DOCSLIB.ORG

Kappa E Hochschorner 080310

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kappa E Hochschorner 080310 Life Cycle Thinking in Environmentally Preferable Procurement Elisabeth Hochschorner Doctoral Thesis Environmental Strategies Research – fms Department of Urban Planning and Environment Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm www.infra.kth.se/fms Stockholm, 2008 Title: Life Cycle Thinking in Environmentally Preferable Procurement Author: Elisabeth Hochschorner TRITA SoM 2008-05 ISSN 1653-6126 ISRN KTH/SoM/-08/05-SE ISBN 978-91-7178-910-5 Printed by US AB, Stockholm, Sweden, 2008 2 Abstract Products generate environmental impacts during their life cycle by consuming raw materials and energy, releasing emissions and producing waste. A procurement organisation can be a considerable driving force for more environmentally friendly products e.g. by requiring that products meet certain environmental criteria. The scope for environmental consideration when procuring materiel can be limited by lack of reliable information about the environmental characteristics of the product or service. Different types of tools (e.g. eco-labels, guidelines, checklists and tools for environmental assessment) can contribute some knowledge and help identify environmentally preferable products. This thesis focuses on use of tools for environmental consideration in Swedish defence acquisition but the results are also relevant for other organisations, since the procurement process analysed is rather general and the legal requirements are similar for other public organisations in Europe. A Swedish government decision in 1998 requires the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) and Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) to take environmental consideration in all phases of the acquisition process. The importance of a life cycle perspective is stressed in several SAF and FMV environmental documents. The starting point of this thesis was that environmental consideration should be taken in the Swedish acquisition of defence materiel, considering the whole life cycle of products, with the aim of formulating proposals on environmentally friendly procurement. Some Ecodesign tools were reviewed and evaluated, two methods for simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) were compared, tools and methodology were recommended, and used to study military materiel, and environmental Life Cycle Costing (LCC) was examined. In environmental work lacking a life cycle perspective, the most significant aspects risk being overlooked. Use of quantitative and/or simplified LCAs and inclusion of environmental costs in LCC are therefore recommended. LCA proved an appropriate tool for involving environmental consideration in the acquisition process, since it focuses on products and their life cycle. The MECO method proved best for simplified LCA. These suggested methods were evaluated by interviews with actors in the acquisition process. Four areas for LCA use in acquisition were identified: learning about environmental aspects of products; fulfilling customer requirements; setting environmental requirements; and choosing between alternatives. The interviewees were interested in using LCA, but there is a need for an initiative by one or several actors if the method is to be used regularly and the results must be communicated within the organisations involved in procurement. Environmental consideration should be taken early in the acquisition process and environmental matters integrated into other activities of the organisations involved. Environmental costs are not explicitly considered in the LCCs used by the interviewees today, but internal environmental costs should be included. Costs likely to be internal can also be included. 3 Sammanfattning Produkter medför miljöpåverkan under sin livscykel, på grund av konsumtion av råvaror, användning av energi, utsläpp av föroreningar och generering av avfall. Genom att ställa miljökrav har den upphandlande organisationen möjlighet att påverka att produkter blir mer miljöanpassade. En begränsande faktor för miljöhänsyn i upphandling kan vara bristen på information om produkters miljöpåverkan. Olika typer av verktyg kan underlätta valet av miljöanpassade produkter, genom att bidra med kunskap om produkters miljöpåverkan. Exempel på sådana verktyg är miljömärkning, riktlinjer, checklistor och verktyg för miljöanalys. Denna avhandling fokuserar på användning av verktyg för miljöhänsyn vid upphandling i det svenska försvaret. Resultaten kan vara intressanta även för andra sektorer, eftersom den