentées en page 18. Architecture for the Third and Fourth Age – The The Architecture for the Third and Fourth Architectural Environment for the Elderly. Age – The Architectural Environment for the Completed projects for this competition should be Elderly (Architecture pour le troisième et le submitted by 1 May 2004. quatrième âge – Environnement architectural pour les personnes âgées). Les projets à soumettre à ce Concours devront être présentés avant le 1er mai 2004.

The European Symposium on Research in Le Journées européennes de la Recherche archi- Architecture and Urban Design, 12 to 14 May tecturale et urbaine, qui se tiendront entre le 12 et

5 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Editorial/Editorial

2004, aims to address the harmonisation of le 14 mai 2004, sont consacrées à l’harmonisation doctoral programmes and degrees, taking into des programmes et diplômes doctoraux, compte tenu account the diversity of approaches, subjects, prac- de la diversité des approches, sujets, pratiques et tices, and scientific publications. The symposium - publications scientifiques. Ces Journées – qui concré- which will be the first meeting of European tiseront la première réunion des Chercheurs euro- Architecture Researchers - is organised by the péens en architecture - sont organisées par la Architecture and Heritage Department of the Direction de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine du French Ministry of Culture and Communication. Ministère français de la Culture et la The symposium is supported by the EAAE. Communication. On page 8 you can read more about the sympo- Ces Journées sont soutenues par l’AEEA. sium which will be hosted by the School of Nous vous invitons en page 8 à vous informer sur cet Architecture of Marseilles, France. événement qui se déroulera à l’Ecole d’Architecture de Marseille, France.

The EAAE/ARCC Conference 2004 will take place La Conférence 2004 de l’AEEA/ARCC aura lieu à at the School of Architecture, DIT, Dublin, l’Ecole d’Architecture de Dublin, DIT, en Irlande, Ireland, in the beginning of June. The proposed début juin. Cette Conférence conclut une série de conference will be the latest in a series of interna- conférences internationales sur la recherche appuyées tional research conferences sponsored jointly by conjointement par l’AEEA et l’ARCC.Les the EAAE and the ARCC. Previous conferences Conférences précédentes se sont tenues à Raleigh, en were held in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Paris, Caroline du Nord, à Paris, en France, et à Montréal, France and Montreal, Canada. au Canada. The heading of this year’s conference is: Between Le thème principal de cette conférence annuelle est Research and Practise. De la Recherche à la Pratique. You can read more about the conference on page Plus de détails sur cette conférence en page 1. 1.

On page 9 you can read about the international Une autre conférence internationale retiendra votre conference The European City. Architectural attention en page 9 : La ville européenne. Interventions and Urban Transformation. The Interventions architecturales et Transformation conference is organised by the Faculty of urbaine. Cette Conférence est organisée par la Architecture, DTU, The Netherlands, and the Faculté d’Architecture, DTU, aux Pays-Bas, et Henry van de Velde Institute, Antwerp, Belgium, Henry van de Velde Institute, Anvers, en Belgique, in co-operation with the EAAE. The conference en coopération avec l’AEEA. La Conférence a lieu du takes place from 27 to 30 October 2004. Invited 27 au 30 octobre 2004. Parmi les orateurs invités à la keynote speakers to this conference are: Zaha Conférence, citons : Zaha Hadid, Renzo Piano, Jo Hadid, Renzo Piano, Jo Coenen, Françoise Choay Coenen, Françoise Choay et Anne Vernez and Anne Vernez Moudon. Moudon.

Yours sincerely Sincèrement

Anne Elisabeth Toft Anne Elisabeth Toft

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 6 Editorial/Editorial

Notes and References Notes et références :

1. For further information on the 16th 1. Pour plus d’information sur le 16e Forum inter- International Design Forum Ulm: www.ifg- national pour le Design, Ulm: www.ifg-ulm.de ulm.de

2. Dr René Spitz’ keynote speech will be 2. Le discours du Dr. René Spitz sera publié dans le published in the proceedings publication from recueil d’exposés du 16e Forum international the 16th International Design Forum Ulm. pour le Design, Ulm. Pour plus de détails : For further information: www.ifg-ulm.de www.ifg-ulm.de

3. Neuckermans, Herman: A Farewell to Arms. 3. Neuckermans, Herman: A Farewell to Arms In: EAAE News Sheet # 67, October 2003, p. (L’Adieu aux armes). Bulletin #67 de l’AEEA, 17-18 Octobre 2003, p. 17-18.

Horan, James: Inaugural Address as President Horan, James: Discours inaugural en qualité de of EAAE. In: EAAE News Sheet # 67, October Président de l’AEEA. Bulletin #67 de l’AEEA, 2003, p. 19-22 Octobre 2003, p. 19-22.

4. Professor John Habraken’s keynote speech will 4. Le Discours du Professeur John Habraken sera be published in the proceedings publication publié dans le recueil d’exposés de la 6e Réunion from the 6th Meeting of Heads of European des Directeurs des Ecoles d’Architecture euro- Schools of Architecture. The transcript of John péennes. La transcription du discours de John Habraken’s speech was written by Maria Habraken a été assurée par Maria Voyatzaki et Voyatzaki and Constantin Spiridonidis. Constantin Spiridonidis.

7 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Announcements/Annonces

European Symposium on Research in Architecture and Urban Design / Journees europeennes de la recherche architectur et urbaine School of Architecture of Marseilles, May 12-14, 2004 / L'école d'architecture de Marseille-Luminy, Mai 12-14, 2004

Considering the implementation of doctoral La question doctorale studies in architecture

This first meeting of European Architecture Cette première rencontre européenne des chercheurs en Researchers is organised by the Architecture and architecture est organisée à l'initiative de la Direction Heritage Department of the French Ministry for de l'Architecture et du Patrimoine du Ministère de la Culture and Communication. The Sorbonne Culture et de la Communication. La déclaration de la declaration on 25 May 1998 and the Bologna Sorbonne du 25 mai 1998 et la déclaration de Bologne declaration on 19 June 1999 confirmed that it was du 19 juin 1999 ont confirmé l'importance de l'harmo- important to harmonise the course programmes nisation des cursus dans les établissements d'enseigne- offered in institutions of higher education in 29 ment supérieur au sein de 29 pays européens. Dans le European countries. Further to these statements, prolongement de ces déclarations, la réforme de l'ensei- programmes in French schools of architecture are gnement des écoles d'architecture a été mise en chantier. being reformed. Ces Journées Européennes de la Recherche The European Symposium on Research in Architecturale et Urbaine à Marseille, soutenues Architecture and Urban Design in Marseilles, notamment par l'Association Européenne pour supported by the European Association for l'Enseignement de l'Architecture (AEEA), se proposent Architectural Education (EAAE), aims to address d'appréhender la question doctorale parce que s'ex- the harmonisation of doctoral programmes and prime là, dans les approches, les objets, les pratiques et degrees, taking into account the diversity of les productions scientifiques, une diversité qui ne approaches, subjects, practices, and scientific devrait pas échapper à l'ambition d'harmonisation publications. européenne des cursus et des diplômes. Au delà d'un The topics that will be developed during the état des lieux institutionnel nécessaire mais pas suffi- symposium shall help design the Ph.D in sant, les thématiques retenues pour ces journées d'étude Architecture and foresee the future of research in doivent permettre d'appréhender les définitions architecture and urban design. This approach goes possibles du doctorat en architecture et les évolutions de far beyond the obligatory survey of current prac- la recherche architecturale et urbaine. Ce colloque tices focusing on institutions and related organisa- offrira à ses participants l'occasion de renforcer les tions.This symposium will enable its participants collaborations européennes existantes et d'envisager de to strengthen existing European collaboration and nouvelles dynamiques scientifiques. to engage in starting new scientific exchanges and projects. For further information, please visit the EURAU website : Topics Programme des journées www.culture.fr/eurau2004 or contact: The four following topics are open to European Quatre sessions de communication sont ouvertes aux [email protected] researchers, professors, teachers, recent Ph.Ds and chercheurs confirmés, aux enseignants- chercheurs, aux doctoral students involved in research in architec- jeunes docteurs et aux doctorants européens impliqués ture and urban design. dans la recherche architecturale et urbaine. Carole Koch Id International ● Doctoral research and architectural projects ● La recherche doctorale et le projet Marketing du Développement ● Architecture and education subjects ● L'architecture et les disciplines Economique et Touristique ● The thesis: experiencing multi-diciplinary work ● La thèse, laboratoire de l'interdisciplinarité 99, Boulevard Périer - 1 ● Scientific research and professional stakes ● La recherche scientifique et les enjeux professionnels 3008 Marseille Tél. & Fax. +33 (0)4 91 37 97 49 Dates importantes Mobile. +33 (0)6 83 06 07 34 Deadlines [email protected] - ● Réception des résumés au plus tard le 19 mars 04. numéro siret 444 601 579 00014 ● Abstract submission by March 19 04. ● Notification aux auteurs au plus tard le 2 mars 04. ● Notification to authors by April 2 04. ● Envoi de la version finale des articles au plus tard 23 ● Final text submission by April 23 04. avril 04.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 8 Announcements/Annonces

The European City. Architectural Interventions and Urban Transformations Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands & Henry van de Velde Institute, Antwerp, Belgium. 27 - 30 October 2004

Key words: tion, or has it by now become an anachronism? The conference committee invites professionals Research by design, urban transformation, archi- from both research and practice dealing with the tectural interventions, typo-morphological stud- built environment (architecture, urbanism, geogra- ies, the European city, urban architecture. phy, history, archeology) to send in abstracts for papers on one of the following sub-themes:

Theme of the conference: A: Typo-morphological studies: The history of Western architecture is intimately bound up with the development of the European Plan-analytical studies of urban areas in city. From Antiquity to Gothic times, through the European cities that investigate the coherence ages of the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism, between the urban morphology and building into the industrial era, the subsequent urban typology, both now and in the past. architectures determined the characteristic composite form of the European city. Sub-questions:

This conference wants to investigate the role and ● Which are the typological and morpho- impact of the architectural projects on the formal logical elements that characterize the identity of the European city. In what way do specific form of the European city? architectural interventions contribute to and ● How do transformations in urban catalyze the process of transformation and renewal morphology effect changes in building of existing urban areas, both now and in the past? typologies, and visa versa? Which are the programmes, typologies and architectural languages that anticipate these continues processes of urban transformation in B: Research by Design Europe? Design studies for urban areas in European But also: can the architectural idea of a ‘European cities that investigate the spatial potential for city’ still persist, in a time of ongoing globaliza- transformation and renewal by means of

9 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Announcements/Annonces

concrete design proposals: architectural inter- name, position, affiliation, phone, fax, e-mail and ventions. correspondence address of the author(s). The second page contains the title, theme, keywords Sub-questions: and the abstract itself, without indication of the author. Abstracts should be send by e-mail both as ● Which building typologies, programmes attachment in MS-Word-format and within the and architectural languages can body of the e-mail to: [email protected]. contribute to the renewal of urban areas? The text file should be named: ‘abstract-your last ● How to relate new architectural interven- name.DOC’. tions to the existing urban and built Please write in the subject box of the e-mail: structures? ‘conference abstract’.

Abstracts can be accompanied by 1 digital illustra- C: Theoretical studies tion, maximum 1.5 MB, saved as ‘jpeg’ file with a resolution of 300 dpi. The illustration should be Investigations into the theories, methods and named ‘illabstract-your last name.JPEG’, and send techniques of typo-morphological research as attachment by e-mail. and architectural design. Please write in the subject box of the e-mail: ‘conference illabstract’. Sub-questions:

● Why and how should typo-morphology Conference language be a pre-requisite for architectural design? All abstracts and papers are expected to be written ● Which are the innovative ideas and tech- and presented in English. niques in the field of design methodol- ogy and design studies? Conference publications

Call for papers All accepted abstracts will be published in a conference book, which will be available to all Abstracts with proposals for papers on one of the registered participants at the moment of registra- mentioned sub-themes should be send by 30 April tion. A selection of full papers will be published in 2004 to the conference committee. The committee the conference proceedings, to be send to the will blind peer-review the abstracts, after which a participants after the conference. notice of acceptance will be sent to the authors by June 2004. If accepted, the participant is requested to send a full paper of 4000 words or less before 30 Conference registration September 2004, to be presented on the conference in October. Participants have to register in advance by sending in a registration form before September 2004.The As there are a limited number of places available registration fee is 250 euro; for EAAE members for this conference, the reviewing of abstracts will 200 euro. This fee includes participation to the be strict. Their selection will be based on: relevance conference, receptions, 3 lunches and 2 dinners, to the conference themes, significance of the topic, transfer by bus Delft-Antwerp v.v., a conference originality of the approach, scientific quality the book and the proceedings. Please note that hotel research or design project, creativity of the propos- accommodation and travel are not included in this als and solutions, balanced structure and clearness fee. of style.

Keynote speakers (invited): Abstract format The conference committee invited 3 architects and Abstracts should not exceed 400 words. The first 2 theorists to reflect on the questions mentioned in page must contain the following data: title abstract, the sub-themes, both from their experience in

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 10 Announcements/Annonces

practice as in their teaching and research at the Programme: university. ● Zaha Hadid Wednesday, 27 October, Delft ● Renzo Piano Evening: reception & registration ● Jo Coenen ● Françoise Choay Thursday, 28 October, Delft ● Anne Vernez Moudon Opening conference Key-note speaker(s) Although starting form different architectural Morning paper sessions perspectives, these architects/theorists share the Lunch idea that through architectural interventions we Afternoon paper sessions continuously shape and re-shape the city. Key-note speaker Dinner buffet

Scientific committee: Friday, 29 October, Delft Morning paper sessions ● Prof. Leen van Duin, Lunch Delft University of Technology Afternoon paper sessions ● Prof. S.Umberto Barbieri, Key-note speaker Delft University of Technology Reception ● Assoc. prof. Henk Engel, Delft University of Technology Saturday, 30 October, Antwerp ● Prof. Richard Foqué, Transfer to Antwerp by bus v/d Velde Institute, Antwerp Key-note speaker ● Prof. dr. Piet Lombaerde, Closing plenary discussion v/d Velde Institute, Antwerp Lunch ● Prof. James Horan, Excursion city of Antwerp president of the EAAE, Farewell dinner Dublin School of Architecture Transfer to Delft by bus ● Prof. Vittorio Lampugnani, ETH-Zürich ● Prof. Antonio Monestiroli, Correspondence Politecnico di Milano Delft University of Technology Faculty of Architecture Organizing committee: Mrs. Annemieke Bal-Sanders, room 3.10 Berlageweg 1 ● Assis. prof. Roberto Cavallo, Delft University of 2628 CR Delft Technology The Netherlands ● Assis. prof. François Claessens, Delft University of Technology Telephone: (+31) 15 2781296 ● Assis. prof. Filip Geerts, Delft University of Fax: (+31) 15 2781028 Technology ● Assis. prof. Esther Gramsbergen, Delft e-mail: [email protected] University of Technology ● Assis. prof. Koen van Kleempoel, v/d Velde Institute, Antwerp Time table: ● Assis. prof. Susanne Komossa, Delft University of Technology ● Call for Papers: November 2003 ● Assis. prof. Marc Schoonderbeek, Delft ● Deadline abstracts: 30 April 2004 University of Technology ● Reviewing abstracts: May 2004 ● Assis. prof. Willemijn Wilms Floet, Delft ● Notification on abstracts: June 2004 University of Technology ● Deadline conference registration: 30 ● Mrs. Annemieke Bal-Sanders, Delft University September 2004 of Technology ● Deadline full papers: 30 September 2004

11 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Announcements/Annonces

International VELUX Award 2004 for students of architecture

Light of Tomorrow

Scope their tutors as well. The tutors of the projects will be awarded a tutors’ award. Daylight has been an implicit part of architecture for as long as buildings have existed. Daylight has The International VELUX Award is organised in been used for centuries as the primary source of co-operation with UIA, International Union of light for the interior. Daylighting schemes have Architects and EAAE, European Association for been designed to allow maximum penetration of Architectural Education. daylight into the building and to help avoid unde- sired heat gain as well as direct or reflected glare. Who can enter? Daylight and sunlight play a determining role in how buildings are perceived and used. Daylight has The award is open to any registered student of a major influence on people and is crucial for the architecture at schools in Europe; Albania, Austria, visual comfort as well as for the health and well- Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, being of people who work or live in a building. Czech Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, But in the course of recent developments of new Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, technologies, there has been a setback in the role of Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, daylight in design prioritising. Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, The International VELUX Award wants to pay Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, tribute to daylight just as it wants to discuss, stim- Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United ulate and re-think the virtues and values of archi- Kingdom and Yugoslavia. tecture with conscious daylighting design. The award aims at projects with specific focus on The award welcomes projects from individuals or volumes with high visual quality and interior groups of students, who are students during the comfort in order to add quality to people’s lives study year 2003-2004. Submitted projects have to and living environments. be prepared during the study year 2002/03 or The award encourages innovative use of 2003/04. Projects made by interdisciplinary teams daylight in buildings, and the projects should (including engineering, design, etc) are encouraged demonstrate that daylighting has been considered and welcomed. in depth. The award aims not only at projects that have All participating projects must be nominated by a been elaborated in detail - but also at projects named teacher/tutor. Evidence of the recommen- based on conceptual ideas or reflections. dation and supervision of the schools should be available in the form of a letter or certificate.

The award There is no limit to the number of entries from each school, but participating schools should focus The International VELUX Award - Light of tomor- on the total number of projects coming from the row - is given to students (or a team of students) of school and in that way guarantee and secure the architecture every second year (the first time in quality of submitted study projects. 2004).

The International VELUX Award celebrates and Schedule promotes excellence in completed study works. Entries can be made for study work complying ● Opening of registration: 5 January 2004 with the initial prize scope on re-thinking the ● Registration ends: 15 April 2004 values of conscious daylighting design - including ● Deadline for questions: 15 May 2004 any building type or scale with focus on people’s ● Deadline for answers to questions: living or working environments. 31 May 2004 ● Submission deadline for handing in or The International VELUX Award wants to dispatching entries (postmark will be proof): acknowledge and reward not only the students but 31 July 2004

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 12 Announcements/Annonces

● Entries posted on the closing date must be on any part of the material. All material must be received by the organizer before 22 August clearly marked with personal code, consisting of 2004 two letters and four random numbers (e.g. ● Jury meetings in September 2004 AZ2637). This code should be printed at the lower ● Award ceremony in September 2004 right hand corner of all submitted drawings and ● Official announcement of results in September documents. 2004 ● Public exhibition of entries in September 2004 ● Yearbook to be published in 2005 Entry form

Each entry will be accompanied by an opaque Registration sealed envelope on the outside of which will be written the competitor’s identification code and Participants should register their intention to which will contain the entry form giving the participate on a completed registration form student’s name(s), professor’s/tutor’s name, school including students´ name(s), professor's/tutor's and country, e-mail, telephone and fax numbers. If name, school and country, and send it to the the entry is made by a team, the names of all following address: International VELUX Award, members should be included. Aadalsvej 99, DK 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark before 15 April 2004. Entry deadline Registration can also be made online at www.velux.com/A Deadline for receipt of entries is 31 July 2004

Further details and questions Delivery and courier

For further information please send a letter to Entries should be properly packaged and sent to: International VELUX Award, Aadalsvej 99, DK 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark or mail to International VELUX Award, [email protected]. Aadalsvej 99, DK 2970 Hoersholm, All questions and supplementary information will Denmark. be available at www.VELUX.com/A Please ensure that the entries are delivered by the closing date. Entries posted on the closing date Material to be submitted (postmark will be proof) will be accepted but must be received before 22 August 2004. Each entry must be presented on two A1 sized The organizer will not accept any courier charges (lightweight art) boards (594 mm x 840 mm) - or taxes resulting from delivery. landscape position (one above the other, total height = 1188 mm and width = 840 mm), and must include project documentation in the form Categories of drawings, model photos, visualisations etc and an explanatory text in English. The text on the No specific award categories are defined before- boards must also be submitted in a paper version hand but entries could address the following areas: (A4) in English; maximum two pages (800 words). ● Building design - newly-built or refurbished: Housing, offices, schools, recreational, cultural Submission of material, anonymity or municipal buildings.

