IAEA-TECDOC-715
International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste
Scientific actitivies 1992in
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY /A IAEe Th A doe t normallsno y maintain stock f reportso thin si s series. However, microfiche copies of these reports can be obtained from
INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100, for e fore chequa th f m th IAEf m o n i o n i r eAo microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y dhma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. INTERNATIONAL CENTR THEORETICAR EFO L PHYSICS, TRIESTE: SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIE 199N SI 2 IAEA, VIENNA, 1993 IAEA-TECDOC-715 ISSN 1011-4289 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i db a August 1993 CONTENTS
Par I t Programme overview 1992...... 1 . Scientific activitie n 1992...... i s 9 . Statistical digest: Summary of participation (Calendar 1992)...... 11 Summar f participatioo y n 199 . 1992vs 1 ...... 3 1 . Participation by geographical areas...... 13 Number of scientists and person/months by activities...... 14 Summary of all activities...... 15 Participation by activities...... 16 e scientifiTh Par I I ct programme
Fundamental physics: Researc hign i h h energy physics, fundamental theory and astrophysics...... 1 2 . Diploma Course in high energy physics 1991-92...... 22 Diploma Course in high energy physics 1992-93...... 23 Spring Schoo strinn o l g theor quantud an y m gravitd an y Workshop on string theory...... 24 Trieste Worksho elementar w searce th ne r n pho fo y particles: statu prospects...... d an s 5 2 . Summer School on high energy physics and cosmology...... 25 Second Trieste Conference on recent developments in the phenomenology of particle physics...... 27
Condensed matter physics: Researc condensen hi d matter physics...... 9 2 . Diploma Cours condensen ei d matter physics 1991-92...... 0 3 . Diploma Cours condensen ei d matter physics 1992-93...... 0 3 . Topical Workshop on coherent atom-radiation interactions...... 31 Spring Colleg Condensen ei d Matte "Superconductivityn o r "
includin Experimentae gth l Worksho hign po c superconductivit hT y (advanced activities)...... 32 Seventh Trieste Semiconductor Symposium on: "Wide-band gap semiconductors"...... 34 Miniworkshop on strongly correlated electron systems IV...... 36 Research Worksho condensen pi d matter, atomid an c molecular physics...... 37 Miniworkshop on non-linearity: dynamics and surfaces in nonlinear physics...... 9 3 . Miniworksho methodn po f electronio s c structure calculations...... 0 4 . Summer Course on low-dimensional quantum field theory for condensed matter physicists...... 1 4 . Conferenc chemican eo l evolutio origie th f life...... d no nan 2 4 .
Mathematics: Researc mathematicn hi s ...... 4 4 . Diploma Course in mathematics...... 45 School on dynamical systems...... 46 Worksho dynamican po l systems...... 6 4 . Advanced Worksho n arithmetipo c algebraic geometry...... 8 4 . Worksho commutativn po e algebra...... 9 4 . Physics and energy: Research in plasma physics ...... 51 Worksho computation po analysid nan f nucleaso r data relevan o nucleat t r energ d safety...... an y 1 5 . Worksho Conferencd pan "Globan eo l chang environmentad ean l consideration r energfo s y system development"...... 2 5 .
Physics environment:and Structure and non-linear dynamics of the earth...... 54 ICS/ICTP/WMO International Workshop on Mediterranean cyclone studies...... 9 5 . Workshop on tropical climate variability and regional impacts...... 60 School on physical methods for the study of the upper and lower atmosphere system...... 61 Second Autumn Workshop on mathematical ecology...... 62 Workshop on three-dimensional modelling of seismic waves generation, propagatio d theian nr inversion...... 4 6 .
Physics livingthe of state: College on Neurophysics: "Object recognition by man and machine: Methods and tests of cognitive neuropsychology and neural computations"...... 5 6 . College on medical physics: imaging and radiation protection...... 66 Fourth International Conference applicationn o f physico s s in medicine and biology: advanced detectors for medical imaging...... 67 College on methods and experimental techniques in biophysics...... 69
Applied physics: LAMP seminars...... 70 Third Training Colleg physicn eo technologn sa f lasero y s and optical fibres...... 70 Computer Network Project...... 2 7 . Second Colleg n microprocessor-baseeo d reai-time contro— l Principle d applicationan s n physics...... i s 3 7 .
Adriatico Research Conferences: Polarization dynamic n nucleai s d particlan r e physics...... 4 7 . Clusters and fullerenes...... 75 Wrinkling of surfaces in nonlinear systems...... 76 Synergetic condensen i s d matter...... 7 7 . Hydrogen atoms in intense electromagnetic fields...... 78
Other research...... 80 Other meetings: The essential role of science in technological progress economicad an l development...... 1 8 . Atmospheric Physic Radiopropagatiod an s n Laboratory...... 2 8 . High Temperature Superconductivity Laboratory...... 3 8 . Laborator r Laserfo y d Opticaan s l Fibres...... 5 8 . Microprocessor Laboratory...... 7 8 . Long-term scientific visitors...... 9 8 . Network of Associate Members and Federated Institutes: Regular Associates...... 90 Senior Associates...... 2 9 . Junior Associates...... 3 9 . Federation Agreements...... 95 Training and research at Italian iaboratories...... 96 External Activities...... 7 9 . Science, High Technolog Developmend yan t Programme...... 8 9 . Co-sponsored activities...... 9 9 . Hosted activities...... 0 10 . Awards: Dirac Medals of the ICTP...... 101 V.F. Weisskopf Prize...... 1 10 .
Part III Publications issued in 1992...... 103 Proceedings...... 103 Preprint d internaan s l reports...... 4 10 . Preprints and internal reports in: Fundamental physics...... 5 10 . Condensed matter physics...... 115 Mathematics...... 3 12 . Physics and energy...... 129 Physiclivine th f go s state...... 2 13 . Physics and environment...... 133 Applied physics...... 3 13 . Laser, atomi d moleculaan c r physics...... 4 13 . LAMP Series Reports ...... 4 13 . PART I
THE INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS
PROGRAMME OVERVIEW 1 992
The International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is a multidisciplmary institution for researc d traininan h r researc fo s gfounde wa t I e currenhn 196i d th y 4b t Director, Professor Abdus Salam, Nobel Laureat r Physicfo e n 197i s s operatei 9e t InternationaI th y db l Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna UNESCd an ) O (Pans) Eighty-five percen annuas it f o t l budget comes from the Italian Government, while IAEA and UNESCO contribute the remaining
ICTP was created in view of reaching several objectives
- to help foster the growth of advanced studies and research in physical and mathematical sciences especially in developing countries, - to provide an international forum for scientific contacts between scientists from all countries, - to provide research facilities for its visitors, associates and fellows, mainly from developing countries
e programmeTh f ICTo s P encompas larga s e spectru f scientifimo c disciplines fro e mosmth t sophisticated subject se ultimat th suc s a h e structur f elementaro e y particles o mort , e practical domains like remote sensin r telematicgo e ICTTh Ps scientific disciplinee ar s
Fundamental Physics including Astro-Particle Physics Physics of Condensed Matter Mathematics Physic Energd an s y Physic e Environmenth f o s t Physics of the Living State Applied Physics Physics of the Space Physics and Mathematics Teaching
e activitieTh f ICTo s P include several components a) Research activities b) High-level training courses c) Training at Italian Laboratories ) Externad l activities e) Book and Scientific Equipment Donation Programme f) Training laboratories
Researc s i conducteh d throughou e yea th Fundamentatm r l Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Mathematics and Plasma Physics, and from 1 September 1992, also in Atmospheric Physics and Radiopropagation There is a research group for each of these branches which operate very similar to a department of theoretical physics in a university, with a small number of long-term scientists visiting professors, post doctoral fellow d associatean s s Durine th g year, there are from 30 to 40 researchers m each group The research output is of the order of 450 preprints each year
A large number of training colleges, workshops and schools are held every year The majorite participantth f o y e e scientistalreadar ar s o ywh s workin t a university-leveg l institutions, and who come to ICTP for the exposure to new areas of work or to update their knowledge in a particular field of interest Normally one of the directors of each course is from a developing country e courseTh . s consis f lectureso t , discussion group d practicaan s l exercises using permanent laboratory equipment and temporary laboratories set up for a specific course.
e ICTTh P computer facilities includ mainframea e compute wels a personas r a l l computerr sfo trainine th g course s neededa s . Instrumentation equipmen loan o t n from other institution alss i s o made available to participants in the ICTP laboratories.
The ICTP has established four laboratories for training and research. They are: a) The Microprocessor Laboratory b) The Superconductivity Laboratory c) The Lasers and Optical Fibres Laboratory d) Atmospheric Physic Radiopropagatiod an s n Laboratory.
In addition to these activities, the ICTP has recently developed an advanced training programme leading to a Diploma after one year of study in High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physic d Mathematicsan s .
Throughout 1992 e ICT,th P organized approximatel activities0 5 y . These came from research activities, conferences, workshops and topical meetings on advanced subjects. From a scientific point of view, the ICTP 1992 programme could be considered successful due to the excellent e coursworth f o ke directors e enthusiasth r e e coursparticipantfo , th th r f mo fo e d subjectan s s themselves l experimentAl . s were carrie t successfullydou d mosan , t participant continuine ar s g in their home laboratories the research started at ICTP.
The 1992 Adriatico Research Conferences were held with the aim of bringing together leading experts in different fields and to allow them to present their approaches and concepts for the interaction with other participants. An essential aspect of these conferences is to present the up-to-dat y accessiblewa statua fiele th n i d f non-specialistso et o s : this usual patter s beenha n followed Conferencese durinth l gal .
8 INTERNATIONAL CENTR THEORETICAR EFO L PHYSICS Trieste, Italy
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIE N 199I S 2
FIELDS OF RESEARCH, TRAINING AND HIGHLIGHT OF ACTIVITIES The main field f o researcs d training-for-researcan h e Centrth t n a i 199he 2 were: Fundamental Physics (High Energ d Particlan y e Physics); Condensed Matter Physics (Condensed Matter Physics and Related, Atomic and Molecular Physics); Mathematics (Systems Analysis, Mathematical Ecology, Algebra); Physic d Energan s y (Nuclear Physics, Non-conventional Energy); Physics and Environment (Geophysics, Climatology and Meteorology, Physics of the Atmosphere); Physics of the Living State (Neurophysics, Medical Physics, Biophysics); Applied Physics and High Technology (Microprocessors, Communications, Lasers). The second Diploma Course in High Energy and Condensed Matter Physics and the first one in Mathematics were held from 1 October to 31 December 1992 with the participation of 30 students. From Januar o Decembet y r 1992, 3585 scientists too ke activitie th e parCentr th n i tf o se and in the Programme for Training at Italian Laboratories, for a total of 4190.31 person/months. Of these, 52.58% were from developing countries, accounting for 74.86% of e totath l person/months. Associate Members from developing countries numbered 441 therd ,an e wer6 Federate37 e d Institutes in developing countries.
FUNDING e financiaTh l agreement wite Italiath h n Governmen s beeha t n 1 Decemberenewe3 o t p u d r 1994 by the Italian Parliament. During 1992, the Centre received the balance of the 1991 Italian contribution. The implementation of the 1992 Scientific Programme was made possible through e financiath l contribution fro e Italiamth n Governmen $ 18,691,589US f o t . The contributions of the IAEA and UNESCO amounted to US$ 1,218,000 and US$ 339,700 respectively. The Centre also acknowledges, with gratitude, contributions from: Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing Countries-SAREC (Sweden, US$ 568,599); International Union for Pure and Applied Physics-IUPAP (Sweden, US$ 9,907.54); UNIDO (regular, US$250,000); Japan (US$39,120); World Meteorological Organization (US$10,418); Brazil (US$16,000); France (Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales, US$5,556); Italian National Institut r Nucleafo e r Physics-INFN (US$39,378); Italy (Sistema informativ a Ricercl r pe oa Spaziale/Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, US$140,288); Italy (Consiglio Nazionale deile Ricerche, US$200,803); Denmark (Nordisk Institu r Teoretisfo t k Atomfysik, NORDITA, US$14,381); Norway (Fridtjof Nansen Institute, US$15,337); UK (Royal Society, US$33,972); Spain (Comisiôn Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologîa, US$ 15,000); United Nations University (US$9,981); Qatar (Universit f Qataro y , US$15,000); Kuwait (Kuwait Foundatioe th r fo n Advancement of Science, US$26,716); Italy (Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati, SISSA, US$18,482 d Italan )y (Universit f Triesteo y , US$12,761).
ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCES In 1992 e serieth , f Adriatico s o Research Conferences included short meeting: on s Polarization Dynamics, Clusters and Fullerenes, Wrinkling of Surfaces, Synergetics in Condensed Matter d Hydrogean , n Atoms. Eighty-two scientists from developing countriesa tota f f o o l t ou , 312, took parte ConferenceTh . s wer ef bringin o hel m dai g wite togetheth h r leading expertn i s differen to allo t field d w an sthe o presenmt t their approaches d concept e interactioan th r fo s n with other participants n essentiaA . l aspec f theso t e conference o present s i se up-to-dat th t e status of the field in a way accessible to non-specialists: this usual pattern has been followed during all the Conferences.
TRAINING AT ITALIAN LABORATORIES One hundred and seven scientists from developing countries carried out research at Italian academic and industrial laboratories under a programme which started in 1982 with the financial support of the Italian Direzione Generale per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo (Italian Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Rome, Italy). EXTERNAL ACTIVITES In the fields of Physics and Pure and Applied Mathematics, the Centre sponsored 63 activities, courses, workshop d symposian s4 countries2 n i a . Fifteen Affiliated Centres were establishe countrie5 1 4 Networkn di d an s s were created involvin countries5 2 g , plu Visitin5 s g Scholars. These programmes were financed by the Direzione Generate per la Cooperazione allo Svilupp e Italiath f no Ministr f Foreigo y n Affairs, Rome, Italy.
MEETINGS HOSTED BY THE CENTRE The Centre hosted 14 meetings. The organizing institutions were the International Centre for Genetic Engineerin d Biotechnologyan g ; UNESCO; Third World Academ f Scienceso y ; Italian National Institute for Nuclear Phyics; International Institute for Pure and Applied Chemistry; International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies; International Ocean Institute; Politecnic f Milano o ; Sincrotrone Trieste.
OTHER MEETINGS A three-day Round Tabl n "Theo e Essential Rol f Scienco e n Technologicai e l Progresd an s Economic Development" was held in March in the Adriatico Guest House conference room. Professor Abdus Salam and Dr. Luis Emmerij, Director of the OECD Development Centre in Paris, chaired a panel of scientists, economists and professionals from Third World countries. The aim Conferencofthe betweenarroto gap wewas the n Scienc Economiceand finto strategda and s y to be adopted in the future. The "25th Anniversary Symposium on Frontiers in Condensed Matter Physics" was held on 10-1 1e Mai th Jul nt a yLectur ee Centre th Hal o Nobef o lTw . l Laureates, Prof. J.R. Schrieffer (Chairman of the 1CTP Scientific Council) and Prof. K.A. Müller, and Prof. J. M. Ziman were the main speaker Symposiume th f so . Prof. S. Lundqvist, former Chairman of the ICTP Scientific Council and Chairman of the Condensend Matter Physics Programme, described how the Condensed Matter Physics Programme came inte mainstrea oth s succes it e patd th an hf s m o e 5 year durinth 2 f e o sth g ICTP.
BOOKS AND EQUIPMENT DONATION PROGRAMME In 1992, the Centre was able to distribute 17,300 journals, 16,050 proceedings, 1,600 books and 1,650 miscellaneous publications to some 1,500 institutions in 100 developing countries. Besides the donations directly distributed by the Centre, a large number of donations of complete set f baco s k issue f journalso s were shipped directle donorth y institutiono b yt s n i s developing countries.
AWARDS e 199Th 2 Dirac Medale Internationath f o s l Centr r Theoreticafo e l Physics were awardeo t d Professor Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolubov (posthumously) formerly of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia, and to Professor Yakov G. Sinai from Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russia. Professor Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolubov was awarded in recognitio s manhi f yo n fundamental contribution n Physici s d Mathematicsan s n StatisticaI . l Physics s treatmenhi , f Bose-Einsteio t n condensatio a semina a non-ideas n i wa n ls worga l k which laid the basis for a microscopic theory of superfluidity in Helium II. Professor Yako . SinaG v i receive e 199th d 2 Dirac s outstandinMedahi r fo l g contributioo t n Theoretical Physic d Mathematican s s throug e developmenth h f Ergodio t c s it Theor d an y applications to Dynamical Systems, in particular Billiards, Phase Transitions, Quantum Chaos and Hydrodynamics. Also cited is his work on the Spectral Analysis of Schrodinger Operators and Applications of Renormalization Group Theory. e 199Th 2 ICTP Prize honoun i , f V.Fo r . Weisskopf awardes . Elciwa , Dr oo d t Abdalla, froe mth Universidade de Säo Paulo, Brazil, in recognition of his contributions in the field of High Energy Physics.
PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS n 1992I preprint3 ,43 d internaan s l reports were issued.
OFFICIAL IAEA PUBLICATIONS Series and No. Title IAEA-TECDOC-676 International Centr r Theoreticafo e l Physics: Scientific Activitie n 1991i s .
10 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Diploma Cours (TOT=2E eH 0 DEV=11) Diploma Course CM (TOT=27 DEV=15) 7x10 Adnatico Research Conference on polarization dynamics in nuclear and particle physics (TOT=69 DEV=10) 27xxxxxxxxx21 Third Training Colleg physicn eo technologd san laserf yo optica d san l fibres (TOT=107 DEV=70) 10xxxxxxxxxxx13 Workshop on computation and analysis of nuclear data relevant to nuclear energy and safety (TOT=64 DEV=39) 24xxxxx6 Topical Worksho coherenn po t atom rddiation interactions (TOT=72 DEV=44) 2xxxxxxxx27 College on neurophysics — Object recognition by man and machine (TOT=67 DEV=39) 30xxx10 Spring School on string theory and quantum gravity and Workshop on string theory (TOT=111 DEV=28) 3" 30xxxxx16 Computer Network Project (TOT=86 DEV=58) (D 21xxxxxxx8 Workshop and Conference on "Global change and environmental considerations " (TOT=72 DEV=41 ) 22x24 The essential role of science in technological progress and economic development (TOT=51 DEV=18) 27xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx19 Spring Colleg Expenmentad ean l Worksho superconductivitn po y (TOT=132 DEV=85) W Intermediate term earthquake prediction (TOT=7 DEV=3) 7xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx31 18x22 ICS/ICTP/WMO International Worksho Mediterranean po n cyclones studies (TOT=40 DEV=25) o W 20x22 Trieste Worksho elementar searcw e th ne n r pho fo y particles (TOT=41 DEV=11) =rc V) 25xxx5 Schoo dynamican o l l systems (TOT=93 DEV=54) g *A» *t 3 8x12 Seventh Trieste Semiconductor Symposium (TOT=142 DEV=9) -* 3 jn 3 8xx19 Workshop on dynamical systems (TOT=105 DEV=63) 3-0." 15xxxxxxxx10 Mmiworksho strongln po y correlated electron systems (TOT=67 DEV=25) (D •< 05 Summer Schoo hign lo h energy physics (TOT=241 DEV=145) 15xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx31 Research Worksho physicM C pn i s (TOT=301 DEV=208) 22xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx11 0 Adnatico Research Conferenc clustern eo fullerened san s (TOT=101 DEV=22) 23x26 Mmiworksho non-linearitn po y (TOT=48 DEV=18) 13xx24 Adnatico Research Conferenc wrinklinn eo surfacef go 4 sx2 (TOT=61 2 6 DEV=26) g Adnatico Research Conferenc synergeticn eo condensesn i d matte7 r (TOT=24x 6 DEV=7) _i O O o Mmiworksho methodn po f electroniso c structure calculations (TOT=69 DEV=41) 10xxx21 ' -5
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX31 Researc Fundamentahn i l physic astrophysicd san s (TOT=199 DEV=109) Training and research in Italian laboratories (TOT=1 1 1 DEV=107) Research in Condensed matter physics (TOT=159 DEV=127) Researc Mathematichn i s (TOT=126 DEV=98) Atmospheric physics and radiopropagation laboratory (TOT=13 DEV=12) Researc Plasmhn i a physics (TOT=18 DEV=12) High temperature superconductivity laboratory (TOT=17 DEV=12) Other research (TOT=87 DEV=70) Laboratory for lasers and optical fibres (TOT=35 DEV=1 1) Microprocessor laboratory (TOT=13 DEV=8) Science, high technology and development (TOT=10 DEV=2)
1XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX31
Developing Advanced Total
course3 4 s 1833 1682 3515 Research 461 216 677 1 11 4 Trainin 7 0 t Italia ga 1 n Labs 6 1 4 1 Co-sponsore1 2 d activity
TOTAL 2403 1916 4319 The following tables deal with all activities combined, therefore they show the actual number of visitors, i.e those scientists who participated in more than one activity are counted only once.
Table 1 . 199199vs 2 1
Visitors Person/Months Total Percentage (Dev. vs. total) Dev. Adv Dev____Adv Visitors P/M Visitors P/M
1992 1885 1700 3136 82 1053 49 3585 4191 3 0 52.58 74 86
1991 2066 1918 3162.77 105911 3984 4221 88 51.86 74.91
1992 vs 1991 Increase/ Decrease -9.60%-1 % -083282 %% 13 -0.75 -0531 -1 %%
The above figures for 1992 include Outside activities
6 2 0 9 0 4 68 4 7 10 1 1 1 684 35 96 40 99 96
Co-sponsored activities
0 7 1 6 2 0 4 1 2 7 2 3 1 0 5 1 62 1 6 9 1
The above figure r 199fo s 1 include Outside activities
121 44 1 0 1 4 72 127 725 51 97 64 99 81
Co-sponsored activities
23 112 19 64 56 25 135 75 89 17 04 82 96
Table 2 Participation by geographical area e researcth n d i training-for-researcan h h activities e ICToth f P fro m1 Januar 1 Decembe3 o t y r 1992
Geographical area Visitors Person/months Tota lr Arefo a Dev Adv Dev Adv Visitors P/Months Africa 254 1 465 76 0 23 255 466 01 Asia 799 51 1524 9 7 35 36 850 1563 30 Europe 497 1 185 647 72 603 38 1 682 1250 65 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 6 4 6 64 2 63 10 9 27 Nort d Centraan h l America 73 355 90 57 259 55 428 350 12 South America 256 — 398 64 — 256 398 64 International Organizations - 104 - 152 34 104 154 23
TOTAL 1885 1700 3136.82 1053.49 3585 4190.31
% Developing vs. Total 52.58 74.86
13 Breakdown of the number of scientists who workee ICTth Pt a dfro m1 Januar 1 Decembe3 o t y r 1992 and of person/months by scientific field
Previous tables show that the total number of scientists who came to the ICTP is 3585 while the total number of person/months is 4190.31. In the tables which follow the number of scientists wile higheb l r since severa f theo l m took par n mori t e thaactivite non y (visits). Table 3 shows a summary of the breakdown while Table 4 shows the details. Percentages refer to the total participation in the field vs. the grand total.
Table 3 Breakdow y fielb nf o activitd y
Activity Number of Visits Numbe f o Person/monthr s Dev. Adv. Total % Dev._____Adv. Tota% l
1. Fundamental Physics 357 367 724 16.76 512.,61 379 .49 892.10 21.29 2. Condensed Matter 665 539 1204 27.88 770,,35 249 .82 1020.17 24.35 3. Mathematics 360 244 604 13.98 424,,34 180 .89 605.23 14.44 4. Physic Energ& s y 92 62 154 3.57 100.,58 27 .49 128.07 3.06 5. Physic Environment20& s 3 135 338 7.83 117, ,31 50 .18 167.49 4.00 6. Living State 232 153 385 8.91 143.,13 42 .51 185.64 4.43 7. Applied Physics 213 1 10 323 7.48 258. 83 68 .16 326.99 7.80 8. Adriatico Conferences 82 230 312 7.22 24. 02 38 .80 62.82 1.50 9. Miscellaneous 90 58 148 3.43 101. 30 14..19 115.49 2.76
Total 2294 1898 419297.06 2452.47 1051.53 3504.0083.63
Outside activities 107 111 2.57 684.09 0.26 684.35 16.33
Co-sponsored activitie2 s 14 16 0.37 0.26 1.70 1.96 0.05
GRAND TOTAL 2403 1916 4319 3136.82 1053.49 4190.31
Hosted activities
. 1 Convegno Nazionale "Continente Europa: Formazion eProfessionee " 18-19 January 2. UNESCO-TWAS Business Session 23 January 3. Scuola INFN di Studi Avanzati in Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare 15-21 March 4. Theoretical Course on Research and Biotechnology Applications Probleme th o t s Relate Developmeno dt t 3 March-12 0 April . 5 European Advanced Schoo Structuran o l l Geolog Tectonicd yan s 3 March-12 1 April 6. Theoretical Course on RNA Structure and Function 8-10 April 7. Theoretical Course on Yeast Molecular Genetics 12-15 April 8. Convegno "Leibniz e la Questione délia Soggettività" y 11-1Ma 4 . 9 International Summer Schoo f Theoreticao l l Geodesy 25 May-5 June . Meetin 10 e Interith f go m Executive Committe Thire th f deo World Organizatio r Womenfo Sciencn i e (TWOWS) 25-27 September 1 1. IITM-ICS "Advanced Workshop on Whiskers and Particles" 5-9 October 12. Meeting on Perception 28-30 October 1 3. ICC-ICS Second Workshop on Catalyst Design 10-14 November . Firs14 t Annual Users Meeting-Sincrotrone Trieste 23-24 November
14 Table 4 Activitie d outsids an hel e t ICTa th de P
Figures on research include Long- and Short-Term scientists as well as Associate Members, some scientists from Federated Institute seminad an s r lecturers.