upphandlingsprocess som analyseras är relativt allmän, och lagkraven är samma som gäller för andra europeiska offentliga organisationer. Enligt ett regeringsbeslut 1998 ska Försvarsmakten och Försvarets Materielverk i Sverige ta miljöhänsyn i anskaffningens alla faser. Vikten av ett livscykelperspektiv i miljöarbetet framgår i flera av Försvarsmaktens och Materielverkets miljödokument. Utgångspunkten för den här avhandlingen är att miljöhänsyn ska tas i försvarets anskaffning med hänsyn till produkternas hela livscykel. Målet med avhandlingen är att föreslå hur detta kan gå till. För att kunna lägga fram detta förslag har ett antal Ecodesignverktyg utvärderats, två metoder för förenklad livscykelanalys (LCA) har jämförts, verktyg och metodik har rekommenderats och även använts för att studera en typ av militär materiel, och livscykelkostnad (LCC) med miljökostnader har studerats. Om miljöarbetet saknar ett livscykelperspektiv finns en risk att viktiga aspekter inte inkluderas. För detta ändamål föreslås att kvantitativa och/eller förenklade LCAer används, samt att miljökostnader inkluderas i LCC. LCA är ett lämpligt verktyg för att ta miljöhänsyn i upphandlingsprocessen, eftersom det fokuserar på produkten och inkluderar dess livscykel. När en förenklad LCA behövs rekommenderas MECO metoden. Förslagen har utvärderats genom intervjuer med aktörer i upphandlingsprocessen. Fyra användningsområden för LCA i upphandlingsprocessen har identifierats: att lära om produktens miljöaspekter, att uppfylla kundens krav, att ställa miljökrav och att välja mellan alternativ. Aktörerna är intresserade av att använda LCA-metoder, men för att LCA ska börja användas regelbundet krävs ett initiativ från en eller flera av aktörerna. Det är viktigt att resultatet kommuniceras inom de berörda organisationerna. Miljöhänsyn bör tas så tidigt som möjligt i upphandlingsprocessen och miljöfrågor bör integreras i övriga aktiviteter inom de inblandade organisationerna. Miljökostnader inkluderas inte i de LCCer som används av de intervjuade idag. Interna miljökostnader bör inkluderas i LCCn. Kostnader som kan komma att internaliseras kan också inkluderas. 4 Tack Det finns många att tacka för att jag har kunnat skriva en avhandling. Ett stort tack till Göran Finnveden, för att du har varit min huvudhandledare, för allt du har lärt mig och för ditt stöd under hela processen. Jag är tacksam för Försvarsmaktens och FOIs finansiering av de projekt som avhandlingen bygger på. Det var till stor del tack vare insatser från Karl-Henrik Dreborg och Mats Ahlberg, som det blev möjligt för mig att börja som doktorand. Tack för er hjälp, och ert fortsatta intresse i mitt arbete! Jag vill tacka mina två biträdande handledare, Ronald Wennersten under tiden fram till licentiatavhandlingen och Anna Björklund efter denna. Jag började som doktorand på Industriell Ekologi, och jag har en lärare från denna avdelning, Lennart Nilson, att tacka för att jag kom i kontakt med fms och livscykelanalyser. Jag har hela tiden arbetat på fms, men det var först när vi fick en egen inriktning för forskarutbildningsämne, som jag kunde bli doktorand här. Jag vill tacka mina granskare av licentiatavhandlingen och manuset till min doktorsavhandling för era värdefulla kommentarer. Tack även till andra granskare (kända som okända) av de texter som avhandlingen bygger på. Värdefulla insatser kommer givetvis även från mina medförfattare, tack för ett givande samarbete. Jag vill även passa på att tacka övriga kollegor på fms för ert engagemang. Särskilt tack till Sara och Åsa för era glada hejarrop! Ovärderlig hjälp och hejarklack har jag också fått utanför arbetet, särskilt från min familj, mina föräldrar och min syster, utan er hade jag säkert gått vilse i mulleskogen... Till sist vill jag tacka mina allra käraste Pelle och Anton för att ni är sådana glädjespridare! 5 List of appended papers Paper I: Byggeth S, Hochschorner E (2006): Handling trade-offs in Ecodesign tools for sustainable product development and procurement. Journal of Cleaner Production 14, 1420- 1430. The paper is reproduced with the kind permission of Elsevier Ltd. Paper II: Hochschorner E and Finnveden G (2003a): Evaluation of two simplified Life Cycle Assessment methods. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 8, 119-128. The paper is reproduced with the kind permission of Ecomed publishers. Paper III: Hochschorner E, Hägvall J, Finnveden G, Griffing E and Overcash M (2006): Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of a pre fragmented high explosive grenade. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 81: 461-475. © Society of Chemical Industry, first published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Paper IV: Hochschorner E, Finnveden G (2006): Life Cycle Approach in the procurement process: The case of defence materiel. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, 200-208. The paper is reproduced with the kind permission of Ecomed publishers. Paper V: Hochschorner E (2007): Environmental costs in Life Cycle Costing: A survey. Submitted. 6 Table of Contents Abstract..................................................................................................................................3