To ensure anonymity in judging, no names of ● Daylighting concepts: conceptual ideas or entrants, teachers, schools or country must appear drafts on daylighting techniques in buildings.

13 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Announcements/Annonces

The jury scholarship) or practice (further development of the project, idea/sparring with a professional All entries will be evaluated by the following jury office). (To be decided together with the winners). members: Up to 20 projects in total will be short-listed for ● Glenn Murcutt honorary mention and an award trophy. Glenn Murcutt Architect, Australia ● Farshid Moussavi All awarded and mentioned projects will be Architect, Director, Foreign Office Architects, included in a yearbook produced in collaboration United Kingdom with a leading publisher. ● Craig Dykers Architect, Project Director, Snöhetta, Norway ● Ole Bouman Award ceremony Architect, Editor in Chief, Archis, the Netherlands The International VELUX Award presentation ● Ahmet Gülgönen ceremony will be held in September 2004. Architect, UIA representative, France All winners of prizes and honorary mentions will ● James F. Horan receive an invitation to the event and be presented Architect, EAAE president, Ireland, with a trophy. ● Michael Pack General Manager, VELUX, Germany Exhibition Two deputy jury members will be appointed if necessary. All winning projects will be exhibited at the award ceremony (and at the schools of the 1st and 2nd More information about the jury - including CVs prize winners by further agreement.) - is available at www.VELUX.com/A

Other media Criteria Information on all winning entries will be released The jury will evaluate the entries in accordance to European architectural magazines, newspapers with the following criteria: and other relevant media. The winning entries will Visual daylight quality, innovation, aesthetics, also be published after the award ceremony. Photos functionality, sustainability, interaction of build- of the winning projects will also be published by ings with their environment (climatically as well as the UIA. geographically).

Return of entries Prizes Entries will not be returned. The total prize money is 30,000 euro. The jury will award a number of prize winners and honourable mentions.1st prize will be mini- Submission conditions mum 8,000 euro for the student(s) and 2,000 euro for the tutor(s). 2nd prizes will be minimum 4,000 By entering the International VELUX Award, the euro for the student(s) and 1,000 euro for the authors accept that the UIA, EAAE as well as tutor(s). VELUX publish and disseminate the winning Prizes can be a money prize or be tailored to projects at exhibitions, in publications and at support the students’ further education (travel, websites.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 14 Announcements/Annonces

EAAE Prize 2003-2005 - Writings in Architectural Education EAAE Project Leader, Ebbe Harder

How will the demands of the information society The EAAE hereby invites all schools of architecture and ”new knowledge” affect the demand for rele- in Europe and the ARCC member institutions in vant or necessary ”know how” in architectural the USA to participate in the EAAE Prize of 2003- education? 2005.

The EAAE Prize aims to stimulate original writings In early October 2003 all schools will receive the on the subject of architectural education in order competition material, and from October 15 the to improve the quality of architectural teaching in material and general conditions of the competition Europe. will also be available on the EAAE homepage: Organized biannually the competition will focus public attention on outstanding written work www.eaae.be selected by an international jury. The EAAE Prize was first awarded in 1991 and has been sponsored by VELUX since 2001. Deadline for submission is April 5, 2004

15 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Announcements/Annonces

Background The size should be limited to 33,000 characters, i.e. about 6,000 words, illustrations must have a qual- At present both architectural education and prac- ity suited for both electronic and paper publica- tice are undergoing substantial changes. For many tion. All submitted material must be original, i.e. schools education has moved from the training of has neither been published nor entered for publi- architects to an education in architecture. The cation at the time of entry. The Organizing content is no longer confined to the teaching of Committee will see to it that the contributions are design, but includes a wide range of activities sent to the jury anonymously. The material must within the built environment. Architecture is not be received by the Organizing Committee not later an isolated gesture but is directly influenced by than April 5, 2004. today’s information society. New pedagogical methods and content are called for. The Organizing Committee

The Aim The EAAE Council c/o Ebbe Harder More than ever, future architectural education requires a creative approach to teaching combined The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts with the advancement of architectural research. School of Architecture The aim of the EAAE Prize is to stimulate new Philip de Langes Allé 10 pedagogical initiatives and to communicate these DK-1435 Copenhagen/DENMARK initiatives as related to the broad scope of teaching Tel.: +45 32 68 60 13 and research. Fax: +45 32 68 60 76 [email protected] The EAAE Prize is open to all teaching staff members, part- or full-time, of the EAAE member schools as well as all schools of architecture in Time Table Europe, and members of ARCC schools in the USA. The goal is to stimulate new ideas and The competition will be divided into two phases. methods in architectural education. In the first phase the submissions will anony- mously be evaluated by the jury. The jury will The Task select 12-15 papers, which will be invited to a workshop for discussion and critique. The EAAE Prize calls for papers with the capacity In the second phase starting with the workshop, to improve, challenge, and give room for a the anonymity is broken and the participants will creative debate on architectural education. know their co-competitors for the EAAE Prize.

Theoretically- as well as practically oriented papers The timetable for the competition is the following: are welcome. October 2003: Competition announcement, invitations sent Submission Format out to all European schools and the ARCC member institutions in the USA Submissions may take the form of reports or critical reviews dealing with conceptual or April 5, 2004: methodological developments that make a signifi- Deadline for submission of competition cant contribution to the theme of the competition. material Documents in English will be preferred but documents in French are also acceptable. Out of September 24, 2004 consideration for the jury’s work it will be neces- Jury-meeting in Copenhagen where 12-15 sary to translate the contributions. papers will be selected by the jury. The authors will be invited to attend a work- The contributions must be sent both electronically shop in Copenhagen in November. Their and by regular mail to the Organizing Committee. travel costs, accommodation and 1000 Euro

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 16 Announcements/Annonces

will be offered the finalists to encourage attendance. The awarded papers will be compiled in a special EAAE publication and be distributed free to all November 25-26, 2004 member schools and individual members. Each International workshop in Copenhagen, awarded author will receive 5 complimentary where the finalists will present and discuss copies of the publication. their papers. Jury members will be asked to give a lecture. All awarded entries will be published on the After the workshop, finalists are given the website of VELUX. Non-awarded entries, of which opportunity to improve their papers so that the authors have conveyed their consent on the they are as precise as possible in preparation entry form, may be published as well. ■ for a later publication.

January 2005 Jury selects winners (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th prizes)

February 2005 Announcement of winners

March 2005 EAAE Prize will be awarded in connection with an EAAE Conference.

The Jury

The expert jury will consist of:

● Per Olaf Fjeld (Norway) (Chairman) ● Peter Mackeith (USA) ● Juhani Pallasmaa (Finland) ● Dagmar Richter (Germany) ● Alberto Pérez-Gómez (Canada)

Prizes

The total prize sums up to 25,000 Euro. The jury will distribute the prize sum with up to 10,000 Euro for the 1st prize and between 7,500 and 2,500 Euro for 2nd to 4th prize. The jury can decide to further divide the prize money or not to award certain prizes.

Conditions for submission

By entering the EAAE Prize competition, the authors accept that the EAAE publishes and disseminates the awarded papers. Participants accept the terms of the prize regulations and refrain from any legal action by the sole act of participating. There will be no correspondence on the awarding process.

17 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Announcements/Annonces

EAAE/AG2R Architectural Competition

The Architecture for the Third and Fourth Age – The Architectural Environment for the Elderly

At a meeting of the Council of EAAE in Paris in Jury March 2003 a competition sponsored by AG2R was launched. ● Mario Botta, jury president, Architect, profes- sor, Academie d'Architecture Mendrissio, The competition is open to Schools of Architecture Switzerland who are current members of EAAE. The competi- ● Jean-Michel Knop, Chief of the Office of tion will be conducted and assessed in two phases. Education, Department of Architecture and Heritage - Culture Ministry, Paris, France ● Bruno Fortier, Architect, professor, Ecole Phase One d'Architecture de Belleville, Paris, France ● Emil Barbu Popescu, Architect, professor, The invention and development of a programme University of Architecture and Urbanism, within each competing school to establish the brief Bucharest, Romania and the competition parameters for that school. ● Michael Sten Johnsen, Architect, professor, Aarhus School af Architecture, Denmark ● Pere Riera, Architect, professor, Sant Cugat del Phase Two Valles, Barcelona, Spain ● Constantin Vasilesco, Architect, representative The introduction of this competition programme of AG2R, Paris, France by the schools to their own students who will develop projects based on the parameters estab- lished in Phase One. Registration

Each school will select a maximum of two projects Registration forms may be downloaded from Organizing Committee: to participate in the international competition. website: competition-eaae.ag2r.com or ● AEEA concours-aeea.ag2r.com (french) M.Emil Barbu Popescu Competition Schedule Architect, Professor and should be sent by e.mail to: AEEA Treasurer Completed projects should be submitted by: [email protected] ● AG2R ● 1 May 2004. M.Constantin Vasilesco Content: or by hard-copy to: Counseling architect for AG2R 2 A0 sheets Tel/fax: (33) 01 43 95 50 57 written part AG2R, ● LNA Developpement a CD (necessary for issuing a leaflet) 35 Boulevard Brune, Mme. Elena Hillard 75014 Paris, France. Tel/fax: (33) 01 42 77 95 58 Jury selects winners ● May 15-17, 2004 With the mention: Concours AEEA - AG2R The organisation of the competition is divided between the 3 entities Announcenment of winners mentioned above. Reception: ● May 17, 2004

Exhibition: ● May 15 to 30, 2004

Prizes will be awarded: ● End of May 2004.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 18 Interview/Interview

A Question of Position Interview with the German architect Ole Scheeren, 20 September 2003.

“Can we still assume that the training given to today’s designers and architects is up to the job and fit for the future? Are the skills learnt at college or university sufficient to make a good start within the profession? Which characteristics do you need to be competitive? Can we teach students more than the fundamentals of the disciplines? Doesn’t the secret of success lie in the architect’s own character and a lucky break? How can we match training and practice in order to optimally place career starters in work structures, but also to be able to offer them better starting conditions? What is offered on the market? And what can the market expect? What would prospective employers wish for if we asked them to name the skills and qualities they see lacking in their recruits? Are the efforts to produce standardised, internationally certified degrees gaining recognition in international competition? Will synergies, exchange of knowledge, and interdisciplinary teaching lead to greater economic competitiveness?”

These are just a few of the questions that formed the starting point of the 16th International Design Forum Ulm.1

The symposium took place at the Hochhschule für Gestaltung Ulm in Ulm, Germany, 19-21 September 2003.

Among many international lecturers was keynote speaker Ole Scheeren.

Ole Scheeren is a partner at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Since 1999 he has been leading the office as director and is in charge of a number of OMA’s large projects – among others the China Central Television Station (CCTV) in Beijing, China; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles, USA; as well as the new concept for the Italian fashion company Prada with stores in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco.

EAAE News Sheet Editor Anne Elisabeth Toft interviewed Ole Scheeren in Ulm, Germany, on 20 September 2003.

Today you were a keynote speaker at the 16th the discussion and maybe evoke change or International Design Forum Ulm. The heading of progress. And I think this is the real issue at stake. this year’s conference is: Positioning Design and Architecture, From Training and Study to a Career? One of the things you focused on in your lecture The overall aim of the conference is to examine was how the computer has changed the way and discuss the present situation for architects architects work. You said that in many ways the and designers, those still in training and those computer has caused a problem in architecture. already practising. Could you please elaborate on this? What was the subject of your lecture entitled Architecture – Adjust During Development, I do not want this point to be misunderstood – Develop During Adjustment? I am not at all proclaiming an anti-technological position, I am, on the contrary, very fascinated by Instead of speaking about the current situation at the potentials of digitalization, and I am obviously universities I was speaking more generally about deeply engaged in computers myself. Without the making and thinking of architecture, but I also mobile technology, the entire work process could attempted to relate technical, organisational and not be structured to embrace the complexity of the economical aspects of this process to a more politi- projects we are working on today. But there are cal context. In some ways I think that the entire certain effects that this technology has brought debate about education and the system in itself – about that need to be recognized and dealt with. be it privatisation of universities, be it different strategies in teaching, etc. – is maybe both too The issue I was talking about is not the one of detailed and too remote at the same time, and can shape or form finding either; and what the only lead to partial answers. To me, the fundamen- computer has changed, transformed and surely tal question is really one of a position, and in the also expanded on this side of the architectural end, this means about a somewhat political posi- production is indeed interesting. But the formal tion. There can only be some kind of awareness aspect - or impact - of the computer on architec- and sensibility in this particular sense that can lead ture seems more obvious compared to two

19 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Interview/Interview

phenomena that I will try to describe in more ing tool, but the design process is based on physi- detail: cal tests and simulations. We have large model- The first constitutes a limited insight into the shops and still work a lot with physical substance, world; a restricted perception, due to the compro- from the small and conceptual up to one-to-one mised interface of the computers with the human scale mock-ups. I would like to stress that this has being. The screen, with its limited size and essen- nothing to do with the romantic idea of the archi- tially zero depth, does not allow for a complete tectural studio as “workshop”,and we are not overview of the working process. Draftsmen and proclaiming a “handmade” quality, but the models architects are increasingly dealing with only frac- do connect our designs to a sense and awareness of tions of the whole: the sense of the plan, the draw- physical reality and space that I think is actually ing as such, has disappeared. Parts of a building also visible in our buildings. are often worked on without actually seeing the entire project in its “holistic” quality, and are therefore no longer developed as actual sections in Which role does the architectural drawing play in relation to the whole, but in isolation and frag- the process at OMA? mented. I think this has essentially led to a disper- sal of particles, to a focus on the singular: in other We do a lot of sketching at OMA, but our work words to a seeming victory of the detail over the has never been one that identified the architect’s concept. hand sketch as a “masterpiece”.Therefore, I think there is a deliberate absence of the kind of “thick Another part of this phenomenon could be pen”,artistic impression at OMA. But also of the described as random attack – changes have thin “techno pen”,with its sense of almost scien- become so easy to make, in a drawing for example, tific precision – in fact, the most-used sketching that they have become part of the initial assump- and writing tool in the office - a red Bic ballpoint tion and expectation – strategic thinking is pen that Rem cultivated… is more of an editorial replaced by multiple attempts “to get it right”. tool than an artistic stylus. Is is one that scribbles, writes, corrects – rather than “receives” (an artistic The other effect of the computer is the latent defi- vision). It is more about a pragmatic and in parts nition of architecture as an algorithmic problem maybe even diagrammatic way of thinking – and and the idea that through simulation of specific sketching. processes, through vector-based descriptions, through interactive surfaces, through the apparent When it comes to technical drawings we obviously incorporation of time, there would be a kind of do all the drawings that every architect does: plans, measurable solution; there would be, if you want, sections, elevations, etc., and in that sense nothing an equation with a result. Analysis, no matter with has actually changed, not even with the introduc- which level of sophistication and accuracy it is tion of the computer. However, there is now more carried out, does in itself neither constitute nor and more a numeric, three-dimensional descrip- imply a design as a logical conclusion – as a “solu- tion of ever more complex building geometries tion”.That in itself is obviously a dangerous posi- and a direct translation of those into production tion because it essentially means that you avoid and manufacturing processes. taking any position. It means that since there is something, which is “right”,and almost scientifi- cally justifiable, you are essentially devoid of a crit- Getting back to what you just said about your ical position. I believe that in this respect the “editorial” process at OMA, your partner Rem computer is partly responsible for – or at least part Koolhaas has stated that in the future a “good” of – the depolitisation of architecture. and successful architect will, first and foremost, be someone who is good at “editing”.Likewise, you said in your lecture that today the architect Yesterday one of the other keynote speakers has become a “co-ordinator“.Which “role” do claimed that in most architectural firms physical you think will devolve on us as architects in the models are not made anymore. Do you make future? physical models at OMA? It is undeniable that the architect has become a We (OMA) do not really design with the computer co-ordinator in a context where things have but still rely almost entirely on physical model complexified to such a degree that full expertise making. We obviously use the computer as a draft- can only be held by separate parties; a whole team

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 20 Interview/Interview

of consultants with specialised knowledge is tecture is today governed by market economy. involved in the process of creating increasingly He adds: Unless we break our dependency on the complex structures and constructions – and needs real and recognize architecture as a way of think- to be orchestrated and coordinated. I am, however, ing about old issues, from the most political to the not suggesting to limit the architect’s role to that - most practical; liberate ourselves from eternity to there is a great danger in doing so. The actual work speculate about compelling and immediate new is not only about bringing things together, and issues, such as poverty and the disappearance of creating correct overlaps, but also about choice. nature, architecture will maybe not make the year And this is where the architect as “editor” comes 2050. into play; an editor who is able to understand and What is your opinion of Rem Koolhaas’ state- assess proposals and requirements given to him ment, and how do you see the future for architec- (by clients, engineers, regulations, etc); an editor ture? who is able to construct a complex whole out of all the different particles at work in the design It has been mentioned several times during this process. That again, however, cannot and should symposium that the architect – or at least what we not be the architect’s only position. The architect today understand by this designation – will have has a great responsibility to - proactively - instigate disappeared 35 years from now. directions of thinking, to conceptualise with It is a scenario that to some extent might carry a consultants, throughout the whole design process. certain truth or an inevitable truth. At the same I think it is ultimately the architect’s role to create time, architects have always been good at moaning a kind of common basis for thinking the project. about change and describing their own existence in a very self-pitying way. I believe this is not a very productive position to begin with, and that What is in your opinion the main challenge the architect is forced to confront changes in soci- facing architecture and design today? ety, as he/she remains a player within society - Is globalisation the dominant question? between clients and between a built environment as reality. (Pause) That is a difficult question. I think the I do not think that the architect can withdraw main challenge is perhaps the speed of change from neither a reflection on changes in the politi- associated with it. I think globalisation is and has cal and economical landscape nor the landscape of for sure been one of the very dominant issues. But media, and how architecture, for example, is I would like to argue that globalisation has in some communicated and perceived through media. The ways already reached or superseded its climax. One architect has to learn to master and employ many can see clear signs that the development is taking a new tools simply because they are today part of the new direction. and, illustratively enough, the reality production. I do believe that the role of the collapse and disappearance of some of the architect is changing, but I also believe that within strongest icons of globalisation, from the World the architect’s role - or within a free definition of Trade Centre to the Concorde, are signs of a new the architect’s role - lies an incredible potential. era – a kind of “post regime” that I am not sure we The architect’s profession is one that encompasses can describe in all its aspects or facets yet. Another and requires a very complex and broad way of sign of this new era could very well be the present thinking. This is also the reason why architects role that the European Union and Community today have become a fairly attractive “commodity” play in a global context. With the European Union in society. Architects are now involved in many we experience a concept based on a unification or contexts in which they were not previously accumulation of a series of regional differences involved, for the very reason that they are able to that are not necessarily submerged in a consistent embrace processes. or coherent whole. It rather seems to remain in a condition of continuously negotiating aspects within a larger institution. I think that this in itself Architecture is a social and cultural construction. is an aspect far more differentiated than the early It demands to be understood in context. It there- concepts of globalisation. fore demands to be understood within the context of its consumption, representation and interpretation. According to Rem Koolhaas – and I am referring Does it still make sense to talk about architec- to his acceptance speech given on 30 June 2000 ture as a specific discipline? What is architecture when he was awarded the Pritzker Prize – archi- – and what can it be? What do you think we will