Activity Number of Visits Number of Person/months Dev. Adv. Total Dev._____Adv.___Total e ICTth Pt A . 1 (a) Research: Fundamental Physics 109 90 199 214.18 205.84 420.02 Condensed Matter 127 32 159 222.97 57.92 280.89 Mathematics 98 28 126 260.22 90.92 351.14 Plasma Physics 12 6 18 35.27 7.88 43.15 Microprocessors Lab. 8 5 13 30.26 22.78 53.04 Hig Supercc hT . Lab. 12 5 17 38.44 13.68 52.12 Laser Lab. 1 1 24 35 26.90 2.79 29.69 Atmospheric Phys.and Radioprop. Lab. 12 1 13 15.69 0.43 16.12 Science, High Tech. & Dev. 2 8 10 5.39 2.40 7.79 Other 70 17 87 93.45 8.01 101.46
Total 461 216 677 942.77 412.65 1355.42
Tota% . Granvs l d Total 19.18 11.27 15.67 30.05 39.17 32.35
(b) Training for Research (Courses, Workshops and Conferences) Total 1833 1682 3515 1509.70 638.88 2148.58
% Total vs. Grand Total 76.28 87.79 81.38 48.13 60.64 51.27
2 . Outside activities Italian 1 Laboratorie11 4 s 7 10 684.09 0.26 684.35
% Total vs. Grand Total 4.45 0.21 2.57 21.81 0.02 16.33
3. Co-sponsored activities 2 Pace mMaribun i X sX 14 16 0.26 1.70 1.96
% Total vs. Grand Total 0.08 0.73 0.37 0.01 0.16 0.05
GRAND TOTAL 2403 1916 4319 3136.82 1053.49 41 90.31
15 0) Table 5
Participatio e researcth n d i training-for-researcnan h h activities at the ICTP in 1992
Activity Dates Number of Visits Number of Person/months Dev. Adv. Total Dev. Adv. Total Fundamental Physics Research in fundamental physics and astrophysics all year 109 90 199 214.18 205.84 420.02 ICTP Diploma Cours Hign ei h Energy Physics (1991-92) 1 Jan-3p 0Se 11 9 20 68.34 47.34 115.68 ICTP Diploma Cours Hign ei h Energy Physics (1992-93) 1 Oct-31 Dec 12 7 1 9 36.33 20.04 56.37 Spring Schoo strinn o l g theor d quantuan y m gravity Workshod an strinn po g theory 30 Mar-10 Apr 28 83 11 1 13.84 27.22 41.06 Trieste Workshop on the search for new elementary particles: status and prospects 20-2y Ma 2 1 1 30 41 1.10 4.07 5.17 Summer Schoo hign o l h energy physic cosmologd san y 15 Jun-3l Ju 1 145 96 241 163.51 63.62 227.13 Second Trieste Conference on recent developments in the phenomenology of particle physics t 19-2Oc 3 41 52 93 15.31 11.36 26.67
TOTAL 357 367 724 512.61 379.49 892.10 % vs. Grand Total 16.76 21.29
Condensed Matter, Atomic and Molecular Physics Researc condensen hi d matter physics l yeaal r 127 32 159 222.97 57.92 280.89 ICTP Diploma Course in condensed matter physics (1991-92) 1 Jan-3p 0Se 15 12 27 86.90 5.09 91.99 ICTP Diploma Cours condensen ei d matter physics (1992-93) 1 Oct-3c 1De 14 2 16 41.21 4.28 45.49 Topical worksho coherenn po t atom-radiation interactions 24 Feb-r 6Ma 44 28 72 19.12 6.21 25.33 Spring Colleg Condensen ei d Matte "Superconductivityn o r "
including the Experimental Workshop on high Tc superconductivity (advanced activities) 27 Apr-1n Ju 9 85 47 132 128.88 31.60 160.48 Seventh Trieste Semiconductor Symposium on: "Wide-band gap semiconductors" n 8-1Ju 2 9 133 142 4.21 26.53 30.74 Miniworkshop on strongly correlated electron systems IV 15 Jun-1l Ju 0 25 42 67 12.27 17.08 29.35 Research Workshop in condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics and 25th Anniversary Symposium on frontiers in condensed matter physics (10-11 Jul) 22 Jun-11 Sep 208 93 301 199.40 53.50 252.90 contd.
Activity Dates Number of Visits Number of Person/months Dev. Adv. Total Dev. Adv. Total Miniworkshop on non-linearity: dynamics and surfaces nonlinean i r physics 13-24 Jul 18 30 48 7.54 8.65 16.19 Miniworksho n methodpo f electronio s c structure calculations 10-21 Aug 41 28 69 20.85 9.39 30.24 Summer Cours low-dimensionan eo l quantum field theory for condensed matter physicists Aug-4 2 p 4Se 45 60 105 20.04 23.42 43.46 Conference on chemical evolution and the origin of life 26-30 Oct 34 32 66 6.96 6.15 13.11
TOTAL 665 539 1 204 770.35 249.82 1020.17 . Granvs % d Total 27.88 24.35
Mathematics Researc mathematicn hi s all year 98 28 126 260.22 90.92 351.14 ICTP Diploma Cours mathematicn ei s (1992-93) 1 Oct-3c 1De 12 3 15 29.66 6.67 36.33 Schoo dynamican o l l systems 25 May-n Ju 5 54 39 93 25.70 16.81 42.51 Workshop on dynamical systems 8-19 Jun 63 42 105 31.45 16.15 47.60 Advanced Workshop on arithmetic algebraic geometry 31 Aug-11 Sep 75 63 138 44.91 26.70 71.61 Worksho commutativn po e algebra 14-2p 5Se 58 69 127 32.40 23.64 56.04
TOTAL 360 244 604 424.34 180.89 605.23 % vs. Grand Total 13.98 14.44
Physics and Energy Research in plasma physics all year 12 6 18 35.27 7.88 43.15 Worksho computation po analysid nan f nucleaso r data relevant to nuclear energy and safety 10 Feb-1r 3Ma 39 25 64 44.38 12.59 56.97 Worksho Conferencd pan "Globan eo l chang environmentad ean l consideration r energfo s y system development" 21 Apr-8 May 41 31 72 20.93 7.02 27.95
TOTAL 9 2 6 2 154 100.58 27.49 128.07 % vs. Grand Total 3.57 3.06 00 contd
Activity Dates Number of Visits Numbe f o Person/monthr s Dev Adv Total Dev Adv Total Physics and Environment Intermediate term earthquake predictio d structur nan earte th f heo 7 May-31 Dec 3 4 7 2 52 5 50 8.02 Atmospheric Physics and Radiopropagation Laboratory 1 Sep-3c 1De 12 1 13 15 69 0 43 16 12 ICS/ICTP/WMO International Workshop on Mediterranean cyclone studies y Ma 18-22 25 15 40 5 65 2 96 8 61 Workshop on tropical climate variability and regional impacts 17-21 Aug 16 20 36 5 71 4 00 9 71 School on physical methods for the study of the upper and lower atmosphere system 26 Oct-6 Nov 59 16 75 26 46 5 02 31 48 Second Autumn Workshop on mathematical ecology 2-2v 0No 56 45 101 45 42 17 83 63 25 Workshop on three-dimensional modelling of seismic waves generation, propagatio theid nan r inversion Nov-0 3 c De 11 32 34 66 15 86 14 44 30 30
TOTAL 8 33 5 2013 3 117.31 50.18 167.49 % vs Grand Total 7 83 4 00
Physice Livinth f o gs State Colleg Neurophysicn eo s "Objec t machind recognitioan n ema y nb Methods and tests of cognitive neuropsychology and neural computations" 2-27 Mar 39 28 67 34 86 9 61 44 47 College on medical physics imaging and radiation protection Aug-11 3 p 8Se 62 27 89 43 71 11 56 55 27 Fourth International Conferenc applicationn eo f physico s s in medicin biologd ean y advanced detector r medicasfo l imaging p Se 21-25 70 78 148 11 64 12 55 24 19 College on methods and experimental techniques m biophysics 28 Sep-23 Oct 61 20 81 52 92 8 79 61 71
TOTAL 232 153 385 143.13 42.51 185.64 s Granv % d Total 8 91 4 43 contd
Activity Dates Number of Visits Number of Person/months Dev. Adv Total Dev. Adv Total Applied Physics and High Technology Microprocessors Laboratory l yeaal r 08 3 13 30.26 22.78 53 04 High Temperature Superconductivity Experimental Laboratory all year 12 5 17 38 44 13.68 52 12 Laborator r laser fo yd optica an s l fibres all year 11 24 35 26.90 2.79 26 69 Third Training Colleg physicn eo technologn a s f lasero y s and optical fibres 27 Jan-2b 1Fe 70 37 107 62 96 10 81 73.77 Computer Network Project 30 Mar-1r Ap 6 58 28 86 48.52 11 23 59.75 Second College on microprocessor-based real-time control — Principles and applications in physics 5-3t 0Oc 54 1 1 65 51.75 6 87 58 62
TOTAL 213 1 08 323 258.83 68.16 2326.99 % vs Grand Total 7 48 7 80
Adriatico Research Conferences Polarization dynamics m nuclear and particle physics 7-10 Jan 10 59 69 2 51 11 46 13 97 Clusters and fullerenes 23-26 Jun 22 79 101 5 39 13 98 19 37 Wrinklin f surfacego n nonlineai s r systems 21-24 Jul 26 40 66 6.05 4 14 10.19 Synergetic condensen i s d matter 4-7 Aug 7 19 26 2.90 2 80 5.70 Hydrogen atom intensn i s e electromagnetic fields 18-2g Au 1 17 33 50 7 17 6 42 13.59
TOTAL 82 230 31 2 24.02 38.80 62.82 % vs Grand Total 7 22 1 50
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous research all year 70 17 87 93.45 8.01 101.46 Science, high technology and development all year 2 8 10 5.39 2.40 7.79 essentiae Th l rol f scienceo technologicaem l progress and economical development 22-24 Apr 18 33 51 2 46 3.78 6.24
TOTAL 90 5 8 148 101.30 14.19 115.49 s Granv % d Total 3.43 2.76 CD N) O contd.
Activity Dates Number of Visits Numbe f o Person/monthr s Dev. Adv. Total Dev. Adv. Total Outside activities Trainin Researcd gan t Italiaha n Labs. 7 10 All year 4 1 1 1 684.09 0.26 684.35
TOTAL 1 07 4 1 1 1 684.09 0.26 684.35 % vs. Grand Total 2.57 16.33
Co-sponsored activities Pace mMaribun i s XX/Prep. Workshop 2 p 10-Se 12 14 16 0.26 1.70 1.96
TOTAL 2 1 4 1 6 0.26 1 .70 1.96 . Granvs d% Total 0.37 0.05
GRAND TOTAL 2403 1916 4319 3136.84 1053.49 4190.31
Hosted Activities 1. Convegno Nazionale "Continente Europa: Formazion eProfessionee " 18-19 January 2. UNESCO-TWAS Business Session 23-January . 3 Scuola INF i StudNd i Avanzat Fisicn i i a Nuclear Subnuclearee e 15-21 March . Theoretica4 l Cours Researcn eo Biotechnologd han y Applications Probleme toth s Relate Developmeno dt t 23 March-10 April 5. European Advanced School on Structural Geology and Tectonics 23 March-11 April . Theoretica6 lStructur A CoursRN Functiod n eo ean n 8-10 April . Theoretica7 l Cours Yeasn eo t Molecular Genetics 12-15 April . Convegn8 o "Leibni Questiona l ze e délia Soggettività" 11-1y Ma 4 9. International Summer School of Theoretical Geodesy 25 May-5 June . Meetin 10 Interie th f go m Executive Committee th f eo Third World Organization for Women in Science (TWOWS) 25-27 September . IITM-IC11 S "Advanced Worksho Whiskern po Particlesd san " 5-9 October . Meetin12 Perception go n 28-30 October 13. ICC-ICS Second Workshop on Catalyst Design 10-14 November . Firs14 t Annual Users Meeting-Sincrotrone Trieste 23-24 November PARTII
THE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME
FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS
Title: RESEARCH IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Dates: Throughout the year.
Organizers: This research programm s organize e wa Directoee Centreth th y f b do r , Professor Abdus Salam, and the resident senior scientists F. Hussain, K.S. Narain, S. Randjbar- Daemi and J. Strathdee, as well as consultants E. Gava and R. lengo. The astrophysics part was supervise . AbramowicM y db . Sciama D d zan .
Purpose o contributT : advancemene th o t e f physico tn internationaa t a s l standard through individua d teaan ml research, stimulate interaction between physicists from developind an g advanced nations creatd an , e genuine research conditions that will encourage Associate Members d visitoran s from Federated Institute n theii s r work after their return home.
Seminars: Syncyclons, or is the standard model sensitive to extra dimensions? The Prokovsky-Talapov phase transition and quantum groups. The Hubbard model: its symmetries, dynamical symmetries and their breaking. Spin crisis and neutral currents. Selected topics in HERA physics. Anti-gravity: life in the shock wave. Loop calculations in chiral D=2 field theories
(Polyakov gravity and W3 gravity). Proof of exponential suppression of induced tunnelling in quantum mechanics. Solar neutrino deficit: implication o leptot s n mixing (witd withouan h 7 1 t keV neutrino). Open string as an SOS model on random surfaces. An observation on axionic string - domain wall system. Towards a classification of modular invariant partition functions for N=4 superconformai theories. Chiral anomaly in non-leptonic weak interactions. Physical, astrophysical and cosmological consequences of family symmetry breaking. New aspects of Bell's theorem. Bosonization gauge symmetry. Phenomenolog f 3-generatioo y n Calabi-Yau manifolds. Correlation functions in integrable quantum field theories. Semiclassical effects and the onset of inflation. CP violation at colliders. The large N-limit of the zero dimensional two Hermitian matrix e hiddemodeth y b nl BRST method. Toward completa s e classificatio2 N= f o n superconformai theories. Recent development of the Kazakov-Migdal model. Loop integrals with arbitrary masses q oscillatorU . d finitan se dimensional unitary representation f non-compaco s t quantum groups. Informal Seminars: Exclusive semi-leptonic decays of heavy A-like baryons. QCD dynamical chiral symmetry breakins incorporatioit d an g n into electroweak interactions2 N= . theories. Gauge vector condensate induced superconductivity and flavour violation in cosmic strings. Quantum colour transparency n 3-dimensionsi D QC . . World sheet geometr d baban yy universe quantuD 2- n i s m gravity. BRS quantun Ti m groups. Joint (ICTP High Energy Sectio d Dipartimentan n i d Fisico a Teorica) Informal Seminars: Heavy quark and Drell-Yan pair production in high energy hadron-nucleus collisions. Spontaneou paritR s y breakin d implicationsan g . Mass generatio particlew ne d t futura san n e colliders. Semiclassical limit for dynamical entropies of the ideal Fermi gas. Fourth-rank gravity. Radiative generation of fermion mass hierarchy. Supersymmetry violation in
elementary particle-monopole scattering. Ashtekar variables, self-duaA . l8 W metric d an s simultaneous analysis of Z' and new fermions effect; global constraints in Ee models. Solar neutrino weae th kd equivalencan s e principle. Chern-Simons theories, coloured oriented BRAI\DS d linan k invariants. Background field quantisatio n Yani n g Mills theory. Probing Z-Z' mixint a g future e e~ colliders. Pseudo Goldstone bosons resulting from *o versus SUSY-Higgses. + Chiral symmetry breaking and pion wave function. 1/mc corrections to K°-(K,")° mixing and K -> TUT decays. Isospin breaking correction y decayo ji-form-factorv t s e > - . n Neutrino d an s n i s twisting magnetic fields. On the problem of definition of chiral gauge theories on a lattice. On the
21 ground varieties of C=1 string theory. Light Higgs leptoquarks and hierarchy problem in SUSY guts. Special Seminar: Productio f primordiao n l magneti ce univers th fiel a classican i d — e l dynamical approach.
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 1 _ 1 1 Asia 54 4 58 Europe 31 58 89 Indonesia and Oceania - 2 2 Nort Centrad han l America 2 18 20 South America 1 1 — 1 1 International Organizations - 8 8 TOTAL 1 09 9 0 1 99
Title: DIPLOMA COURS HIGEN I H ENERGY PHYSICS 1991-92
Dates: Second term: 1 January - 30 September 1992 (Programme started on 1 October 1991).
Co-ordinator: Professo . HussaiF r n (Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistand an , 1CTP).
Purpose: To provide young, promising graduates in physics (mainly from developing countries) with an advanced level of training suitable for pursuing further research and teaching fielde worth .n i k
Topics: Cosmolog particld an y e physics. Quantum field theory. Standard model I: electroweak theory. Standard mode : quantuII l m chromodynamics. Supersymmetry and grand unified theories. Special topics.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 3 _ 3 Asia 7 - 7 Europe - 5 5 Indonesia and Oceania - 1 1 North and Central America 1 - 1 International Organizations - 4 4 TOTAL 1 1 9 2 0
22 Directors and Lecturers 9 Participants 1 1 Membe2 r1 states represented International Organizations represented 1 0 26 Applications received
Title: DIPLOMA COURS HIGEN I H ENERGY PHYSICS 1992-93
Dates: First ter Octobe1 m Decembe 1 3 - r r (Programme continues unti Septembe0 3 l r 1993)
Co-ordinator: Professo F Hussar m (ICTP)
Purpose: To provide young, promising graduates in physics (mainly from developing countries) wit n advanceha d leve f trainino l g suitabl r pursuinefo g further researc d teachinhan g work in the field
Topics: General relativity Lie algebra e groupLi d san sI Quantum electrodynamics Quarks and leptons Relativistic quantum mechanics
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 4 4 Asia 2 2 Europe 2 3 5 North and Central America 1 1 South America 3 3 International Organizations 4 4 TOTAL 1 2 7 1 9
Directors and Lecturers 7 Participants 1 2 Member states represented 1 3 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 95
23 Title: SPRING SCHOO STRINN LO G THEOR QUANTUD YAN M GRAVIT WORKSHOD YAN N PO STRING THEORY
Dates MarcApril0 0 3 1 : .h-
Organizers: Professors J.A. Harvey (University of Chicago, USA), R. lengo (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy), K.S. Narain (ICTP) . Randjbar-DaemS , i (ICTP) and H. Verlinde (Princeton University, USA), in collaboration with the International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) and the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN).
Purpose provido T : e pedagogical treatmen followine th f o t g topics.
Topics: Developments in quantum gravity and string theory. Classical solution blacd san k holes. Topological field theory.
Lectures: Spring School, 30 March - 7 April: Quantum aspects of black holes. N = 2 superconformai field theory. High energy scattering in 4-d gravity. C = 1 quantum gravity and 2-dimensional string theory. Black holes and black strings in string theory. Dynamical application f topologicao s l field theories. Recent development n closei s d string field theory. Quantum aspect f blaco s k holes. Mirror symmetry. Workshop, April:0 1 - A„-W-geometry8 . Quantum Fermi liqui t C=1da . Continuum approaco ht 2d gravity (physical states and ring structures). Physical states in minimal CFT coupled to 2d gravity. Renormalisatio f o gravity-dilaton o dimensionstw n i n . Ring structur f o BRSe T cohomolog gravitd 2 n i y y couple o minimadt l model. Scalar-tensor quantum e fat gravitth e d an y d blac2 e k oth fhole . Progres e constructioth n i s f string o nlargeD r fo sr than one. Topological strings in two dimensions. Simplicial quantum gravity in four, three and two dimensions. Quantization of the conformai factor in 4d gravity. Gravitational collisions at Planckian energies: e eikonath d beyondan l e gravitationaTh . strine l th fiel f go d classicae matterth n O . l solutiof no string field theory. Physica ld gravity modelG 2 state G/ d n an i s. Topological correlatorn i s first order systems with L G interactions. Geometry and integrability of 2d topological field theories. Piccard-Fuchs equations in special geometry. Moduli dependence of gauge and gravitational couplings from string loops 2 string N= d quantu. an s m self-dual Yang Millse th , 3 orbifolds z e mirroth f . o r
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 1 Asia 12 5 17 Europe 9 55 64 North and Central America 3 1 3 16 South America 3 3 International Organizations 10 10 TOTAL 2 8 83 1 1 1
Directors and Lecturers 23 Participants 88 Member states represented 33 International Organizations represented 3 Applications received 156
24 Title: TRIESTE WORKSHOP ON THE SEARCH FOR NEW ELEMENTARY PARTICLES: STATUS AND PROSPECTS
Dates: 20 - 22 May.
Organizers: Professors G. Herten (MIT, Cambridge, Mass., USA) and M. Perl (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, USA).
Purpose o revieT : elementar w e searcstatue wth th ne f r o shfo y particles.
Lectures p quarkto e e searc.th Th Constraint:r fo hw physic ne n so s from precision electroweak data. Massive lepton searches at LEP/SLC and LEP2000. Searches for SUSY particle t LEP/SLsa LEP2000d Can . Searche r compositenessfo t LEP/SLa s LEP2000d Can . Higgs searche t LEP/SLa s d LEP2000Can . Higgs particles: model generald an s limits. Rare decayf o s the Z°. Prediction for top and Higgs masses. Neutrinos in astrophysics and cosmology. Accelerator neutrino experiments: status and plans. Laboratory scale neutrino experiments: status and plans. Dark matter searches: status and prospects. Searches for massive stable particles from monopole o quarkst s . Searchew particle ne a Tau-Char r t fo a ss m factory. Searches for new particles at a B-factory. The LHC: programme and searches for new particles. e SSCTh : programm d searcheparticlesw an e ne r fo s . HERA e firsth : t roun f physico d d an s beyond. Electron-positron linear colliders and searches for new particles.
Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
- 3 Africa 3 Asia 8 8 8 1 - Europe 18 North and Central America - 9 9 3 International Organization - s 3 TOTAL 11 30 4 1
Directors and Lecturers 21 Participants 20 Member states represented 1 8 International Organizations represente1 d 5 4 Applications received
Title: SUMMER SCHOOL ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY
Dates July 1 Jun5 3 1 .:e-
Organizers: Professor . GavE s a (Universit f Triesteo y , Italy), K.S. Narain (ICTP). S , Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP) . SezgiE , n (Texa UniversityM A& s , College Station, . USAShafQ d i)an (Universit f Delawareo y , Newark, USA).
Purpose o providT : a stimulatine g environmen r presentinfo t g topic f curreno s t interesn i t high energy physic cosmologyd san .
25 Topics: Part: I Developments in quantum gravity and string theory Topological field theories Integrable model quantud san m groups W-algebras and W-gravity Part II Advanced topics in quantum field theory Perturbative QCD Precision tests of the electroweak model Electroweak symmetry breaking Fermion masses, mixings and CP violation Neutrino physics Supersymmetnc physics Cosmology
Lectures: Conformai field theorie d quantuan s m group e n-looTh s p string amplitude explicit formulas and treatment of the odd spin structures Liouville theory and matrix models BRST analysi f 2-gravito s d strin d 2- gravit 2- gd y an theory y Topological field theory- W . gravit d stringan y s Deformatio f conformao n i field theorie d mtegrablan s e models Topological field theories and mtegrable models 1-d string via matrix models Induced gauge theory at large N Geometr f supersymmetrio y c vacua Integrable model d quantuan s m group gravitd 2- sd an y non-critical string theory Mirror symmetries in string theory Introduction to the electroweak model Introduction to supersymmetry Introduction to functional methods, gauge theories and quantization Global symmetries, chiral Lagrangians and perturbation theory Introduction to renormalization theory and QCD Unified approach to Yang-Mills and Higgs fields Quark mass hierarchies from a universal see-saw mechanism Results from GALLEX Grand unification current status and future perspective Precision tests of the electroweak model Supersymmetric standard model, SUSY GUTS Rare decays ,P violatio C mixin d an gn Non- perturbative electroweak theory Neutrino physics Baryo d leptoan n n number violatioe th n i n electroweak model Review of lattice theories Seminar on LEP results Foundation of the standar g banbi d g model Introductio o largt n e scale structure (observations), dark matter Inflationary scenario, motivation, implications Microwave background isotropy, amsotropy calculations Introductio o topologicat n l defects, monopoles, strings, textures Large scale structure after COBE Cosmic string cosmologm s y Observable consequence f cosmio s c strings Seminars: Heavy quark physics Inflation generated gravitons Microwave background amsotropy measurements A predictive framework for fermion masses and mixings Global symmetries and wormholes Models for neutrino dark matter and the ionisation of hydrogen in the universe From atmospheric to solar neutrino oscillations Workshop n superstr/ngso d relatedan topics, 3 July2- Open string scattering BRST cohomology ring in 2d gravity coupled to minimal models Physical states m c<1 strings Ground rin t differena g 1 strint c= radi gm i theory Quantum Drinfeld-Sokolo a reductio e — vth f o n Kmzhnik-Zamolodchikov equation Black holes and solitons in string theory Black holes m cosmological Einstein-Maxwell theory Symmetries of string effective action Exact solutions of foum blacdi r k hole strinm s g theory KP-hierarch d matrian y x models Integrable models through quantum group truncation Landau-Gmzburg vacua and mirror symmetry Moduli dependence of couplings m string theory Self-duality, supersymmetry and mtegrable systems A geometrical constructio f o W-algebran e spectruTh s f o W-strinm g w theoriene A s supersymmetric index From her o criticahtt e n amplitudeO y n i non-criticas 2 stringN= l A s class of finite 2-dim sigma models and string vacua
26 Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 14 — 14 Asia 66 2 68 Europe 38 49 87 North and Central America 5 35 40 South America 22 - 22 International Organizations - 10 10 TOTAL 1 45 96 241
Directors and Lecturers 38 Participants 203 Member states represented 50 International Organizations represented 3 Applications received 460
Title: SECOND TRIESTE CONFERENC RECENN EO T DEVELOPMENT PHENOMENOLOGE TH SN I F YO PARTICLE PHYSICS
Dates: 19-23 October.