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Life Cycle Assessment
    Life cycle assessment http://lcinitiative.unep.fr/ http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/index.vm http://www.lbpgabi.uni-stuttgart.de/english/referenzen_e.html "Cradle-to-grave" redirects here. For other uses, see Cradle to the Grave (disambiguation). Recycling concepts Dematerialization Zero waste Waste hierarchy o Reduce o Reuse o Recycle Regiving Freeganism Dumpster diving Industrial ecology Simple living Barter Ecodesign Ethical consumerism Recyclable materials Plastic recycling Aluminium recycling Battery recycling Glass recycling Paper recycling Textile recycling Timber recycling Scrap e-waste Food waste This box: view • talk • edit A life cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to- grave analysis) is the investigation and valuation of the environmental impacts of a given product or service caused or necessitated by its existence. Contents [hide] 1 Goals and Purpose of LCA 2 Four main phases o 2.1 Goal and scope o 2.2 Life cycle inventory o 2.3 Life cycle impact assessment o 2.4 Interpretation o 2.5 LCA uses and tools 3 Variants o 3.1 Cradle-to-grave o 3.2 Cradle-to-gate o 3.3 Cradle-to-Cradle o 3.4 Gate-to-Gate o 3.5 Well-to-wheel o 3.6 Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment 4 Life cycle energy analysis o 4.1 Energy production o 4.2 LCEA Criticism 5 Critiques 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links [edit] Goals and Purpose of LCA The goal of LCA is to compare the full range of environmental and social damages assignable to products and services, to be able to choose the least burdensome one.
    [Show full text]
  • Met Matrix” Method in Ouтlining the Environmental Aspects of a New Insulation Composite Material
    Journal of Chemical TechnologyStiliyan and Stefanov Metallurgy, 52, 5, 2017, 969-974 APPLICATION OF “MET MATRIX” METHOD IN OUТLINING THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF A NEW INSULATION COMPOSITE MATERIAL Stiliyan Stefanov University of National and World Economy Received 11 October 2016 Department of Economics of Natural Resources Accepted 16 January 2017 Students Town „Hristo Botev”, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Most of the insulation materials used in construction has a huge impact on the environment throughout their life cycle. Therefore making a product of improved operational and environmental performance indicators is a real challenge for the designers. The widespread usage of composite materials gives more opportunities to achieve this goal. This article describes a conceptual model of an insulating material obtained on the basis of rubber crumbs and expanded perlite of improved environmental and functional performance indicators. The MET matrix is used to determine significant and problematic areas in terms of the environment. The results show that the material under investigation meets the eco materials established literature operational and environmental requirements. Keywords: eco-design, eco-design tools, composite materials, MET matrix. INTRODUCTION ics principles, so that to assure microclimate normative parameters of the premises with less thermal energy. The world is recently facing a number of challenges This is impossible without the use of insulation materi- in the field of energy and environmental
    [Show full text]
  • University of Bradford Ethesis