21 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Interview/Interview

“read” as architecture in the future? Who is the see if it is an interesting field – and perhaps vice architect? versa. Why do you think that is? Is this tendency To talk about it as a specific discipline I think is at “only” to be seen as a consequence of commer- some level inevitable because architecture is still a cialisation? profession practised under professional and protective guidelines; there is still the Architects (Long pause) Commercialisation has definitely, as Associations and without membership and registra- you say, led to a “cross-infiltration” of different tion in a country an architect is actually not domains and areas. This has posed new questions allowed to practise architecture. There is still very to architecture itself. Architecture has to accom- much an institutionalised framework that encap- modate increasingly hybrid conditions of usage sulates the architect’s role and profession. For this types and functions and sort of “marry” them into reason alone I think it is inevitable - on certain more and more amalgam-like combinations. What levels at least - to talk about architecture as a is also new in this context is maybe the way in specific discipline and profession. Far more inter- which architecture is employed as a medium and esting is, however, - and that leads up to your in the media, and the way in which it is given new question – the fact that the term “architect” has iconic and representative power – but also how it been “hijacked” and appropriated by many other is celebrated as a sort of cultural “asset” that can be fields: Today there seems to be a whole range of added as a value to anything from commodities to “architects”,from software architects to financial brand identities. architects, even in the context of politics we hear more and more about the architecture of legisla- I think the increasing segmentation of the world tions, agreements, etc. It means that the framework into more and more specialised fields has given implied by the term architect is something that architecture - architecture understood here as an other domains have adapted or used for their own almost common “denominator” or a unifying purposes to illustrate that an architect is someone possibility - a certain importance. Likewise I think who puts together a more complex whole; that an that architecture, perhaps as a blatant declaration architect is someone who is not only a technically of the physically “real”,has gained new importance skilled “doer” but someone who is actually respon- in an increasingly mediated and virtual context. sible for constructing larger strategic or conceptual systems. OMA has an interesting collaboration with the Italian fashion company Prada.3 When OMA was At the last Any conference, which took place in contacted by Prada, the firm had opened more 2000 – the one called Anything – Rem Koolhaas than 200 stores world-wide within two years and, said among other things: as far as I understand, the firm thought it had The inevitable consequence of the market econ- reached the limits of the current definition of the omy has now clearly infiltrated every category of Prada brand. The firm then asked you (OMA) to building. Shopping on its own will tend to survive strategize what it could do in this situation. On less and less, and it is therefore forced to combine the OMA website it says: At a time when commer- itself with activities such as churchgoing and cial activity has invaded all public spaces and education, or with major infrastructural elements cultural institutions, this concept offers a redefini- such as airports. tion of exclusivity: the possibility for public func- This increased pervasiveness over the past ten or tions and programs to reclaim the territory of twenty years has completely transformed the shopping… 4 status of architecture, in the sense that architec- One could claim that OMA is branding Prada, ture (in spite of what we might think from this but that at the same time Prada is branding Any conference, where we still continue to present OMA. Please elaborate on this collaboration and individual buildings) is becoming increasingly its many perspectives for OMA and for the archi- limitless – that in many cases in contemporary tectural discourse. architecture, it is impossible to say where a build- ing begins or ends. 2 The commission from Prada was a very interesting It seems that in recent years architecture has thing to happen to the office – for the first time become a discourse that other fields are very there was an articulated commission by a client curious about. Fashion, art, design and other not only to produce architecture but also to simul- cultural practices are looking to architecture to taneously produce a body of research; to investi-

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 22 Interview/Interview

gate broader conditions, in this case of shopping parameters within the process of architectural defi- and of Prada as a brand in itself. The commission nition. allowed OMA to not only work on the creation of physical spaces but also in parallel to speculate on But AMO has also started to take on a life of its a potentially virtual definition of the Prada brand own; AMO now does projects completely indepen- and to create a series of very precise or intertwined dent of architecture. It has for instance done work links between these domains. I think that in most for Condé Nast Publication and guest edited Wired scenarios either one or the other still comes rather Magazine 5, and it has participated in a think tank as an “add on” – as a kind of afterthought – for the European Union about how Europe could whether for example technology is applied to an re-conceptualise its way of working, but also its existing situation or architecture is employed as a representational means and methods in communi- partial answer to a branding statement. What was cating itself. So, AMO has really moved into a very interesting about the Prada project was that much broader spectrum of research and cultural we (OMA) were able to speculate and elaborate at speculation independent of the architectural many different levels simultaneously. projects, although many activities also stay closely Fairly naively - never having worked for a intertwined with the actual making of architecture. commercial client of this type before, never having done commercial architecture or sales environ- ments before - we (OMA) started to undertake Let us talk about the Prada stores. The one in research into Prada, what Prada was, what Prada New York City seems to be embedded in media had done, etc. images of all kinds. Everything – even the We started to test concepts and apply findings of customer – seems to be mediated and exposed, the research in physical space by working on the fetishised; everything seems to become a “sign” in design of the three stores, but simultaneously circulation. The whole “staging” is, however, done through the architectural design process we started in a very elegant - almost subtle - way. to encounter possibilities, potentials or needs that What is the idea or concept behind this? could be reformulated as a statement in the context of the research – and ultimately be essen- In principle I believe it is true for most high-end tial components of the branding itself. So there fashion and retail architecture that the customer is was a real hybrid situation between architectural, being embedded in an image experience and strategic, analytical, technological and ultimately fetishised. However, in designing the Prada New also cultural thinking that allowed us to elaborate York store, there was a clear attempt to differenti- a project going beyond many of the boundaries of ate precisely those aspects within this particular our own profession. It also created a new necessity environment. For example, there was a very clear in our actual work – a necessity that we responded decision not to expose the customer to a blatant to by forming a kind of “think tank” - a new divi- presence of technology, but to rather embed tech- sion of the office called AMO - which is dedicated nology in the context of the clothing. We did not to dealing with the non-physical realities beyond want the “Nike Town effect” where huge screens, a architecture: branding, technological develop- big projection and loud music encapsulate the ments, socio-economic issues, etc. customer in an overwhelming and inevitable expe- rience of media and imagery in the store. We tried to somehow mute the visibility of You say that AMO is the “think tank” of the things, to almost casually integrate them in office. Does that mean that AMO is OMA’s displays, to blur the distinction between real prod- research department? Does AMO supply OMA ucts and virtual products. You see, for example, a with data – or how does this work? screen hanging on a clothes rack next to a series of suits, blurring the differences between the real It is not really about data production. AMO can, product and virtual imagery but also making the among other things, offer help to an architectural screen almost disappear entirely. The image-based client to clarify their needs. When you start the technological features enhance the aura of the design of a project you usually find out that the stores, they simply offer a series of possibilities that client is only so sure about what he really wants or “the real” does not offer you. Imagery is much needs. There may also be much potential either faster than the physically built; it can very rapidly misguided or missed. So, AMO offers the possibil- change, and in some ways allows for a continuous ity of (re)investigating and (re)thinking a company update of an identity, but it can also be a lot more in ways that in itself could become instigators or edgy than physical reality. Reality is very clearly

23 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Interview/Interview

governed by rules, by building regulations, by doors of the dressing rooms are made of Privalite safety concerns, etc. - the virtual expands the glass that you can switch from transparent to repertoire for navigating along a borderline translucent and thereby control the privacy of the between the sensible and the absurd, the provoca- dressing room. tive and the smooth, the beautiful and the ugly, etc. The mediation is simply a means of enlarging the possibilities of how you can experience yourself at the moment of trying on clothes. You can still see In the dressing rooms of the New York Prada yourself in the normal mirror and ignore the store you have a mediated experience of yourself mediation - the “magic mirrors” are available to trying on clothes. When you stand in front of the you as an additional offer - an experimentation. mirror in the dressing room you are being filmed Equipped with RFID (radio frequency identity) by a video camera. The video recording is imme- antennas, the “garment closet” is able to register diately being transmitted to you –a large plasma merchandise brought into the dressing room and screen is embedded in the mirror. So, what you to display the inventory as icons on a touch screen. see is not only your own reflection but a video Here, you can request more specific information recording of yourself. The video recording about the clothes, but also browse through alterna- enables you to see yourself not only from the tive items of the collection. On the web site the front but from the back as well. Normally this “garment closet” has its virtual counter-part; the situation – trying on clothes in a dressing room - “web-closet” that contains a history of all pieces is a very intimate and private situation. Now a tried on. On the web site you cannot only build up video camera is watching you. your personal history and build a kind of library of One could also argue that the look is in a way things you like, but also order the pieces you tried being delegated to the video camera and thereby on but did not buy in the store. But the web site is changing the viewer’s role and activity in front of still being developed. the mirror/screen. The mentioned situation makes me think of how the architectural experi- ence today to an increasing degree seems to In the store you also have various screens that include its own simulation: that the architectural show what at first glance appears to be randomly experience is often mediated. What does that chosen pictures and/or video clips from around mean to the concept of architecture and the the world. Why do you have those screens in the construction of the architectural discourse? store and why do you expose these pictures and videos? I think that in some ways media can simply add possibilities. Let me elaborate on the example you The concept is to use the technology and screens just mentioned - the “magic mirrors” in the Prada to broaden the aura, representation and perception dressing rooms: of the Prada brand. In other words, to not limit it The problem with a mirror is always that you see to the obviously and directly associated; to not yourself from the front but not from behind. only relate a fashion store to a fashion show or A mirror may have folding parts, which means that relate a fashion show to the actual clothes and you can turn your head or twist around and try to accessories in it, but to acknowledge a global brand get a glimpse of how things might look from as a much larger entity in its own right. behind. But you can never really see yourself from behind. This represents not only a limitation but A brand is connected to a vast area of cultural also an ultimate fear: what happens behind your environments and realities. We wanted Prada to back? We wanted to invent a tool that would not only represent itself through its products and indeed allow you to view yourself from the front its label but through all the many things that it is and the rear simultaneously. This resulted in the ultimately connected to and associated with in development of the “magic mirrors”.Integrated in society; from Japanese culture – Prada is extremely the large mirror surface in the dressing rooms we successful in Japan – over changes at the stock embedded a closed circuit loop of a small camera market, to political developments in Europe, the and a plasma screen that will portray you. An inte- U.S. or other continents. Clips from the Prada grated time delay can even capture and replay prototyping and production facilities in Italy, from movements; when you move fast or spin around their involvement with sports (America’s Cup) and an automatic time delay sets in and you can, when the arts (Fondazione Prada), are mixed with you stand still again, see yourself in motion. The extracts from movies, scenes from world news, etc.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 24 Interview/Interview

In one of the interactive media booths in the store client. The client is usually not able to relate to all we show diagrams, in the form of a world atlas the technical specificities of a project as presented that traces Prada and inventorises its global loca- in a technical drawing. This means that the client tions or effects. For example, we map and display has to be presented with another set of drawings; the movements of the production and distribution another kind of representation or illustration. of the original, “real” Prada products (still mostly Images, in a literal sense, and especially where they from Italy) and all the fake Prada products of acquire the suggestion of three-dimensional space which most are manufactured in the Far East. The and “reality”,take a somewhat central role in this fake Prada products are obviously illegal. Prada dialogue. and other fashion companies are conducting huge court cases against copyright fraud. The imagery New technologies have vastly expanded the reper- on the screens acknowledges and reveals the exis- toire of image production. The architect cannot tence of the fakes as a reality – and as part of the withdraw from the media reality, he needs to reality inflicted by the brand. A copy can only exist employ and use its means and methods in order to if there is an original desirable enough to be develop his projects and pursue his goals. It is clear copied. The copies not only exploit the brand that the image has a growing presence and mean- –they also enrich and empower it. The “value” of ing in society. This is first and foremost due to the the original is transferred to the copy, but the copy, increased role of mass media and the way the in return, also adds “value” to the original. culture of the image has re-scripted many relation- ships – also for the architect.

In his book Life Style6 Bruce Mau discusses what he himself calls the Global Image Economy;a sort I wonder how the fact that we are constantly of new “world order” which according to Bruce confronted with architecture in the mass media Mau both causes, drives and rules the cultural has changed our expectation from architecture production and consumption of our time. As and the architectural experience? architects and designers we find ourselves work- ing in an increasingly image-driven context. I think the least interesting part of the contribu- Which influence does that have on the architect’s tion of the media is really the “so-called” architec- work and the architectural discourse? ture magazines, the specialised “coffee table maga- zines” that just show you the next generation of I think it has always been the case for the architect design “vomit” that is released onto the world. to communicate through representations. I think that that has clearly nothing to do with Architecture is not something that really exists what we are talking about. Architecture as before it is built. It is not something that you can commodity-picture-book and shiny entertainment prototype like products or devices. When you have “surface” is totally uninteresting. There remains, a prototype, in other words a full-scale actual however, the need for dissemination and discus- piece, the need for communication and representa- sion – if not for confrontation – and the media can tion is not pertinent; the prototype stands for play a very important role in this. I think it is itself, so to speak. But in order to instigate and indeed something we need to develop: alternatives succeed in the process of realising architecture or to this type of streamlined consumption of archi- building buildings there is a need to communicate tecture as smoothened image. We need to develop in anticipation of the “real thing” – architecture is a critical position. I hope we will again see a more simply too big and expensive to be prototyped. radical reformation of the architecture discourse, There is, however, also the need to communicate and an associated shift inside the media and medi- abstract matters; ideas, concepts and intentions. ation of architecture. ■ So communication and representation – and within this the image - has always been one of the critical aspects of the work of the architect.

The architect’s most important medium has always been the drawing. There is the technical drawing which communicates to a technical team – See list of notes and references on builders, engineers, etc. - and there are certain page 24 extracts of these drawings together with additions that act as mediators to others – for example the

25 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Interview/Interview

Notes and References Biography

1.“The International Design Forum Ulm was Ole Scheeren joined the Office for Metropolitan founded in 1987 by the Ulm School of Design Architecture in 1995 and has been a partner since Foundation as a project-oriented educational 2002. He is leading the Rotterdam office as direc- establishment. Adhering to the all-round educa- tor. Ole Scheeren is responsible for the design of tional ideal of the legendary Ulm School of many projects such as the China Central Television Design, the International Design Forum consid- Station CCTV in Beijing for which he is Partner- ers itself an educational platform for designers in-Charge, and the Los Angeles County Museum and architects, promoting the development of of Art. He is an experienced architect and project networks and establishing a space for the leader, and has been directing OMA’s work for discourse between socially responsible design- Prada with stores in New York, Los Angeles and ers.” (Source: www.ifg-ulm.de) San Francisco. Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm (1953-1968) Prior to joining OMA, Ole Scheeren worked for “In the 1950s and 1960s, the Ulm School of architecture firms in Germany, a graphic design Design (Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm) was firm in New York, and was engaged in a range of one of Germany’s leading educational centres for projects for his own studio in the United design and environmental design. It was founded Kingdom. He has been involved in various art in 1953 by Inge Scholl, Otl Aicher and Max Bill, projects and exhibitions such as Cities on the Move who became the school’s first principal. With a in London and Bangkok; Media City Seoul; and the teaching staff comprising Max Bill and Otl Rotterdam Film Festival; in addition to which he Aicher as well as renowned figures such as Max writes and lectures on a regular basis. Bense, Hans Gugelot, Tomás Maldonado, Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart and Alexander Educated at the universities of Lausanne and Kluge, and numerous guest lecturers from across Karlsruhe, Ole Scheeren graduated from the the globe, the Ulm School of Design rapidly Architectural Association in London and was established a respected international reputation. awarded the RIBA Silver Medal. New concepts for resolving design issues were sought and implemented in the visual communi- cation, product design, industrialised building, information and, later, film departments. Some of the principles created at the Ulm School of Design are still applied today, having lost none of their relevance.” (Source: www.ifg-ulm.de) For further information on the International Design Forum Ulm: www.ifg-ulm.de

2.Koolhaas Rem: The Regime of ¥ $. In: Davidson, Cynthia C. (Ed.): Anything.New York, Anyone Corporation, 2001, p. 185.

3.For further information on the Italian fashion company Prada: www.prada.com For further information on OMA’s work for Prada: www.oma.nl

4.http://www.oma.nl

5.AMO acts as a consultant for Wired Magazine and was in 2003 doing a guest edition (Issue 11.06/June 2003). For further information on Wired Magazine: www.wired.com

6.Mau, Bruce: Life Style. London, Phaidon Press, 2000.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 26 Interview/Interview

Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) OMA is active in the USA through its branch based in New York. The Prada Epicenter Store in ● Rem Koolhaas, Partner New York opened in 2001 and the IIT Campus ● Ole Scheeren, Partner Centre in Chicago has currently been completed. ● Ellen van Loon, Partner The new Seattle Public Library and the Prada store in Los Angeles are both under construction. OMA The Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) has been engaged in several museum projects for is a Rotterdam based firm practicing the Whitney Museum in New York, the Los contemporary architecture, urbanism and cultural Angeles County Museum of Art and two analysis. Guggenheim Museums in Las Vegas, which were completed in October 2001.