Organizers: Professor i (DESYAl . A s , Hamburg, Germany) . AltarellG , i (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland), J. Ellis (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland), F. Hussain (ICTP), N. Paver (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and University of Trieste, Italy) and R. Peccei (University of California, Los Angeles, USA).
Purpose: To discuss the most recent experimental developments in particle physics and their theoretical interpretation.
Topics: Neutrino physics. Astrophysics. LEP results and their implications. Heavy quark physics, particularl e 'effectivth y e theory r calculationsfo ' .
Lectures: Neutrino masses and mixing. Detection of pp neutrinos from the Sun in the GALLEX experiment. Neutrinos, astrophysics and cosmology. Heavy quark symmetries: recent progress. Futur f heaveo y quark physics. PCAC test neutrinn i s o interaction. 2 Finite-temperaturQ w lo t a s e effective potentials and the nature of the electroweak phase transition. Hints within the standard
model on m, and mH. Heavy meson decays in HQET. Heavy flavours at LEP. Predictions from minimal SUSY and unification. Semileptonic B decays to positive parity charmed states and the heavy quark symmetry. Chiral SU(2 )SU(2X ) liquids theora : f heavo y y nucle d neutroan i n stars. physicw Searc ne neutraM r t S LEPha sfo searc e e lth Th .Higgr hfo s bosond an : P resultLE t a s prospects for LEP 200P. QCD at LEP. Electroweak physics at LEP. Inclusive rare B-meson decays. Heavy meson decaye infinitth n i se quark mass limit. Particle physics phenomenology from lattice QCD. Precision electroweak physics withi d beyonan n e Standardth d Model. What does QCD phenomenology of hadron jets tell us about confinement? Deep inelastic scattering of polarised lepton polarisen o s experimentC d nucléonSM e th .— s Scientific activit t Graa y n Sasso
Laboratory. Experimental determination of . fRare K decays and CP violation. Radiative K Ds
27 decay n chirai s l perturbation theory. Quark mode l vacuuD witQC h m structure. Theoretical aspect f HERo s A physics formulatiow Ne . e unitarth d analytif o nan ymodeD VM f cnucléoo l n electromagnetic structure and its experimentally verifiable aspects. Experimental aspects of HERA physics. Planck scale effects on low energy particle physics.
Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
- 4 Africa 4 1 4 Asia 5 Europe 23 36 59 - 1 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 North and Central America 2 7 9 South America 7 7 International Organizations - 8 8 TOTAL 41 52 9 3
6 2 Director d Lectureran s s Participants 67 Member states represented 30 International Organizations represente3 d 2 1 1 Applications received
28 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Title: RESEARCH IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
Dates: Throughou yeare th t .
Organizers: Professor . LundqvisS s t (Chalmers Universit f Technologyo y , Göteborg, Sweden, and ICTP), Yu Lu (Academia Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China, and ICTP), E. Tosatti (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italyd ICTP)an ,. CerdeirH , a (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, and ICTP) and V. Kumar (Indira Gandhi Centr r Atomiefo c Research, Kalpakkam, India ICTP)d an , .
Purpose o carr t T :researc ou ye highes th t ha t possible leve condensen i l d matter physics and to stimulate scientific interaction between physicists from the developing world and from advanced countries.
Joint ICTP/SISSA Seminars: Soliton excitations in molecular chains with two atoms in a unit cell. Deep inelastic neutron scattering on quantum liquids. Inverse symmetry breaking in insulators due to photoelectric instability. Theory of non-adiabatic superconductivity. Electronic and optical properties of anodic oxides on titanium. Critical behaviour and topological terms in the spin-fermion model. Quantum dynamics of polarons in one dimension. Some current problems related to ion transport in glasses. The sensitivity of spin glass order to temperature and field changes. Monte-Carlo stud f phaso y e transition f surfaco d an se scattering intensitie modea n i s l of Au(110). Heat transpor y interactinb t g electrons: normal metal d superconductorsan s . Hole spectrum and optical conductivity in high Tc superconductivity. On the validity of trajectory approximation in atom-surface scattering. Application of electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy to polymer research. Symbolic dynamics and description of complexity. Non-perturbative ground state properties of mesoscopic tunnel junctions. What does an evaporating surface look like? Ab- initio molecular dynamics with ultrasoft pseudopotentials. Polaronic aspect n i higsc T h superconductors. Geometrical phases in dissipative systems. Boltzmann's entropy as a measure of uniformit r sequencefo y f pointso s . Relevant operator d non-zeran s o temperature squeezed states: a maximum entropy principle approach. Phase separation in the large-spin t-J model.
Electric field effects on finite length superlattices. Intergranular fluxons in HTC.
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 29 _ 29 Asia 64 - 64 Europe 18 21 39 North and Central America 2 9 1 1 South America 14 - 14 International Organizations - 2 2 TOTAL 1 27 3 2 1 59
29 Title: DIPLOMA COURS CONDENSEEN I D MATTER PHYSICS 1991-92
Dates: Second Term Januar1 : Septembe0 3 - y r 1992 (Programme starte Octobe1 n o d r 1991).
Co-ordinator: Professor V. Kumar (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India, and ICTP).
Purpose o providT : e young, promising graduate n physici s s (mainly from developing countries) with an advanced level of training suitable for pursuing further research and teaching fielde worth .n i k
Topics: Density functional theory. Disordered systems. Electron gas. Fractals. Liquids. Magnetism. Molecular dynamics. Nonlinear dynamical systems. Quasi 1-dimensional systems. Renormalization group theory. Superconductivity. Surface d interfacesan s . Transpor n semiconductorsi t .
Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 2 2 Asia 9 9 2 Europe 11 13 NortCentrad han - l America 1 1 South America 2 _ 2 5 1 TOTAL 12 27
Director d Lectureran s s 16 Participants 1 1 Member states represented 19 Applications received 383
Title: DIPLOMA COURSE IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS 1992-93
Dates: First Term: 1 October - 31 December (Programme continues until 30 September 1993).
Co-ordinator: Professor V. Kumar (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India ICTP)d an , .
30 Purpose o providT : e young, promising graduate n physici s s (mainly from developing countries) wit n advanceha d leve f trainino l g suitabl r pursuinefo g further researc teachind han g work in the field
Topics: Lattice vibrations Many-body physics. Statistical mechanics and phase transitions Symmetr bandd an y s
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 3 3 Asia 8 8 2 Europe 1 3 NortCentrad han - l America 1 1 South America 1 1 TOTAL 1 4 6 1 2
Director d Lectureran s s 4 Participants 12 Member states represented 16 Applications received 148
Title: TOPICAL WORKSHO COHERENN PO T ATOM-RADIATION INTERACTIONS
Dates Februar4 2 : Marc6 - y h
Organizers: Professor B sBederse n (New York University, USA) ,G Denard o (ICTd an P International Centr r Sciencefo d Higan eh Technology, ICS, Trieste, Italy) N Rahma, n (University of Trieste and International Institute for Pure and Applied Chemistry IIC, Trieste, Italy) and H Walther (Max Planck Institut r Quantuefo m Optics, Garching, Germany) sponsorshio ,c wite th h p of the International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS Trieste, Italy)
Purpose o overvieT : w recent development e generath n i s l are f atom-laseo a r interactions d atomian c collisions
Topics: Basic tests of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics Squeezed states Trapping and cooling of atoms and ions Multiphoton interactions, above threshold lonization and harmonic generation Atoms m highly excited states Coherence and correlation m atomic collisions
Lectures: Coherence still a sticky subject after all these years Photons from a fake star another lesson in coherence Atomic collisions — coherent and incoherent — in laser excited atoms Quantum noise reductio n nonlineai n r optical systems Field coherence, mtermolecular ideaw experimentd forcesNe an s cavitd D an , QE y cavitm sD Optica QE y l atoms Microsphere
31 resonance applicationsd an s . Experiment atomn o smicroa n i s n size . QuantuII d cavitd an I my noise reduction in optical fields and applications. Quantum noise in optical systems: a semiclassical approach. Extreme vacuum effects in active microcavities. Rydberg wave packets. Quantum noise. Atoms in superstrong fields: an introduction, lonization, stabilization and harmonic production in superstrong fields. Single atom experiments and tests of quantum physics. Coherent population trappin spectroscopn i g d lasean y r cooling. Semiclassical theorf o y radiative forces on neutral atoms. Laser cooling in the quantum regime. Laser cooling in atomic beams and optical molasses. Experiments with optical molasses. Atoms in intense laser fields I and II. Resonances in the interaction of strong lasers with atoms. Electron collisions in laser fields I. Description of nonlinear optical processes in strong laser fields. Multiphoton ionization of atomic hydrogen.
Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 3 3 Asia 2 1 21 Europe 9 20 29 North and Central America 5 6 1 1 South America 6 6 International Organizations 2 2 4 TOTAL 4 28 7 2
Directors and Lecturers 22 Participants 50 Member states represented 34 International Organizations represented 2 Applications received 76
Title: SPRING COLLEGE IN CONDENSED MATTER ON "SUPERCONDUCTIVITY" including the
Experimental Worksho hign po c superconductivit hT y (advanced activities)
Dates: 27 April - 19 June.
Organizing Committee: Professors N.H. March (Chairman, Universit f Oxfordo y , UK). ,E Burstein (University of Pennsylvania, USA), P.N. Butcher (University of Warwick, UK), P. Fulde (Max-Pianck-lnstitu r Festkörperforschungfü t , Stuttgart, Germany) . F Garcîa-Moline, r (Institut e Ciencid o e Materialesd a , Madrid, Spain) . GautieF , r (Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France), I.M. Khalatnikov (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation) . LundqvisS , t (Chalmers Universit f Technologyo y , Göteborg, Swedend an , i LunICTP)We g i (InstitutCh , f Metaeo l Research, Shenyang, P.R. China), M.P. Tosi (Universiti éd Triest ICTPd ean , Trieste (Academiu L u , Y Italyd aan ) Sinica, Beijin g, P.R . China ICTP)d an , . Course Directors: Professors C.A. Balseiro (Centro Atômico Bariloche n CarloSa ,e d s Bariloche, Argentina), G. Baskaran (Matscience Institute of Mathematical Science, Madras, India) and F.C. Matacotta (Istituto per la tecnologia dei matériau metallici non tradizionali, Milan, Italy, and ICTP). In co-operation with the International Centre for Science an High Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy).
32 Purpose: To present basic concepts and current problems from a number of different points of view
Lectures: Theor f o metaly s Overvie n superconductivito w y Josephso d relatean n d phenomen theorS BC f asuperconductivito y y Quasiparticle d Ferman s i liquid theory Gmzburg- Landau theory of type II superconductivity Strong-coupling theory of superconductivity
Ultrasonic and elastic studies of superconductivity Central dogmas in the theory of high Tc superconductivity Charge and spin separation in low dimensional systems Heavy fermions, a general introduction Magnetism and superconductivity Chemical systematics in oxides Spectroscopy studies of oxide superconductors Physics and chemistry of oxides (theory) Electronic structure of oxide superconductors Quantum chemistry of oxide superconductors Heavy fermions and superconductivity (theory) Transport studies of oxide superconductors jiSR studie f oxido s e superconductor physicw Ne s n higi s h temperature superconductivity Neutron scattering studies of oxide superconductors NMR, NQR and EPR studies of oxide superconductors Mott transitions and vortex phases m HTSC Optical and Raman studies of oxide superconductors Holes m quantum antiferromagnets Theory of spin liquid state Fullerenes Tunnelling Application f superconductivito s y Organic superconductors Electronid an c vibrational properties of fullerenes upon doping Special Seminars: Transpor a localizevi t d state n tunnei s l junctions Peak effecd an t melting of flux lattice Data acquisition with the IEEE 488 bus Landau, Kapitsa and others OHM's law revisite n relatioO d n between Berr dimensionae y on phas d ean l models with 1/r2 long range interaction Novel class of singlet superconductors with broken P and T invariance Superconductivity with strong correlations Group Activity Lectures: Spin liquid Exactly soluble quantum antiferromagnets Gauge vortice d nucleaan s r relaxation
rat higm ec oxideT h s Hole spectru d opticaman l conductivit f higo yc T superconductorh s Quantum disordered phases m frustrated antiferromagnets Spmon pair emission in Luttmger
liquid mechanism of NMR relaxation m high T0 materials Neel order versus spin liquid m triangular quantum magnets (includin e earlgth y histor f RVBo y ) Hole o bandynamictw de th n i s mode n introductioA l e Lanczoth o nt s method Superconductivit statB y RV efro e inter-layemth r pair hopping Chern-Simons terd anyoman n superconductivity Stud f o Ismy g frustrated ferromagnet effectivn A s e Hamiltonia J modeT e lth r Spinfo n bags approac single th o eht hole motio quantum n m antiferromagnet
Phenomenology surfacd an 3 e HC superconductivit y possible occurrenc hige c th oxideh T n ei s
Flux creep Generation of hysteretic Jc(H) curves at low-fields for YBaCuO7-superconductors 3
How to measure the Cooper pair effective mass and their volume densit2 y using Bernoulli effect in superconductors Excess conductivity in the paracoherence region — critical behaviour
Thermopowe f higo rc materialhT s some theoretical predictions Dynamic vortee th f o sx statn ei
HTCS Symmetry m high Tc ceramic superconductors D-wave pairing m tetragonal superconductors Dimensional effect superconductinn i s g superlattice e AbnkosoTh s v theorr fo y
vortex lattice (London limit) Fluctuation conductivity in layered high Tc superconductors Tunnelling Single electron charging effect ultrm s a small tunnel junctions Photon assisted tunnelling Point contact tunnelling studie n oxido s e superconductors Break junction studien o s
high Tc superconductors Strong correlations / electronic structure Effective Hamiltonian from a multiband Hubbard modeapproacS BC l heavo ht y fermion superconductivity Foundation f strong-couplino s g theory Zaitsee Th v diagrams techniqu e Hubbarth r efo d model Critical curren YBaCun i t O Axial oxygen
) movemenIV O ( YBan o tpossibla Cus a O e mechanis f superconductivitmo y Spectral function 3 7
e Hubbaroth f d2 mode d spectroscopan l f stronglo y y correlated systems Experimental evidence
against real-space pairing m high Tc superconductors Mixed fermion-boson model for high Tc superconductors Formatio a barrie f o n r upon self-localizatio n electroa f o n nD 2- withi e th n Fröhlich lattice mode stochastiA l c approac fluo ht x creep Experimental Experimental setup for the transport properties measurement using closed- cycle refrigerator Resistivity and Hall effect measurement in 2212 superconductors
Synthesis, characterization and studies (XPS, NMR) of single TI-0 layered high Tc superconductors Magneto-optical observation e magnetith f o s c flux structurm e
superconductors Positron annihilation metho d electronian d c propertie f YBao s 2Cu3O7 In-situ
33
deposition high T films by pseudo spark ablation Muon spin rotation measurements and doping in c hig c superconductorhT s
Informal discussion on C6o Reports on Experimental Activities: Preparation and characterization (X-ray, AC susceptibility f BaPb^BixOo ) curveH ss r textur v sfo sampleminimue e l th ee n th largO smn i e gram Gd-B-C-O superconductors Result f AC-susceptibihto s y measurement n sintereo s d an d melt textured samples Preparation and transport properties of Bi-2201 doped by Zn and Ni IR and Raman spectroscopy of Bi-2201 doped by Zn and Ni
Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 1 1 1 Asia 41 41 Europe 15 37 52 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 2 2 North and Central America 6 8 14 South America 10 10 International Organizations 2 2 TOTAL 8 5 4 7 1 32
Director d Lectureran s s 29 Participants 103 Member states represented 44 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 502
Title: SEVENTH TRIESTE SEMICONDUCTOR SYMPOSIUM ON "WIDE-BAND GAP SEMICONDUCTORS"
Dates: 8-12 June
Course Directors: Professors CM Bertoni (II Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy), E Tosatti (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy, and ICTP) and C G van de Walle, Chairma e Programmth f o n e Committee (Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, USA) e SymposiuTh s promote mwa e Steerin th y b d g Committe r Semiconductofo e r Symposin i a Trieste, unde e auspice th re Italiath f no s Ministr r Universitfo y d Scientifian y Technologicad an c l s Researcorganize wa n internationa a t I y hb d l Advisory Committe a Programm d an e e Committee, in cooperation with Gruppo Nazionale Struttura della Matena del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and it was sponsored by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italian Research Council, CNR), Fondazion ItaliaM IB e , Universit f Romo yr VergataTo e , Xerox Corporatiod an n ICTP
Purpose: To bring together scientists working on the various topics and materials within this rapidly expanding field
34 Lectures: Thin filmd device wide an sth ef o s ban p semiconductordga f diamondo s , silicon carbide and the III-V nitrides of AI, Ga and In. Optical physics and laser devices in II-VI quantum confined heterostructures y ECR-assisteb . GrowtN Ga f ho d MBE. Progres epitaxian i s l growtf ho growtD SiC d characterizatioCV . an h f singlo n e crystallin SilicoH 6 e n Carbide. Residual defect control when doping thin layers in diamond. Impurity incorporation and doping of diamond. ZnSe- based laser diodes and p-type doping of ZnSe. Ar ion laser-assisted metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of ZnSe. Substrate quality, single crystal ZnSe for homoepitaxy using seeded physical vapor transport. Column V acceptors in ZnSe: theory and experiment. Pseudopotential total energy calculations of column-V acceptors in ZnSe. Electrical and optical characterization of SiC. Deep level defects in SiC. Blue-green II-VI ZnSe laser diodes. Characterization of II-VI compounds and devices approacw ne A . wido ht e bandgap visible light emitters. Compact visible electron beam pumped CdTe/CdMnTe lasers. II-VI quantum stark effect modulators. Nonlinear optically induced magnetic Kerr rotatio n i Mn-dopen d semiconductors. Doping limit n i ZnSes . Characterization of ZnSe and other II-VI semiconductors by radioactive dopants. Intrinsic and extrinsic absorptio d luminescencan n diamondn i e . Theor f impuritieo y diamondn i s . Defectn i s nitride semiconductors. Conductivit d fabricatioan y N contro f Ga UV/bluo n f o N lightl Ga e- emitting devices. SiC and SiC-AIN solid solution pn structures grown by LPE. Blue LEDs, UV photodiodes and high temperature rectifiers in 6H-SiC. Bright visible light emission from electro-oxidized porou a quantu : Si st modelmdo . Structura d electronian l c propertieC Si f o s polytypes. Ab-initio molecular-dynamics stud f structurao y d electronicaan l l propertief o s amorphous SiC. Electronic structur f galliuo e m nitride. Band structure d higan sh pressure phase transition n GaNi s . Propertie f interfaceo s f diamondo s . Electronic propertie f SiCo s , Ill-nitrides and related materials. Intensity dependent optical propertie f semiconductoo s r quantum dots: assignmen dynamicd an telectron-hole th f o s e pair levels. Optica l piezoelectrie studth f o y c field effect in (111)-oriented CdTe/CdMnTe strained quantum wells. Microscopic control of ZnSe-
GaAs(110) band offset. Exciton dynamic 330 ZnCd 0n i se/Te/Zn/T e quantum wells. Poster sessions.
Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 1 2 Asia 4 10 14 Europe 4 92 96 Indonesia and Oceania - 1 1 North and Central America - 29 29 TOTAL 9 1 33 1 42
Directors and Lecturers 28 Participants 1 14 Member states represented 24 Applications received 159
35 Title: MINIWORKSHOP ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS IV
Dates July 0 Jun5 1 1 . :e -
Organizers: Professor G Baskaras n (Matscience Institut f Mathematicao e l Science, Madras, India), P Chandra (NEC Research Institute, Princeton, USA), P Coleman (Rutgers State University, Piscataway, USA), E Tosatti (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste (Academiu L , u ItalyY ICTPd d an , aan ) Simca, Beijmg ChinaR P ,ICTPd an , )
Purpose: To provide extensive opportunities for informal discussion, research and collaboration in the field
Topics: C6o Heavy fermions Cuprate superconductors 1D systems
Lectures: Questions, themes and questionable themes in strongly correlated systems Novel class of singlet superconductors with broken P and T invariance Electronic structure of cuprate superconductors current statu f understandino s g Spi 1 chain n Fermi surface dispersion i n strongly correlated systems Experimental studie f fullereneo s s Random phase approximation for a crystal with two electron bands Perovskite superconductors m high dimensions
Experimental studies of C-60 II Heavy fermion superconductors and the flux lattice in UPt3 C- 60 superconductor overvie— s f theorwo y Some recent result cupratm s e superconductors Introductio e e FQHtheorth th f o Eo t ny Jastrow conductor d magnetan s s some explicitly solvabl modelD 1 e s Charge spin J model separatiot- quasd d an 1- sid 1 Hydrodynamicm n f o s w dimensiolo n quantum antiferromagnets Optical conductivit f 221o ysom— w result2 ne e s Exotic properties of He-3 Metal insulator transition in the infinite dimensional Hubbard model Fermi liqui d non-Fermdan i liquid phase extenden a m s d Hubbard mode n infiniti l e dimensions Gauge theories of strongly correlated systems Quantum frustrated spin systems The Kagomé antiferromagne a topologica — t l spin glass d Hubbar1- ? d mode n magnetii l e cth field an d equivalent Tomonaga model Heavy-fermion magnets, super semiconductord an - s Discussions: Novel PT breaking superconductors Fractional quantum Hall effect and 1d phenomena — are there connections9 Quantum antiferromagnetism C-axis optical conductivity of cuprate e confinementh — s t controversy Normal state propertie f cuprato s e superconductors Numerical method d higan sh temperature expansions Non-Fermi liquid behaviouw lo n i r dimensional systems Gauge theories Some new 1D field theories Finite size studies of 2D strongly correlated electron systems Future directions for condensed matter theory Mini-symposiu numerican mo l studie f Hubbaro sJ mode t- d lan d
The participants in the Mmiworkshop also attended plenary seminars of the Research Workshop in condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics and the lectures of the Symposium on frontiers m condensed matter physics
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 2 _ 2 Asia 5 - 5 Europe 16 1 1 7 Indonesia and Oceania 23 23 South America 2 18 20 TOTAL 2 5 4 2 6 7
36 2 Director d Lectureran s s 5 6 Participants Membe2 r2 states represented 0 10 Applications received
Title: RESEARCH WORKSHOP IN CONDENSED MATTER, ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Dates: 22 June - 11 September
Organizers: Professor G sBaskara n (Matscience Institut f Mathematicao e l Sciences, Madras, India) E Burstei, n (Universit f Pennsylvaniao y , USA)N ButcheP , r (Universitf o y Warwick, UK), H Cerdeira (Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, and ICTP) F Garcia-Molme, r (Institut Cienciae d e Matenalese d s , Madrid, Spam) KhalatmkoM l , v (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russia, and Max-Planck Institut fur Astrophysics, Garchmg, Germany), V Kumar (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India, and ICTP), A Levi (Universita di Genova, Genoa, Italy), S Lundqvist (Chalmers Universit f Technologyo y , Göteborg, Sweden i Lun d ICTP)We gan i , (InstitutCh , f o e Metal Research, Academia Sinica, Shenyang, P R China), N H March (University of Oxford, UK), A Mookerjee (S N Nose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Calcutta, India), F S Persico (Universita di Palermo, Italy), E Tosatti (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italyd ICTP) an P Tos, M , i (Scuola Normale Supenore, (Academiu PisaL u ,Y Italyd aan ) Sinica, Beijmg, P R China, and ICTP) n co-operatioI n wite Internationath h l Centr r Sciencfo e d Higan eh Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy)
Purpose: To support research in developing countries on condensed matter physics and related areas
Plenary Seminars: Kondo insulators What we do and do not understand m heavy fermion
physics High-Tc transport properties what is and what is not anomalous Scaling in non- equilibnum nonlinear equilibrium nonlinear system se fractalsth wher e ar e Dynamic 7 roughenin f surfaceo g d interfacean s s Earthquake s self-organizea s d critical phenomena Isoscalar surface n i turbulencs e fractal Collective phenomena Vortice m layeres d 9 superconductors Uncertainty Hermitian principlno r fo en operators, Bose superfluiditd an y
order paramete n Fractionai r l Quantum Hall Effect Hall effect abovsuperconductorm c eT e Th s micron superlattice of ferroelectncs Work function and surface energy of metals Density
functional calculations of electron-phonons m high Tc superconductors Quasi-crystals Rydberg atom temporalln i s y periodic fields Evaporation deposition processes jammin generalised gan d quantum Heisenberg models Chaotic systems countin numbee gth f periodo r s Hubbard moden a ! augmented space formalism Theoretical descriptio f dynamio n c charge transfer processet a s surfaces Group Meetings: Classical and quantum liquids Semiconductors Atomic physics Working Group Activities: Liquids - Electron Gas Concentration fluctuations m liquid metal alloys The concept of stabilize ds applicatioit jelhu d an m o t plana nd curvean r d surfaces Fluctuatmg-dipole interactions homogeneous electro s Gradiennga t expansion r kinetifo s c energy density functional m various dimensions Plasmon damping m 3D jellium Local field factor for 2D electrons from Quantum Monte-Carlo Computer simulation of critical phenomena in fluids Charged hard spheres r Gradienfa stor o s y t expansion r kinetifo s c energy density functiona n varioui l s
dimensions Ab-mitio MD study of Li12Si7 liquid alloy Effective interactions between concentration fluctuations and charge transfer m chemically ordering liquid alloys
37 Semiconductors: Acceptor related photoluminescence spectra of GaAs-(Ga,AI)As quantum wells and wires. Envelope function calculations for semiconductor superlattices. Electrical, therma d thermoelectrian l c transpor n quantui t m point contacts. Electromagnetic absorptiof o n finite e crossovesystemth e macroscopid th an so t r c behaviour. Phonon spectrw lo n i a dimensional semiconductor systems. Green's functions (Kjeldysh) in the study of resonant tunneling. On the magnetic-field dependence of the electronic charge density in semiconductor heterojunctions. Negative-donor centers o (D~dimensionstw )n i . Electronic staten i s GaAs/AIGaAs quantum wells with periodically structured interfaces. Confinement of acoustical o electron-phonomodet e du s n interaction withi electroD 2 n n gas. Optical stark e effecth f o t exciton in quantum wells. Exact solutions of the restricted Hartree-Fock equations for arbitrary q fillinp/ g factors. Spin relaxatio f 2D-electrono n n semiconductorsi s . Quantum-interference resonant photocurren n semiconductorsi t . Electronic structur f III-o e V semiconductor oxides. Rigorous approac e constructioth o t h f pseudopotentiao n r moleculafo l r clusters. Electric-field effect on spatially dependent screening of impurity states in quantum wells. Defects or Mechanical Properties: The defect studies in condensed matter physics. Dislocation contrast by transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) — Burgers vector characterization. Ar- ion plasma generatio f poinno preparatioe t Th defect . Si n f i snanocrystallinno e materialse Th . structur d propertiean e f nanocrystallino s e materials. Ultradiffusio e fractath n o nl branching Koch curves. Multi-range and multi-scaling fractals in fractures. High resolution electron microscopy studies on quasicrystals in quenched Fe-Nb alloy interfaces of semiconductor and
electrolyte. Positron lifetime of defects in crystallization of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous alloy. Strongly Correlated Systems: Some remarks on fermion-based and boson-based anyons. Induced fractional vacuum charge and the Aharonov-Bohn effect. Analytical methods in the study of quasi-two dimensional quantum antiferromagnets. General: Dynamical properties of quasicrystals. A two dimensional model of localized modes
for (CH)x. Hall anomaly: does it provide any clue to the mechanism of high Tc superconductivity?