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bradford Scholars University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. A Plan-Do-Check-Act Framework for WEEE and RoHS Randa Ahmed Musbah El-Gomla MPhil University of Bradford 2011 A Plan-Do-Check-Act Framework for WEEE and RoHS A model for Implementing WEEE and RoHS by Integrating Eco- design Factors and Activities into Business Operation and Strategy Randa Ahmed Musbah El-Gomla MPhil Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Engineering, Design and Technology University of Bradford 2011 ABSTRACT “A PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT FRAMEWORK FOR WEEE and RoHS” A model for Implementing WEEE and RoHS by Integrating Eco-design into Business Operation Randa El-Gomla Keywords Eco-design, WEEE, RoHS, Design-For-Environment (DFE), Sustainable Development, Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing (ECM), Environmentally Conscious Design (ECD), Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Environmentally Conscious Production (ECP), Life Cycle Thinking, ISO 14000, ISO 14001, Environmental Management System (EMS), Eco-design Framework, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Improvement Cycle, Recycling, Reuse. Eco-design is relatively new and fast growing field of research due to its vital importance to the manufacturing industry and its related environmental issues such as reducing waste, and CO2 emission. A major EU programme relating to the environment is the waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment and Improvement of Sustainability Education in Civil And
    ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Mary Katherine Watson In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology August 2013 Copyright 2013 by Mary Katherine Watson ASSESSMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION IN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Approved by: Dr. Michael Rodgers, Advisor Dr. Randall Guensler School of Civil and Environmental School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Donna Llewellyn Dr. James Mulholland School of Industrial and Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Teaching and Learning Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Caroline Noyes Dr. Kari Watkins Office of Assessment School of Civil and Environmental Georgia Institute of Technology Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: April 30, 2013 This work is dedicated to my loving husband who has selflessly supported me in all of my personal and professional endeavors. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Michael Rodgers for his support during my time at Georgia Tech. He has been an exceptional mentor who has encouraged me to develop expertise in unconventional, interdisciplinary research areas. Always a pleasure to work with, his honest and insightful advice has been indispensable. In addition to my advisor, I would also like to thank my committee members. Drs. Nelson Baker, Randall Guensler, Donna Llewellyn, James Mulholland, Caroline Noyes, and Kari Watkins have provided valuable input that has greatly improved this research project.
    [Show full text]
  • A Practitioners Perspective on Eco-Design Techniques
    Adopting and Applying Eco-Design Techniques: A Practitioners Perspective Paul Knight a*, James O. Jenkins b, a Research and Development Department, Smiths Detection - Watford Ltd., Park Avenue, Bushey, Watford, Hertfordshire, WD23 2BW. b School of Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB. Abstract This paper discusses the findings of a small scale research project which explored the possibility of adopting eco-design techniques. The paper focuses on identifying how eco-design techniques can be determined as being compatible with new product development processes. Via the development of a five stage „applicability framework‟, this study demonstrates how a compatible suite of tools can be identified for application to product development processes. Testing and validation of this „applicability framework‟, which was used to identify three key eco-design techniques; namely checklists, guidelines, and a material, energy and toxicity (MET) matrix, is shown to have taken place in relation to the development of a lightweight chemical detector product. It is established that checklists, guidelines and the MET matrix can be used both on a specific product, and also more generally in the design process. In particular, the MET matrix is shown as being used to successfully identify key environmental aspects of the product during its lifetime. The paper concludes by arguing that eco-design techniques may not have been more widely adopted by businesses because such methods are not necessarily generic and immediately applicable, but instead require some form of process-specific customisation prior to use, which can in turn act as a barrier to adoption . It is also highlighted that the shear diversity of pressures that come to bear during the product development process can also act as a barrier to adoption, and that the full integration of eco-design techniques will have to encompass approaches which overcome such pressures.