20th In Asia, two buildings are currently being completed with the H-Project cultural centre and Founded in 1975, the office gained renown SNU, a museum for the National University of through a series of groundbreaking entries into Seoul, South Korea. major competitions: Parc de La Villette (1982), ZKM (1989), Très Grande Bibliotheque de France Currently OMA is engaged in its largest project (1989), and Two Libraries for Jussieu University ever: a new station for the China Central (1993). During these formative years, OMA also Television (CCTV), a 575.000m2 headquarter and realized several ambitious projects, ranging from cultural centre in Beijing, to be completed in 2008 private residences to large scale urban plans: Villa for the Olympic Games. dall’Ava in Paris (1991) overlooking the Eiffel Tower, Nexus Housing (1991), two apartment blocks in Fukuoka, Japan, and the Kunsthal and its AMO Museum Park in Rotterdam (1992). While OMA remains dedicated to the realization In 1994, OMA completed Euralille, a 70-hectare of architectural projects, it has responded to the business and civic centre in northern France host- increasing importance of the virtual domain with ing the European hub for high-speed trains. The the creation of AMO, a research group that devel- implementation of the masterplan in only four ops new models of strategic thinking about years, including individual buildings by architects systems and creates clearly considered blueprints such as Nouvel, de Portzamparc, Shinohara and for change. AMO applies ‘architectural thinking’ in OMA, gave the office’s urban theories practical its pure form to questions of organization, iden- credibility. tity, culture and program and defines ways—from the conceptual to the operative—to address the full After many realized works during the nineties in potentials of the contemporary condition. AMO the Netherlands and France, the office started to consolidates a series of existing and new profes- focus on urbanism and infrastructure projects in sional collaborations and cross-disciplinary part- Asia. Urban studies such as the Hyperbuilding in nerships. Bangkok Thailand; Hanoi New Town, Vietnam; and Song Do New Town and New Seoul Recent AMO projects include the creation of a International Airport City in Korea were website and the development of in-store technol- completed through the latter half of the decade. ogy for Prada, image restructuring for Condé Nast Publication magazines Lucky and Wired, and a conceptual blueprint for Harvard University’s 21st intellectual development, as well as a study for the European Commission on the visual identity of At the start of the new century, the main activities the EU. in Europe are the construction of the New City Centre for Almere, Netherlands; the Dutch Embassy in Berlin, Germany; (completed 2003), an Team 1.850 seat concert hall for Porto, Portugal (completion 2004); the Cordoba Convention OMA employs a staff of about 100 architects, Centre, Spain; as well as a masterplan and visitor’s researchers, designers, CAD-architects, model centre for the Zeche Zollverein in Essen, Germany. makers, industrial designers and graphic designers

27 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Interview/Interview

of multinational origin who work in close collabo- Exhibition ration. Expert consultants are intimately involved in the office’s work from the beginning of the design process. Most notably, OMA weaves the From March 27 until May 23 the Museumpark in input of Arup’s structural and mechanical engi- Rotterdam will be devoted to the work of Rem neers. Designs are not only tested on their feasibil- Koolhaas and his Office for Metropolitan ity, but also constitute a challenge to other disci- Architecture (OMA). In the exhibition entitled plines and profit from their integration in the START the Netherlands Architecture Institute collaborative process. ■ (NAI) will show its entire archive of OMA’s work from the period 1978-1995. The Kunsthal will host the large exhibition CONTENT consisting of works since 1996. OMA designed both the Kunsthal and the Museumspark that links it with the NAI.

CONTENT was exhibited in Neue Nationalgallerie, Berlin, Germany from November 15 2003 until January 18 2004.

For further information please visit: www.nai.nl/koolhaas

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 28 Article/Article

Risiko Ausbildung - Risikoausbildung Dr. René Spitz, Internationales Forum für Gestaltung Ulm 19. September 2003

1. Mitglied einer Architektenkammer auszuüben.1 Das bedeutete: auf rund 720 Einwohner kam ein Meine sehr verehrten, lieben Erstsemester, Architekt. es ist mir eine große Freude und Ehre, Sie zum Zum Vergleich: in Frankreich arbeiteten damals Beginn des neuen Studienjahres zu begrüßen. 27.000 Architekten, etwa 2.000 Einwohner teilten Wie Sie alle wissen, beginnt heute nicht irgendein sich einen Architekten. Bei den Designern neues, sondern ein besonderes Studienjahr: es ist bewegten sich die Schätzungen in vergleichbaren das dreißigste, seitdem unser Institut seinen Dimensionen. Unterricht im Jahr 2005 aufgenommen hat. Nun war es jedoch keineswegs so, daß sich das Nun möchte ich sie nicht mit lauwarmen Worten Mehrfache an Architekten und Designern durch 1 an einem lauwarmen Vormittag langweilen. ein Mehrfaches an Aufträgen erklären ließe. Das Ich möchte allerdings den heutigen Tag Ihrer Bauen z.B. lag danieder, so daß die Arbeitslosigkeit Immatrikulation zum Anlaß nehmen, um Ihnen in in dieser Berufssparte im Landesdurchschnitt bei einem kurzen Rückblick die Situation in der 10 % lag. Lokal, in Köln zum Beispiel, lag sie sogar Ausbildung für Designer und Architekten vor bei 30%. Augen zu führen, die vor mehr als dreißig Jahren, am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts, zur Gründung Die Abschaffung der Architektenkammern und das unseres Instituts im Jahr 2005 geführt hat. Ende der staatlichen Ausbildung kam für die Architekten und die Studenten völlig unerwartet. Sie protestierten augenblicklich nach dem 2. Kabinettsbeschluß, und zwar von Montag bis Mittwoch. Am Donnerstag war ein Brückentag, Aus der Bundestagswahl im Jahr 2004 ging, wie Sie Freitag hatten die meisten einen Kurzurlaub vielleicht noch aus der Schule wissen, der vorma- geplant der sich so kurzfristig nicht verschieben lige Bundeswirtschaftsminister Wolfgang Clement ließ, so daß sich der Protest in der kommenden als Sieger hervor. Woche verflüchtigt hatte.

Eine der ersten Amtshandlung des neuen Den berufstätigen Architekten war über das Bundeskanzlers Clement bestand darin, ein Paket Wochenende der Gedanke gekommen, daß es von Maßnahmen zur Belebung der damals vielleicht für ihre eigene wirtschaftliche Situation kränkelnden Konjunktur zu verabschieden. Dieses nicht von Nachteil wäre, wenn für ein paar Jahre sogenannte „Berliner Paket“ enthielt auch ein keine neuen Absolventen von den staatlichen 2 kleines Überraschungspäckchen für die Hochschulen ins Berufsleben entlassen würden. Architekten und Designer. Immerhin waren rund 50.000 Architektur- studenten immatrikuliert. Mit einem Handstreich verordnete Wolfgang Clement erstens das Ende der Die Studenten bedauerten zwar das Moratorium in Architektenkammern und zweitens das Ende der der staatlichen Architekturausbildung. Dennoch staatlichen Architekturausbildung. Es war anfangs waren nur die wenigsten mit Leib und Seele bei nur als Moratorium für 3 Jahre gedacht, aber nach der Sache. Für die überwiegende Mehrheit stellte dem Ablauf dieser Frist erinnerte sich niemand sich hingegen zum ersten Mal die Frage in aller mehr daran, und das Ende der staatlichen Ernsthaftigkeit, ob sie wirklich den Beruf des Designerausbildung schloß sich nahtlos an. Architekten ergreifen wollten.

Der deutsche Staat hatte sich damit aus der Die Hochschullehrer blieben in ihren staatlichen Organisation und Zuständigkeit für die Stellen und erhielten von Clement den Auftrag, Ausbildung der Designer und Architekten verab- sich für die Dauer des Moratoriums mit der Frage schiedet. auseinanderzusetzen, in welcher Form die staatliche Architektur- und Designausbildung künftig durchgeführt werden sollte. 3. Der Widerstand der Architektenkammern und - Damals, im Jahr 2004, war es rund 114.000 verbände blieb ohne Folgen, weil sie keinen Architekten erlaubt, ihren Beruf in Deutschland als Einfluß auf die Politik ausüben konnten. 3

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4. Entstehungsprozeß der Universitäten im 13. Jahrhundert ähnelte.2 Auch hierbei hatte der Kern Ein dritter Akt rundete das Berliner der späteren Institution Universität darin Maßnahmenpäckchen ab: Wie schon zuvor im bestanden, daß sich Studenten um Dozenten Design, so durfte auch in der Architektur ab 2005 scharten, von denen jene etwas lernen und denen jedermann einen Entwurf zur Realisation entwick- diese etwas lehren wollten. eln. Die Möglichkeit, ein Gebäude zu entwerfen, war also ab diesem Datum nicht mehr an die Die Finanzierung der privaten Design- und bürokratischen Voraussetzungen gekoppelt, erstens Architekturausbildungsstätten ruht seither auf zwei ein Architekturstudium erfolgreich absolviert zu Säulen. Zum einen besteht sie aus privatem 4 haben und zweitens ein Mitglieder einer Engagement, denn auch die Wirtschaft war und ist Architektenkammer zu sein. Die Bauämter blieben weiterhin an qualifizierten Architekten und zwar bestehen als Flaschenhals für die Realisation Designern interessiert. Zum anderen – und dies des Entwurfs. Aber im wesentlichen regelt sich war der vierte Teil des Berliner Pakets – teilt der seither der Architekturmarkt nach dem Spiel aus Staat seither Bildungsgutscheine an alle Angebot und Nachfrage, wie es bis dato auch schon Studienberechtigten aus. Sie alle hier im Saal haben im Design der Fall gewesen ist. Ihr Scheckheft mit 12 Bildungsgutscheinen erhal- ten, und Sie wissen es: mit jedem Bildungs- Warum ich Ihnen diese allseits bekannten gutschein sind die Grundkosten, die Sie in unserem Sachverhalte nochmals ins Gedächtnis gerufen Instituts für ein Semester erzeugen, gerade eben habe? Weil (wie so oft) nicht die beabsichtigen gedeckt. Es liegt also in unserem virulenten Folgen – nämlich das Sparen –, sondern die unbe- Interesse, zusätzliche Mittel zu akquirieren. absichtigten, unvorhergesehenen Nebenfolgen nachhaltige Konsequenzen hervorgerufen haben. Erinnern wir uns an die Zeit der staatlichen Und zwar für die Ausbildung von Designern und Reglementierung und Bevormundung von Architekten, und deshalb sind wir ja heute hier. Ausbildung und Beruf. Design und Architektur waren abgestellt wie in einem Parkhaus. Ein Beispiel aus dem Jahr 2003: am Bauen eines 5. gewerblich genutzten Gebäudes von 3 Mio. Euro Bausumme waren seinerzeit exakt 13 Behörden, 16 Das Ergebnis bestand in einem grundlegenden Fachingenieure und 45 Handwerksfirmen beteiligt. Strukturwandel in der Design- und Die Aufgabe des Entwerfers bestand nur zum Architekturausbildung. geringsten Teil im Entwurf, aber zum größten Teil in der Kommunikation, Koordination, Die Verträge mit den bisherigen Hochschullehrer Organisation, Kalkulation. Es war ein Wechselbad wurden ja nicht angetastet. Die auslaufenden aus drei Monaten Allmacht im Entwurf und drei Stellen wurden allerdings auch nicht wiederbesetzt. Jahre Ohnmacht im Alltag. Dies war volkswirtschaftlich und gesellschaftlich 5 billiger und effektiver als die Finanzierung eigener Die Ausbildung hatte damit nichts zu tun, denn sie Hochschulen als Produktionsstätten von arbeits- legte den Schwerpunkt auf den (künstlerischen) und hilflosen Diplomgestaltern. Die Dozenten Entwurf. Dem stand schon damals entgegen, daß konnten ihren Interessen ohne Lehrauftrag frei die Architektenleistung eben nicht als eine nachgehen. Einige konzentrierten sich auf die kulturelle, sondern als eine organisatorische Forschung, andere arbeiteten nur noch in ihren Leistung nachgefragt wurde. Und daß zudem die Büros, und ein dritter Teil engagierte sich in den Honorarordnung sich auf die Vergütung der neuen privaten Ausbildungsinstitutionen wie der Entwurfsleistung, nicht auf die Vergütung der unsrigen: Denn es bildeten sich rasch neue Organisationsleistung stützte. Ausbildungszellen um engagierte Dozenten und Studenten, die ernsthaft daran interessiert waren, Die Reglementierung durch Bund, Land und miteinander zu arbeiten. Die Betonung liegt hierbei Kammern hatte einen selbstläufigen Prozeß in der auf miteinander: die Konstellation ist nicht zufällig Ausbildung erzeugt. Bleiben wir beim Beispiel der gewählt, sondern das Resultat einer bewußten Architektur: Wer ein Haus entwerfen und vor allem Entscheidung des Studenten für einen Dozenten, bauen wollte, mußte das Studium aufnehmen, des Dozenten für einen Studenten. Es handelte sich abschließen und in die Kammer eintreten. Das hierbei um einen Prozeß der Bildung von waren drei rein formale Hürden, denn tatsächlich Interessengemeinschaften, welcher dem mußte der Erstsemester silberne Löffel klauen, um

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sich dagegen zu wehren, eines Tages verkammerter seither liegt. Weil nur eine begrenzte Zahl Architekt zu sein. ausgegeben wird, versteht jeder Student sofort, daß Bildung ein teures Gut ist, daß sie nicht nur Daraus erwuchs ein Trägheitsmoment: Die finanziell einen hohen Wert besitzt, und daß es in Ausbildung hielt in viel zu vielen Aspekten mit der seiner Hand liegt, was er aus diesem Potential Berufswirklichkeit nicht Schritt. Die Qualität der entwickelt. Jeder Student hat die Chance auf Lehre wurde nicht von dem inhaltlichen Ziel Irrtum. Er kann 3 Semester länger studieren als für bestimmt, gute Gestalter auszubilden. In der einen Abschluß notwendig ist. Dadurch kann er Summe führte dies zu einem unbefriedigenden auch den Studiengang wechseln. Und auch, wenn Ergebnis, das zur Genüge als Massenbetrieb, als er alle Bildungsgutscheine aufgebraucht hat, kann Parcours für das Sammeln von Scheinen, als er weiterhin studieren. Er muß nur für die Kosten 5 bürokratisches Trägheitsmoment beschrieben selbst aufkommen. wurde. Es dauerte seinerzeit viele Jahre, bis die Ausbildung auf aktuelle Notwendigkeiten Das Hauptergebnis des Strukturwandels bestand reagierte. also im Zusammenbringen der engagierten und motivierten Dozenten und Studenten in neuen Das persönliche Interesse, die Neigungen, Institutionen. Hier gibt es mittlerweile alle Vorlieben, Fähigkeiten, Kenntnisse, aber auch das Spielarten der Möglichkeiten: vom Meisteratelier Engagement und die charakterlichen Eigenschaften im Stile Frank Lloyd Wrights oder Richard waren hierfür ohne Belang. Das Ergebnis dieses Neutras, in dem die Studenten die Rolle von selbstläufigen Prozesses war also eines, mit dem geduldeten Dienern ausfüllen, bis zu kein Beteiligter übereinstimmte, aber dennoch Projektgemeinschaften mit nahezu gleich- verfügte keiner über die Macht über diese berechtigten Dozenten und Studenten wie an Verhältnisse, um das Ergebnis zu ändern bzw. dem unserem Institut. Prozeß eine andere Richtung zu geben. Einzelne Beteiligte verfügten höchstens über Macht inner- Diese geschilderten Maßnahmen haben damit im halb der Verhältnisse. Jahr 2004 – zugegeben: unbeabsichtigt – einen Strukturwandel in der Ausbildung der Architekten Weil das Studium zwar seither jedermann offen- und Designer ausgelöst, der mit einer Forderung steht, aber nicht mehr unbegrenzt umsonst ist, weil vergleichbar ist, welche 35 Jahre zuvor, genau: am auf der anderen Seite ein differenzierter Markt von 5. Januar 1966, Tomás Maldonado aufgestellt hatte. Ausbildungsanbietern entstanden ist, hat sich die Qualität der Ausbildung verbessert. Denn die Er hatte die Idee einer Schule für jungen Menschen studieren nun nicht mehr aus Umweltgestaltung (Environmental Design) als Verlegenheit, Lethargie oder Orientierungs- gemeinsame Aufgabe von Architekten und losigkeit, um vielleicht auch ein Haus zu bauen, Designern skizziert. Mit diesem Begriff der sondern sie entscheiden sich nun bewußt für Umweltgestaltung bezeichnete Maldonado die Design und Architektur und bewußt für eine ganz Wahrnehmung der menschlichen Umwelt als «ein bestimmte unter vielen Ausbildungsstätten. System, zusammengesetzt aus Subsystemen, […] 5 zwischen denen eine enge wechselseitige De facto werden erhebliche Studiengebühren Abhängigkeit besteht. Er richtete sich gegen den erhoben. Dies hat jedoch nicht nur dazu geführt, augenblicklichen Partikularismus […] und gegen daß die Zahl der Studenten gesunken ist, sondern die weitverbreitete Tendenz, manche Subsysteme auch dazu, daß die Motivation der Studenten zu verherrlichen und andere zu tabuisieren.»3 überproportional gestiegen ist. Auf einmal ist klar geworden: Das Studium kostet. Die Kosten wurden Tomás Maldonado teilte die Ausbildungsstätte in und werden von der Gesellschaft übernommen, seiner Skizze ein nach gegenständlicher und um ehrlich zu sein: vor allem von denen, die Umweltgestaltung und Verhaltens- nicht studiert haben und die deshalb auch nicht in Umweltgestaltung. Zum einen sollte sie sich der den Genuß potentiell höherer Honorare oder städtischen Umwelt (urban design), den Gebäuden Gehälter kommen können. (building design) und den Gebrauchsgegenständen Die Finanzierung über 12 Bildungsgutscheine im (equipment design) widmen. Zum zweiten sollte Wert je eines Semesters Studium hat jedoch dazu sie sich den unterschiedlichen geführt, daß die Verantwortung über den eigenen Kommunikationsaufgaben widmen. Im Studiengang in der Hand des Studenten lag und wesentlichen sollten dies keine Abteilungen

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darstellen, sondern die Anlage war weitgehend 6.4 interdisziplinär gedacht: Eine Schule für Von IKEA lernen heißt siegen lernen. Anders Umweltgestaltung sollte alle Tätigkeitsbereiche gesagt: Architektur und Design verbindet mehr als beinhalten, die der menschlichen Umwelt Struktur sie trennt. Das Ziehen von Grenzen zwischen und Gehalt verleihen. Architektur, Innenarchitektur, Produktdesign, Möbeldesign, Industriedesign ist höchstens noch Weil es nach seiner Ansicht nicht nur eine von akademischen Interesse. Tatsächlich gehört es physikalische Umwelt, sondern auch eine dem 19. Jahrhundert und damit der Geschichte an. Verhaltensumwelt gebe, anders gesagt: «weil sich – Deshalb auch werden in unserer Institution die menschliche Umwelt […] aus Dingen und Architektur und Design gemeinsam unterrichtet. 6 Personen und weiterhin aus Ereignissen» zusam- Es handelt sich zwar um Fächer mit unter- mensetze mit «Konflikten zwischen Personen, schiedlichen Schwerpunkten. Aber es geht doch zwischen Dingen und zwischen Personen und immer um die Formung der konzeptionellen und Dingen»; weil die Summe der gut gestalteten gestalterischen Kompetenzen und Urteilskraft, der Gegenstände eben nicht notwendig in eine gut Entwurfsfertigkeit, der Fähigkeiten der gestaltete Umwelt mündete, das heißt: weil die Präsentation und der praktischen Umsetzung Welt nicht einfach dadurch verbessert würde, durch Koordination, Kommunikation und indem die Gebäude, Gegenstände und Produktionskontrolle. Die eigentlichen Spezialisten Informationen dieser Welt verbessert würden. sind die Ingenieure, die Architekten und Designer sind in diesem Sinne Generalisten.