25th Anniversary Symposium frontierson condensedin matter physics, 10-11 July: Lectures neuraA : t modene l f technologicao l l innovation. Anomalous long period exchange oscillation magnetin i s c multilayers existence th n coherena O .f eo t quantum paraelectric statn i e
SrTiO SherlocA — 3 k Holmes story. From liquid crystal o proteinst s : dynamic f growtho s e Th . geometric phase, anticipations and analogies. New directions in molecular dynamics simulations
of condensed matte re emergin th systems d an g C . carbon-based nanotechnology. Grain 0
boundarie hige th h n i stemperatur e superconductors6 : critical currents, SQUID spectroscopyd an s .
Working Party "Stateson matterof highat magnetic July: 24 fields", - 20 Lectures: Current density functional theory I: formalism. Quantum melting in 2D electron gas and flux lattice melting. Superconductivity in high magnetic fields. Edge states in the quantum Hall effect. Current density functional theor : II Locay l density approximations. Vorticen i s superconductors. Quantum transport, defect wave d fluan xs creep. Current density functional theory III: applications. Re-entrant melting transition in 2D electron gas in strong magnetic field. Relativistic density functional theory: reduction of a many-body electron problem to a one- electron Dirac equation. Photoluminescence in quantum Hall systems. Seminars :D Wigne 2 Phonon e th r n crystai s l from density functional theory. Effecf o t exchang correlatiod ean Ferme th n ino moment electro D magnetin 3 i a s f ao nga c field. Anderson confinemen f edgo t e states. Dielectric susceptibilit o dimensionatw a f o y l electron i s ga n magnetic fields beyond RPA.
Working Party "Noiseson mesoscopicin systems", August:July7 27 - Lectures: Main idea f mesoscopio s c physics. Noises: main mechanisms. Superconductivity and Coulomb blockade. Tunneling junctions. Seminars: Resonant magnetotunnelin double-barriea n i g r structure. Thermoelectricitd an y thermoconductivity in quantum wires. A model study of disordered mesoscopic rings in magnetic field. Co-tunnelin noiseand g tunnelinin s g junction systems. Magnetoconductance fluctuationof mesoscopic rings by tight-binding approach. Resonant scattering by impurities with correlated electrons. The impurities in A4 B6 semiconductors. Round Table Discussion: Noisy level of noises in mesoscopic systems.
38 Working Party on "Disordered alloys", 24 August- 4 September Lectures: LMTO-CPA on random alloys Magnetism and ordering in alloys KKR on random alloye MobiuTh s s transformatio e Butticker-LandaueTh n r characteristic barrier interaction terms for 1-D random layered structures Electronic structure of isolated defects on crystalline surfaces Informatics Laboratory: Working with computer codes Technical Sessions: Recursion Augmented space
Working Party on "Energy transfer in interactions with surfaces adsorbates",and 31 August- September11 Lectures: Phonon t surfacea s theid an sr excitatio y externab n l probes Electronic response of surfaces and adsorbates Inelastic effects in the electronic spectra of adsorbates Quantum versus semiclassical regime f stickino s g Vibrational Imeshape f adsorbateo s s HREELd San ARUPS from physisorbed molecule e rol f adsorbato Th es e degree f freedoo s n mstickini g Inelastic effects in ESD and PSD from surfaces Rhodium structure and phonon spectra Charge exchange m particle scattering from surfaces Light ion scattering from surfaces Surface plasmons and electron microscopy Inelastic effects in EELS of metal surfaces Bortolani-Mills parado n i heliux m atom scattering Inelasti e atoH c m scattering (HAS) from surfaces Anharmonic effects in, surface phonons Debye-Waller factor m atom-surface scattering Muitiphonon excitation froS mHA surfacen i s s
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f o scientistr y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 31 _ 31 Asia 92 1 93 Europe 71 70 141 Nort d Centrahan l America 3 20 23 South America 11 - 1 1 International Organizations - 2 2 TOTAL 2 08 93 301
Directors and Lecturers 60 Participants 241 Member states represented 56 International Organizations represented 2 Applications received 630
Title: MINIWORKSHO NON-LINEARITN PO Y DYNAMIC SURFACED SAN NONLINEAN I S R PHYSICS
Dates: 13 - 24 July
Organizing Committee: Professor S sLundqvis t (Chairperson, Chalmers Universitf o y Technology, Göteborg, Sweden, and ICTP) H Cerdeira (Co-chairperson Universidade Estadual e Campinasd , UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil d ICTP)an , E Tosatt, i (International Schoor fo l Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italyd ICTP)an , TosM , i (Universit f Triesto y d Scuolan e a Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy) and Yu Lu (Academia Sinica, Beijing, P R China, and ICTP)
39 Course Directors: Professor . T Bohs r (Universit f Copenhageno y , Denmark), H.A. Cerdeira (UNICAMP, Brazil d ICTP)an , , M.H. Jensen (Nordisk Institu r Teoretisfo t k Atomfysik, NORDITA, Copenhagen, Denmark) and I. Procaccia (The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel). In co-sponsorship with NORDIT d NORFAan A (Nordic Academ r Traininfo y f Researchersgo , Oslo, Norway).
Purpose: To work actively on current problems through lectures and discussion sessions. Topics: Rol f wrinkleeo d surfaces quantun i m gravity. Numerical simulation f randoo s m surface growth. Experimental investigations in turbulent systems. Static wrinkling. Wrinkled surfaces in turbulence. Surface turbulencen i s . Interfaces.
Lectures: Various aspect f experimento s n thermai s l turbulence e wrinkleTh . d geometrf o y turbulence. Dynamic scalin f growino g g surface d interfacesan s : comparison with experiments. Theoretical aspect f interfaco s e growth problem. Rol f wrinkleo e d surface n quantuo s m gravity. Surfaces in turbulence. Static wrinkling.
4 July 2 e participant th o ,t Fro e 1 Miniworkshom2 th n i s p attende e lecturee th d th f o s Adriatico Research Conferenc wrinklinn eo f surfacego nonlinean i s r systems.
Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 1 Asia 5 5 10 Europe 6 1 9 25 North and Central America - 5 5 6 South America 6 International Organizations - 1 1 8 1 TOTAL 3 0 4 8
Directors and Lecturers 18 Participants 30 Member states represented 25 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 70
Title: MINIWORKSHO METHODN PO ELECTRONIF SO C STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS
Dates: 10-21 August.
Organizers: Professors O.K. Andersen (Max-Planck-lnstitut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany) and V. Kumar (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India, and ICTP), with the co-sponsorship of the International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy).
40 Purpose: To discuss some of the recent developments in this area and to provide the participant opportunitn sa r hands-ofo y n working experienc computee somn eo th f eo r codes.
Lectures: Density functional theory. Linear combinatio f muffin-tio n n orbitals (LMTOd an ) the periodic table. Solving electronic structure problems withe recursioth n method. Tight binding LMTO. Pseudopotentials. Augmented space formalis r disorderemfo d systems. First principles investigation of epitaxial interfaces using LMTO-supercell approach. Density functional theory beyond LDA. Density functional molecular dynamics. Interatomic interactions in the effective medium theory. PAW: an all-electron technique for first principles molecular dynamics. Band structure calculations for incommensurate spiral magnetic structures. Towards very large scale electronic structure calculations. Energie f oxygeo s n vacancie n MgOi s . Car- Parrinello molecular dynamics with the Vanderbilt pseudopotentials. First principles calculations of self-diffusion constants in silicon. Density functional perturbation theory. Atomic and electronic structure of clusters from Car-Parrinello method. Calculated phonon dispersions of Nb using linear response method. Computer exercises: Computer codes. Informal discussions: Pseudopotentials. Car-Parrinello method. Large scale electronic structure calculations. Density functional theory.
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 6 6 Asia 17 1 7 Europe 12 27 39 Nort Centrad han 2 l America 1 3 South America 4 4 TOTAL 4 1 28 69
Directord an s Lecturers 12 Participants 57 Member states represented 31 Applications received 107
Title: SUMMER COURSE ON LOW-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM FIELD THEORY FOR CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICISTS
Dates Augus4 2 :September 4 - t .
Organizers: Professor . LundqvisS s t (Chalmers Universit f Technologyo y , Göteborg, Sweden d ICTP)an ,. MorandG , i (Universit f Bolognao y u (AcademiL u ,Y Italyd aan ) Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China, and ICTP). In co-operation with the International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy).
Purpose: To acquaint young researchers in condensed matter physics with new techniques in quantum field theory, such as Chern-Simons theory, nonlinear o-mode! and conformai field theory.
41 Topics: Introduction to geometrical and topological aspects of field theory (fibre bundles, homotopy, De Rham theory etc.) Quantization in nontrivial topological spaces. Introductio o conformat n i field theory. Chern-Simons theory and quantum Hall effect. Anyons and anyon superconductivity. Bethe Ansat exactld zan y solvable models. Bosonization techniques. Gauge field approach to magnetism and superconductivity.
Lectures: Some geometr d topologyan y . Exactly soluble models. Field theory methodn i s condensed matter: fermions; bosons; fermions meet bosons; application to pure Ising models; random Ising model. Chern-Simons fiel dQHE the theor . and y Gauge symmetries, topologand y quantization. Anyons and anyon superconductivity: introduction to anyons; RPA for anyons; self- consistent Hartree approximation for anyons; self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation for anyons. Method f o conformas i field theor n i condensey d matter physics. Quantum antiferromagnet dimensionso tw n i s . Fermion field theory approac FQHEe th o ht .
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 3 3 Asia 14 3 1 7 Europe 1 7 38 55 North and Central America 2 1 7 19 South America 9 9 International Organizations 2 2 TOTAL 4 5 6 0 1 05
Director d Lectureran s s 11 Participants 94 Member states represented 35 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 272
Title: CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL EVOLUTION AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
October0 Dates3 - 6 .2 :
Organizers: Professor . PonnamperumC s a (Universit f Marylando y , College Parkd , an USA) . Chela-FloreJ s (Instituto Internaciona e Estudiod l s Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela d ICTP)an , , wite co-sponsorshith h e Internationath f o p l Centr r Sciencfo e d Higan eh Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy), the Commission of the European Communities (Bruxelles, Belgium) and UNESCO (Paris, France).
Purpose exploro T : e maneth y aspect f cosmio s c evolution fro chemicae mth l histore th f o y universe, the processes of prebiological chemistry, self-organization, the earliest evidence of life, the origin of chirality to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
42 Topics: Planetary evolution and early history of the Earth. Prebiotic chemistry and polymerization. Self-organization. Prebiological organization. Biochirality. Early evolutio f lifeo n . Meteorites. Extraterrestrial intelligence.
Lectures: Earliest records of life on earth. Phosphate in models for molecular evolution. Biological marker precambrian i s n sediment Indias— n subcontinent. Could comet carriere sb f o s intact homochiral biomolecules from interstellar space e nee ?Th studo dt e origith y f lifeo n O . Dyson's modelorigie th f f lifeno so . Prebiotic chemistry world.A EvolutioRN . n Froa n ni m amino acid o chemicallt s y active peptides. Chromoproteinoid d theian sr abilit o fort y m boundary structures. Ionizing radiation and water in chemical processing in space and on early Earth. Chemical effects of ionizing radiation and sonic energy in the context of chemical evolution. The role of neoteny and sociogenesis in the evolution of cell structure. Chemical origin and early evolution of biological energy conversion. Small pathogenic RNAs of plants: living fossils of the RNA world? The weak force and the origin of life. Viruses and viroids aï the origin of organized life. True and false chirality. Experiments in search of the origin of biomolecular asymmetry. Topological origin of chiral asymmetry in biology. Bifurcation with symmetry breaking as the cause of biological big bang. The origin of chirality, the role of phase transitions and their inductio n amini n o acids. Chirality: hypothesi experimentsw ne d an s . Theoretical considerations: spontaneous regulating mechanism e origith f lifeo sn o attempte t A y hav .tha d ma le te d experiment. Searc r phasfo h e transitions changing molecular chirality. Chiral interactiod an n biomolecular evolution. Chiral force d moleculaan s r dissymmetry. Difference n radiolysii s s behaviou aminL , D o f o raci primarn di y stag thermodynamid an e c state. Experimental studien so e possibilitth f chiralito y y dependent time reversal. Physicochemica e e lorigi th th basi f r no fo s genetic code. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Summary: origin of life 1992. Discussio experimentw ne f no origie th f aminn o so o acid chirality.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 3 3 Asia 16 1 17 Europe 7 21 28 Indonesi Oceanid aan a •| _ 1 Nort Centrad han l America 1 8 9 South America 6 6 International Organizations 2 2 3 TOTAL 4 32 6 6
8 2 Director d Lectureran s s Participants 38 Member states represented 38 International Organizations represented 2 Applications received 85
43 MATHEMATICS
Title: RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS
Dates: Throughout the year
Organizers: Professor J sEell s (Universit f A VerjovskWarwickd ICTPo yd an an , ) UK ,y (Centr e Investigaciöd o Estudioe d y n s Avanzado l Institutsde e Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico, and ICTP)
Purpose o givT : e continuit e mathematicth o t y s research programme o providt d an se Associate Member d visitoran s s from Federated Institutes wite possibilitth h f contaco y t with high-level mathematicians throughou yeae th t r
Seminars: The impact of geometry and topology on computer vision On the compactification of the moduli space of branched minimal immersions of S2 into S4 Degree and genus of curves in projective space The exchange algebra of Liouville field theory on punctured Riemann sphere Cobordism classe f fixeo s d point f G-actiono s Virasorresulte w th Ne sn o s o algebr n statisticaai l mechanics The Landau-Lifshitz equation and its elation with harmonic maps Symplectic geometry Cyclic surger d coverinan y g between knot complements Cohomolog f quasi-Hopo y f algebras Black holes from nonabelian Toda systems Continuu e algebrmLi d lonan ag wave approximatio w methone r solvinA fo nd g singular integral equations Multidimensional finitely generated Klemian groups properties of fmiteness and of non-fmiteness Existence and deformation theory for scalar-flat Kahler metrics on compact complex 2-manifolds On the topolog f quaternionio y c Kahler manifolds Theor f locao y l rule r quasicrystalfo s - 4 a n O s dimensional special geometr d hyperbolian y c structures Ergodic theor d grouan y p invariant functions in hyperbolic geometry Knot theory and biology Topology of complex polynomials (in 2 variables) Root f contractiono s s with Hilbert-Schmidt defect operator Transformation groups and their representations Computing the character tables of certain group extensions Metric and topology of chirality Harmonic maps, hyperbolic cohomology and higher Milnor inequalities Dinchlet's problem along Gree e behaviounth lined an f sharmonio r c functions Orthogonal decomposition e algebrasLi f o s , Euclidean lattice finitd an se simple group n commutatorO s d an s semicommutators of Toephtz operators Oscillatory behaviour of solutions of a class of parabolic differential equation f neutrao s l type Some manifold f higheo s r d ranparallean k l mean curvature On the rank of compact manifolds Characterisation of commutative Banach algebras Diophantme equations and class groups of real quadratic fields Effective moduli determined by e forc th n singularitieo e s Integratio f four-dimensionao n l self-dual Yang-Mills equationd an s quantum versio f generalizeo n d Toda lattice Multidimensional Riemann proble clasa r f mo fo s nonlinear hyperbolic system e fundamentaTh s l groupe complementh f o s f complexifieo t d real arrangements Teichmuller spaces, period matrices, Diff(S1) and string theory Wave front propagatio randon ni Riemanniaa m n medio d aan n manifol remarA d k abou meae th t n curvature On the one-step reaction model with more general Arrhenius kinetics The Ruelle operator and quasiconformal deformation f rationao s l function Recent development nonlineam s r accretive operator A partias l "-algebraic approac o quantut h m dynamics Second-order conservative system w trendne s s Quasiconformal deformation f o degres o rationatw e l mapn A s improvemen f Breziso t ' inequalit s applicationit d an y s Divergence e modulth n i si space integral d accumulatinan g handle e infinite-genuth m s s limit Quantum Groups Seminars: Basic notions Representations Duality Non-compact quantum groups Algebr f functiono a n quantuo s m groups Twistin d nonstandaran g d quantum matrix groups Quantum algebras and q-special functions SOq(N, R) symmetric harmonic oscillator on the quantum Euclidean space R^f Paragrassmann calculus and quantum groups Joint Seminars: The uncountably many fake R4's inside the standard 4 space Holomorphic isometnes of spin factors Round Table: Mathematics in the Third World
44 Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 17 — Asia 58 3 Europe 7 15 North and Central America 4 9 South America 12 - International Organizations - 1 TOTAL 9 8 2 8 1 26
Title: DIPLOMA COURSE IN MATHEMATICS
Dates: First term: 1 October - 31 December (Programme continues until 30 September 1993).
Co-ordinator: Professor C. Chidume (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, and ICTP).
Purpose: To provide young, promising graduates in physics (mainly from developing countries) wit n advancea h d leve f trainino l g suitabl r pursuinefo g further researc d teachinhan g e fieldworth .n i k
Topics: Differential geometry. Measures and integration. Point-set Topology.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 5 5 Asia 5 5 Europe 1 2 3 Nort d Centrahan 1 l America 1 2 TOTAL 1 2 5 1 3
Directors and Lecturers 3 Participants 12 Member states represented 12 Applications received 107
45 Title: SCHOO DYNAMICAN LO L SYSTEMS
June5 - y .DatesMa 5 2 :
Organizers: Professors J. Palis (Instituto de Matemâtica Pura e Aplicada (IMPA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Ya. Sinai (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russia). Prof. J. Moser (Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Honggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland) was Honorary Director.
Purpose develoo T : e mathematicapth l theor f dynamicao y l systems o discus t s wel a s , a l s some application physicso st .
Topics: Elements of bifurcations, strange attractors, invariant measures. Dynamical physics/chaos. Hamiltonia Lagrangiad nan n systems. Symplectic dynamics/variational methods. Polynomial differential equations, globa d locaan l l aspects.
Lectures: First integral r algebraifo s c differential equations. Bifurcations, chaotic dynamic d attractorsan s . Nonuniform hyperbolicit d strangan y e attractors. Introductioo t n simplectic topology. Bifurcations, normal form d Hubert-Arnold'an s s proble r polycyclesmfo . KAM theory. Ergodic theory. A ceil mapping approach to the global analysis of Newton's root- finding method. Formula r higefo h order cyclequadratie th n i s c map.
Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 6 6 2 2 Asia 2 24 Europe 6 36 42 North and Central America 6 1 7 4 1 South America 1 4 TOTAL 54 39 93
Directors and Lecturers 14 Participants 79 Member states represented 33 Applications received 167
Title: WORKSHOP ON DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Dates: 8-19 June.
Organizers: Professor . PaliJ s s (Institut e Matemâticd o a Pur e Aplicada a e (IMPAd o Ri , Janeiro, Brazil) and Ya. Sinai (Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Russia). Prof. J. Moser (Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Honggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland) was Honorary Director.
Purpose: To develop the mathematical theory of dynamical systems, as well as to discuss some applications to physics.
46 Topics: Elements of bifurcations, strange attractors, invariant measures. Dynamical physics/chaos. Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems. Symplectic dynamics/variational methods. Polynomial differential equations, global and local aspects.
Lectures: Homoclinic bifurcations and large Hausdorff dimension. Genericity, nonlocal bifurcation d Hubert-Arnolan s d problem. Recent development n Henon-liko s e strange attractors. Hilbert-Arnold's proble r elementarmfo y polycycle e geometrie planeth th n n O o .s c structurf o e Henon-like strange attractors. Quasisymmetric conjugacies of unimodal maps. A new Lorenz-like strange attractor. Critical symbolic dynamics and local connectedness of Julia sets. Integrable system d Birkhofan s f normal form n resonani s t case. Mixin f speciao g l flows with logarithmic singularities. Hyperbolicity in lattice models of unbounded media. Uniformization of the leaves of rational vector fields. On the existence and positive denseness of Henon-like strange attractors. On the stability (hyperbolicity) conjecture for real quadratic maps. The method of induced hyperbolicity. Stable controllabilit f generio y c control system n surfaceso s . Singular Lagrangian varietie n Hamiltoniai s n systems. Anosov convex Hamiltonians. Topological classificatiof o n integrable Hamiltonian systems. Rayleigh elliptic geodesies and quasi-modes. Length spectrum invariants of Riemannian manifolds. On the dychotomy of the arithmetic difference of affine Cantor sets. Convex billiard theorea . d Hopf E dynamice an s f mo Th . standare th f o s d map: what e dynamic Th s goini ? f on gareo s a preserving twist map d generalizationsan s . Horocyclic flows d numbean r theory. Expansive homeomorphism hyperbolid an s c diffeomorphism 3-manifoldsn o s . Closed geodesic on generic hypersurfaces. Some counter-examples to theory of chaotic mappings. TBA. Stochastic reaction-diffusion equation e theorTh f . o Burgery s equation. Explosion f singulao s r cycles. Closed geodesie d continuean s d fraction expansion with even partical quotients e Poincare-Lyapunov-Liouville-ArnolTh . d theorem. Chebyshev systems, characteristic equivalence and cusp of order n. Problems and perspectives in the theory of dynamical systems. Nekhoroshev estimates for quasi-convex Hamiltonians. Hyperbolic attractors with singularities. Topological classificatio f subhyperbolio n c polynomials with connected Julia curvesetsM d strangKA . an s e attractors e stabilitA surve.th n f o oneyo y - parameter families of dynamics. Lines of curvature and dynamics. Noninvertible two-dimensional maps. Topological dynamic f triangulao s r maps. Dynamic prototype r fulfo sl familief o s multimodal maps. Contact 3-manifolds, integrable Hamiltonian systems and exotic symplectic structures in R4. Anosov flows and suspensions. Homoclinic orbits to invariant tori of symplectic maps. Residuall ° attractorC y e conjugatar s o hyperbolit e c ones. Limit d setminimaan s l attraction center r continuoufo s s maps. Self-stochasticity. Poincaré compactificatio n celestiai n l mechanics. On the inversion of functions.