    [Show full text]
  • Basic Concepts on Ecodesign Unit 13 Final Course Review
    The present work, produced by the ECOSIGN Consortium, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Basic Concepts on Ecodesign Unit 13 Final Course Review Carmen Fernández Fernández. [email protected] 13.1 Unit 1 INTRODUCTION TO ECODESIGN ........................................... 2 13.1.1 General Concepts on Ecodesign ................................................ 2 13.1.2 Benefits of Ecodesign ................................................................. 2 13.1.3 Ecodesign Barriers ..................................................................... 3 13.2 Unit 2 TRADITIONAL DESIGN VERSUS ECODESIGN ......................... 3 13.3 Unit 3 EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF ENVIRONMENT AND ECODESIGN .............................................................................. 4 13.3.1 European Environmental Policy ...................................................... 4 13.3.2 Legal Framework of Ecodesign ....................................................... 6 13.4 Unit 4 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND COSTS ................................... 7 13.5 Unit 5 PRINCIPLES/STRATEGIES OF ECODESIGN ........................... 11 13.6 Unit 6 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF AN ORGANISATION .......... 13 13.7 Unit 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF ECODESIGN .................................... 14 13.8 Unit 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ....................... 16 13.9 Unit 9 ECOSIGN IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .......... 19 13.10 Unit 10 INTRODUCTION TO ECOLABELLING. COMMUNICATION . 22 13.10.1 Types
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Articleoriginal Research Article Open Access
    Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 09, Issue, 04, pp.26847-26856, April, 2019 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLEORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TOWARD INCREASE USE OF RECYCLED ALUMINUM: CASE OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHT SHELF *Andréa Franco Pereira Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: This study concerns the design of a light shelf applying concepts of Design for Sustainability and Received 17th January, 2019 Life Cycle Thinking by using Life Cycle Assessment method as a tool to decision-making for the Received in revised form material choice. Light shelves are building devices installed in window with the goal to provide 21st February, 2019 greater use of natural light. This study intends to consider the urgent need to promote the use of Accepted 09th March, 2019 recycled aluminum in order to improve the use of scrap in applications that add value to this as an th Published online 29 April, 2019 important raw material. The study has been conducted in the product design and search to understand the impacts caused in parts, using primary aluminum and recycled aluminum, with a Key Words: view to adopting the best alternative for the product environmental quality. As result, the design Ecodesign, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), has proposed solutions for a product with a potential to disseminate the importance of the Recycled aluminum, recycling, seeking an opportunity to valorize recycled scrap and the use of mono-material. Three Environmental impact, Light shelf. scenarios have been analyzed. As conclusion, it is confirmed that the use of part from recycled raw material generates less impact in Global Warming Potential category, about 17% of emission reduction of CO2-eq.
    [Show full text]
  • IRAP Dfe Guide Introduction
    IRAP DfE Guide Introduction dfe overview dfe benefits DfE Guide Overview int/ext drivers Design for Environment (DfE) is the systematic integration of environmental product cycle considerations into product and process design. Because it offers new sustainable dev. perspectives with a product and business focus, DfE can be a powerful tool to make your company more competitive and more innovative, as well as more environmentally responsible. dfe strategies getting started But to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME), DfE often appears to be too time-consuming and too expensive to implement. The aim of this Guide download is to make it easier for an SME to get started with some practical DfE acknowl. applications. As an SME, you will have a solid framework to build an internal team to implement DfE and make the best use of external advisors. DfE provides an organized structure into which companies can integrate most features of sustainable development, e.g., eco-efficiency, pollution prevention and clean production. This Guide takes advantage of the inclusive nature of DfE to provide you with wide variety of useful references and resource information that is linked to the main text. This system of linkages allows you to: ● Retrieve useful information easily. ● Access information in the way you prefer, e.g., by industry sector or by DfE strategy. Currently, there are only a few hundred references in the Guide. You can have a role in making the Guide more useful site by identifying others that could be included. Please feel free to e-mail us at ### with your suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Product Information Flow