6. 6.5 Die Charakterbildung des Menschen, also auch des Mein sehr persönliches Resümee aus unseren Studenten, ist mit 17 Jahren abgeschlossen. Die Erfahrungen mit diesem Strukturwandel Aufgabe der Dozenten besteht nicht darin, den formuliere ich als zehn Thesen, nicht als zehn Charakter der Studenten zu formen und sie für Gebote, einfach der runden Zahl wegen, damit Sie ihre Disziplin zu öffnen, ihr Interesse zu wecken die Gelegenheit haben, in jedem Ihrer kommenden und ihre Einsatzbereitschaft herauszufordern. Sie Semester jeweils eine dieser Thesen zu widerlegen. müssen darauf bestehen, daß sich nur Studenten bei ihnen einschreiben, die mit ihnen aus fach- 6.1 lichen Gründen zusammenarbeiten wollen, die Die Gestaltung der Umwelt ist eine engagiert sind, motiviert und die sich über den gesellschaftliche Aufgabe, die im Kindergarten Rand ihrer Disziplin hinaus interessieren. beginnt und nicht erst in einer Hochschule in drei Fachbereichen. Es geht nicht darum, eine 6.6 geschmacklich bereinigte Umwelt zu erzeugen, Bildungsgutscheine sind eine notwendige sondern die Urteilskraft für Raumqualitäten und Subvention des Studiums durch die Gesellschaft. für den Umgang mit der Umwelt auszubilden. Zugleich verdeutlichen sie den Wert des Studiums. Bauen und Einrichten sind eine grundlegende Mit ihnen wird die Verantwortung für das eigene Kulturtechnik wie Lesen und Schreiben. Studium in die Hände des Studenten gelegt, und Jedermann muß wissen, daß auch ein gutes Sofa dies führt dazu, daß nicht mehr aus Verlegenheit einen schlechten Raum nichts retten kann. studiert wird. Die Personen, die zueinander passen, finden zueinander. Denn die Studenten überlegen 6.2 es sich vorher genau, was sie studieren wollen, an Die Ausbildung zum Gestalter der Umwelt ist welcher Institution und bei wem. Sie können diese keine Aufgabe des Staates, ihre Verortung an Entscheidung treffen, weil die Ausbildungsstätten staatlichen Hochschulen ist von vorgestern. Jede ein schärferes Profil entwickelt haben. Bevormundung in der Ausbildung durch den Staat gehört dem 19. Jahrhundert und damit der 6.7 Geschichte an. Die alte Design- und Architekturausbildung war ein Illusionsapparat. Es lag und es liegt in der 6.3 Verantwortung des Lehrkörpers, die Eignung der Das Gestalten der Umwelt ist ein freier Beruf. Jede Studenten festzustellen. Diese Eignungsfeststellung Reglementierung der Berufsausübung durch eine ist auf jeden Fall subjektiv. Sie erfordert stets auch Verkammerung gehört dem 19. Jahrhundert und beim Dozenten den Mut, der Konfrontation nicht damit der Geschichte an. auszuweichen oder sich zu irren. Sie erfordert

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beim Studenten den Mut, sich eine (subjektive) ist ein Risiko für alle Beteiligten: für den Wahrheit sagen zu lassen oder sich dem Gefühl des Studenten, für den Dozenten, für die Gesellschaft. Versagens auszusetzen. Beides ist übrigens der Es ist das Risiko, sich zu bilden. Das Risiko, das in Berufsalltag, denn der Berufsalltag besteht zum jeder freien Entscheidung liegt. In diesem Sinne ist größten Teil aus dem Kampf gegen Risiko nur ein anderes Wort für Wahlfreiheit, Ungerechtigkeit, Irrtum, Unsinn, Wahnsinn und Entscheidungsfreiheit, Verantwortungsfreiheit. Es Fehler. Im alten akademischen Betrieb fand beides lohnt sich, in einer freien Gesellschaft dieses Risiko nicht statt, statt dessen wurde eine Einschläferung einzugehen, in Zukunft sogar mehr Risiken zu bis zum Diplom praktiziert. Denn wann lernte der fördern, zu verstärken und auszubilden. Es ist Student erstmals die Berufswirklichkeit kennen? nicht weniger als das Risiko der kulturellen Was hatte die Ausbildung in Architektur und Freiheit. Design mit der Berufswirklichkeit zu tun? Meine Damen und Herren, bitte legen Sie nun Ihre 6.8 Sicherheitsgurte an, stellen Sie Ihre Rückenlehnen Wir können nicht viel aus dem machen, was wir senkrecht und halten Sie Ihren Bildungsgutschein gelernt haben, nachdem wir es gelernt haben. bereit. Ich wünsche Ihnen und uns einen Ausbildung und Beruf nähern sich nur an, wenn angenehmen Flug und gute Unterhaltungen. ■ sich die beteiligten Personen, die Studenten und Dozenten, einander annähern. Denn das, was man lernt oder gelernt hat, bleibt nur in den seltensten Fällen – und dann sind es die bedauernswerten – bei dem stehen, was man im Beruf tut. Grenzgängertum, Interdisziplinarität und stetiges Lernen beschreiben das Berufsleben treffender. Wie kommt man dazu, etwas zu tun, was man nicht gelernt hat, ist deshalb eine falsch gestellte Frage. Es muß heißen: wie kommt man dazu, etwas zu tun, was man sich selbst beigebracht hat? Anders gefragt: wieviel Autodidaktentum ist Voraussetzung für ein glückliches Studium?

6.9 Die Freiheit der Kultur muß provoziert werden. Die Freiheit des Lehrenden, Forschenden, Schaffenden im kulturellen Betrieb ist unantastbar. Aber nicht jeder ist dafür geeignet. Wenn ein Notes and References: Dozent einem Student dieses subjektive Urteil mitteilt, kann es auch sein, daß der Student gerade 1. Diese und die folgenden Angaben nach: dadurch provoziert wird, dennoch den Beruf des Pressemeldung der Bundesarchitektenkammer, Architekten oder Designers zu ergreifen. Dann Berlin, 17.3.2003; Matthias Alexander: hätte er (vielleicht spät, aber nicht zu spät) das «Architekten schlittern in die Krise». In: Schlüsselerlebnis erfahren, das er für seine bewußte Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 15.8.2003. Berufswahl benötigt, um sich engagiert und inter- essiert und motiviert seinem Beruf zu widmen. 2. Vgl. Walter Rüegg (Hg.): «Geschichte der Universität in Europa. Band 1: Mittelalter». 6.10 München 1993. In der Ausbildung gibt es keine Garantien. Die Ausbildung wird oft als Experiment gesehen – 3. Tomás Maldonado: «Anstöße gegen das manchmal abfällig sogar «nur» als Experiment. Sie Behagen in der Design-Erziehung». Vortrag in ist es genauso wenig wie sie «nur» ein Anfang ist. der School of Architecture an der Princeton Sie ist ebenso wichtig wie der Rest, der Anfang University, 5.1.1966. Abgedruckt in: ulm 17/18, beginnt mit der Ausbildung. Die Ausbildungsstätte 14-20, Ulm 1966. ist wie Cape Canaveral: Der Mensch braucht Treibstoff, um zu starten und auf seine Mission zu gehen. Und wie beim echten Raketenstart gibt es auch hier ein erhebliches Risiko. Die Ausbildung

33 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Reports/Rapports

EAAE General Assembly / Assemblée Générale de l’ AEEA Chania, Greece, 5 September 2003 / Chania, Grèce, 5 Septenbre 2003

Tout comptes faits Ancien Président de l’AEEA, Herman Neuckermans

La fin de mon mandat de président de l’AEEA en ce Maria Voyatzaki: chère Maria, tu es sans aucun jour prête à quelques réflexions, tant sur les 3 années doute la maman de nos réunions à Chania. Tu as pris qui se sont écoulées, que sur l’avenir de notre associa- en charge toutes les choses dont nous profitons et dont tion. personne ne se soucie guerre. Nous tous, nous te remercions pour ton engagement total dans notre En rétrospective, il y a certes les activités et les publi- association. En plus, Maria, tu es le moteur du réseau cations de l’AEEA sur lesquelles je ne vais pas m’at- thématique ENHSA/EAAE le plus actif dans le tarder ici, puisqu’elles sont actées pour les 3 années de domaine de la construction. Thank you, dear Maria. mon mandat dans les minutes des Assemblées Générales publiées dans les bulletins de l’AEEA no 61, Anne Elisabeth Toft: chère Anne. J’ai beaucoup aimé 64 et 67. travailler avec toi en temps qu’éditrice du bulletin de l’AEEA. Avec toi le News Sheet de l’AEEA s’est Elu en l’an 2000 dans le vieil Arsenal ici à Chania présenté avec un nouveau visage. Merci, pour ton comme 10ième président de l’AEEA, je me proposais travail inspiré. Je tiens ici aussi à exprimer notre comme programme 3 thèmes majeurs: premièrement gratitude envers l’école de Aarhus, et tout en particu- améliorer la situation financière de l’AEEA, deuxiè- lier son directeur Peter Kjaer, qui nous offre gratuite- mement créer des réseaux thématiques et troisième- ment ton temps pour produire 3 fois par an le News ment augmenter le nombre de membres de l’associa- Sheet. Congratulations and thank you, dear Anne. tion. Leen Van Duin , merci pour ton travail dans les C’est avec une certaine satisfaction et non sans fierté, coulisses au guide des écoles d’architecture en Europe. qu’aujourd’hui 3 ans plus tard la situation financière Ceux d’enter nous qui ont l’expérience de publier un de l’AEEA est redressée, que les réseaux thématiques livre avec beaucoup d’auteurs peuvent imaginer sont opératifs, que le nombre de membres a augmenté combien d’effort est requis pour rassembler l’informa- de 80 à 100 écoles actives et payantes, bien que tion et pour produire ce guide, qui sans aucun doute parlant généralement bon nombre d’écoles deviendra l’ouvrage de référence pour tout un chacun Allemandes sont toujours absentes. Quant à ma en architecture qui aspire à la mobilité des étudiants contribution à l’histoire de l’AEEA, je considère et des enseignants en Europe. Dank u, Leen. comme acquis majeurs de ma présidence, en premier lieu la première démarche politique de l’AEEA avec la Ebbe Harder: cher Ebbe, tu as travaillé pendant des déclaration de Chania, en second lieu - au niveau années, un peu à l’arrière plan, pour mettre sur pied plutôt pragmatique - l’introduction de l’AEEA dans le prix AEEA/VELUX. Je me rappelle encore très bien l’ère digitale. la réunion du conseil à Paris out u nous a tous surprise avec la bonne nouvelle que tes démarches Faisant mention des acquis de ma présidence, et non avaient abouties. Ce prix honorant les écrits sur de moi-même en temps que président, je tiens ici à l’éducation en architecture est très important pour donner à César ce qui revient à César. Je pense réaliser une des missions fondamentales de l’AEEA : évidemment à vous tous, mais tout d’abord aux échanger des idées sur améliorer la qualité de l’ensei- membres du conseil et aux chargés de mission. Je gnement en architecture en Europe. Thank you, Ebbe. voudrais avec votre support les remercier ici chacun en particulier: Emil Popescu: cher Mac, tu est sans aucun doute notre agent international, tu personnalise la filière Constantin Spiridonidis: cher Dinos, cher prédéces- Roumaine, qui trouve partout dans le monde, que se seur et ‘homme à tout faire’ de la réunion annuelle soit à Moscou ou à Montréal, la personne qui peut et des directeurs d’écoles. Tu as crée à Chania l’activité veut aider l’AEEA. Merci à toi pour avoir initié le la plus importante de l’AEEA. Tu as réussi à mettre prix AG2R et en rester le chargé de mission mainte- sur pied le réseau ENHSA/EAAE, avec un finance- nant que après 6 ans tu quittes le conseil conformé- ment significatif de la réunion à Chania, avec les ment aux statuts. Thank you, Mac. réseaux thématiques, le site Internet et l’enquête qui ont tous un effet de levier pour l’AEEA. L’AEEA te Stéphane Hanrot: cher Stéphane, merci pour tout le doit beaucoup. Nos félicitations et merci Dinos. travail que tu as fait concernant les doctorats et la

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recherche en architecture, merci pour ton rôle dans sais que avec James Horan, l’AEEA est en de bonnes notre collaboration avec l’ARCC (Architecture mains. Je suis persuadé que James de par son engage- Research Centers Consortium ). Tu as fait beaucoup ment pour la cause de l’architecture, de par son intro- de travail pour l’AEEA dans les coulisses, en relisant duction à la CEE et son expérience dans le comité les textes en français, en rédigeant les directives pour consultatif de la directive architecture, de par ses l’organisation de conférences AEEA/ARCC jointes. capacités d’entrepreneur et de manager, réussira à Tu as choisi de quitter le conseil, mais nous sommes transformer l’AEEA d’une association volontariste en heureux de pouvoir profiter de tes services dans le une association professionnelle pour l’éducation en futur pour le thème des doctorats et de la recherche architecture en Europe. que tu tiens à cœur. Merci à toi, Stéphane. Je tu souhaites, James, bonne route avec et pour l’AEEA. Per Olav Fjeld: cher Per, tu as toujours été très L’AEEA est tienne. ■ critique envers les propos qui circulent dans le conseil. Merci pour les interpellations constructives et savantes dans les débats sur le futur de l’AEEA. Thank you, Per.

Jean-François Mabardi: cher François, nul ne sera surprise si je fais référence à toi comme ‘éminence grise’ de l’association. Demeurant non loin de chez moi à Leuven, j’ai eu l’occasion à maintes reprises de te consulter. C’est toi aussi qui à initié les contactes avec l’ARCC et Marvin Malecha, notre antenne aux Etats-Unis et membre Honorifique de l’AEEA. Merci à toi, Jean-François.

Paola Michialino: cara Paola, des circonstances dans ta vie privée et professionnelle ne t’ont pas permis de participer souvent à nos débats pendant mon mandat. Tu nous envoyais désespérément tes commentaires de l’Australie out u préparais ton doctorat. Maintenant que tu quittes le conseil, l’AEEA n’oublieras pas le travail que tu as fait, tout spécialement dans le passé en temps qu’éditrice des actes de notre école d’été en Italie. Grazie, Paola.

Je tiens aussi à remercier Lou, la secrétaire de l’AEEA pour sont support, ainsi qu’aux membres de mon équipe de chercheurs à la K.U.Leuven qui ont toujours bien voulu aider lorsqu’il le fallait.

Enfin, et pas en mineur, merci à toi James. Quand je pense futur de l’AEEA je pense tout d’abord à toi. Merci à toi pour avoir accepté le mandat de la vice- présidence. Pendant une année tu t’es efforcé à prépa- rer le futur de l’AEEA, pour enfin en ce jour me succéder aux joies et aux peines de la présidence de l’AEEA. J’ai beaucoup aimé être votre président et je quitte la présidence avec un bon cœur/sentiment, parce que je sais que l’AEEA est bel et bien vivante, parce que je

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EAAE General Assembly / Assemblée Générale de l’ AEEA Chania, Greece, 5 September 2003 / Chania, Grèce, 5 Septenbre 2003

Discours inaugural en qualité de Président de l'AEEA Président de l’AEEA, James F Horan

L'an dernier, quand on m'a demandé de devenir utilisé par les Etats Membres de l'UE pour identifier vice-président de l'AEEA, je me suis souvenu de l'his- les Ecoles d'Architecture qui ont atteint un niveau toire de deux frères, l'un qui s'enfuyait en mer et acceptable. Il est intéressant de noter que dès 1985 l'autre dont on faisait un vice-président. On n'enten- l'UIA, l'Union Internationale des Architectes, a dait plus jamais parler d'aucun des deux! adopté dans sa charte une directive presque iden- Heureusement ou malheureusement, ce n'est pas ce tique à celle conçue à Bruxelles. Cependant, la qui c'est passé cette fois ci et que cela vous plaise ou Commission à Bruxelles semble avoir décidé, sans non que vous êtes désormais coincés avec un vice- l'annoncer officiellement, que la Directive a perdu de président qui est devenu président. Je vous remercie son importance. Certains parmi vous savent peut de m'avoir élu. être déjà que, pendant presque douze ans, avec d'autres présents dans cette salle, j'ai été membre du Le thème que nous allons aborder a trait à l'avenir Comité Consultatif de la Commission à Bruxelles. Ce de l'AEEA. Cependant, je n'ai pas vraiment l'inten- Comité Consultatif a été mis en place pour aider la tion d'engager la discussion à ce propos, pour l'ins- Commission à décider quelles écoles d'Architecture tant j'aimerais juste vous soumettre une position et, devaient être reconnues dans le cadre de la Directive. une fois cette position exprimée ; les membres de l'as- Le Comité Consultatif se réunissait au moins une semblée Générale auront la possibilité d'établir un fois par an, ou plus souvent si des questions spéci- lien de communication avec le Conseil de manière fiques devaient être discutées. Ces réunions du plus structurée. J'y viendrai dans un instant. Comité Consultatif ont désormais cessé. Il n'y a pas eu de réunion depuis presque deux ans, et bien Il y a un proverbe chinois qui dit "puissiez vous vivre qu'aucune déclaration officielle n'ait été faite par des temps intéressants". En fait il s'agit davantage Bruxelles il est clair que la Commission n'a aucune d'une malédiction que d'un voeu. Quand les Chinois intention d'avoir d'autres réunions. En avril cette ne sont pas contents de vous ils disent "puissiez vous année, plusieurs membres du Comité Consultatif, y vivre des temps intéressants". Généralement, en compris trois anciens présidents, se sont réunis à Chine quand on vivait des temps intéressants,on Cologne d'où une lettre a été envoyée à la risquait plutôt d'être décapité. Quant à nous, nous Commission exprimant leur consternation face à vivons toutefois des temps intéressants. Je suis l'attitude de Bruxelles pour le manque d'intérêt convaincu que l'AEEA se trouve à une époque inté- apparent quant aux normes en matière ressante. d'Enseignement de l'Architecture.1 Cette lettre est disponible en quatre langues: anglais, français alle- Nous vivons à une époque où de nombreuses choses mand et italien. Je la cite comme suit: se passent en matière d'enseignement de l'architec- ture d'un point de vue philosophique et également “Le Comité Consultatif a été mis en place par la d'un point de vue politique. Au cours de l'année Décision du Conseil 85/385/EEC du 10 juin 1985 dernière, le Conseil en a discuté ; à de nombreuses dans le but de conseiller la Commission eu égard à reprises ; et en conséquence un des points importants l'éducation et à l'enseignement de l'architecture et à l'ordre du jour concerne l'avenir de l'AEEA. particulièrement pour évaluer et apporter son conseil quant à certains doutes qui pourraient de temps en Comme vous le savez, l'AEEA, a été fondée en 1975. temps être exprimés par des Etats Membres quant à C'est devenu entre temps une organisation très la conformité d'un diplôme en architecture avec les importante. Nous avons atteint un stade où il est normes établies par la Directive. Les réunions sont devenu nécessaire de faire le point eu égard à nos normalement convoquées par la Commission mais origines, notre situation actuelle et notre avenir. En peuvent être convoquées par le Président du Comité. fait, nous ; les membres de l'AEEA, que souhaitons nous qu'elle devienne à l'avenir? Tandis que le règlement de la Procédure requiert que le Comité se réunisse au moins une fois par an, il Accordez moi quelques minutes pour vous décrire s'est réuni pour la dernière fois le 26 novembre 2001! mon interprétation du climat européen dans lequel Lorsque le Président, conformément au règlement a se trouve l'AEEA. Comme vous le savez la Directive cherché (le 30 décembre 2002) à convoquer une Européenne sur l'Enseignement de l'Architecture , réunion, il a fallu à la commission jusqu'au 27 mars mise au point par l'Union Européenne, est un moyen 2003 pour donner au Président une réponse essen-

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tielle à sa lettre. La Commission concluait qu'il pour former les architectes. Je pense qu'il est impor- n'était désormais plus approprié de rechercher le tant qu'en tant qu'enseignants nous ayons notre mot conseil du Comité eu égard à la proposition d'une à dire dans cette discussion plus large et dans ce nouvelle Directive, puisque (entre autres) elle avait débat plus large. Laissez moi juste un moment vous consulté d'autres "représentants" (dont les noms présenter une vision de l'avenir de l'enseignement de n'étaient pas divulgués) au coup par coup.” l'architecture en Europe.