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 7 _ 7 Asia 18 3 21 Europe 7 34 41 North and Central America 7 5 12 South America 24 — 24 TOTAL 6 3 4 2 1 05
Directors and Lecturers 21 Participants 84 Member states represented 33 Applications received 181
47 Title: ADVANCED WORKSHOP ON ARITHMETIC ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY
Dates Augus 1 September1 3 : 1 - t .
Organizers: Professors A.H. Assadi (Universit f Wisconsino y , USA) . JannseU , n (Universitä u Kölnz t , Germany . SchappacheN d an ) r (Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France).
Purpose: This is the first of three meetings; the other two meetings will take place in 1993 and 1994. The aim of these meetings is to introduce the participants to some very active research areas of arithmetic geometry, in particular arithmetic surfaces and some classical diophantine problems (such as the conjectures of Fermât and Mordell).
Topics: Algebraic geometry. Complex geometry. Algebraic number theory. Topology and differential geometry.
Lectures: Arakelov e Theorbasith c — yideas . Algebraic geometry. Complex geometry. Algebraic number theory. Schemes and sheaves: review of the first AG-courses. Topological theory of characteristic classes; an alternative approach to the one used in the TDG course. Riemann surfaces; complex (and complex algebraic) geometr n dimensioi y . Cohomolog1 n y theories. Topology and differential geometry. Examples of explicit calculations in algebraic number theory. Kahler manifolds; complex geometry, Hodge theory, and metrics. Intersection theory on algebraic surfaces. Chern-Weil theory. Algebraic surfaces and Mordell's conjecture over function fields. Algebraic curves and their Jacobians. Classical algebraic number theory. Arithmeti f elliptio c c curves. Derived categories. Arakelov theor d applicationsan y . Ranf o k elliptic curves, Néron heigh d intersectioan t n number, with computer applications. Elliptic complexes and differential operators. Green's functions. Counting points on elliptic curves over finite fields. Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch. Geometric Invariant Theory (G.I.T.). Fibred surfaces. Abelian varieties. Abel-Jacobi theorem. Abelian varieties over C and theta-divisors. Green's function a theta-functionsvi s . Arithmetic curves; algebraic number theory interpreten i d Arakelov's way. Jacobian and Picard variety. Applications of G.I.T. to curves and Abelian varieties. Arakelov theor d applicationan y s (2): ampleness. Analytic theor f Teichmülleo y r space. Vector bundle curven o s s (d'après Faltings). Period f algebraio s c curves arithmetice th , - geometric mean, and generalizations. Round Table: Mathematics in the Third World.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 10 10 Asia 48 1 49 Europe 10 54 64 Nort Centrad han 5 l America 8 13 South America 2 2 TOTAL 7 5 8 13 63
Directors and Lecturers 37 Participants 101 Member states represented 31 Applications received 198
48 Title: WORKSHOP ON COMMUTATIVE ALGEBRA
Dates: 14-25 September
Organizers: Professors Ngo Viet Trung (Academy of Sciences of Viet Nam, Hanoi), A Simis (Universidade Federal da Bahia, S Salvador, Brazil) and G Valla (University of Genoa, Italy)
Purpose: To emphasize current work in the major topics of commutative algebra and encourage discussion recenn so t development aree th an si
Topics: Determmanta Cohen-Macaulad an l y loci Linkag deformatiod ean n Homological methods Numerical character f gradeo s d rings
Lectures: Grobner bases Cohen-Macaulay approximations Embeddmgs of affine varieties On Macaulay's definitio f perfecno t ideals Some applicatio f completinno g unimodular polynomial vectors Theorems of Artin-Nagata type on residual intersection and algebraic linkage On vector bundle n projectivo s e varieties Determmantal rings Linkag d deformatioan e n COCOe th r Afo working algebraist Monomial conjecture and Gorenstein rings Results and problems on the resolution of certain graded algebras Coherence, regularity and homological dimensions of fixed rings Theoretical aspec f MACAULAo t computea Y— r syste r doinmfo g commutative algebrd aan algebraic geometry Canonical module Cohen-Macaulad an s y type f modulao s r lattices Generic maps revised result d opean sn questions Critical binomial f monomiao s le th curve n O s cofmitenes f locaso l cohomology modules Elimination, resultan ideald an tf determmantaso l type Macaulayficatio f quasi-projectivo n e varieties Normalit f laddeo y r determmantae l th ideal n O s depth of the associated graded ring of an m-pnmary ideal of a Cohen-Macaulay ring Finite free resolutions wit a multiplicativh e structure Multiplicitie f blow-upo s f straightenino s g closed ideals in graded ordinal Hodge algebras On the equations defining monomial curves The Dilworth numbe a Stanley-Reisne f o r 1 Computationa m r di rin f go l method commutativn i s e algebrn O a the Gorenstein property of multigraded Rees algebras Fmiteness properties of local cohomology modules Beyond Cohen-Macaulay approximation Structure of complete differential local rings On the structure of the canonical modules and the Gorenstein property of Rees and form rings of power f idealo s s Cohomological annihilator d hypersurfacan s e section n facO - seh ringe Th s vector of a graded Gorenstein algebra unimodality and related problems Hodge algebras and standard bases Multiplicit f idealo y f maximao s l analytic sprea d intersectioan d n theore Th y special fiber of the ideal of a monomial curve in P3 Equations of monomial varieties and Rees monomiaa rin f go l quasi-homogeneous projective surface Certain loci associate canonicaa o dt l curve Associated graded algebra Gorensteia f so n algebrequatione th n O a s whic e needehar o dt define a projective scheme Integral valued polynomials On the Gorenstein property of blow-up rings of analytic deviation 1 ideals Discriminants and resultants Generic maps results and open questions Hilbert-functio f bigradeno d algebras Reduction number d Reesan s algebra f powerso s idean oa f l y-hyperellipticit d weightan y f Weierstraso s s points Projective modules over monoid rings and related topics Certain monomial curves are set-theoretic complete intersections On epimorphism theorems Buchsbaum criterio r Segrfo n e product computationaA s e l th proo r fo f Quillen-Sushm theorem
49 Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 7 _ 7 Asia 36 3 39 Europe 6 52 58 North and Central America 3 14 1 7 South America 6 - 6 TOTAL 5 8 69 1 27
Directors and Lecturers 15 Participants 1 12 Member states represented 28 Applications received 152
50 PHYSICS AND ENERGY
Title: RESEARC PLASMHN I A PHYSICS
Dates: throughout the year.
Organizer: Professor S. Mahajan (University of Texas at Austin, USA).
Purpose: To promote collaboration between plasma physics researchers in developing and developed countrie o providt d an se them with research facilities (librar d computingan y o t ) enable the conducmo t t first-rate research wor plasmn i k a physics.
Seminars: Time-dependent solution f Vlasoso v plasmas VolterrA . a integral approace th r hfo initial value problem of plasma waves. Similarity and rescaling in plasma physics. Kinetic currents, gyrodynamics and modification of Vlasov equation. Laser as Maxwell's demon.
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 _ 1 Asia 7 — 7 Europe 1 4 5 Nort d Centrahan l America - 2 2 South America 3 — 3 TOTAL 1 2 6 1 8
Title: WORKSHO COMPUTATION PO ANALYSID NAN NUCLEAF SO R DATA RELEVANO T NUCLEAR ENERG SAFETD YAN Y
Dates Februar0 1 :March 3 1 - y .
Organizers: Dr. D.E. Cullen (Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, USA), Prof. M.K. Menta (Vikram Sarabhai Community Science Centre, Ahmedabad, India), Dr. J.J. Schmidt (International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Vienna, Austria) and with the assistance of Prof. H.R. Dalafi (ICTP) and Prof. L. Fonda (University of Trieste and ICTP, Italy), in co-operation with the Nuclear Data Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA, Vienna, Austria).
Purpose: To familiarize participants with nuclear models and computer codes used in nuclear model calculations relevant to nuclear technology applications.
Lectures: The role of nuclear reaction theory and data in nuclear energy and safety applications. Review of recent progress in nuclear reaction theory and nuclear models. Review of resolve d unresolvean d d neutron resonance d theian sr relationshi o safetpt y related reactivity coefficients. Optical Model calculations — introduction to the theory and use of the SCAT2 code. Revie f opticalo w , statistica d pre-equilibriuan l m models. Statistical Model calculation— s introduction to the theory and use of the ABAREX code. Review of level densities. Pre- equilibrium Model calculations — introduction to the theory and use of the ALICE code. Review of nuclear fission. Multistep compound and multistep direct calculations — introduction to the theory
51 and use of the EXIFON code Multistep compound and multistep direct calculations Review of uncertainties in the results of nuclear model calculations Comprehensive nuclear model calculations — introduction to the theory and use of the GNASH code Review of code intercompansons conducte e OECD/NEA/Datth y b d a Bane computeTh k r code servicee th f o s OECD/NEA/Data Bank Revie intente th f wo , scop contend workshoe ean th f o t p Computer exercises: Introduction to the ICTP computer facilities SCAT2 ABAREX ALICE EXIFON GNASH Visit to: National Laboratories m Legnaro (Italy)
Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 2 2 Asia 3 1 31 Europe 4 1 4 18 North and Central America 4 4 South America 2 2 International Organizations 7 7 TOTAL 3 9 25 6 4
Directors and Lecturers 22 Participants 42 Membe5 r2 states represented International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 127
Title: WORKSHOP AND CONFERENCE ON "GLOBAL CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATDNS FOR ENERGY SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT'
Dates: 21 April - 8 May
Organizers: Professor G sFurla n (Universit f Triesto y d ICTP) an eM KhaA , n (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan) N Nakicenovi, c (International Institutr fo e Applied Systems Analysis, NASA, Laxenburg, Austria) H Rogne H , r (Universit f Victoriao y , Canada) and T A Siddiqi (East-West Center, Honolulu, USA), in collaboration with the International Centr r Sciencfo e n Higa e h Technology (ICS, Trieste- , co Italy d wite an th h) sponsorshi e East-Westh f po t Center e Fridtjo, th NAS d fan A Nansen Institute (Lysaker, Norway)
Purpose o T introduc: e state-of-the-arth e m modellint g techniquer fo s energy/environmental systems to participants from developing countries
Topics: Globa regionad an l l perspective energn so y deman suppld dan y Global chang environmentad ean l consideration developmene th r sfo f energo t y systems Introductory modelling oriented tecmcal lectures
Lectures: Workshop, 21 April - 5 May General definitions Basics of climate modelling Formatio f discussioo n n groups. Modelling CO2's rol climatm e e Linking energ d climatan y e
52 Energy systems: suppl d demandan y . Energy systems d usesen : . Revie f energwo y modelling.
Introductio concepe th o n t f energ o t y chain analysi COo t d 2 DBIIAS e san 2 technolog th , ACO y data bank system. Formulatio applicatiod an n f large-scalno e linear programming energy optimization models with special consideratio f pollutanno t emissions . seasonao t Dail p u y l operation planning of electricit d districan y t heat production systems with mixed integer modelling A revie. f wo tools availabl develoo et linea w mixed pne an r d integer modelling applications discussion session. Energy modellin d planningan n Indiagi . Energy modellin d planningan Chinan gi . Strategieo t s
contro 2 emissionsCO l . Nationa internationad an l l environmental consideration energn i s y policies. Efficient use f energso industryn i y , buildin transportationd gan . Equit yreductionG issueGH n i s . Environmental change and perception of energy system dynamics. Carbon-free technologies. Energy and lifestyle. CO mitigation: model studies for the FRG and the European community.
Safety criteria for nuclear2 power plants. Overview and end-use demand models and example of MEDEE. Experience in US end-use models: data scenario issues. Integrated assessment of transboundary air pollution. Presentation of RAINS: application to Europe. Presentation MARKAL: evolutio n energy/environmena f o n t modelling system. ETSAP network activities. MARKAL: model description. MARKAL: model usage. PC-MARKAL/MUSS: overview; data managemend an t hands-on computer training; analysis of results and hands-on computer training. Computer demonstrations. Conference, 8 May:6- e Conference Goalth f o s . Global energy overview. Energy policy response o climatt s e change: Eastern Europe; Africa; Asia. Norwegian climate n polica n i y international context: challenges and options. Energy policies and climate change: Bangladesh; USA; Brazil; China; Pakistan; Italy energC . OvervieEE ye th polic f wo y respons o climatt e e change. Scientific uncertainty as a challenge to greenhouse policy-makers. Costs of reducing greenhouse gases: preliminary results from a UNEP study. Transport, energy and environment. Greenhouse gases and equity issues.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 8 - 8 - 3 2 Asia 23 5 1 7 Europe 22 North and Central America 1 8 9 South America 2 - 2 International Organizations - 8 8 TOTAL 41 31 7 2
Directors and Lecturers 33 Participants 39 Member states represented 35 International Organizations represented 2 Applications received 169
53 PHYSICS AND ENVIRONMENT
Title: STRUCTUR NON-LINEAD EAN R DYNAMIC EARTE TH HF SO
Dates: Throughout the year.
Organizers: Professors V.l. Keilis-Borok (Russian Academ f Scienceso y , Moscow, Russia) G.Fd an . Panza (Université degli Stud i Triested i , Italy).
Purpose: To understand the physics of the solid earth, including earthquake sources, by modelling wave propagation in three-dimensionally heterogeneous, anelastic and anisotropic y modellinmediab d an ,e nonlinea gth r dynamic f interactino s g lithospheric blocks, witgoae th h l of earthquake prediction.
Research and development projects are divided on these two main lines: - Nonlinear dynamics with application to earthquake prediction (Projects 1, 2); - Structur e Eartth f ho e . (Project5) , 4 , 3 s
. 1 Project "Non-linear Dynamics f o Interacting Blocks". r earthquake basiou Th f o s e prediction work ,possibilitiew withine e frameworf e studo th nth f t r o y se fo s f e ICTPo kth s i , dynamics and structure of solid earth which have been discovered in the last 5-6 years. These possibilitie e adaptatioe baseth ar s n e methodo dth f o n s develope n theoreticai d l physicd an s mathematics, specifically in non-linear dynamics, theory of inversion, and pattern recognition. Our experience in geophysics, when it came its turn, opened a new approach to the important and most difficult part of nonlinear dynamics: the predictability of nonlinear systems with an "intermediate" number of degrees of freedom. Here we model the lithosphere's behavior by using numerical model d differentiaan s l equations; determin e symptomth f o e f instabilito s e th f o y lithosphère and the role of heterogeneous scale processes which control lithosphère dynamics; define the unknown parameters of models by direct and inverse methods using real data. Models of two types are under investigation: dynamics and structure of systems of movable, interacting e multiscalth discs d an , e cellular automata modekinematice th f o developmene l th f o s f crackso t . The models were successfully developed on personal computers with graphic representation of results. Both models can produce data sets of unlimited length, which are similar to earthquake catalogs. These data sets can be used for the evaluation of our recent earthquake prediction algorithms. Preliminary experiments sho e advantagewth f theso s e type f modele studo s th r yfo s of short-term (years) dynamics, that are relevant to the earthquake prediction problem. V.l. Keilis-Borok, I.M. Rotwain, M.B. Schnirman, and I.M. Primakov are leading the research and training in these activities.
. 2 Project "Development f Algorithmso r Earthquakefo Prediction". This projec s basei t n do the synthesis of modelling and phenomenology. Our recent earthquake prediction methods were applied to regions with different types of seismodynamics: the Cocos Plate of Mexico, Southern America, the North Anatolian fault zone, and different parts of Italy. The research was done in collaboration with participants from Mexico, Ecuador and Turkey. The new ideas were applied to e developmenth f earthquako t e prediction algorithms e hierarchicaTh . l time-space structurf o e the zone of strong earthquake preparedness was investigated. Several months before the occurrence of a strong earthquake, local space redistribution of seismicity has been observed near the epicenter. Different ways of parameterizing the effect were tested. The preliminary results indicate the possibility of creating a new, earthquake prediction algorithm, which we hope will give better space localizatio f futureo n , strong earthquakes. Complementaro t y earthquake prediction, we have studied the improvement of methods for the detection of active lineaments, and of the evaluation of mobility of their different segments. This research was done collaboration i n wite Istituthth i Geodesiod aGeofisice Universite th f ao f Triesteo y e methoTh . d provides the definition of active blocks of the Earth and the specification of the possible maximum magnitud r theiefo r earthquakes. I. Rotwain . KuznetsovI , . ShebalinP , . KondratievV , . Ojeda-XaltenoE , . BarisSh ,. LomasE , . J , Garcia, G. Costa, V. Staniskova, A. Sadovsky, F. Vaccari, and G.F. Panza are working on this project.
54 3 Project "Determination f Physicalo Mechanisms f Anelasticityo d Anisotropy"an e th n I e workin physice earthar th e f n parallew o i gs, l with Projec n exaco 4 tt mechanisme th r fo s earth's anelasticity and anisotropy Combined knowledge of these mechanisms of these properties e high-resolutioth d an n mappin n Projeci g , shoul4 t d provid s witu e h importan informatiow ne t n about the physical state of the earth at depth Plane tranverse and compressional waves, propagatin e earthe rockth th f o n s,gi attenuate with distance even though geometrio thern s ei c reaso r thifo ns Model r thifo ss "anelasticity" have been proposed predictivo n t bu , e mechanism s beeha n given Currently e mos, th thi s ti s important theoretical questio e physicth n i f no s elastic wave propagation By extending our treatment of the problem from formal, mathematical methods, inte analoth o g modelling made possibl e e latespoweth th f y o tr b e generatio f o n massively-parallel computers w finishine jusar no t e e developmenw th g, e firsth tf o fullt y predictive mechanis f anelasticitmo r transversfo y e waves Compressional wave e nexn ar so t our schedule The mechanism that explains the earth's large-scale velocity anisotropy is not known Models have been propose t nonbu ds predictivi e e physicTh e f thio s s anisotropic behavio s i quitr e importan e interpretatioth n i tr project'ou f D mappino n 3- s g since this anisotropy appear strongese b o t s jusn i t t those depthe eartth f ho s wit he dealin whicar e hw g By 1992 our work on this mechanism had passed through its initial stages, indicating our future research directions F Schwab MehlmanR , F Panz G workin e d aar an , thin go s project
4 Project "Three-dimensional Modelling of the Earth's Tectosphere (3DMET)" The permanent goal is the highest resolution possible in the full-scale, three-dimensional mapping of the earth's interio e havW re committed ourselve e developmenth o t se theory th f o t, algorithmsd an , programming that will make possible software tha s capabli t f multimodeo e , multistructure computatio f theoreticao n l seismograms, where three-dimensionally heterogeneous structures e treate ar a routin n i d e manner, anelasticit s treatei y d exactly d anisotropan , s includei y o T d carr t thiou ys high resolution mapping e entirprojecth r efo tearth e firsw , t nee a sufficientld y large, international group of researchers committed to the goals of our project and permanently interested in improving 3-D structural knowledge Second, we need the access, and network connection e massively-paralleth o t s l computers with whic e finath h l mappine b g o t step e ar s carried out This has now been provided for by our efforts at ICTP and UCLA This leaves the necessary theoretical, algorithmic d programminan , g development e project'th r fo s s specialized software We first designed a very complete, detailed program outline, by the end of 1992, essentially all of the component parts of the full-scale program existed, and we had begun combining them and carrying out the initial, pilot-application testing on the region from Adelaide, Australia, north over the pole, as far as Southern Europe The first lesson learned was that constructin e initiath g l dat eartD a 3- set hr fo sstructure e mossth wilte b difficull t r aspecou f o t mapping work F Schwab, R Mehlman, F Romanelli, J Frez, J Acosta, and X X Chen are working on this project
5 Project "Physical Instability of Megacities (PIOM)" With our project results for the highest possibl e structurD resolutioe 3- earth th d seismie f th an o ,e f o nc sources, practical application e highesth f o s t importance become possible Ther s i firse epossibilit th t f o y immediate global reduction of loss of human life and property damage caused by earthquakes Also, we can make use of these new procedures for efficient forward modelling of signals, which can be used effectively with wavelet analysis in the exploration for natural deposits e specifiTh c purpos theoreticae th s i e l computatio f highlo n y detailed, local ground motiod nan related intensities throughout seismically active region r meanOu s f usino s g this proceduro et reduce loss of life and property damage is by immediate computation of the ground motion associated with destructive earthquakes, at an arbitrarily dense set of sites throughout a given area To map highly accurate seismic ground motion and related intensities in active areas, we therefore need not wait for earthquakes to occur in likely focal regions, and then to be measured t specifia c point f interese surfaceo s th n o t , instead wite knowledgth h f accurato e e three- dimensional structure d probablan s e source mechanism n immediatelca e w s y compute seismogram l siteal f o interest s a e sstructura Th t l database d hencan , e theoretical
55 seismograms, can then be updated continuously by comparison with incoming, new experimental data s initiaA . l pilot project r thi fo r sefforts ou e par startef w o st d witD anelasti2- h c structures in the Rome and Mexico City areas. The results obtained through the end of 1992 indicate that the theoretically predicted damage distribution from our numerical modelling fits the observed distributions quite well. Also within our project, we are developing the seismic hazard definition in the Straits of Messina. This is for the tunnel crossing there. Based on the methodology described above r wor ou ,s alreadi k n progresi y t TWAS/UNESCOa s , with funding support from Aquater servica , e societ f Ento y e Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI f Italy)o . G.F. Panza, P. Suhadolc, D. Faeh, G. Costa, F. Vaccari, and C. lodice are working on this project.
Relative maith n, 5 o Projectet genera d an 4 s l e researcfocuth f o sr 199 hfo s bee 2ha o t n continu e developmenth e comprehensivea f o t , large-scale program that will kee e worth pt a k ICTlevea t Pa l competitiv p internationaeto wite f 199hth o d 2en l researce r th field ou y B .n i h we had available both the most powerful of SIMD and MIMD, massively-parallel hardware for our projects; respectively e modeth , l CM- d CM-2an 5 Connection Machiness AngeleLo e sTh . investigators gave two months of 1992 to intensive study of what the Task Group members could expect from our software as hardware developments take us to teraFLOPS computing speed toward the end of this decade.
Training activities:
1. ICTP Workshops. In alternate years, we hold an ICTP Workshop on propagation of seismic waves in 3-D media, and on nonlinear dynamics and intermediate-term earthquake prediction. Each year these are attended by about 40 students who are mostly from developing countries and, more recently, from European countries with formerly, centrally planned economies, supported within the framework of the Central European Initiative by an ad-hoc support from the Italian Foreign Office. These Workshops are organized at ICTP in cooperation with the University of Trieste and the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. The research and development projects described above have been discusse e ICTth Pt a d Workshop n 1983i s , 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 and 1992, and at ICTP co-sponsored workshops in Lima (1986) and Caracas (1991).
. 2 ICTP Trainees expose W . r Trainee eou mose th to st recent development seismologican i s l theory and computer science, thus allowing them to skip many avenues of investigation that have proven unsuccessfu developen i l d countries . Ojeda-XaltenoE . . BarisSh ,. LomasE , . GarciaJ , . J , Acosta, X.X. Chen as Trainees, and J. Frez and M. Tilahun as Associates are working on projects 1-4.
The centers of our ICTP Task Group that are in developed countries are devoted to the training and research of Third World scientists. The first Task Group visitors at our Los Angeles center wer residencn ei n 1992ei : Professor . FrezsJ . AcostJ , f Ensenadaao , Mexico X.Xd an , . Chef no Fuzhou, China. Under our policy of attempting to balance external- and ICTP-training and research, Professor Chen wilinvitee b l o ICTdt 1993n Pi .
Collaborations:
1. ICTP Task Group. In response to a Centre proposal: "Three-dimensional modelling of the earth's lithosphere/asthenosphere (tectosphere), and of seismic sources, in selected regions", International Lithosphère Program's (ILP) Task Group II-4 was formed, principally of scientists from developing countries, to carry out the work under ILP Theme II: "Contemporary Dynamics d Deean p Processes". More recently e ICTth , P Task Group joine e prograth d m "Physical Instabilit f Megacitieso y " develope ICSe th Uy d b Specia l Committe IDNDRe th r efo . Owing to the size of this Task Group — more than 30 local centers and approximately 140 researchers actively engage greas a worit n — kdi t amoun f timefford o t ean s require i t s it r dfo organizatio d administrationnan highlA . y detailed Bulleti publishes ni d periodicall Group'e th y b y s editoria s AngeleLo l e officth s t centera e "Preliminare Th . y Issue s distributewa " Junn i d e 1991,
56 and was devoted to the permanent, three-dimensional mapping aspects of our activities; "Issue distributes wa No" 1 . Februarn di y 1992 contained ,an completda e descriptio IDNDe th d f no Ran our efforts within the Decade.