    IIIEE Reports 2001:15 Environmental Product Information Flow Communication of environmental data to facilitate product improvements in the ICT sector Chris van Rossem Supervisors Dr. Mårten Karlsson Dr. Thomas Lindhqvist Thesis for the fulfilment of the Master of Science in Environmental Management and Policy Lund, Sweden, September 2001 The International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics Internationella miljöinstitutet © You may use the contents of the IIIEE publications for informational purposes only. You may not copy, lend, hire, transmit or redistribute these materials for commercial purposes or for compensation of any kind without written permission from IIIEE. When using IIIEE material you must include the following copyright notice: ‘Copyright © IIIEE, Lund University. All rights reserved’ in any copy that you make in a clearly visible position. You may not modify the materials without the permission of IIIEE. Published in 2001 by IIIEE, Lund University, P.O. Box 196, S-221 00 LUND, Sweden, Tel: +46 – 46 222 02 00, Fax: +46 – 46 222 02 10, e-mail: [email protected]. Printed by KFS AB, Lund. ISSN 1650-1675 Acknowledgements I would like to especially thank Karin Thorán at the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate, KemI, for providing both financial and academic support during the course of this research. The tremendous leeway you allowed in terms of setting the research scope has been greatly appreciated. Thanks also to Ulf Rick and Göran Gabrielsson for their valuable assistance in this process. Appreciation is extended to all the organisations and companies that answered my questions and provided me with so much valuable information and direction. I’d especially like to thank everyone at Ericsson, especially Camilla von Wachenfeldt and Nicole Damen.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Free
    Use of ecodesign tools and expectations for Product Environmental Footprint Case study of Nordic textile and IT companies Use of ecodesign tools and expectations for Product Environmental Footprint Case study of Nordic textile and IT companies Hanna Salo, Johanna Suikkanen and Ari Nissinen TemaNord 2019:542 Use of ecodesign tools and expectations for Product Environmental Footprint Case study of Nordic textile and IT companies Hanna Salo, Johanna Suikkanen and Ari Nissinen ISBN 978-92-893-6254-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-6255-9 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-542 TemaNord 2019:542 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2019 This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not produced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot be held responsible for the translation or any errors in it. Adaptations: If you adapt this work, please include the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • Design for Environment As a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain
    Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain Maurizio Bevilacqua • Filippo Emanuele Ciarapica Giancarlo Giacchetta Design for Environment as a Tool for the Development of a Sustainable Supply Chain 123 Prof. Maurizio Bevilacqua Prof. Giancarlo Giacchetta Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche e Scienze Matematiche Università Politecnica delle Marche Università Politecnica delle Marche Via Brecce Bianche Via Brecce Bianche Ancona Ancona Italy Italy e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Filippo Emanuele Ciarapica Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie Libera Università di Bolzano Piazza Università 5 Bolzano Itlay e-mail: fi[email protected] ISBN 978-1-4471-2460-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4471-2461-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-2461-0 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943354 Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012 Dell is a registered trademark of Dell Inc in the United States and other countries 1999- 2011 Hiatchi Group Ó Hitachi, Ltd. 1994, 2011. All rights reserved Reference to the MET matrix is covered by the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency.
    [Show full text]
  • D6.2 Guideline
    ECODESIGN GUIDELINE TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 Introduction 5 Ecodesign procedure step by step 15 1.1. What does ecodesign stand for? 5 2.1. Step 1 – Ecodesign project preparation 17 2.1.1. Creation of the working team 17 1.2. What opportunities can ecodesign bring to companies? 7 2.1.2. Definition of goals and motivations 19 1.3. Ecodesign and life cycle approach 9 2.1.3. Selection of the target product 21 1.4. How can ecodesign contribute to URBANREC? 13 2.2. Step 2 – Identification of product specifications 23 2.2.1. Product analysis 24 2.2.2. Environmental assessment tools 25 2.3. Step 3 – Definition of ecodesign strategies 28 2.3.1. Analysis of the ecodesign strategies 28 2.3.2. Selection of actions for environmental improvement 32 2.4. Step 4 – Action plan 35 2.4.1. New concept development 35 2.4.2. Definition of the ecodesign action plan 36 2.4.3. Internal evaluation of Ecodesign process (optional) 37 2 | URBANREC Bulky waste management 03 Ecodesign strategies for 3.2. Furniture 48 bulky products targeted in Urbanrec 38 3.2.1. Selection of low impact materials 48 3.2.2. Reduction of materials usage 48 3.1. Common strategies for all bulky products 39 3.2.3. Optimization of the distribution system 49 3.1.1. New concept development 39 3.2.4. Reduction of impact during use 50 3.1.2. Selection of low impact materials 40 3.2.5. Optimization of initial lifetime 50 3.1.3. Reduction of materials usage 44 3.2.6.
    [Show full text]