La version intégrale de cette lettre est mise à disposi- Je pense que l'enseignement de l'architecture dure tion. Telle était et demeure la position. cinquante ans. Dans les écoles, nous nous livrons principalement à l'enseignement à un point étroit de En fait, cette situation crée un vide. La profession grande intensité. Mais l'époque où quelqu'un quit- d'architecte a exprimé continuellement son inquié- tant une école d'Architecture – détenteur d'une tude quant au fait que la directive n'était pas suivie licence, d'une maîtrise ou d'un doctorat– était consi- ou mise en oeuvre. En conséquence, l'ACE [le Conseil déré comme entièrement éduqué, est révolue. La des Architectes en Europe] s'est activement mis à la notion, ou le concept de l'éducation permanente, recherche d'une position pour remplir le vide laissé s'ancre de plus en plus dans l'esprit des professionnels par le Comité Consultatif. En fin de compte, ceci comme des enseignants. Les cours de développement pourrait signifier qu'une organisation telle que le professionnel permanent prodigués par les écoles et Conseil des Architectes en Europe pourrait chercher à par les instituts professionnels partout dans le monde être en mesure d'accorder l'agrément à toutes les sont pratiquement devenus une obligation pour les écoles d'architecture. La situation est grave. Il n'est diplômés en architecture. pas acceptable que l'agrément ou toute forme de contrôle soit entre les mains d'un seul groupe tel que Il est certain que ceux qui souhaitent exercer, sont la Profession. L'enseignement est avant tout l'affaire obligés de s'impliquer dans diverses formes d'éduca- des enseignants. Les Universités et les Ecoles tion permanente de manière régulière. Voilà une d'Architecture doivent être libres de décider comment opportunité. Il s'agit d'une énorme opportunité pour elles vont enseigner et quels types de programmes les enseignants. Si nous acceptons la’idéeselon d'enseignement elles vont prodiguer. laquelle la formation d'un architecte, quel que soit le domaine de l'architecture dans lequel il est impliqué, D'un autre côté, le Comité Consultatif tenait sa force est un processus permanent, alors la responsabilité de du fait qu'il comptait des représentants parmi les l'enseignement doit être une responsabilité partagée enseignants, les professionnels et les gouvernements par toutes les personnes concernées. La responsabilité nationaux. Cela signifiait que chaque Etat Membre ne revient pas uniquement aux enseignants, mais avait trois représentants au Comité Consultatif. Le également à toutes les professions et à tous les représentant du gouvernement était là parce qu'il gouvernements, dont les fonds permettent à l'ensei- était redevable envers ceux qui mettent les fonds à la gnement de prendre place. Un débat et une discus- disposition de l'éducation. Les professionnels étaient sion doivent avoir lieu entre ces trois parties intéres- là parce qu'ils s'intéressent à ce que font les ensei- sées. Je ne vois pas cela comme quelque chose de gnants et au type de diplômés qui sortent des écoles, négatif, en fait si la notion de responsabilité éduca- et les enseignants étaient là parce qu'ils sont les tive partagée est comprise, alors les possibilités de experts en sciences de l'éducation. Ces différents développement des écoles d'architecture augmente- groupes équilibraient les discussions. Si le Comité ront de manière significative. Nous ne proposerons Consultatif doit maintenant être remplacé par un pas uniquement des programmes de deuxième cycle, groupe unique alors le diagnostic pour l'enseigne- de troisième cycle, de doctorat et de post doctorat, ment en Europe est mauvais. Vous trouvez peut être nous pourrons également prendre part à la procédure qu'il s'agit là d'un tableau morose. Nous savons tous d'éducation permanente des diplômés, des praticiens individuellement dans nos écoles qu'iI existe une et de tous ceux qui sont impliqués dans les différents certaine liberté en matière d'enseignement, et je sais domaines de l'architecture. pertinemment que dans de nombreux cas les Ministres de l'Education s'intéressent peu pour ne Nombre d'entre vous ont connaissance d'universités pas dire pas du tout au contenu de ce qui est ensei- ou d'écoles qui doivent fermer faute d'étudiants. En gné. Mais ce qui les intéresse c'est le prix que ça coûte fait un collègue allemand évoquait justement ce

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problème hier. Certaines écoles ont du fusionner à réponse à la première question concernant la posi- cause d'un nombre d'étudiants insuffisant pour faire tion philosophique. Au fur et à mesure que ces posi- vivre et soutenir une école particulière. Si nous tions s'éclaircissent je souhaiterais que nous dévelop- comprenons la notion de développement du niveau pions un Plan Stratégique concernant notre façon de et du type d'enseignement que nous prodiguons, nous engager dans ces activités, qui soit soigneuse- nous garantissons l'avenir de l'enseignement de l'ar- ment réfléchi et une conséquence directe de la direc- chitecture en Europe. Si nous garantissons l'avenir de tion que nous souhaitons donner à l'organisation. son cadre nous serons alors libres de proposer ce que nous voulons au sein de ce cadre. Dès que ce cadre La structure est le troisième point. Nous devons est menacé, nous devenons vulnérables. Nous devons examiner la structure de l'organisation, nous devons être ouverts au changement, je pense que notre orga- examiner la structure du Conseil, nous devons nisation a atteint un niveau où elle est sérieusement examiner le rôle du Président, le rôle du vice-prési- considérée comme un organisme professionnel. Je ne dent et le rôle des membres individuels du Conseil et veux pas dire professionnel au sens des praticiens, je des Chargés de Missions. Un secrétariat permanent veux dire professionnel dans sa manière de traiter les sera essentiel pour l'identité de l'AEEA. Actuellement affaires. Nous comptons actuellement plus de 100 le secrétariat se trouve à Leuven en Belgique. Cet écoles membres de l'AEEA. Nous avons établi une endroit est partiellement dû aux circonstances histo- crédibilité dans les projets que nous menons et que riques. Cependant, comme l'AEEA a été établie en nous publions. Le travail qui a été présenté lors de vertu de la législation belge, il est probablement judi- cette conférence témoigne que nous sommes en passe cieux que le secrétariat se trouve en Belgique. Je de devenir les gardiens d'un volume de connaissances pense que ce secrétariat doit avoir un lieu d'existence de qualité. La connaissance est une force, la connais- reconnu quelle que soit la nationalité du Président sance est le pouvoir et plus nous serons convaincants ou des membres du conseil. Une sécurité financière dans notre façon de réunir, de rassembler, d'archiver est nécessaire pour rendre le secrétariat permanent. et de propager ces connaissances, plus nous devien- La structure financière de l'organisation doit être drons un groupe important sur la scène européenne. examinée. Il s'agit du quatrième point de discussion. En fait, j'irai même jusqu'à dire qu'en fin de compte, notre objectif est d'avoir un impact à l'échelle Certains exercices ont été effectués au cours de l'an- mondiale. Des relations établies existent déjà avec née écoulée afin d'examiner un projet commercial. des contre organisations aux Etats Unis et ailleurs. La planification financière de l'organisation est essentielle pour garantir sa croissance et son dévelop- Au cours de l'année écoulée nous avons examiné le pement. Ce plan comprendra le coût d'adhésion des type de rubriques qui figureraient à un futur ordre écoles individuelles, le coût des publications, et le du jour du Conseil de l'AEEA, et pour tous ses coût de nos communications. La question du sponso- membres ici. Certaines des questions que nous avons rat devrait également figurer à l'ordre du jour. posées sont les suivantes: Sommes nous prêts à négocier avec des sponsors? Comment pouvons nous être à l'aise dans nos Quelle est notre philosophie? D'où venons nous? Où communications avec les sponsors? Comment évitons sommes nous? Quelle est notre vision? Où sommes nous de compromettre notre position philosophique? nous conduits à aller? Notre vision est à la base de tout. Il s'agit d'une importante discussion, d'un Le cinquième point traite de la communication. Je énorme débat, c'est peut-être le thème de toute une pense qu'il s'agit du point par lequel nous devrions conférence et peut-être même alors les réponses ne commencer. C'est la première chose que nous seront-elles pas complètes. Cependant, la première devrions traiter. Il y a aujourd'hui plus de 100 étape est de commencer dès maintenant à nous poser personnes réunies à cette conférence à Chania discu- les questions et à ouvrir les discussions. tant de questions d'enseignement de l'architecture. Lundi prochain nous serons tous devant nos bureaux Le second domaine aborde les activités dans respectifs dans des villes différentes et les problèmes lesquelles l'AEEA est impliquée. Les rapports nous qui nous attendent sur ces bureaux auront tendance ont appris aujourd'hui que ces activités sont à la fois à pousser les questions discutées ici à l'AEEA légère- approfondies et de grande envergure. Nous devons ment à l'arrière plan. Essayons de conserver le réseau nous poser la question à savoir si oui ou non ces acti- de communication ouvert. Au cours de l'année écou- vités sont pertinentes pour l'AEEA. D'une certaine lée les Sous-Réseaux thématiques ont joué un rôle manière la réponse à cette question sera guidée par la important dans le développement d'un sens de conti-

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nuité de la communication entre l'assemblée générale J'ai l'intention d'engager les discussions avec le à Chania et la prochaine. J'espère que cela augmen- Conseil des Architectes en Europe afin d'explorer où tera le niveau de communication entre nous. J'invite se situent les problèmes et comment nous pouvons tous les membres de l'AEEA à émettre des sugges- nous aider mutuellement. tions au Conseil ou directement à moi même concer- nant une ou plusieurs des questions que j'ai identi- Je pense que le climat que j'ai décrit et certaines des fiées ce matin. Il est important que votre Président et difficultés que j'ai soulignées pourraient d'une votre Conseil entendent les opinions des membres de certaine manière souligner une ‘invitation à se l'organisation. Toute action qui est prise par le réveiller’ à ceux d'entre nous qui sont impliqués dans Conseil doit être basée sur la meilleure information l'enseignement. Je me souviens d'un autre proverbe possible des membres. La sagesse collective des chinois qui dit "Il est plus facile de réveiller un personnes réunies dans cette salle est une énorme homme qui dort vraiment que de réveiller un ressource que nous devons exploiter. homme qui fait semblant de dormir". J'aimerais croire que si certains parmi nous ou dans nos écoles Parce que je pense que nous sommes à une époque de semblent dormir, ils dorment vraiment, de sorte que changement, et à un tournant de l'avenir, nous avons nous aurons une chance de les réveiller. choisi, contrairement aux autres années, de ne pas désigner de nouveau membre du conseil aujourd'hui. Je vous remercie encore une fois de m'avoir élu prési- Nous souhaiterions mettre au point une stratégie par dent. J’attendsavec impatience ces deux années qui je laquelle le Conseil sera en position d'identifier ses l'espère seront des années de travail intensif et inté- nouveaux membres par les compétences et capacités ressant. Je vous renouvelle mon invitation à commu- spécifiques qu'ils apporteront à la table du Conseil. niquer. C'est notre capacité à communiquer qui rend possible cette organisation. Je pense que nous Outre les questions ayant trait au développement de devrions en faire usage correctement, judicieusement l'organisation de l'AEEA elle même, je pense qu'il y a et régulièrement. ■ deux domaines prioritaires sur lesquels nous devrions concentrer nos efforts l'an prochain. D'abord par le biais des Sous-Réseaux Thématiques et d'autres procédures, nous devrions explorer nos positions philosophiques sur l'enseignement de l'ar- chitecture. Les discussions philosophiques concernant notre position en matière d'enseignement devraient Notes et références être centrales. Je pense que la réunion de cette année à Chania a déjà fait beaucoup pour mettre en place 1. Cette lettre est publiée en version intégrale (fran- cette procédure. çaise) dans le Bulletin #68 de l’AEEA, p. 40

Deuxièmement, Je pense que nous devrions égale- ment engager des discussions avec les représentants de la profession pour proposer la notion de responsa- bilité partagée en ce qui concerne la formation globale de l'architecte, et proposer une plate-forme d'unité pour nous aider à traiter toutes les actions des autres qui pourraient avoir comme résultat une baisse des normes d'enseignement. Il est clair, au moins dans les pays de l'Union Européenne que l'ar- chitecture ne semble pas être une très haute priorité dans l'esprit des ministres de l'éducation. Ces ministres et les gouvernements qu'ils représentent devraient être informés du rôle et de la fonction de l'architecture et de l'enseignement de l'architecture. Que ça plaise ou non, les enseignants des architectes et les architectes en exercice de la profession ont une responsabilité partagée des aspects essentiels de la qualité de l'environnement dans lequel nous vivons.

39 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Reports/Rapports

Comite consultatif pour la formation dans le domane de l’architecture rapport des experts reunis a Cologene le 3 mai 2003 Conclusions des experts réunis à Cologne le 3 mai 2003

1: Introduction est incluse dans les préambules de la Directive 85/384/EEC dont on propose Compte tenu du refus de la Commission de coopérer maintenant le remplacement par un nouvel en organisant une réunion du Comité Consultatif, ordre inconsidéré dicté uniquement par des réunion que son Président souhaitait conformément conditions de marché. aux règles de procédure du Comité, le Président a alors organisé une rencontre officieuse avec quatre 2.3: La proposition est en désaccord avec les conclu- autres experts, à Cologne, le 3 mai 2003. Conçu au sions de toutes les recherches antérieures entre- cours de cette rencontre, ce rapport est adressé aux prises dans l'accomplissement de la Directive Etats Membres, au Parlement Européen, au Comité Architectes existante, et, en particulier, avec les Consultatif et à la Commission. Il exprime l'opinion conclusions du propre rapport de la Commission unanime des cinq experts dont les noms figurent en concernant l'initiative SLIM. fin de rapport et concerne : (a) la proposition de la Commission pour une 2.4: La proposition est en désaccord avec la directive du Parlement Européen et du Conseil sur la Résolution du Conseil sur la qualité architectu- reconnaissance des qualifications professionnelles rale dans l'environnement urbain et rural de COM (2002) 119-2002-0061 (COD) dans la mesure février 2001 (2001/C73/04) qui précisément où elle concerne le champ de l'architecture l'indiffé- invite la Commission "à veiller à la prise en rence de la Commission ces dernières années quant compte de la qualité architecturale et de la spéci- au rôle et à la fonction du Comité Consultatif ficité du service architectural dans l'ensemble de ses politiques, actions et programmes".

2: Proposition pour une Directive concernant la 2.5: La proposition est de plus en désaccord avec la Reconnaissance des Qualifications Charte UNESCO-UIA de la formation des Professionnelles architectes (Juillet 1996) et avec le système de validation pour la formation architecturale de 2.1: La proposition, dans la mesure où elle concerne l'UNESCO-UIA (Juillet 2002) les qualifications professionnelles en architec- ture, est inadéquate dans le fait qu'elle omet de 2.6: LL'abrogation de la Directive Architectes exis- corriger les manques qui existent dans la tante n'est ni requise ni justifiée par l'extension Directive 85/384/EEC en ce qui concerne la de l'E.U. sous prétexte qu'elle rendrait le Comité durée des études et qu'elle passe sous silence la Consultatif impraticable. formation et l'expérience pratique 2.7: LEn tenant compte des éléments évoqués ci- 2.2: Cette proposition est également inadéquate car dessus, il est recommandé de aintenir, dans sa elle crée de nouvelles déficiences totalité, la Directive existante et d'amender la ● particulièrement en reléguant les principes Décision du Conseil 85/385/EEC.afin de prendre édictés dans l'article 3. (de la Directive des mesures appropriées pour constituer un 85/384/EEC) au rang d'un statut annexe, Comité Consultatif compatible avec l'extension ● dans l'introduction de différents "niveaux" de l'U.E. Il faut noter que le Comité du de qualification pour délivrer des services par Parlement Européen, concernant les Affaires rapport aux critères habituels, juridiques et le marché unique, préconisent ● concernant le manque de pertinence dans le également le maintien de la Directive Architectes processus de consultation en 2001, existante. ● dans la dénégation du droit établi permet- tant aux Etats Membres d'exprimer des doutes concernant une reconnaissance de 3: La meconnaissance de la commission qualifications conforme aux règles dans la concernant le role et la fonction du comite priorité donnée au "marché" sur la protec- consultatif tion des consommateurs et sur tout ce que l'architecture signifie et représente en terme 3.1: Le Comité Consultatif a été créé sur décision du de concept de protection de l'environnement Conseil 85/385/EEC du 1 0 Juin 1985 afin de avec une référence particulière à l'héritage conseiller la commission concernant la formation architectural européen, une philosophie qui dans le domaine de l'architecture et particulière-

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 40 Reports/Rapports

ment d'effectuer des évaluations et des recom- mais avec des qualifications très différentes aux mandations concernant les doutes qui peuvent celles envisagé dans la Directive 384/85. être exprimés, de temps en temps, par les Etats Membres concernant la conformité de certains 3.6: En tenant compte de ce qui est exposé ci-dessus, diplômes en architecture aux règles édictées par il est recommandé au Parlement et au Conseil de la Directive. Les réunions de travail sont norma- maintenir la procédure législative appliquée lement convoquées par la Commission mais actuellement en relation avec le projet de peuvent être diligentées par le Président du Directive (COM [2002] 119 final) jusqu'au Comité. moment où le Comité Consultatif pour la forma- tion dans le domaine de l'architecture aura été 3.2: Considérant que les règles de procédure précisent convoqué, se sera réuni, aura donné son avis que le Comité doit siéger au moins une fois par concernant la nouvelle Directive proposée, dans an, sa dernière réunion remonte au 26 la mesure où cette Directive intervient concer- Novembre 2001 nant la formation en architecture et la libre (!). Lorsque le Président, conformément aux circulation des architectes. règles, a proposé (le 30 décembre 2002) d'organi- ser une réunion, il a fallu attendre le 27 mars 2003 pour obtenir de la Commission une réponse à la lettre du Président. La Commission concluait qu'il n'était pas approprié de deman- ● Gûnther Uhug der l'avis du Comité concernant la proposition Dr. Ing. Professer an der Universitàt Frideriziana d'une nouvelle Directive, pour la raison entre Karisruhe, Architecte. Président du Comité autre qu'elle avait consulté d'autres personnes Consultatif représentatives (sans les nommer) au niveau d'une Commission ad hoc ● Mario Docci Architecte, ancien Président du Comité 3.3: En Novembre 2001 le Comité était avisé que de Consultatif Directeur du département RADAAR plus amples informations étaient recherchées par Université "La Sapienza" à Rome les autorités compétentes espagnoles concernant les doutes exprimés au sujet de 6 diplômes par les ● Roland Schweitzer gouvernements néerlandais et norvégiens. Architecte, ancien Président du Comité Malgré cela, la Commission ordonnait que ces Consultatif, Membre du Comité SLIM, Membre diplômes soient inscrits au J.O. du 10/09/02 du Comité UNESCO-UIA pour la validation comme diplômes reconnus. dans la formation des architectes