Under ICTP direction and partial support, we have scheduled a series of regional meetings to handle the questions of regional planning. Our China-India-Pakistan-Western Pacific regional meetin s fundei g plannedd dan t i wil; l take plac n Septembei e rr loca199ou t l 3a cente n i r Chengdu, China.
. 2 ICTP Affiliated Centres r firstOu . , Task-Group, ICTP Affiliated Centr s establishewa e t da the Chengdu College of Geology, Chengdu, China, in 1992.
3. ICTP Federated Institutions. Our Task-Group center at the Centro de Investigaciôn Cientîfic Educaciôe d ay n Superio Ensenadae d r , Mexico, bega federatioe nth n proces 1992n si o T . supplement local suppor s Tasit f ko t Group work, this local center submitte a successfud l proposa e Mexicath o t l n funding agency CENAPRED s beeha nd awardean , d about $40,00r 0fo 1992-1993.
4. IDNDR/ICSU project "Intermediate-Term Earthquake Prediction" includes participants from e projece goal creatioe th countries2 th th e Networ1 f f o th s o i tf no e f Regionao kOn . l Analysis Centers for monitoring of earthquake prediction.
Project reports:
Although fully organized and detailed 3-D mapping results from the Task Group's local centers t arexpecteno e d before 1994, preliminary results were reporte e 29tth ht a dInternationa l Geological Congres t Kyotoa s , Japan August-Septemben i , r 1992 (Symposiu "Internationa2 mC- l Lithosphère Program"). ILP Project Team II-4. "Three-Dimensional Modelling of the Earth's Tectosphere" presented:
- Organizational results (speaker W.J. Mao, Task Group Secretary and Far East Regional Liaison Officer); - Preliminary project results in China and Rome, Preliminary Structural Results in China and Seismic-Risk Result Romn si e (speaker U.S. Zhu); - Joint Inversio f Seismino Gravimetrid can c Data (speaker H.T. Hsu); - A Study of Body Waves from the Totohe Earthquake in the Tibetan Plateau (speaker H.L. Zhou); - A pilot study of seismic risk in the megacities of Rome and Mexico City, which dealt directly with lateral heterogeneity, performed by our Trieste center; - Bulletin issues for ICTP, 3DMET/PIOM working group: Task-GrouP IL p II-4 Bulletin, "Preliminary Issue", Task-GrouP IL p 11-4 Bulletin,. 1 Issu . eNo
e physicTh s involved d actuaan , l programming r large-scaldetailou f o s e software development — numerical, geophysical, and geological details — will be included in our three- volume Project Monograph. Completed sections for Volume 1 of our ICTP Project Monograph:
- Schwab, F. (1992). Large-scale, multimode/multistructure computations with exact treatmen f aneiasticityo t . Computationa1 . l techniqu r torsionafo e l waves. - Schwab . (1992)F , . Large-scale, multimode/multistructure computations with exact treatmen f aneiasticityo t . AccuracII . y considerations. - Schwab . (1992)F , . Mechanis f aneiasticitymo . - Schwab . (1992)F , . Mechanis f aneiasticitymo : Singl multipld ean e scattering. - Schwab, F. (1992). Dispersion, and the relation between standing waves and propagating wave anelastin si c media.
57 Partially completed section r ICTr Volumou sfo Pf o Projece1 t Monograph:
- Schwab Mehlmand an . F ,. (1992) R , . Mechanis f anelasticitymo : Analog modelling. - Romanelli, F. (1992). Seismic waves in spheroidal, three-dimensionally heterogeneous models of the earth, Laurea thesis, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Trieste.
Other publications that have resulted fro activite e projecmth th f o yt are:
Silen , PanzJ. y a G.F Campud .an s P.,1992. Waveform inversio r poinnfo t source moment tensor retrieval with optimization of hypocentral depth and structural model. Geophys. J. Int., 108, 259-274.
Panza, ProzorovF. . G , , A.G d Pazzi an , .1992 G. , . Extensio f globano l creepex definition (MS-mb) to local studies (Md-ML): the case of the Italian region. Terra Nova, in press.
Suhadolc , Marson P. ,d Panza an I , , G.F., 1992. Crus d uppean t r mantle structural properties alon active gth e Tyrrhenian rim. Mem. Soc. Geol. It. pressn i , . lodice , FaehC. ,, SuhadolcD. , Panzad an . P ,, G.F. 1992 metodn .U o generat zonaziona l r epe e sismica immediata ed accurata di grandi metropoli: applicazione alla città di Roma. Atti Acad. Naz. Lincei, 3, 195-217.
Vaccari, F. and Panza, G.F. 1992. Vp/Vs estimation in south-western Europe from P-wave tomograph d sufacan y e wave tomography analysis. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. press,n i .
Costa , PanzaG. , , G.F., Suhadolc d Vaccarian . . P (1992),F , . Zonine Italiath f no g region with synthetic seismograms computed with known structura d sourcan l e information. Proc. 10th WCEE, July 1992, Madrid, Balkema, 435-438.
Mao, W.J., Panza, G.F Suhadolcd an . . (1992)P , . Linearized waveform inversio f locano nead an lr regional events for source mechanism and time-space rupturing process. Geophysics Journal Int., in press.
Costa , PanzG. , a G.F d I.Man . . Rotwain, (1992). Stabilit f premonitoro y y patter n d Itali n an y feasibilit f intermediate-tero y m earthquake prediction. Phys Earth Planet. Int. n ,pressi .
Costa, G., Panza G.F. and I.M. Rotwain, (1992). Time of increased probability for earthquakes with M>5. n Centrai 6 l Italy. Proc. Int. Conferenc n Earthquako e e prediction: State-of-the-art, Strasbourg 1991 n press,i .
Mohan, G., Rai, S.S. and Panza, G.F., (1992). Seismic heterogeneities in the Indian lithosphère. Phys Earth Planet. Int., 73, 189-198.
Blanter, E.M. and Schnirman, M.G. (1992). Multifractal approach at the problem of clastering of epicenters, Computational Seismology, 25, 62-71.
Rotwain, I.M., Primakov, I.M d Schnirma.an n M.G. (1992). Dissipatio e energe th th f n o ni y structur f movableo e elements, Acad f Sei.o . pressn ,i .
Genuk, Yr.V d Schnirmanan . , M.G. (1992) e dimensionaOn . l syste f cellulamo r automata s a e e seismoactivmodeth f o l e fault, Computational Seismology pressn i , 26 .,
Rotwain, I.M d Girardin.an . (1992)N , . Diagnosi e tim f th increaseo ef o s d probabilitf o y earthquake Lessen i 5 5. s r > witAntille hM s arc, Computational Seismology pressn i , 26 .,
Gahalaut, V.K., Kuznetsov, I.V., Kosobokov, V.G. et al. (1992). Application of pattern recognition algorithm in the seismic belts of Indian convergent plate margins - M8 algorithm, Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Earth and Planetary Science, 101 (3).
58 Gahalaut , KuznetsovVK , l , a (1992Rotwam t IV ,e ) M I Applicatio, f pattero n n recognition algorith seismimn i c belt f Indiao s n convergent plate margi algorithmN C n- , Proceedinge th f o s Indian Academ f Scienceso y) (3 1 10 ,
Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Asia 1 _ 1 Europe 1 3 4 Nort Centrad han l America 1 1 2 TOTAL 3 4 7
Title: ICS/ICTP/WMO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON MEDITERRANEAN CYCLONE STUDIES
Dates: 18 - 22 May
Organizers: Professors Du Xmgyuan (World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland) and G Furlan (University of Trieste and ICTP)
Purpose: Scientific updating and strengthening of proposals for the collaborative creation of large-scal meso-scald ean e data bases
Topics: General aspects of cyclones and atmospheric activity over the Mediterranean area Relatin f Mediterraneago n cyclone otheo t s r areas situations
Lectures: Fifty years' experienc f weatheo e d climatan r n Mediterraneao e n cyclone studies Towards a systematic catalog of Western Mediterranean cyclones PYREX results on mountain drag measurement and Lee-low formation Atmospheric activity over the Mediterranean from the viewpoint of the planetary boundary layer Sahanan advection accompanying heavy rainfalls over the Algerian coasts The energetics of Mediterranean cyclones Analysis and diagnosis of the development of a Winter Mediterranean cyclone Some appreciable troposphenc circulation features leading to surface cyclogenesis in the central Mediterranean region Possibility of the land relied translatioan f n trajectorie e Mediterraneath f o s n cyclone A cass e e studth f o y deepening process ovee Easterth r n Mediterranean Mediterranean cyclonee Rossbth d yan s waves East Mediterranean cyclogenesis and its connexion with the general circulation A comparative analysi n structuro s f cycloneo e s between Eas e Mediterraneatth Asid aan n Factor separatio n numericai n l simulations High resolution experiments wite INM-LAhth modeP MNW l Developmen d applicatioan t a limite f o n d area numerical model Comparative applicatioe th f o n potential vorticity technique to Atlantic and Mediterranean cyclogenesis The application of ECMWF operational numerical product o Mediterraneat s n cyclones forecasting Analysid an s modelling of a summer case of alpine cyclogenesis Numerical simulation of the development of a winter Mediterranean cyclone under the influence of variable orography and underlying surfaces Cyclone e e MediterraneaSoutth th f o o d ht theis an r a associatese n d weather Relating Mediterranean cyclone o tropicat s l cyclone e Southwesth n i s t Indian Ocean Tropical cyclone paradoxical influence e weatheth n o s r over Zimbabwe Seasonal synoptic pattern f Easo s t Mediterranean disturbances leading to flash floods over Egypt An analysis of the low pressure centre influenc n precipitatioo e n Synoptical analysi evente th f f heavo so s y precipitatioe th n o n Southern Swise slopth f eso AlpMalte Th sa evolutiocyclone th weathee d th ef an n o Romanin i r a
59 Severe weather and cyclogenesis: a Western Mediterranean look. Evolution of Mediterranean cyclones over the Black Sea.
Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 7 — 7 Asia 6 1 7 2 1 Europe 12 24 North and Central America - 1 1 International Organizations - 1 1 TOTAL 2 5 1 5 4 0
Directors and Lecturers 2 Participants 38 Member states represented 25 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 40
Title: WORKSHOP ON TROPICAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND REGIONAL IMPACTS
Dates: 17-21 August.
Organizers: Professors G. Furlan (University of Trieste and ICTP), V. Krishnamurthy (International Institut r Earthfo e , Environmenta d Marinan l e Science d Technologiesan s , HEM, Trieste, Italy) . LegnanR , i (Istituto studil r ope o delle metodologie geofisiche ambientali-CNR, Modena, Italy), A.D. Moura (Insîitut Pesquisae od s Espaciais, INPe Jos o Camposs Sâ é,do , Brazil, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, USA) and J. Shukla (University of Maryland, College Park, USA).
Purpose: Reviewin e state-of-the-arth g f climato t e predictability.
Topics: Special role of tropical regions for climate predictability (the El Nino phenomenon). Assessmen f differeno t t model r long-rangfo s e forecasting.
Lectures: Climate and global change research at HEM. International Research Institute for Climate Prediction. Climate prediction and economical development in tropical countries. Australian operational seasonal forecasting services and supporting research. Changing climate d globaan l change: United State d internationaan s l perspectives. Effect f 30/6o sy oscillatio0da n over tropical South America. Tropical forests and climate. Interannual variability of rainfall in the South American Altiplano and associated mechanisms. Climate monitoring in Northeast Brazil. Variabilit d long-rangan y e forecastin f Indiago n summer monsoon rainfall. Changing predictability of Indian monsoon rainfall anomalies. Seasonal predictability experiments witECMWe hth F model. Predictabilit f seasonao y l averages. Causes, mechanism d predictabilitan s f seasonao y l rainfall variability in sub-Saharan North Africa. Modelling of long-term climate variability. Mechanisms of variabilit d predictabilitan y e tropicath f o y l ocean-atmosphere system s tropicaI . l climate more predictable? Tropical-extratropical interactions and their relevance for tropical
60 predictability. East Asian monsoon variability and relationships with tropical sea surface temperatur simulateM GC e d sensitivit f Indiao y n summer monsoo o Eurasiat n n snow cover Principal modes of atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with global angular momentum fluctuations Sensitivity of numerical predictions in subtropical South America to initial conditions and model resolution The influence on cloud cover on tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature simulations Seasonal and interannual signals of SST and thermal profiles in the tropical Atlantic OGCgiven a y nb M Monsoo ENSe th d Onan Round-table Discussion on ENSO application centers
Summarize e dparticipatio th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 4 — 4 Asia 5 5 Europe - 10 10 Indonesia and Oceania - 1 1 NortCentrad han - l America 9 9 South America 7 _ 7 TOTAL 1 6 20 36
Directors and Lecturers 5 Participants 31 Member states represented 17 Applications received 43
Title: SCHOOL ON PHYSICAL METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF THE UPPER AND LOWER ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM
Dates: 26 October - 6 November
Organizers: Professor L Chani M s n (CNRS Service d'aéronomie, Pans, M FranceS d an ) Radicella (Programa Naciona e Radiopropagaciond l , PRONARP, Buenos Aires, Argentinad an , ICTP) In cooperation with the International Institute for Earth, Environmental and Marine Sciences and Technologies (HEM, Trieste, Italy), and with the financial support from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Scientific Committe n Solaeo r Terrestrial Physic f ICSo s U (SCOSTEP), the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the French Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale Italiae th d n an sIstitut o Nazional i Geofisiced a
Purpose trao T : m scientists from developin f datao g e countrie, us obtaine e th n si y mean db s of ground-based and spacecraft techniques, for the study of the upper and lower atmosphere and their coupling
Lectures: Time series analysi f atmospherio s c data Quality contro f atmospherio l c ozone data Atmospheric coupling mechanisms Middl d uppean e r atmosphere satellite, rocked an t balloon measurements techniques Middle and upper atmosphere optical ground measurements techniques Ionospheric measurements techniques Ionospheric models and its use in telecommunications Magnetospheric measurements techniques lonosphere-magnetosphere coupling
Workshop Activities: Time variability at different time scales of precipitation, surface temperatur stratospherid ean c ozone Coordinate analysi f satellito s ground an e d based datr afo
61 lowe d uppean r r atmosphere coupling f ionospherio studie e Us s c data basi d modelan s r fo s telecommunications
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 15 15 Asia 18 18 Europe 10 9 19 Nort Centrad han l America 6 1 7 South America 15 15 International Organizations 1 1 TOTAL 59 16 75
Directors and Lecturers 1 1 Participants 64 Member states represented 35 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 1 63
Title: SECOND AUTUMN WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL ECOLOGY
Dates: 2-20 November
Organizers: Professors LJ Gross (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA), T G Hallam (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA), S A Levin (Princeton University, USA) and G Vidossich (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy)
Purpose: To deal in depth with applications of mathematics to certain problems in the ecological and environmental sciences
Topics: Resource management and conservation biology Environmental qualit ecotoxicologd an y y Epidemiology
Lectures: Water quality and governmental regulation issues Risk assessment measures in conservation biology Modelling water-sediment interactions Individual-based approachem s ecological risk assessment Conceptual issue n biologicai s l diversity Computer-based risk assessmen d higan ht toolw frequencLo s y oscillation thren i s e dimensional food chain systems Decision theory and extinction risk The role of the biosphere m climate change — questions and rationales African elephants and the ivory trade the importance of social structure in determining population viability e datUsinth al al gmoder n approache o interpretint s g fisheries date probleTh a f mscalo e Global climate modelling Biospheric component f earto s h system models with emphasi soiln o s s processes Landscape-scale models Competitio cooperatiod nan n ia marinn e fishery applying ecological principal a bioeconomi m s c analysis Population modelling the zebra mussel in North America Tick population modelling at the ICIPE Computer- informational system ban f ecophysiologicao k l plant model threA s e age-groups mode r HIVfo l - AIDS epidemi Ugandan (i c ) Rocket scientists hav t easei y Infectious disease conservatiod an s n biology nnderspest in the Serengeti and brucellosis in Yellowstone Modelling response functions and data analysis Distributed lags in discrete dynamical systems Island biogeography revisited
62 growte Th h mode. persicuH f o l m populatio Mosouwan ni n Deser f Zhungeeo t r Basin. Modelr sfo animal movement of a home range. Persistence and evolutionary dynamics in fluctuating, spatially structured populations. An introduction to AIDS modelling. Thermodynamic ideas in ecology. Epidemic modelling. Software for teaching and doing research in ecology. The threshold between persistence and extinction of populations invaded by toxicant and some open problems. Risk analysi n agriculturei s . Structured dynamical model f foreso s t stand dynamic n differeni s t time scales unifieA . d approac modeo ht l social dynamic paid san r formation with applicationo st epidemiology. Model r wildlifesfo : individual-base landscapo dt e approaches. Simulation modelling system for aquatic bodies. Global climatic changes and some consequences for Russia. Resource management base n riso dk analysis. Dynamical system n biologyi s : Lyapunov functiond an s information. Chanc d chaoan e n measlei s s dynamics. Natural selectio diploia n i n s dit hosd an t viral pathogen. A new strategy for preventing measles epidemics. RO for models of sexually transmitted diseases that take long-lasting partner relations into account. Discrete effectn i s continuous ecological models. Method r estimatinfo s g mixing/pair formation matrices. Plant life history theor d populatioan y n dynamics e cumulativTh . e formulatio f structureo n d population dynamics. The saturating contact rate for marriage and epidemic models. Environmental variatio d speciean n s richness n example a a mode: d an l . Stability problem n chemostai s t equations with delayed nutrient recycling. A qualitative analysis of chemostat equations with (or without) delay nutrient recycling. Models in plant biology: from physiology to landscape scale. Simulation models for risk management. Stability and persistence in models with dispersion. Natural selectiodynamie th d an nc coexistenc f defectivo e complementind an e g virus segments. Energy partitioning model conservatiod an s n practice. Seasonal component f transmissioo s a n ni free-living host-parasite system. Fish population n floodei s d regions. Life spa f irradiateo n d mammals — mathematical modelling. Bifurcative analysis of predator-prey population models. Do plants adopt optimal reproductive strategies? Models of Chagas' disease. Desertification, causes d possiblan e solutions. Disturbanc dynamice th d ean f tropica o s l forests. Working Groups: Conservation biology assessment: RAMA S- mode l demonstration. Application f RAMASo s . Environmental data from aquatic system n Italyi s . Decision theor extinctiod an y n risk. Ecological risk assessment: Computer tools. Ecological models. Resource management: e SerengetTh i ecosystem: developing simple model r analysifo s f o s resource management alternatives in an African Park. Global change. Epidemiology. Forest/agriculture.
Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 3 _ 13 Asia 24 1 25 Europe 7 30 37 Indonesia and Oceania 1 - 1 Nort d Centrahan l America 4 14 18 South America 7 — 7 TOTAL 5 6 45 1 01
Directors and Lecturers 30 Participants 71 Member states represented 39 Applications received 236
63 Title: WORKSHO THREE-DIMENSIONAN PO L MODELLIN SEISMIF GO C WAVES GENERATION, PROPAGATIO THEID NAN R INVERSION
Dates: 30 November - 11 December.
Organizers: Professors B.G. Bukchin (International Institut f Earthquako e e Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) and G.F. Panza (University of Trieste, Italy), in collaboration with the International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy) and the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics of the University of Trieste.
Purpose stimulato T : e researc sourcn ho e studie f seismio s c event arean i s s thaprone ar t e to strong earthquakes.
Lectures Codg measuremenL — : aQ physicad an t l significance back-projectioA . n technique for Lg Coda Q tomography. Introduction to computer exercises. Seismic source models. Implication r g crustaCodL fo f Q o as l structur d evolutionan e e inversTh . e problee th r mfo seismic source. Synthetic seismogram D medis2 calculationd a an fro D m1 n multimodai s l summation. Seismic ray method for 3-D structures: possibilities and limitations. Finite integral transformation f differeno s e forwarth t n i kind dtheid e seismian sus r c problems frontierw Ne . s for world safety. Some problems of seismic tomography. The spectral-finite difference method for the forward seismic problems for a vertically inhomogeneous half-space and radially- inhomogeneous sphere. Determination of spatio-temporal characteristics of a seismic source from surface waves amplitude spectra. Frequency-time analysis spectrae Th . l finite difference method for the calculation of synthetic seismograms for 2D and 3D models of media. Reconstructio f tectonio n c stress field from seismic observations. Characterizatio f strono n g motion and wave propagation based on Smart-1 data — source and local effects. Numerical investigations of non-ray waves. The method for geophysical exploration based on the interactio f seismio n c waves wite Earth'th h s magnetic field. Ground motion modellinr fo g seismic hazard zoning. Synthetic seismograms wit a hhybri d method: couplin f modo g e summation and finite differences. Computer exercises.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 7 — 7 Asia 14 - 14 Europe 8 33 41 Nort Centrad han l America 3 1 4 TOTAL 3 2 3 4 6 6
Directors and Lecturers 1 1 Participants 55 Member states represented 22 Applications received 196
64 PHYSICS OF THE LIVING STATE
Title: COLLEGE ON NEUROPHYSiCS: "OBJECT RECOGNITION BY MAN AND MACHINE: METHODS AND TEST COGNITIVF SO E NEUROPSYCHOLOG NEURAD YAN L COMPUTATIONS"
Dates: 2-27 March.
Organizers: Professors A. Borsellino (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy) . J Chela-Flore, s (Institute Internaciona e Estudiod l s Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela, and ICTP), J.H. Kaas (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) and O. Siddiqui (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, India).
Purpose: To examine the most influential paradigms that are stimulating brain research today, at the beginning of the "decade of the brain".
Topics: Animal models. Human studies using psycophysics and brain imaging in both normal and brain- damaged individuals. Theoretica neurad an l l network models.
Lectures: The organization of processing systems in the human brain. Basic neuron structure and function. The organization of human somatosensory and motor system. Perception of motion in biological and artificial visual system. The role of the 'environment' in the development and maintenance of neuron systems (networks). The organization of the human visual system in the human brain. Olfactory reception. Primate somatosensory system. Auditory system. Plasticity of adult sensory systems. Digital versus analogue handling of information. Development of sensory systems. Consciousness in modern neuroscience. Attention for location. Cellular mechanism of memory and learning. Plasticity of developing systems. Lateral masking — attentive obscurément hippocampuse Th . modea : studo t l y plasticity during development. Central representatio f o odoursn . Task-determined visual strategies. Parallel processing model, architectures and technologies. Artificial visual perception — problems and applications. Introduction to natural language processing. A view of natural language-based human machine interaction. Object recognitio f motoo n r system. Locatio f objecto n n spaci s f motoo e r system. Blind sight. A traditional view of brain-language relations. Hemispheric differences: neural basis. Psycholinguistic challenge e traditionath o t s l viewe theoreticaTh . l relevanc f aphasio e e syndromes. The language structure and the language acquisition. PET technology and experimental applications. Clinical usefulness of PET. Neuropsychological correlates of speech d learninan g disorders. Extroversion, introversio e Muller-Lyeth d an n r illusion. Neural information processing. Associative memorie n neurai s l networks. Neurotransmitter mechanism of primary visua le frog relath f . o yTheoretica statesG l EE analysi .e th Makin f o s g f senso t eou words and faces — an event-related potential study. Machine face recognition. Navigation with learning. Networ r invarianfo k t recognition.