3.4: Plus récemment, certains diplômes finlandais ont ● John E. O'Reilly été inscrits comme "reconnus" sans tenir compte Architecte, Président du Groupe de Travail des doutes exprimés par le gouvernement italien. "Formation "du Comité Consultatif, Ancien Dans ce cas, les diplômes n'avaient pas été Président du CLAEU, Ancien Vice-Président soumis à l'avis du Comité Consultatif, en infrac- ACE tion avec les règles spécifiques de la Directive. ● James Horan 3.5: Les faits signalés ci-dessus sont cités à titre Architecte, Président du Groupe Travail d'exemples. Ils ne constituent pas une liste "Diplômes"du Comité, Consultatif, Vice- exhaustive mais indiquent l'attitude négative de Président et Président élu AEEA la Commission à l'égard du Comité créé spéciale- ment par le Conseil dans le but de conseiller la Commission concernant la formation dans le domaine de l'architecture. Surtout, cette approche, et l'approbation des diplômes qui la suivie comme décrit dans les paragraphes 3.3 et 3.4 au-dessus, a ouvert la possibilité que des nouveaux classes de professionnelles peuvent apparaître dans la marche comme « architectes »

41 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Article/Article

Questions That Will Not Go Away: Some Remarks on Long-Term Trends in Architecture and their Impact on Architectural Education John Habraken, Emeritus Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA

Introduction of the architect we identify with is rather recent. It is the product of the Renaissance. Alberti first Dear Colleagues, the agenda of this conference will formulated the new professional role that emerged no doubt subject you to administrative and orga- in those days: nizational topics. These have become only more Him I consider the architect, who by sure and important now that European higher education wonderful reason and method, knows both how to must be unified by a radical change of degree devise through his own mind and energy, and to structures. I am quite prepared to share with you realize by construction, whatever can be most my experience of more than two decades with the beautifully fitted out for the noble needs of man.1 uses of the bachelor / Masters model in the United States if that can contribute to your discussions. For Alberti, the subject is not architecture, but the But this evening, I want to raise a more philosoph- architect. In this passage and many others, he ical question. What fundamental images and ambi- defines a new kind of person, one who knows how tions have guided us in the past and may guide us to design. This new professional wanted to be free in the future? I want to particularly call attention from everyday environment and its traditions, to the way we explain ourselves to ourselves and to constraints, and limitations. From now on, focus those we work with. This question may not seem was on innovations and a new way of building. practical but, ultimately, our self-image determines The common urban or rural fabric was not what the way we design: our buildings reflect how we Alberti had in mind. For instance, he explicitly see ourselves. To let you know right from the recommended to build outside the city in free beginning what I am aiming at, my talk can be space unencumbered by adjoining buildings. summarized as follows: we come from a tradition In that sense too, he preceded Modernism. of monument builders, but today we are almost entirely immersed in design for everyday environ- The new language of architecture resulting from ments. Where we come from is very different from that emancipation, spread across the Western what we do now. The way we see ourselves is a hemisphere independent of whatever traditional product of the past and is becoming increasingly environments were already there. The rural villages counter productive. in the Russian plains, for instance, had their onion domed churches, but outside stood the Palladian villa of the land owner. In the New England The emergence of the Architect villages on the American continent, that villa was transformed into a court house or a town hall. In the past, the architect’s job was about special In those days, already, architects formed a brother- buildings: the palace, the castle, the mansion for hood that transcended national boundaries, the rich and, above all, the place of worship: the making architecture in what we now call the temple, the church, and the mosque. You may add network mode. Architectural history is the story of a few categories to this list, but it remains exclu- what they did. sive. Consequently, everyday environment was The co-existence of architecture and everyday never considered architecture. For thousands of environment has yet to be studied in detail. years it came about through a process so deeply No doubt there was interaction, interdependency, rooted in social patterns and material skills that it and mutual borrowing, but for all we know it was was taken for granted, much like we take our a happy coexistence. Architecture as an interna- breathing for granted. We still make that distinc- tional culture, found its place in the common tion. When we travel to see architecture, we walk fabric which took care of itself, had always been through the streets and squares of a foreign town there, and was what those who made architecture towards our destination: then we stop and look. could depend on.

At the same time we know everyday environments can be amazingly rich and beautiful. Think of Everyday environment becomes a problem Venice, Cairo, Damascus, Kyoto, old Beijing and Pompeii, and so many others. As long as human In Modern times, all this changed. Traditional ways shelter was produced environments of high quality of building became obsolete as new materials and have come about. Master builders are known to new techniques emerged. Age old building typolo- have contributed to their beauty, but the concept gies could no longer serve the needs of a rapidly

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changing society. New ways of transportation and architects who shared the belief that making good communication disturbed familiar local processes. architecture, as they understood it, was not in For the first time in human history, everyday envi- conflict with everyday environment. But if we ronment was not to be taken for granted. examine the properties peculiar to everyday envi- It became a problem to be solved. Responding to ronment and compare them with what architects that challenge, architects assumed invention and actually did, we find important contradictions. design would provide the answer. The Modernist Most obviously, there is the simple fact that one architect set out to deal with this new task with cannot claim at the same time that the entire built great ambition and the best of intentions. Indeed, environment is to be architecture and that archi- Modernist architecture as we know it, was thor- tecture is special and different. How can everything oughly occupied with the idea of a new everyday be special? This question by itself should give us environment. Think of the many architectural pause to ask what we actually are doing. Already in Icons we still admire: Rietveld’s Schröder house, the seventies of last century, Lawrence Anderson, the laboratory for much what still is part of our Dean of the School of Architecture at MIT, architectural sensibility, was the modest residence summed up the dilemma for me when I heard him of an elderly lady pursuing a Spartan lifestyle. sigh: "Too bad nobody wants to do a background building". The famous Weissenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart which brought together the most avant garde architects of the time was all about residential buildings. Sharing Values Ludwig Mies von der Rohe’s vision of office towers with undulating glass facades was a proposal for a What is common cannot be special, but it can be place of work. Duiker’s pristine concrete and glass of high quality. Famous urban environments from sanatorium was built for working class people and the past teach us it is quite possible that an entire paid for by the socialist party. Walter Gropius’ environment is beautiful, functions well, and is Bauhaus was intended to be an example of what well executed. That kind of quality first of all daily working environment could be. Le requires that those who work in the same location Corbusier’s radical plan Voisin was a proposal for a share values to a significant extent. Alas, such a new everyday environment. His Unité sharing is not part of our tradition. As already d’Habitation, supposed to stand free, like a pointed out, the Neo Classicists did not heed local Palladian villa, on a well manicured lawn, was only custom. Driven by their own vision, Modernist a next stage in his pursuit of that elusive vision. architects as well aspired to an international style The most elaborate vision of all was Tony Garnier’s among themselves independent of local thematics. proposal for a ‘Cité Industrielle’, by which he set But all that is history. Post Modernism liberated us out to convince himself, his peers, and his clients, from professional conformity as well. As a result, that in the machine age everyday environment because everybody wants to be different from could be humane and pleasant if designed everyone else, we just want no comparison at all. properly. The architectural preoccupation with a Nevertheless, today as in the past, sharing of quali- new everyday environment was not always benign. ties in a same locality, is what makes a good envi- European mass housing schemes as built before ronment. and after the Second World War were also consid- ered experiments in a new architecture and urbanism. Change and Transformation

Still today, many millions of people live in the Another issue where our architectural instincts are relentlessly uniform apartment buildings that at loggerheads with the common environment has came to cover urban fields from the Atlantic all the to do with change over time. In our tradition, time way into the far plains of Russia. is the enemy and must be held at bay. Good archi- tecture, we instinctively believe, is the stone in the midst of running water. The common environ- Contradictions ment, however, is the running water and change by way of adaptation over time is essential for its All these examples – the famous Modernist icons continued existence. Change goes hand in hand and the infamous housing blocks - were done by with permanence. Houses may come and go, for

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instance, but the street remains. The balance sions as well. Parallel to that, architectural design between what will change and what will remain has become more and more a matter of composi- long term is becoming increasingly important tion of hardware systems available on the market. when projects become larger and larger. A housing Kitchen systems, bathroom equipment, curtain project of several hundred uniform units cannot wall systems, or systems for windows or doors of just stay rigid when time goes by, but must adapt different sizes and shapes, have also been designed. to life’s variety. A sky scraper in which a few thou- Industrial designers invent the kit of parts with sand people work is not a building but a vertical which we play and as such have an increasing environment the size of a classical Greek town. impact on environmental quality. Here too, we can Nevertheless, we tend to treat it as just another big speak of distribution of design control. As we work building. The large project is with us to stay, but it we therefore are part of numerous and disparate must become increasingly fine grained and adapt- networks of skills and nowledge and what is built able. Practice already moves in that direction. is placed in an intricate environmental fabric as Today’s commercial office building offers tenants well, tied to networks of utility systems, using empty floor space to be fitted out by specialized products and materials shared with many other fit-out teams according to a design done projects, and adhering to values prevalent in local by an architect of the tenant’s choice. In the shop- or extraneous cultures. The very idea of "architec- ping mall too, retail space is left empty for the ture" as a self contained and single centered act retailer to take care of. A world wide ‘Open does not apply to work in everyday environment. Building’ network of researchers and architects In reality, as architects, we operate in a continuum promotes a similar adaptability in residential of design where we do our bit. buildings. And in a few countries like Japan, Finland and the Netherlands, governments support research in flexible building. In spite of this reality, Reality and ideology so far, architects do not see small scale adaptability as an invitation for a new kind of architecture. On In the mismatch between ideology and environ- the contrary, we regard such trends as encroach- mental reality, the former inevitably must give way. ments on our autonomy. Here again we find a It is often said that the architect’s role is diminish- conflict between our traditional instincts and the ing and his influence is gradually diluted. From the real world we must operate in. point of view of our outdated self image that may seem so. In reality architects have not been marginalized at all. In the new distributed way of Distribution of Design Responsibility operation, increasingly aware of local contextual issues in often rapidly changing environments, The issue of change is closely related to matters of architects are fully immersed in everyday environ- design responsibility. The old masters of ment. They are involved in almost every aspect of Modernity, Gropius, Le Corbusier, Mies van der environmental form. Their numbers are steadily Rohe and Frank Lloyd Wright designed their increasing. buildings down to the furniture in it. We still feel the ideal commission is one that allows us to do Architectural firms of course manage to live with the chair as well as the urban context. In practice, the conflict between ideology and reality. They of course, such full vertical design is seldom possi- could no be in business otherwise. But while they ble. To be sure, there is nothing wrong with some- do, they often are apologetic for compromising the one who can design a building as well as a chair or ideals learned in their student days and often a neighbourhood. The issue here is not design repeated in professional discussions and by critics ability, but design control. For everyday environ- of architecture. Caught in the tension between self ment to be alive and healthy, such control must be image and reality, they lack an intellectual support dispersed, allowing different parties taking care of system that only schools can provide. things on different levels in the environmental As educators, we suffer from the same hierarchy. Distribution of design control is not dichotomy. The role model which hampers the only related to change and adaptability. For today’s practitioner in the field, shapes our teaching and complex projects, partial tasks must be distributed thereby separates us from the real world, making it among members of design teams. This also less and less inspiring. How to come to grips with involves many consultants on building structure, the new reality? The necessary adaptation will be utility systems, lighting and acoustics and so on, slow, difficult, and painful. Allow me to conclude who, of course, are heavily involved in design deci- with a few broad remarks about that uncertain

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 44 Article/Article

task ahead of us. They are quite personal, based on But method does not dictate results. It facilitates my own experience. interaction between designers, leaving judgment to the individual, allowing her to experiment and explore. Creativity Indeed, in architectural design as in music, method allows coordination, but thereby also First, a disclaimer. In the traditional role model it stimulates improvisation. In music, we play is axiomatic that the creative impulse is suffocated together because we accept methods of scales by everyday environment’s constraints. But truly and tonalities and harmony. Given an accepted creative talent is stimulated by constraints. What theme, each can improvise as part of a larger else makes creativity important? whole. The skills that come from using method There is no reason to assume that design for creatively we may call ‘thematic skills’. everyday environment is less demanding than what our forebears did. On the contrary, sharing values, In architecture such skills include, for instance, designing for change and permanence, and coordi- making variations on an accepted typology, or nating distributed design responsibilities, demands using agreed upon patterns, or setting up a not only great sophistication in designing but also system of parts and relations for the creation of promises an architecture that will be more lively different forms in the same style. All this helps to and dynamic and complex than has been seen in share values. In terms of change too, the abilities the past. It will be an architecture in which the to explore variations allows us to anticipate permanent is truly structural and meaningful and possible changes in programs, or in context, the short-lived full of energy and surprises; where without abandoning form principles already set form is thematic in unending variation and into play. In terms of distribution of design renewal, and where the act of designing is signifi- control, thematic development of possible lower cant and respected on all levels of intervention. level variations helps us to assess the capacity of This new architecture demands both invention and the higher level form we are working at. Just as talent to come into its own. we assess the capacity of a room to hold different Nevertheless, creativity cannot define a profes- uses by imagining how it might be fitted out as a sion. Creative people are found in all walks of life. bedroom, or a study, or a play room. They shape medicine, law, science and engineering. It is not enough to call a ourselves a creative profession and claim privilege for it. Donald New teaching formats Schön, in his reflections on the practitioner’s role in society, has pointed out that the skilled and If you try to organize your design teaching that knowledgeable professional must possess what he way, you will find the traditional studio format calls "an artistry" to be a good practitioner. That does not help. Learning a skill demands exercise, goes not only for architects, but also for engineers, and exercise demands failure and time to try lawyers, and medical doctors. But a profession’s again. The jury invited to a design studio does identity is defined in terms of knowledge and not ask what the student learned, but only looks skills. It will be asked: What is it your profession at what is produced at the end. knows that others do not? Do you have the skills and methods to apply that knowledge successfully? The studio format is the sacred cow of architec- Skills and Method tural education. I hesitate to question it and do not argue its demise. But in studio it is impossi- The new skills we need all have to do with cooper- ble to exercise distribution of design responsibil- ation. Sharing environmental qualities makes us ity, or to deal with the sharing of values and listen to others. Change must honour what was qualities among designers, or to handle issues of done earlier by others and permanence must offer change. Studio can no longer be the only format space for who will come later. Distribution of for teaching design. Other ways must be design control calls for ways to parse design tasks invented. so that they support one another. The tool of cooperation is method, it comes to the fore wherever we seek to work together. Research and Knowledge Method is no more or less than a generally accepted way of working. A good method allows Finally, we need to teach knowledge about every- each of us to do our own with a minimum of fuss. day environment. How it is structured, what we

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can learn from historic and contemporary Notes: evidence, how different examples compare, how it 1: Leon Battista Alberti, On the Art of Building, in behaves over time and responds to change of Ten Books, translated by Joseph Rykwert, Neil inhabitation or other circumstances. Teaching Leach, Robert Tavernor, The MIT Press, architectural design without teaching how every- Cambridge, MA and London, 6th printing day environment works is like teaching medical 1996. students the art of healing without telling them how the human body functions. You would not trust a medical doctor who does not know the human body. Knowledge of everyday environment must legitimize our profession.

Recently, schools of architecture promote research, if only to establish their academic credentials. But we do not have a clear research agenda of our own. Architectural research is mostly attached to other fields, like building technology, management and economics, or the social sciences, to all of which we add a certain architectural perspective.

In contrast, the three questions about everyday environment I have mentioned earlier - how values are shared in environmental design, how change and permanence make environment live, and how the distribution of design responsibilities can make it bloom - are questions architects are best equipped to investigate because it has to do with the making of form and with the ways in which it is done. In other words, only by a return into everyday environment can our profession establish a research agenda of its own.

I already have spoken too long. Yet, my exposition remains rough and incomplete, for which I apolo- gize. But I have spoken with a sense of urgency. We have been in a state of denial for too long as a result of which we suffer a lack of direction and confidence. To restore our self-worth we must say out loud what we have suspected for some time: that we are part of everyday environment and depend on it, and that the everyday environment shapes us before we can help shape it,…..and that we must find ways to contribute to it to the best of our abilities. ■

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 46 Varia/Divers

Living in the North - Nordic Reflections on Architecture The Annual Symposium of The Nordic Association of Architectural Research, Helsinki, Finland

Call for Papers ● What are the local or regional Abstracts of max 400 words in English Conference fees: features in the North? or any Scandinavian language, and/or members of the association 120 euros, Department of Architecture, Helsinki ● How are contemporary cultural preliminary registration should be sent to non-members 200 euros, PhD students University of Technology invites all changes challenging our way of life Aija Staffans, aija.staffans@hut.fi, by the 70 euros. Further details will be researchers, writers and PhD students in and our way of planning and 15th of February 2004. The announce- announced later. the field of Architecture and Urban design? ment of acceptance will be sent by the Planning and Design to Helsinki from the end of February. Deadline for the 23rd to the 25th of April 2004. The aim of the Symposium is to discuss accepted final papers of max 3000 Programme coordinator: the Nordic Dimension of architecture words is the 31th of March. Aija Staffans, ● What is the identity of Nordic with a wide scope and to present differ- aija.staffans@hut.fi Architecture - or is there anything ent approaches to the topic. We are not The Scientific Committee of the we could call Nordic? assuming pre-determined identity for Symposium will assess all abstracts and ● What is the impact of the northern Nordic Architecture, but want to question papers submitted and organize them in Scientific committee: nature on architecture and urban the relevance of local, national and relevant working groups and themes. A Prof. Kimmo Lapintie, forms? Nordic features of society and culture to selected number of papers will be kimmo.lapintie@hut.fi ● What is the role of the welfare state our built environment. Is there something published as refereed articles in a Department of Architecture, Helsinki and modernism in Nordic architec- that should be defended against global special edition of Nordic Journal of University of Technology ture? forces? Are European and global connec- Architectural Research. ● How does the everyday life in the tions surpassing geographical proximity Nordic countries reflect on private and historical relations? The papers may and public spaces? range from material and climatic issues to aesthetic, social and cultural ones.

Contemporary Discourses in Architecture Beirut, Lebanon

May 13-15, 2004 that we are moving towards a ‘post-criti- problems and issues dealt with the in CV by email, by February 20, 2004 to: cal’ phase in architecture, where criti- particular contexts? [email protected] Call for Papers cism is suspended in the face of major This conference seeks to address these Deadline: February 20, 2004 technical and economic challenges. This questions under the four main categories The abstract file should have no names in turn is affecting and challenging the listed below, one of which will be specific or affiliations listed on it, only the paper The Department of Architecture and pedagogical mission of architecture as a to the context of the region in which this title. Design at the Lebanese American discipline of intellectual inquiry that conference will be held. The last session University is organizing a symposium on addresses concrete problems of life. is an open category for papers that may A committee of international reviewers Contemporary Discourses in Architecture While certain aspects of the older critical be of general interest to the debate. will blindly review the abstracts and will to be held in May 2004 in Beirut, discourses are still valid to address the send notifications of acceptance by Lebanon. emerging paradigms, others are becom- ● From discourse to reality: the inter- March 15, 2004. The accepted partici- ing inadequate to the new reality. face between theory and practice pants will be expected to submit a full Symposium Theme: What should be the goals of theory and ● Emerging paradigms in architecture text of their paper by April 23, 2004. pedagogy, and the role of praxis under ● The crisis of the architectural object After the eventful decades of production this new condition? How should we and the city The full program of the symposium, of ‘critical’ discourses in architectural address the conditions imposed by real- ● Architectural pedagogy and the which will include a tour of the new theory, new paradigms are emerging ity within these various discourses? Are problems of practice in the Arab projects in Beirut, will be announced which are affecting the status of ‘theory’ the traditional ideological and aesthetic World later. inside the discourse of architecture as critiques of the “object” and the theoreti- ● Open session well as the practice of architecture as a cal formulations of the “City” still valid discipline. In contrast to the debates of tools of analysis for this new condition? Please send your detailed abstract of the 1970s and 80’s, some would argue Finally how do we see some of these 1000 words [specify category] with your

47 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Varia/Divers

International Gazimagusa Symposium 2004 Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus

12-16 April 2004 has preserved through ages in Her ing exhibitions or you can commute your For futher information: body along with the contribution of ideas via electronic media through sine- Medi-Triology: Momentum, others. Then from the fusion of vision shows. There are also plans for www.emu.edu.tr/medi3ology Metamorphosis, Manifesto these elements on the stage, we organizing student competitions for short [email protected] shall help Gazimagusa speak her movies, concerts and site trips. Conference Theme manifesto to all that would like to Submission Of Proposals for join. Papers/Workshops/Exhibitions The Mediterranean city of Gazimagusa Abstracts should be minimum 600 maxi- Important Dates: kindly presents her scars as the reminis- The present symposium, fourth in the mum 1000 words. Any abstracts below cence of wars that took place through series, is set up as an international 600 words will not be evaluated. ● Extended deadline for abstracts, centuries. She reflects all that She has conference: an intercultural affair of an Abstracts may be submitted in English or proposals for exhibitions and work- witnessed and preserves all the trea- exchange process about similar problem Turkish. shops: sures She has gathered from civiliza- situations, potential solutions, proposals, September 15, 2003 tions. The bits and pieces gathered by and innovations related to the ● Pre-registration Date: Her witnessing memory has grown to an Mediterranean. In view of the historical September 15, 2003 extent that She would like to break her and cultural richness of the region, the ● Notification of acceptance: silence. We shall gather here to help her context is determined to be city, archi- Conference Venue October 15, 2003 raise her voice and join hands with tecture and art. So the stage will be set ● Deadline for full papers, exhibition others who would like to speak along. for a Mediterranean trilogy of: Eastern Mediterranean University format, plan of workshops: Momentum, Metamorphosis, Manifesto Faculty of Architecture January 15, 2004 ● We shall try to understand the that will cover: Famagusta (Gazimagusa) ● Deadline for full registration: momentum She has gained Mersin 10, Turkey, North Cyprus January 15, 2004 through the accumulation of ● Theories, Concepts, Methods centuries. ● Case Studies / Projects Registration fee is 100 Euro ● We shall try to visualize, observe ● Innovative Ideas, Approaches Symposium Convenors: Symposium official language is English and criticize her twisting and turn- and Turkish (there will be simultaneaous ing, in other words Her metamor- within the context of City, Architecture, Rusen Keles, Symposium Director translation) phosis. and Art in the Mediterranean Region Ugur Dagli and Sebnem Hoskara ● We shall set the stage to melt You can be part of the stage by present- Symposium Co-Directors cultures, identities and entities she ing a paper, organizing a workshop, join- And The Organizing Committee

International Conference on Fractal Foundations for XXI Century Architecture and Environmental Design Círculo de Bellas Artes. Madrid, Spain

25-26th March 2004. Manchester (Great Britain), Paul Coates, The objectives are: ● To discover the complementarity University of East London (Great Britain), between structures of mind and Internationally recognized experts will Carl Bovill, University of Maryland (USA), ● To build a forum of discussion offer- nature and how these are embed- survey the integral applications of fractal Inés Moisset, Universidad de Córdoba ing a meeting point to all those who ded in design. geometry in architecture and environ- (Argentina), and the spaniards Marian apply fractal geometry in design mental design. The program consists of Castro (INPHINIART) and Pioz&Cervera. and architecture. ● To search for the genuine concept twelve first-rang presentations and of beauty in a nature and human- several individual research projects, The conference will also count on ● To recover the “ancient wisdom” centred architecture but based in previously evaluated by a special psychologists like James A. Wise, human embodied in architecture, art and the latest scientific and technologi- committee. factors and environmental specialist and design through the means of cal advances of the XXI Century. co organizer of FFRACTARQ, or Gert van modern mathematics and systems The event will be opened by Carlos Tonder, visual cognitive scientist in the theory. Hernández Pezzi, president of the Kyoto Institute of Technology (Japan) and Consejo Superior de los Colegios de mathematicians like Ron Eglash, ● To survey the different ways in Arquitectos de España, who shall be Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (USA). which the term “fractals” has been For further information: followed by specialists like Giuseppe Finally, Laura Deubler-Mercurio, color rightfully and mistakenly applied in www.inphiniart.com/ffractarq/home.htm Caglioti, physician in the Politecnico di and design consultant will approach the contemporary architecture. Phone Number: (+34) 91 501 31 14 Milano (Italy), as well as the architects fractals in the design of textiles to Andrew Crompton, University of promote wellbeing into patients.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 48 Varia/Divers

WAS Conference Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, UK,

15-17 September 2004 Material Primitives A Conference Publication is planned. "Le terme Primitif est tombé en désué- Can construction bring us closer to some Preliminary discussions have been held tude parmi de nombreux universitaires et Call for Papers, ‘primitive’ self? Is there sucha thing as with Routledge. praticiens. Cette conférence, organisée First Announcement. ‘primitive’ building? If so, how is it – or par l'Ecole d'Architecture du Pays de how was it- done? What are ‘primitive’ Galles (Welsh School of Architecture) à Primitive buildings like? How are they inhabited? Timetable: Cardiff, Grande-Bretagne, cherche à ● Contributing authors should submit retracer son ascension, sa chute et son The word Primitive has fallen from Spiritual Primitives an abstract (max. 500 words) to avenir éventuel. favour with many architectural scholars Is the ‘primitive’ close to the divine? How the conference Co-ordinators by and practitioners. This conference - have architects looked to the ‘primitive’ December 2003. Toute personne intéressée est invitée à organised by the Welsh School of in order to gain contact with a meta- ● Authors will be notified of their proposer sa contribution. Les contribu- Architecture in Cardiff, UK - seeks to physical realm? provisional acceptance: tions peuvent émaner d'architectes, chart its rise, fall and possible futures. 18 February 2004. d'historiens, de théoristes ou d'autres Contributions are invited from architects, Digital Primitives disciplines et professions. historians, theorists and those from other Is it possible to be a digital ‘primitive’? Conference Co-ordinators: disciplines and professions. Are digital technologies the antithesis of La conférence se tiendra à Cardiff du 15 ‘primitive’? - Or on the contrary is the Jo Odgers au 17 septembre 2004. Tout sujet asso- We welcome abstracts on a broad diver- ‘primitive’ now more relevant than ever Flora Samuel cié au thème de la conférence pourra sity of topics. Themes could include the ina disembodied virtual world? Adam Sharr faire l'objet d'un exposé. Un résumé following: Other suggestions relevant to the confer- devra être soumis avant le 18 décembre ence theme will be considered. Conference Secretary: 2003 au jury de sélection pour être Ecological Primitives sélectionné. Must architecture be ‘primitive’ to be Laura Colvin sustainable? Keynote speakers include: Welsh School of Architecture Veuillez trouver ci-joint sous format 'pdf' Cardiff University, Bute Building une copie du poster/dépliant de la confé- Romantic Primitives: ● Adrian Forty, Bartlett, University King Edward VII Avenue rence. Le site web de la conférence se Architects tend to Romanticise notions of College London Cardiff, CF1 3NB trouve à l'adresse suivante: the Primitive. How have such romances ● Andrew Freear, Rural Studio Tel: 029 2087 4430 www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/primitive been formulated, now and in the past? ● Hilde Heynen, Katholieke Fax: 029 20874926 Do they have any value? Universiteit Leuven [email protected] Nous vous serions reconnaissants de ● Charles Jencks, Architectural writer [email protected] bien vouloir communiquer les détails de Original Primitives. and critic, London [email protected], la conférence à vos collègues, de toute Is it somehow a ‘primitive’act to give ● David Leatherbarrow, University of [email protected] discipline, susceptibles d'être intéressés. form to one’s surroundings? Are notions Pennsylvania of origin relevant? How should we ● Duncan Lewis, Scape Architecture For futher information: Veuillez nous exuser si vous avez déjà respond to stories about the origins of ● Dalibor Vesely, University of reçu cet email par d'autres voies." architecture? Cambridge www.cardiff.ac.uk/archi/primitive

Forum Forum

The EAAE has opened a WEB forum To enter the forum, click on the FORUM L'AEEA a ouvert un forum sur le site web Pour y accéder, suivez la procédure sous about doctorates in architecture. I invite button. You will need a password, and de l'association. Ce forum est destiné à le bouton ' FORUM'. Il Vous faudra un mot you to participate in discussions and to this will be given to you without any fee l'échange d'idées sur les doctorats en de passe, qui vous sera attribué gratuite- inform those of your colleagues who may when you follow the indicated procedure. architecture. ment en suivant la procédure affichée. be interested in the existence of this The ideas gathered in this forum will Les idées rééunies dans ce forum forum. contribute to the ENHSA program and to Je vous invite à participer aux discus- contribueront au programme ENHSA et au You can find the forum on the homepage the next Chania Meeting. sions et à signaler son existence aux prochain meeting de Chania. of the EAAE/AEEA: membres intéressés de votre école. Stéphane Hanrot, Forum Administrator Stéphane Hanrot, animateur du Forum www.eaae.be [email protected] www.eaae.be [email protected]

49 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 Varia/Divers

Conference – The unthinkable doctorate. Discussing design-based research Hogeschool voor Wetenschap & Kunst (W&K) Architecture Department Sint-Lucas, Belgium.

15-16 april 2005 But a “doctorate in architecture” which is welcome proposals based on architec- Organising committee Supported by Nethca (Network for theory, constituted from the practitioner archi- tural practice. history and criticism of architecture) and tect’s work itself – “architecting” – has Johan Verbeke, Marc Belderbos and USO-Built. not yet deeply been explored. Marc Dujardin (Hogeschool voor Invited Keynote speakers Wetenschap & Kunst, Departement Call for papers Doctorates that think through and reflect Architectuur Sint-Lucas) upon - by whatever graphic or linguistic ● Francesco Cellini Hilde Heynen ( Katholieke Universiteit This colloquium is intended to unite means - architecture qua architecture in Faculty of Architecture of the Leuven) academics and practitioners around the its various fields of operation, its even- ‘Universita degli studi Roma Tré Bernard Kormoss (Maastricht question of the doctorate in architecture, tual essence or eventual existence, its ● Halina Dunin Woyseth Architecture Academy) and particularly the more specific ques- order, its structure, its ethics are even Oslo School of Architecture tion of what might be a doctorate for rarer. What is its field of application? ● Ranulph Glanville architects who practice. What criteria are applicable to it? What Royal Melbourne Institute of Conference secretariat The question may be formulated in at options might be available, and how to Technology least two parts: identify potential candidates? ● Stephane Hanrot Katrien Vandendorpe Such are the questions that participants Ecole d’Architecture Marseille W&K Departement Architectuur Sint- ● Under what conditions might the in the colloquium, whether practitioners Luminy Lucas design work of an architect, formal- or scholars, are invited to try to answer, Paleizenstraat 65-67 ized and formatted by him- or based on their own institutional or 1030 Brussels herself, be recognized as a professional experience. Timetable Belgium doctorate? We hope in particular that some practi- Tel: + 32 2 242 00 00 ● How might doctoral work be config- tioners will be able to show how a verita- ● Submission of abstracts: Fax: +32 2 245 14 04 ured so as to help ground and ble doctorate in architecture made by 15 June 2004 Katrien.vandendorpe@ further the architectural work of the themselves can aid the development of ● Notification of acceptance: archb.sintlucas.wenk.be author? their design work or their thinking and 31 August 2004 also what such a doctorate can bring to ● Submission of draftpapers: Doctorates in the “architectural sciences” the intellectual community? 30 October 2004 For Further Information: (considered in their most general sense, ● Comments and suggestions: including urbanism, urban design, and Abstracts should be maximum 600 15 December 2004 www.architectuur.sintlucas.wenk.be/nl/co regional planning), in the various words. The official languages of the ● Final version of the papers: nference_the_unthinkable_ doctorate domains of construction, and in theory conference are Dutch, French and 31 January 2005 /index.htm and history of architecture are currently English. Abstracts are preferably submit- ● Conference: recognized. ted in English. The organisers particularly 15-16 April 2005

EAAE Website EAAE News Sheet offers publication space

Having been “under construction” for of EAAE: full news sheet are avail- ture; this forum is run by Stephane As the circulation of the News Sheet several years, the website of EAAE has able in digital format, the e-guide Hanrot; those who like to partici- continues to grow the Council of EAAE been remodelled completely and is now of schools of architecture can be pate in the discussions have to sign has decided to allow Schools to advertise fully operational at: consulted for free (being in the up for free; this site is open to all academic vacancies and publicise www.eaae.be guide requires membership) individuals willing to participate, conference activities and publications in also to non EAAE members. In the forthcoming editions. Those wishing to By the end of 2003 the website will be ● Events future more fora can be created avail of this service should contact the bilingual English / French. subdivided in meetings, confer- upon request; Editor (there will be a cost for this The website has a straightforward hierar- ences, workshops, special events; service). chic structure under the buttons: ● Awards ● Members with buttons for the EAAE Prize gives information about the Yours sincerely ● Home sponsored by VELUX and the AG2R membership: active member James F Horan, President of the EAAE. opening the homepage with a student competition; schools, active individual members, hotnews paragraph; associate members, associate ● Forum members, honorary members ● Publications is a place for interactive exchange giving way to: EAAE News Sheet, of information concerning a topic, publications, e-guide, transactions in this case doctorates in architec- Herman Neuckermans.

News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 50 EAAE Council/AEEA Conseil

Project Leaders/Chargés de Mission Council Members/Membres du Conseil

VAN DUIN, Leen POPESCU, Emil Barbu FJELD, Per Olaf NEUCKERMANS, Herman (Guide and Meta-university) (EAAE/AG2R Prize) Oslo School of Architecture (Past EAAE/AEEA President) Delft University of Technology Institute of Architecture Ion Mincu Postboks 6768 KUL-Dpt. of Architecture Faculty of Architecture Str. Academiei 18-20 St. Olavs Plass Kasteel van Arenberg Berlageweg 1 Sector 1 N-0139 Oslo/NORWAY B-3001 Leuven/BELGIQUE 2628 CR Delft/THE NETHERLANDS 70109 Bucarest/ROUMANIE tel ++47/22.997070 tel ++32/16.321361 tel ++31/15.2 785957 tel ++40/1.3139565 fax ++47/22.99719071 fax ++32/16.321984 fax ++31/15.2 781028 ++40/1.3155482 [email protected] herman.neuckermans@ [email protected] fax ++40/1.3123954 asro.kuleuven.ac.be HORAN, James HANROT, Stephane SPIRIDONIDIS, Constantin (EAAE/AEEA President) TOFT, Anne Elisabeth (Research and Doctorates) (Heads’ Meetings; ENHSA) Dublin Institute of Technology Aarhus School of Architecture Ecole d’Architecture de Marseille Luminy Université Aristotelienne de Thessaloniki School of Architecture Noerreport 20 184 av. de Luminy Ecole d´Architecture Bolton Street 1 DK-8000 Aarhus C/DENMARK F-13288 Marseille/FRANCE Bte. Universitaire 491 Dublin /IRELAND tel ++45/89.360310 tel ++33/4.91625235 GR-54006 Thessaloniki/GREECE tel ++353/1.4023690 fax ++45/86.130645 fax ++33/4.91957744 tel ++30/310.995589 fax ++353/1.4023989 [email protected] [email protected] fax ++30/310.458660 [email protected] [email protected] VOYATZAKI, Maria HARDER,Ebbe Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (EAAE Prize) TOFT, Anne Elisabeth School of Architecture Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts (News Sheet) GR-54006 Thessaloniki/GREECE School of Architecture tel ++30/310.995544 Holmen fax ++30/310.458660 1433 Copenhagen/DENMARK [email protected] tel ++45/32.686000 fax ++45/32.686111

Thematic Coordinators Sécretariat permanent EAAE/AEEA Secretary HANROT, Stephane SCHOL, Lou (Research and Doctorates) Kasteel van Arenberg B-3001 Leuven/BELGIQUE VOYATZAKI, Maria tel ++32/(0)16.321694 (Construction) fax ++32/(0)16.321962 [email protected] http://www.eaae.be

51 News Sheet 68 February/Février 2004 EAAE Calendar AEEA Calendrier

2004 05 European Symposium on Research in Journees europeennes de la recherche archi- Architecture and Urban Design tectur et urbaine Marseille/France Marseille/France

05 EAAE/AG2R Competition Concours EAAE/AG2R Exhibition and Presentation of Prizes Exposition et remise des prix Paris/France Paris/France

02 – 04 06 International Conference on Architectural Conférence Internationale sur la Recherche Research Architecturale ARCC/EAAE, Dublin/Ireland ARCC/EAAE, Dublin/Irlande

o 09 7th Meeting of Heads of European Schools of 7 Conférence des Directeurs des Écoles Architecture d’Architecture en Europe

27 - 30 10 European Symposium on Research in Journees europeennes de la recherche archi- Architecture and Urban Design tectur et urbaine Delft/The Netherlands Delft/Pays-Bas

25 - 26 11 EAAE Prize Workshop 2003-2005 L’Atelier Prix de l’AEEA 2003-2005 Copenhagen/Denmark Copenhague/Danemark

EAAE News Sheet Contributions to EAAE News Sheet Contributions AEEA News Sheet Aarhus School of Architecture Noerreport 20 Contributions to the News Sheet are always welcome, and should Les contributions au News Sheet sont toujours bienvenues. EIles DK-8000 Aarhus C be sent to the editor, who reserves the right to select material for doivent être envoyées à l'éditeur, qui décidera de leur publica- publication. Contributions might include conference reports, notice tion. Contributions d'interêt: rapports de conférences, évene- of future events, job announcements and other relevant items of ments à venir, postes mis au concours, et d'autres nouvelles en Editor’s Office news or content. The text should be available in French and bref sur la formation architecturale. Les critéres à suivre sont: English, unformatted, on either disk or as an email enclosure. Les textes doivent être en Français et en Anglais, en forme d'un Anne Elisabeth Toft Deadlines are announced in the News Sheets. ■ document de texte non formaté, qui peut être attaché à un e- Ph.D.-Student mail ou être envoyé en forme d'une disquette. Les dates limites The Aarhus School of Architecture sont publiées dans chaque bulletin. ■ Noerreport 20 DK-8000 Aarhus C tel ++45/89.360310 fax ++45/86.130645 [email protected] Secretariat AEEA-EAAE tel ++32/(0)16.321694 EAAE interactive www.eaae.be Lou Schol fax ++32/(0)16.321962

NEWS SHEET deadlines Kasteel van Arenberg [email protected] #69 (B2/2004), May/Mai 15/05 #70 (B3/2004), Sept./Sept. 01/09 B-3001 Leuven/BELGIQUE http://www.eaae.be