Summarize e participatiod th dat n o a n (Numbe f o scientistr y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 6 _ 6 Asia 13 1 14 Europe 6 22 28 North and Central America 4 5 9 South America 1 0 - 1 0 TOTAL 3 9 28 6 7
65 Directors and Lecturers 22 Participants 45 Membe0 r3 states represented Applications received 159
Title: COLLEG MEDICAN EO L PHYSICS IMAGIN RADIATIOD GAN N PROTECTION
Dates Augus 1 Septembe8 3 : 1 - t r
Organizers: Professors AM Bemni (International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, Vienna, Austria), R Cesareo (Université "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy), J Chela-Flores (ICTP), H A Farach (University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA) and S Mascarenhas (Umversidade de Sâo Paulo, Säo Carlos, Brazil)
Purpose: To be a follow-up to the previous activities in medical physics organized at the ICTP in 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988 and 1990
Topics: Imaging methods and techniques Radiation protection
Lectures e programmTh : e Commissioth f eo Europeae th f no n Communities (CEC e IAE)Th A programm o radiatiot e approacC Th eCE n f o protectioh d imagan n e qualit diagnostim y c radiology. Radiation detectors and electronics Radiation protection principles and practice (with video presentation) Interactio f o radiation n with matter PrincipleR PhysicES f f o o ss radiological imaging Principle f X-rao s y tomography Fundamental f radiatioo s n dosimetry Dosimetnc technique instrumentatioand s n Medical radiation exposure Useapplicationand s of s X-ray tubes Dosimetnc instrumentation and TLDS Radiation detectors and related electronics Personnel dosimetry Mmitomographic unit Quantitative analysis of diagnostic imaging Quality control measurements m diagnostic radiology Tests on radiological equipment, LEEDS Test, grid characteristics Minimum requirement f qualito s y control programme n developini s g countries ESR dosimetry Quality control measurements m CT units Physical principles of ultrasound diagnostic equipment Quality control of ultrasound equipment Introduction to NMR spectroscopy Low exposure risk or not Principles of reconstruction methods Principles of NMR Clinical R PhysicaresultNM f o s l principle f biomagnetiso s m Radiation protectio d qualitan n y assurance in diagnostic radiology Maintenance problems in X-ray diagnostic equipment Introduction to patient dose reductio n diagnostii n c radiology Overvie f radiologicawo l accidents Planninf o g radiological departments Organizatio f radiationo n protectio hospitalm n e applicatioTh s e th f o n Monte Carlo method m medicine Screen characteristics in diagnostic radiology Nuclear medicine equipment Radiation protection and quality assurance in nuclear medicine Occupational exposure The programme of WHO Adequate radiological equipment for developing countries Quality control in mammography Image quality criteria status of the CEC project New ICRPs recommendations The International Chernobyl Project Practical Sessions: Radiation detector d relatean s d electronics Mmitomographic unit Use d applicationan s f X-rao s y tubes Dosimetnc instrumentatio spectrometrd TLDR an nNM S y Software for image reconstruction Use of Matrox Card Radiation protection and quality control of X-ray equipment Testin f ultrasoungo d equipmen Hospitae th visid o an t tt l Projection of films on radiation protection with discussion Round table discussion on the situation of medical physics m developing countries and presentations by participants Working Sessions: Image quality criteria Patient dose reduction
66 Summarize e participatiod th dat n o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 8 — 8 Asia 20 - 20 Europe 16 19 35 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 - 1 Nort Centrad han l America 2 3 5 South America 15 - 15 International Organizations - 5 5 TOTAL 6 2 27 89
Director d Lectureran s s 27 Participants 62 Member states represented 41 International Organizations represented 3 Applications received 261
Title: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENC APPLICATIONN EO PHYSICF SO MEDICINSN I D EAN BIOLOGY ADVANCED DETECTORS FOR MEDICAL IMAGING
Septembe5 Dates2 - 1 2 : r
Organizing Committee: Professor P sBax a (Universit f Triesteo y , Italy)M Benm A , i (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria), L Bertocchi (ICTP), J R Cameron (Universit f Wisconsino y , Madison, USA) E Castell, i (Universit f Triesteo y , Italy) J ,Chela - Flores (Institute Internaciona e Estudiod l s Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela d ICTP)e d an , F , Guarrmi (Unite Sanitaria Locale, Trieste, Italy), A Del Guella (University of Ferrara, Italy), M Giorgi (Universit f Pisao y , Italy) R Long, o (Ospedal i Cattmarad e , Trieste, Italy) I ,Ortall i (Universit f Parmao y ,A Stefanin Italyd an ) i (Universit f Pisao y , Italy) Scientific Advisory Committee B BrilA : l (Universit f o Massachusetty s Medical Center, Worcester, USA) L Dall, a Palma (Universit f Triesteo y , Italy) G Fulierto, n (University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA), C A Mistretta (University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA) N Molh, o (Universit f Milano y , Italy) G Moschin, i (Universit f Paduao y , Italy), M Regler (Osterreichische Akademi s Wissenschaftende e , Vienna, Austria) F Saul, i (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) and A Todd-Pokropek (University College, London, UK) Sponsors Associazione italiana dl fisica biomedica (AIFB), European Federation of Organization r Medicafo s l Physics (EFOMP), Societa italian i fisicd a a (SIF), Third World Association of Medical Physics (TWAMP) and Universita degh Studi di Trieste
Purpose: To provide the participants with the basic knowledge and technology of the more recent detectors in medical physics and to give a thorough description of their applications in medical imaging
Topics: Gaseous detectors Semiconductor detectors Organic and inorganic detectors Superconducting detectors R NM d an Detector R EP r sfo
67 Electronic datd an sa acquisition. Parallel processor d neuraan s l network imagn i s e processing. Detector r X-rayfo s s from synchrotron radiation sources.
Lectures: Fundamental f semiconductoo s r detector n medicai d theie an sus r l imaging. Fundamental and future trends of detectors for EPR. X-ray projector for digital radiology: the state-of-the-art of new X-ray sources. Application of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) and microstrip gaseous detectors in medical imaging. Thin-film flat panel imagers — a coming revolution in megavoltage and diagnostic X-ray imaging. Comparative use of gaseous detectors and semiconductors in medical imaging. Neural networks in medical physics. SQUID-detectors: a unique tool for functional studies in the brain. Improvement of detector performance by preprocessing techniques: scatter correction. X-ray imaging with photostimulable storage phosphors and future trends. High rate X-ray gaseous detectors. Silicon detectors in digital radiology with synchrotron radiation. Biological applicatio f X-rao n y microscopy e medicaTh . l programme at the European synchrotron radiation facility. Detectors for synchrotron based coronary angiography. A multinanode gas detector for noninvasive coronary angiography. 2D and 3D imaging with integrated detectors using VLSI technology. High pressure gas avalanche chambers for medical radiology. Large area solid state X-ray imagers. 2D and 3D graphical methods — applications in medical imaging. Application and development of CdTe and CdZnTe in medical imaging. Fundamental and future trends for detectors for MR imaging and spectroscopy. Advanced piezo- and piroelectric ceramic detectors. Contributed papers and posters. Working sessions. Awarding of the Giorgio Alberi Prize.
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 13 13 Asia 24 1 25 Europe 15 66 81 Indonesia and Oceania 1 1 North and Central America 2 1 0 12 South America 1 5 1 5 International Organizations _ •] 1 TOTAL 70 78 1 48
Directors and Lecturers 31 Participants 1 1 7 Membe8 r4 states represented International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 244
68 Title: COLLEGE ON METHODSAND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOPHYSICS
Dates Septembe8 2 : October3 2 - r .
Organizers: Professors H.A. Farach (Universit f Souto y h Carolina, Columbia, USA). ,S Mascarenhas (Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Säo Carlos, Brazil), J.N. Onuchic (University of California, San Diego, USA) and J. Chela-Flores (Instituto Internacional de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela, and 1CTP).
Purpose: To present and discuss methods and experimental techniques in biophysics as well as their applications.
Topics: Spectroscopic techniques (optical, magnetic, photoacoustica others)d an l . Structural method d techniquean s s (X-ray diffraction, small angle scattering- X , ray fluorescence others)d an R . TunnelinNM , g microscopy. Protein dynamics, foldin d biologicaan g l electron-transfer reaction. Chirality in biogenesis.
Lectures e firs0 year1 Th f t: o biophysics t a ICTPs . Protein folding. Protein crystallography. Optical techniques: Raman, IR, dichroism. Magnetic techniques. The photosynthetic bacterial reaction center: structure and dynamics. Molecular dynamics on water at different temperatures. Electron transfer. Bioelectrets and water. Water structure around macromolecules. Unified view from atoms to fluids. Magnetic techniques and biological molecules in photosynthesis. Proton transfer; protein-water interactions. Protein dynamics. 2D-NMn i R protein structure. Monte Carlo methods in biology. Electron transfer. Mirror symmetry breaking, origin of biochirality and prebiotic evolution. Subviral pathogens of plants and animals: the viroids and viroid-like satellite RNAs. Genetics, evolution and the origin of life. Fundamental symmetry aspects of molecular chirality. Subviral pathogens of plants and animals: the prions. Poster session and discussion. Round table on instrumentation and techniques in the Third World.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 7 7 7 2 Asia 27 Europe 1 2 1 2 24 Indonesia and Oceania 1 1 North and Central America - 8 8 South America 1 4 14 TOTAL 6 1 20 81
Directors and Lecturers 14 Participants 67 Member states represented 40 Applications received 192
69 APPLIED PHYSICS
Title: LAMP (Laser, Atomi Moleculad an c r Physics) SEMINARS
Dates: throughou yeare th t .
Organizer: Professo . DenardG r o (ICTP).
Purpose o organizT : e researc d traininan h g activitie n theoreticai s d experimentaan l l physics of lasers, spectroscopy and optical fibres.
At present e researcth , h activitn problemo s i y f quantuo s m correction o classicat s d an l semiclassical theory of lasers. The quantum fluctuations of laser systems are investigated by using the method of Feynman diagrams loop expansion, which is equivalent to an expansion in powers of ~ïï of the action. Corrections up to one loop approximation to the linewidth, output powe phasd quantue an rth eo t diffusio me du natur s na f laseeo r light have been evaluatea r dfo single mode homogeneously broadened laser. e researcTh h lin s addressei e d e mainlinvestigatioth o t y f internao n l quantum noisn i e macroscopically confined electromagnetic fields: competition of internal and external noise in lasers, traps, micromasers. The method is based on a perturbation theory in powers of ~ïï applied to an effective classical or semiclassical Lagrangian for laser-like systems. The aim is to distinguish the external and internal noise in lasers so as to eventually produce formulae giving an estimate of the total and internal noise for different classes of lasers.
Publications: A.A. Bakasov and G. Denardo, Method of Successive Quantum Corrections for Quantum Optics, IC/91/392. A.A. Bakasov and G. Denardo, Quantum Corrections to Semi-Classical Laser Theory, Physics 7 Letter(199216 A )s 37-48.
Seminars: A system of two-level atoms interacting with a phase conjugate mirror. Code division multiple access in fiberoptic communication systems. Solutions of the 2-d Helmholtz equation for optical waveguides: semi-analytical and numerical variational approaches. Direct carbidation of titanium and related phenomena. Laser-atom interactions in intense field. Molecular dynamics simulation of electronically excited polyatomic molecules. A new strategy for CI calculations. Observation of the squeezed light and quantum description at the macroscopic body movement e infrareTh . d absorbtion spectru d localizeman d mode f polymerso s . Dipole squeezin e two-phototh n i g n Jaynes-Cummings model with superposition state preparationn O . deep squeezin f cohereno g t ligh n Jaynes-Cummingi t s model. FR-I d lasean R r Raman spectroscopic studie f adsorptioo s f bypyridylo n t silicata s e surfaces. Laser actio y atomib n c coherencies. Optical fibre-sensors — technology of the future. Quantum amplification of light.
The Seminars were held by scientists visiting ICTP under different schemes and participating in other activities.
Title: THIRD TRAINING COLLEGE ON PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF LASERS AND OPTICAL FIBRES
Dates: 27 January - 21 February.
Organizers: Professors G.S. Agarwal (University of Hyderabad, India), C. Dainty (Imperial College, London, UK) . DegiorgiV , o (Universit f Parmao y , Italy), Prof . DenardG . o (ICTd Pan International Centre for Science and High Technology, ICS, Trieste, Italy) and C. Someda
70 (University of Padua, Italy), with the co-sponsorship of the International Centre for Science and High Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy).
Purpose: To introduce the participants to the theory, technology and practical aspects in the us f modereo n lasers, optical fibre optoelectronid an s c devices.
Topics: Lasers: Basic laser physics; Physics and technology of gas, solid state and dye lasers; Laser spectroscopy; Nonlinear optics: physic d materialsan s ; Holography and optical interferometry processing. Optical communications: Physics, technolog d characterizatioan y f opticano l fibres; Active and passive components; Active and passive nonlinear waveguides; Fibre sensors.
Lectures: Fundamental f laserso s . Laser beam d resonatorsan s . Application f ligho s t scattering. CO2 laser physics. Solid state lasers. UV lasers. Holography and Fourier optics. Principle f lasingo s e lasersDy . . Optical data storag d opticaan e l computing. Nonlinear optics. Application f solio s d state laser n sciencei s , technolog d medicinean y . Propagatio n opticai n l waveguides. Materials for nonlinear optics. New tunable solid state lasers. Semiconductor lasers. Fundamentals of fibre characterization. Fibre characterizations. Detectors and receivers. Modulator switchesd an s . Fibre amplifier lasersd an s . Cables, connector passivd an s e component. Optical communication systems. Nonlinear propagatio d solitonan n n opticai s l fibres. Fibre technolog d characterizationan y . Demonstrations on light scattering. Laboratory sessions.
Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 13 — 13 Asia 31 1 32 Europe 14 33 47 North and Central America 5 2 7 South America 7 - 7 International Organizations - 1 1 TOTAL 7 0 3 7 1 07
Directors and Lecturers 31 Participants 76 Member states represented 45 International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 493
71 Title: COMPUTER NETWORK PROJECT
Dates MarcApril0 6 3 1 : .h-
Organizers: Professor . LiellF s o (Italian National Institut f Nucleaeo r Physics, INFN, Trieste Section) and A. Nobile (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA and ICTP, Trieste).
Purpose: To introduce the participants to the practical problems of designing and administering wide area computer network r academisfo c use.
Lectures: OSI physical layer; transmission media. Telephone network. Error control, MNP protocols. Moderns. Synchronous and asynchronous links. Interface standards. Computer networking through radio/wireless networks (multiple access). Operational procedures. Network e future th technologyM f o AT s: , wideband networks etc. Architecture w levelsLo . , CNLS. Special problems with satellite channels. Addressing. VSAT d theian Sr application i n computer networking. Experiences in Brazil: from bitnet to internet. HEPNET. Routing. DECNET phas transitioneV . X.25. Ethernet. Overvie f TCP/IPwo levelsw Lo , .ICMP IP : , TCP etcP ,.UD RIPE. IP security. Mail. High levels (FTP, telnet etc.). DNS. High levels (programming). Dialup IP. cosw Lo t communications. Cooperative computing. SNMP. INRIA Copernicus (EAR TCP-IP)n No . Polish national network 500X . . User services. Security issues. Fidone d othean t r low-cos- PC t based solutions. Internet. Case study in net.man: Internet experience. DEC networking solutions. EUNET E protocolsNJ . ; EARN. UUCP e newTh . s system. Internetworking solutions. Internationalization (character sets). Laboratory exercises.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 7 7 Asia 6 6 Europe 39 22 61 North and Central America - 2 2 South America 6 - 6 International Organizations - 4 4 8 2 8 5 TOTAL 86
7 2 Director d Lectureran s s 9 5 Participants Membe4 r2 states represented International Organizations represente3 d Applications received 1 82
72 Title: SECOND COLLEG MICROPROCESSOR-BASEN EO D REAL-TIME CONTRO PRINCIPLEL— S AND APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICS
Dates: 5-30 October.
Organizer: Professo . VerkerC r k (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) n co-operatioi , n wite th h International Institut r Higefo h Technolog Materialw Ne d san y (IITM, Trieste, Italywitd e an hth ) sponsorshi f Direzionpo e General Cooperaziona l r epe e allo Sviluppo (Ministr f Foreigo y n Affairs, Rome Unitee ,th Italyd d an )Nation s University (Tokyo, Japan).
Purpose: To teach how to make use of the facilities a real-time operating system (or a real- time kernel) offers when designing and implementing computer control of experiments.
Topics: C programming language. OS-9 operating system. Structured design methods.
Lectures: Course overview. Recall of 6809, Rosy. C language — basics. Practical OS-9. Operating system principles. ICTP-Colombo Board. Software design. Fully piplined an d programmable level 1 trigger. Introduction to Multiboard. Introduction to projects. UNIX and LynXOS. Practical networks. Distributed computing. Principles of telephony. Case study — small switching systems. Discussion of ICTP Board exercises solutions. Advanced features of C language. PC-based systems. Case stud desigy— implementatiod nan generaa f no l purposC eP based data acquistion system. Case stud distribute— y d real time systems. Case n studa — y inexpensive implementatio r Real-Timnfo e Control. Wrap-up. Presentations by participants. Laboratory exercises.
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
- 8 Africa 8 Asia 27 27 5 6 Europe 1 1 1 Nort d Centrahan 1 l America 2 - 2 1 South America 12 5 International Organization - s 5 1 1 4 5 TOTAL 6 5
Directors and Lecturers 1 7 8 4 Participants Membe7 r3 states represented International Organizations represented 3 9 35 Applications received
73 ADRIATICO RESEARCH CONFERENCES
All Adriatico Research Conferences (ARConferences e organizear ) a loca y b dl committee compose f o Professord S sLundqvis t (Chairperson, Chalmers Universit f Technologyo y , Göteborg, Sweden d ICTP)an , CerdeirH , a (Co-chairperson, Universidade Estadua Campinase d l , UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil d ICTP)an , E Tosatt, i (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy, and ICTP), M Tosi (University of Trieste and Scuola Normale Supenore, Pisa, Italy) and Yu Lu (Academia Smica, Beijmg, P R China, and ICTP) The Committee after careful study of proposals selects topics and assigns well-known leading scientist e fiel s th directora de n eventi sth f o prepart o s, e scientifith e c programme th f o e ARConferencsitn o e t i n Usuallru d locaa yan e l member share e directioth s facilitato nt e th e preparatio evene th f no t e ARConferenceth e generaf o Th m ai l o brint s i sg together leading expert differenn i s t fields to presen up-to-date th t e statufielde th f , o sthei r approache conceptsd accessibly an swa a n i ,e also to non-specialists, and to make them interact with the other participants This interaction has been achieved by keeping the number of participants between 50 and 70 (with a few exceptions), whic s beehha n found idea creato t l propee eth r atmosphere
Title: POLARIZATION DYNAMICS IN NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
Dates: 7-10 January
Course Directors: Professors AO Barut (University of Colorado, Boulder, USA), N Paver (Universit f Triesto y d Italiaan e n National Institut f Nucleao e r Physics, INFN, Italy)A , Penzo (INFN, Trieste ,R Raczk Italyd an ) a (Institut f Nucleao e r Studies, Warsaw, Poland), with e co-sponsorshith e Internationath f o p l Centr r Sciencfo e d Higan eh Technology (ICS, Trieste, Italy), Italian National Institut f Nucleao e r Physics (INFN d Internationaan ) l Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies (SISSA, Trieste, Italy)
Topics: Spin effects in hadronic processes (tests of QCD) Polarization effect n particli s e spectroscopy Spin and new physics Polarization phenomen electroweaam k interactions Spin effects in nuclear physics New techniques for polarized beams and targets
Lectures: Theoretical aspects of polarization phenomena in high energy collisions The experiment SMC results and perspectives The quark content of the proton spin Polarized structure functions from pp colliders Measurements of tau polarization at LEP Polarization effects at LEAR Polarization mechanisms for p/pbar beams Polarization phenomena in e e" -> + W+W Extra neutral gauge bosons effects m e+e" -* W+W Helicity effects m e+/e" interactions Spin dependenc f N-Nbao e r forces nuclear evidence Spin effect exclusivm s e charmonium decays Helicit d planaan y r amplitude n pion-nucleoi s n V scatterinSpiGe n 6 t a g effect non-perturbativd an s e dynamics Polarized RHIe FermilaTh C b polarized beam resultd an s plans Spin and symmetries polarization experiments at KEK Spin physics projects at UNK Transverse spin effects Hyperon radiative decay e latesth s t results from Fermilab Experiment E761 Vector di-quarks and the Gottfried sum rule Origin of polarization for inclusive production m pp collisions Spin dynamics of p/pbar storage rings Diffractive model for hyperon polarization Spin measurements in nuclear reactions The parity violating spin effect in NN interaction. Polarized ion sources and gaseous jet targets Polarized gaseous targets and the HERMES Project The HELP Project Experimental aspects of polarized DIS Polarization in e /e' +
74 machines. The proton spin and QCD. Polarimeters for high energy muon beams. JPT, the polarized jet target project at CERN. Sea polarized structure functions and Regge trajectories. EM-strong interference in pp elastic scattering. Scattering of polarized e /e" -» p/pbar. First results on + polarization at LEP. Spin phenomena in binary processes. Coupling functions from polarized pp- scattering e "strangenessTh . e proto th d neutra f o an n" l currents. Helicit d planaan y r amplitudes in pion-nucleon scatterin GeV6 t ga . Recent results with polarized neutron t Saturna s . StrongII e - EW sector and polarized colliders. Tests of T-invariance at COSY. Spin correlation measurements at IUCF. Polarization experiments as quantum measurements. Polarization measurements at Saturne II. High spin structure of large A nuclei. Long/short range components of P-odd NN forces. Overview of high energy spin effects.
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Asia 1 1 2 Europe 9 41 50 North and Central America 8 8 International Organization- s 9 9 TOTAL 1 0 5 9 6 9
Director d Lectureran s s 38 Participants 31 Member states represented 17 International Organizations represented 2 Applications received 1 09
Title: CLUSTERS AND FULLERENES
June6 Dates2 .- 3 2 :
Course Directors: Professor . KumaV s r (Indira Gandhi Centr r Atomifo e c Research, Kalpakkam, India, and ICTP), T.P. Martin (Max-Planck-lnstitut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany . TosattE d an i) (International Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italyd ICTP)an , . In co-sponsorship with Fondazion e Internationath M Italid IB ean a l Schoo r Advancefo l d Studies (SISSA, Trieste, Italy).
Topics: Structur bondingd ean . Shells and supershells. Phase transitions. Magnetic properties. Collective excitations. Reaction clustersn o s . Dynamical propertie f clusterso s . Fullerene theid san r aggregates.
Lectures e fullerenesTh : . Metal clusters. Discover d isolatioan y f o solin d Ceo-
Superconductivity in the A3C6o compounds. Electronic transport and magnetic properties of
75 K3C6o and Rb3C60 in high magnetic fields. Isotope effect and thermomagnetic measurements in
A3C60. Bandgap, exciton d Couloman s b interactio n solii n d C60. Atomic structur f metallio e c clusters of medium size. Fullerenes and functionalized fullerenes: structures and stabilities. Metallo-carbohedrene clasw f ne moleculao s a — s r clusters. Clusters with novel properties.
Smal s differenti l . Theoretical studie f endohedrao s l d dodecahedracomplexean 0 6 C f o s l gas-
phase clathrate f (Ho s0)2o theor n o superconductorsO C - f o y . Coulomb pseudo-potentiad an l 6 screening in Ceo2 - Neutron scattering studies of superconducting and insulating füllendes. Raman scatterin d superconductivitan g n alkali-fullereni y e materials. Photoelectron spectroscopf o y unsupported metal clusters. Spectroscop f size-selecteo y d neutral semiconductor clusters: bulk like spectra see n "moleculai n r size" clusters. Phase d phasan s e equilibria: cluster o bult s k matter. Fluid metale liquid-vapouth n i s r critical region. Supersheil metan i s l clusters. Collective excitation purn i sd impurit ean y doped metal clusters. Tight-binding molecular dynamics studf o y carbon clusters. Fullerenes-surfac d fullerene-fullerenan e e interactions. Evaluatio f lineao nd an r non-linear microscopic s dopepolarizabilitieit d dan specieso Ce f o s. Delayed electron emission from fullerenes. Structural and electronic properties of the C6o/Cu interface and of KxCeo films. Evidence of Jahn-Teller distortion and low energy electronic excitation from FT-Raman scattering in Rb doped C60. Collective electronic excitations in carbon fullerenes. Electron correlations in fullerenes and superconductivity. STM studies of anomalous carbon structures. Magnetic propertie f transitioo s n metal cluster a molecula n i s r beam. Atomi d electronian c c structure of clusters. Ab-initio molecular dynamics studies of fullerenes. Dynamics of clusters and polymers. Structure, dynamics and formation of carbon and aluminum clusters. Electron microscopy stud f graphito y e particles forme n i arc-dischargd e experiments. Soft X-ray photoelectron and photoabsorption studies of Ceo and KXC60. Optical nonlinearity of
Buckminsterfullerene and its derivatives. Geometrical and electronic structure of C6o anions.
Femtosecond time-resolved investigaton f photoexciteo s d state Cn i s 60.
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Asia 7 4 1 1 Europe 14 51 65 North and Central America 1 24 25 TOTAL 2 2 7 9 1 01
Directors and Lecturers 29 Participants 72 Member states represented 27 Applications received 140
Title: WRINKLIN SURFACEF GO NONLINEASN I R SYSTEMS
July4 Dates2 . - 1 2 :
Course Directors: Professor . T Bohs r (Universit f o Copenhageny , Denmark), H.A. Cerdeira (UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil, and ICTP), M.H. Jensen (Nordisk Institut for Teoretisk Atomfysik, NORDITA, Copenhagen, Denmark) and I. Procaccia (The Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot, Israel).
76 In co-sponsorship with NORDITA, NORFA (Nordic Academy for Training of Researchers, Oslo, Norway) and SISSA.
Topics: Wrinkled surfaces in turbulence. Random surface growth. Crumpling transitions (membranes). Flame fronts. Rol f wrinkleeo d surface quantun o s m gravity.
Lectures: Experiment d turbulence2- n i s . Scalar interface d scalaan s r dissipation i n turbulent jets. Time series, wrinkled surfaces and singularities in turbulent flows. Geometric statistics and turbulence. Scaling behaviour of one- and two-dimensional measurements of turbulence. Convective patterns on liquid-liquid interface in a binary mixture. Wrinkling transitio polymerizen ni d membranes growte Th . f rougho h surface presence th n i s f quencheeo d multiplicative noise. Statistical mechanics of randomly charged polymers. Interface dynamics in imbibition. Scale invariant fluctuations and the maximum complexity principle. The butterfly effect and predictability in turbulence. Intermittency in Fourier-Weierstrass analysis of high Re turbulence. An analytic solution to intermittency corrections in the shell model. Understanding glassy directed polymers through stochastic surface dynamics. Fluid displacemen n poroui t s media. Surface roughenin flamn i g e propagatio d crysta modelS an n- K d ld n i growthsan Z KP : dimensions. Radial growth and the tip-splitting instability. Electrochemical growth. Phase transitions of interfaces in driven diffusive systems.
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 3 3 Asia 7 5 12 Europe 6 26 32 North and Central America 2 8 10 South America 8 8 International Organizations 1 1 TOTAL 2 6 40 6 6
Directors and Lecturers 24 Participants 42 Membe1 r3 states represented International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 73
Title: SYNERGETICS IN CONDENSED MATTER
Dates 7 August4- : .
Course Directors: Professor . DenardG s o (ICTP), H.P.J. Haken (Universität Stuttgart, Germany S.Od an ) . Lundqvist (Chalmers Universit f Technologyo y , Göteborg, Sweden d ICTP)an , . co-sponsorshin I p witCommissioe hth Europeae th f no n Communities, Fondazion ItaliM eIB a and SISSA.
77 Topics: Pattern formatio f currento n d chargan s e distribution n semiconductorsi s . Pattern formation in fluids. Realizatio synergetie th f no c compute r patterfo r n recognitio y solinb d statd ean laser devices.
Lectures: Non-equilibrium phase transitio n semiconductorsi n . Self-organized spatio- temporal pattern formation in semiconductors. Dissipative structure formation in the electric breakdow f solidso n . Synergetics: from pattern formatio o pattert n n recognition. Pattern formatio d routean n e Taylor-Couetto chaot sth n i s e experiment. Hydrodynamic instabilitien i s rotating systems. Interaction of perturbations and patterns in convectively unstable pattern forming systems. Two-dimensional models for three-dimensional convection instability. Spatio- temporal pattern n reaction-diffusioi s n systems. Solitary wave d solitonan s n non-equilibriui s m media. Some aspects of the transition to space-time chaos and turbulence in convection. Pattern formatio n i rotatinn g Benard convection. Stochastic resonance: energy transfer from microscopic freedom to a coherent macroscopic freedom. Unbiased estimation of forces causing observed processes. Time-dependent Hamiltonian dynamics into the maximum entropy principle context. Hamiltonian dynamics in planetary-type fluid flows.
Summarize e participatiodth datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Asia 1 2 3 Europe 3 1 5 18 1 NortCentrad han - l America 1 - 3 South America 3 1 International Organization - s 1 TOTAL 7 1 9 2 6
Directors and Lecturers 1 5 Participants 1 1 Membe4 r1 states represented International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 37
Title: HYDROGEN ATOMS IN INTENSE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Dates: 18-21 August.
Course Directors: Professor . ArmstronL s . (JohnJr g s Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA) and N.K. Rahman (International Institute for Pure and Applied Chemistry, IIC, Trieste, Italy). In co-sponsorship with Fondazione IBM Italia and SISSA.
Topics: Above threshold ionization. Angular distribution of the photoelectrons. Stabilization with strong fields. Frequency dependence. Microwave and optical frequencies. Chaos. Time dependence.
78 Lectures: Atoms and electrons m strong laser fields what have we learned since 1980? Atomic and molecular stabilization in intense laser fields Radiate (QED) processes for hydrogen atoms in intense electromagnetic fields Strong-field lonization, stabilization and atomic-state effects Keldysh-hke approximations for multiphoton lonization when are they valid? Interference stabilization of population at Rydberg levels of the hydrogen atom m a strong ionizing laser field Classical scalin f nonclassicao g l stabilit microwavm y e lonizatiof o n hydrogen atoms and its destruction by additive noise Stability and chaos for Rydberg atoms in strong electromagnetic fields Classical and quantal effects of high-frequency fields on excited hydrogen The trapping of population in Rydberg atom wavepackets Classical theory of intense field stabilization Dissociation dynamic f hydrogeo s n molecule Adiabatic stabilization Rolf o e classical structure intense-fielm s d stabilization Calculatio e photoelectroth f o n n energy spectrum for multiphoton lonization of hydrogen Stabilization of atoms m ultramtense laser pulse classicaa s l approach Deca d formatioan y f hydrogeo n n ato intensmm e laser fieldn A s approac above-thresholo ht d lonizatio electromagnetio tw n i n c fields Comparison f multiphotoo s n lonization by circularly polarized light m the non-relativistic and relativistic regimes Target dressing and polarization effects m laser assisted X-ray photoionization Photoionization of hydrogen usin strone gth g field approximation calculatio timyiela n r io e dfo f no dependen t laser pulse Transient stabilization creation of an antiwave packet The role of Rydberg states as resonant intermediate sub-picoseconm s I HydrogeMP d n atom intensm s e short laser pulses Bichromatic photoionizatio n intensi n e fields Round Tables " StabilizatioH : n
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 2 2 Asia 1 6 7 Europe 5 1 5 20
Nort d Centrahan l America — 1i o^ 13 South America 4 4 International Organizations 4 4 TOTAL 1 7 33 5 0
Director d Lectureran s s 22 Participants 28 Membe9 r1 states represented International Organizations represented 1 Applications received 59
79 OTHER RESEARCH
Dates: Throughou yeare th t .
Purpose alloo T : w scientists wishin o avait g l themselve e Centre'th f o s s facilities (library e d presenccomputersth an f o f ICTd o e an P) consultant d othean s r expert o carrt st ou y independent researc periodn hi s whe activito n schedules i y thein di r field f interesto s .
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 24 — 24 Asia 31 1 32 Europe 10 12 22 Nort Centrad han l America 2 3 5 South America 3 - 3 International Organizations - 1 1 TOTAL 70 1 7 87
Figures also include short-term visitors comin r organizationafo g l activities only.
80 OTHER MEETINGS
Title ESSENTIAE :TH L ROL SCIENCF EO TECHNOLOGICAEN I L PROGRES ECONOMID SAN C DEVELOPMENT
April4 Dates2 .- 2 2 :
Organizers: Professors H.R. Dalafi (ICTP) and M.H.A. Hassan (Third World Academy of Sciences, TWAS, Trieste). Directors: Professor . L Emmeris j (Organizatio r Economifo n c Co-operatiod an n Development, OECD, Paris, France Abdud an ) s Salam (ICTP).
Purposes. 1 : To clarify the relationships between: (a) technology and national as well as global economy, ) technolog(b science th d eyan bascountrya f eo . 2. To discuss the role of and co-operation between scientists and economists. 3. To clarify how developing countries can acquire a science base through centres of excellence, to further economic development and protect the human environment.
Sessions: Technology and development. Role and importance of a science base. Science and Technology for development.
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 4 4 Asia 6 6 Europe 5 1 6 21 North and Central America 1 4 5 South America 2 2 International Organizations 13 13 TOTAL 1 8 33 5 1
Directors and Lecturers 2 Participants 49 Member states represented 26 International Organizations represented 5
81 ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS AND RADIO-PROPAGATION LABORATORY
The main research activity was devoted to the improvement and validation of the model of electron density height e ionospherprofilth n i e e develope n pasi d t e ICS/ICTyearth t a s n Pi collaboration with scientists of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING) and the Italian Istituta Ricercl r ope a sulle Onde Elettromagnetiche (IROE). Particular attentioe s paith o nwa dt topside profile estimate. Visiting scientists from Argentina, Bulgaria, China, Spai d Turkean n y were involve n thii d s study e Laboratortha th s pari tf o t y contributio e PRIMth o t nE Project COS 8 (PredictioT23 d Retrospectivnan e Ionospheric Modelling over Europe) . resulte th Par f o ts obtained were presented at the PRIME/URSI Workshop held in Roquetes, Spain, 4-8 May, 1992. A new approach for the study of ionospheric variability has been initiated, in collaboration d othean r G EuropeaIN wite hth n research groups e Laborator th s par a f , o t y involvemene th n i t PRIME Project. The study is oriented towards a definition of intrinsic variability, independently from the geomagnetic activity dependence. Visiting scientists from Turkey and China have been involve n thii d s study. e investigatioTh e possiblth f o n e interactions betwee e loweth n r atmosphere th d an e ionosphere have been continued, searchin effecn a thin r o gtfo s upper regioatmosphere th f no e e presencth o t f mesoscale o e du e convective complexe subtropicae th n i s l lower atmosphern i e South America. The results indicate a possible signature in the F region of the ionosphere. The stud f possiblo y e effect f electrio s c fields produce y lightninb d g activite tropospherth n i y n o e the equatorial electroject current in the E region of the ionosphere has been initiated. Visiting scientists from Argentin d Braziaan l have contribute theso dt e studies.
Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 _ 1 Asia 4 - 4 Europe 2 1 3 South America 5 - 5 TOTAL 1 2 1 1 3
82 HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LABORATORY
1 . Activities
1.1 Research
(1) Structural aspects of the layered perovskites: under this broad title, several studies were performed and are still in progress. Recently a new family of compounds, the carbo- cuprates s independentlha , y been discovere e firs . th Aftet us e grou ry ar o db thi e wh pw s foun e peculiadth r molecular characte carbonate th f o r e grou thesn pi e compoundse ar e W . now characterizing entirely new families of compounds where the perovskite structure of the cuprate coexists with layers of phosphor, nitrogen sulphur and simple organic compounds 1 paper(1 . s publishe n i internationad l journal 3 r recentlbooko sd an s y submitted).
(2) Critical currents in polycrystalline HTS materials: the themes of this line are: a.c. susceptibility studie f granulao s r systems; onse f dissipatioo t n regim d powean e r lawn i s low-field I-V characteristics; flux melting and phase transitions in granular superconductors; dependence on morphology of the critical current distribution in pure 1-2- 3 compounds. (3 papers in international journals).
(3) High Tc thin films: we are producing high-quality, low-cost thin films of HTS materials for device fabrication usin novega l method whic s beehha n develope collaboration di n wite hth KFK Technology Transfer Service, Karlsruhe (Germany) 1 pape( . r published 2 recentl, y submitted and 1 in preparation).
(4) Development f o experimental techniques: e dedicate th mos f o t e d th hardwar l al d an e automated procedure r datfo s a acquisitio processind nan g have been develope Labe th n .di Some sophysticated cryogenic inserts and parts of the thin film deposition chamber have been designed in the Lab and machined in co-operation with the 'Sincrotrone Trieste' Workshop (1 paper in preparation).
The SC Lab research activities are partially included in the 'Progetto Finalizzato Tecnologie Superconduttive e Criogeniche' sponsored by the Italian National Research Council.
1.2 Training for Research
The following activity took place in 1992 and was held successfully:
ICTP Experimental Worksho n Higo pc SuperconductivityT h : Advanced Activities 7 Apri2 , - l 19 June 1992.
2. Network for Collaboration
The Superconductivity Laboratory maintains collaboration links with the following Institutions:
CNR - ITM, Milan, Italy Centro Atomico Bariioche, Bariloche, Argentina Indian Institut f Scienceeo , Departmen f Physicso t , Bangalore, India Universit f Zagrebo y , Institut f Physicso e , Zagreb, Croatia Universit f Zagrebo y , Departmen f Physicso t , Zagreb, Croatia Technische Universität, Solid State Physics Institute, Graz, Austria University of Havana, Applied Physics Department, Havana, Cuba
83 Inonu University, Departmen f Physicso t , Malatya, Turkey Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Universit f Sofiao y , Departmen f Physicso t , Sofia, Bulgaria Institut f Plasmeo a Physics, KFK, Karlsruhe, Germany Physics Section, National Chemistry Laboratory, Pune, India Departmen f Physicso t , ChicagoNT , A US , Institute of Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Universit f Karachio y , Departmen f Physicso t , Karachi, Pakistan.
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Africa 1 _ 1 Asia 5 - 5 Europe 6 5 1 1 TOTAL 1 2 5 1 7
84 LABORATORY FOR LASERS AND OPTICAL FIBRES
THE LASER SECTION Several lase disposae r th source t a f traineeo e l ar s researcherd an s gooA s d numbes ga f o r and solid state lasers is present in the laboratory so as to offer opportunities to study the structur d characteristican e a variet f o s f lasero y s Althoug f theso l hal e laser commercialle ar s y available, som f theeo m have been assemblen di an open box configuration using the smallest possible number of high technology components, in orde o optimizt r transfee e relevanth e th f o r t know-ho l detailal n wi s These source e usear s d for characterization measurements o pumt , e lasersdy p o carr t t , optogalvaniou y c experiments severaand l others The optogalvanic e positiveffecth m t e colum a neo f o nn discharg s beeha e n investigated Optogalvanic spectr have N ef a o bee n checke dependence Th d optogalvanie th f eo c e effecth n o t current intensit s analyzewa y d Optogalvanic effec differenn o t t atomic specie gased an s s wile b l studied Laser spectroscopy methods have been implemente orden di deteco t r measurd an t e pollutants present in water samples The techniques for this activity require an accurate use of tunable lasers
Publications K Bua P h • Bassuah, Differential laser scattering r qualityfo control f liquidspublishee o b o (t d m Proceedings of "International Workshop on the Physics and Modern Application of Lasers" Dakar, Senegal 22-28 May 1991) • P K Buah Bassuah, Optogalvanic detection of Neon transitions in commercial Neon glow- indicator lamp (ICS Internal report) M Danailov• P Apai, , Intracavity wave mixing a Nd-YAGr light fo n i m generationn 3 59 t a laser (ICS Internal Report)
THE OPTICAL FIBRES SECTION e laboratorTh y offer a numbes f "hands-ono r " activitie n pre-seo s t s experimenti m ai e Th s to offee opportunitth r e instrumentus o t y s that appeae day-to-dath n i r y practice th f o e physicists and/or technologists who use optical fibres, mainly for communications Long-term development project hostee ar s thin di s section These ear • Theory, design and realization of a fiber communication network on the basis of spread spectrum code division multiple access for use m local area networks (LAN's) • Design and realization of a laboratory fiber system for communication with bit rates at 34 0 Mbit/14 e use b sd dn an tha ca bot tr traininfo h f graduateo gr engineerin fo d an s g development purposes
Publications • S Kar, Y Tianli, G Guekos, A Selvarajan, Realization of a Code Division Mult/pie Access Fiber Optic Local Area Network (LAN) Using Optical Othogonal Codes Submitted for publication to Electronics Letters
THE OPTICS SECTION Basic set-up o perfort s m demonstration e basith cm s law f opticso s , mterferometry, holography and Fourier optics are placed in the laboratory A Michelson-Morley interferomete equippes i r arme th chang A f se o d th e witem on cel ha m l optical path of the light beam in that arm occurs if the gas or the pressure conditions in the cell e changear d Refraction checkee indeb f gasen e celo x th ca fasA l dn i st photocountmg system allows to carry out optical measurements on rapid changes of mterferometnc fringes e firsTh t development projects will deal with pattern recognitio d analysian n f deformatioo s n of materials using Fourier optics and holographic mterferometry
85 Publications: P. Apai . SzipöcsR , , Phase Dispersion Measurements f Dielectrico Laser Mirrors,e b o t submitte r publicatiodfo Optico nt s Communications (1992).
Summarized data on the participation (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Asia 5 _ 5 Europe 6 23 29 International Organization- s 1 1 TOTAL 1 1 2 4 3 5
86 MICROPROCESSOR LABORATORY
The activitie e Microprocessoth f o s r Laboratory (ICTP/INFN-ltalian National Institutr fo e Nxuclear Physics), sponsored by the United nations University (UNU, Tokyo, Japan), were divided alon followine gth g lines
1) Researc developmend han t projects 2) Training activities 3) General activities
1. Research and Development Projects:
1.1. Project ALUD This on-going project, finance y INFNb d s i directe, d nationall d locallan yy Prob yA f Colavit t consistI atheoreticae th n si l possibilitiee studth f o y typw f builo solist eo ne da d state radiation detecto resulte Th r s obtained show s possiblthai t i t devicw builo et ne da e consisting o avalanchotw f e regions that, when struca charge y b k d particle, start oscillating Normal silicon detectors, such as silicon strip diodes, give out charge instead of oscillations T P Eggarter, H Cerdeira, A Colavita and K Lukin have been working on this project Some intermediate physics results of the projects have been published in the chapter "Chaotic Behaviour of Coupled Diodes" by H Cerdeira, A A Colavita and T P Eggarter in the book "Applied ChaosJony b g d Joh & e "Hyu m n Ki nStringer , 1992
1.2 ASTROMAG-WIZARD Done under contract from INFN, this is a feasibility study concerning the construction of a monolithic versio e front-enth f o n d electronic e particlth r fo se detecto a satellit f o r e experiment scheduled for the end of the century Low power consumption, low weight and very low noise achievee b figureo t e dar s Important results show s possiblthai t i t builo et d such chia p using noisthw elo e technology offere y MOSIdb r ORBISo T Also Laboratore th , y members have designed, builtested an date t dth a acquisition syster mfo e ballooth n e projecphaswhole th f Th o eet data acquisition syste r fivmfo e detector planes i s e firsth read tr fo flighy t after onl 8 monthy f wort o I sconsist D k A/ f t sixteeo sbi 3 1 n converter fase on t Digitad an s l Signal processo r planpe r e Ther alss ei generaoa l purposU eCP that executes high level processe t timsno e tha e criticaar t l The first calorimeter, with five silicon planes, will fly m May, the second with seven in December and a third with 15 planes will fly during 1994 Hence the system was designed to be modular and to roughly maintain a data rate of 50-100 events/sec even under an increase of the numbe f plane o re fin eTh s detail electronice e on-boarth th f f o o s d d an ssoftwar e founb n deca in the technical literature written for the users of Widget (Wizard Data Getter) The system architecture looks very much like a funnel to provide at all times and places a data bandwidth coherent witamoune hth f datcomputind o t aan g power required A large amoun f dato t s filterei a parallem d n eaco l h plan d onle signalan eth y s abova e threshold are passed along to the mam CPU to be labelled and handed over to a MicroVax controllin e communicatioth g n link wite grounhth d A paper wile submitteb l r publicatiodfo n describin e architecturth g d performancan e e th f o e instrument F Aversa I ,Chueiri A Colavita, F Fratni,S Venkatarama d an k n have been workin thin o gs project
2. Training Activities
2 1 ) "Second College on Microprocessor-Based Real-Time Control — Principles and Applications in Physics", hel Triestdm 0 Octobee3 froo t m5 r 1992 Sixty-seven participants were chosen 1 applicant34 ouf o t s
87 2.2) Due to financial and logistic difficulties the "ICTP-UNU-Microprocessor Laboratory Third Course on Basic VLSI Design Techniques", planned to take place from 2 to 27 November 1992, has been postponed twic takw wild eno ean l place fro Januar0 m1 Februar4 o t y y 1994.
. 3 General Activities
Scientists present at the Laboratory have been very much involved in the work on projects (specified in details under 1.0) during the whole year. In this connection the Microprocessor Laboratory often hosted important meetings relatee variouth o t ds above-mentioned projectn i s orde enablo t r e interactio smootd nan h runnin researce th f go developmend han t work.
List of long-term Visiting Scientists working at the Microprocessor Laboratory:
- Fernando Aversa (Argentina) - Ivan Chueiri (Brazil) - Andres Cicuttin (Italy/Argentin t scholarshi1s - a p granteMicroprocessoe th o t d r Laboratory by the Regione Friuli-Venezia-Giulia) - Konstantin Lukin (Ukraine) - Mahmoud Tabandeh (Iran) - Srinivasan Venkataraman (India).
Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions)
World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL
Asia 5 — 5 Europe - 2 2 South America 3 - 3 International Organizations - 3 3 TOTAL 8 5 1 3
88 LONG-TERM SCIENTIFIC VISITORS
e tableTh s below sho numbee wth f scientisto r wero swh e invite tako dt ee researc th par n i t h for 3 months and longer in 1992.
Table 1
Fields of interest Scientists % vs. total Person/months % vs. total Preprints*
Fundamental Physics 73 32.44 459.60 33.73 77 Condensed Matter 58 25.78 348.65 25.59 39 Mathematics 54 24.00 324.61 23.82 44 Plasma Physics 5 2.22 31.45 2.31 6 Atmospheric Physics 1 1 4.89 32.35 2.37 - Microprocessors 8 3.56 49.40 3.63 - Communications 2 0.89 9.07 0.67 -
High Tc Lab. 7 3.11 50.77 3.73 2 Laser Lab. 3 1.33 21.23 1.56 - Other 4 1.78 35.54 2.61 2
TOTAL 225 1362.67 1 70
* Figures provided by the Publications Office.
Table 2
Areas Scientists Person/months Oev. Adv. Dev. Adv.
Africa 24 _ 1 18.83 _ Asia 83 2 480.07 15.06 Europe 25 31 148.39 163.13 Nort Centrahand l America 7 18 33.46 136.77 South America 25 — 156.24 — International Organizations - 10 - 110.72
Total 164 61 936.99 425.68
GRAND TOTAL 225 1362.67
89 NETWOR ASSOCIATF KO E MEMBERS AND FEDERATED INSTITUTES
Report Networe th n so f Associate ko Federated an s d Institute available sar requestn eo .
1 - REGULAR ASSOCIATES
Associate Members are scientists from and working in developing countries who are appointed, upon recommendatio Scientifie th f no c Council perioa yearx r si fo f , dso during which the entitlee threy ar y pa eo dt researc h e ICTPvisitth o st . Eac f sucho h visits shoul t exceedno d 90 day t shoulbu s d last more tha weekx nsi s durin appointmene gth t period. Then3x9e th 0f = i , day0 27 s hav t beeeno n fully utilized durin 6-yeae gth r period remainine th , usee gb dayy d ma s for additional visits for which the ICTP will not bear the costs of the travel expenses. During their period at the ICTP, Associate Members work either independently or in collaboration with other scientists in residence and attend workshops, conferences or extended courses. The Centre expects that they will be engaged, in their home countries, in enhancing physics d mathematican s educatio secondarye th t na , polytechnica d collegan l e level wels a steachins a l g and research at the university level. Moreover, they should also pay attention, in their research work problemo t , f physico s mathematicd an s s connected with their locale. In 1992, the list of appointed Associates included 441 scientists. One hundred and twenty- fou r Associatw appointmentne 7 7 ef 1991 o ,Member d s en expire e th s t werda e appointed dan 35 appointments were extended. One hundred and twenty-five Associate Members (28%) came a e totaICT f tth r o250.7o lfo P 5 person/months witn averaga h e duratio 2 f stao nf o y person/months. e AssociatSomth f o e e Members r variouf fo courso , d san e reasons like academic requirements or family situations, break the 2-year cycle by anticipating or differring the timing of their visits with respect to the time they would normally be expected at the ICTP. sho2 Table d whao wt an t1 s exten Associate th t e Membership schem s beeha e n used froe mth geographical area d fro e researcan smth h interests viewpoints respectively.
Table 1 Breakdown by geographical area
Geographical area Associates Visits # % vs. total Visits % vs. total P/Months % vs. total
Africa 120 27.21 39 31 .20 75.98 30.30 Asia 204 46.26 61 48.80 128.74 51.34 Europe 32 7.26 8 6.40 19.30 7.70 Indonesia & Oceania 2 0.45 North & Central America 22 4.99 3 2.40 5.69 2.27 South America 61 13.83 14 11.20 21.04 8.39
Total 441 125 250.75
90 Table 2 Breakdown by field of activity
Field Ass(ïdates I V sits # % # %
Fundamental Physics 82 18.59 23 18.40 Condensed Matter 114 25.85 42 33.60 Mathematics 75 17.01 24 19.20 Physic Energd san y 57 12.93 9 7.20 Physics and Environment 50 11.34 12 9.60 Living State 30 6.80 7 5.60 Applied Physics/High Tech. 33 7.48 8 6.40
Total 441 125
Aboutotae thire th f lon tdo numbe f Associato r e Member s expectei s d each year.
Table 3
Summary
. 1 Regular Associate n 1992...... 44i s 1 . 2 Regular Associate n 1991...... 45i s 6 3. Appointments expired at the end of 1991...... 1 24 appointmentw Ne . 4 s startin 1992...... n i g 7 .7 . 5 Extension renewald an s s startin n 1992...... 3i g 5 . 6 Member states represente 1992...... n di 9 .6 . 7 Regula . visitinA r g ICT n 199Pi 2 fro countries...... 9 m3 5 2 1 . 8. Person/months...... 250.75 9. Average duration of stay...... 2.00 person/months or 60 days . 10 Preprints produced ...... * 86
Figure provided by the Publications Office.
The intellectual benefits which Associates derive from their research period visit at the ICTP are numerous. Man f theo y m succee n publishini d a paperg . This year 6 preprint8 , s were prepare y Associatdb e Members, either aloncollaboration i r o e n with other averagn (a s f 0.6eo 9 papers/Associat slightle— y higher tha n 1991)i n . Associates , e ICTPwhilth t ea , hav opportunitn a e re-orieno t y t their research collaborato t , e adistancea t , once thee bacar y k home, with their colleague f otheo s r developing countrier o s from advanced countries or to update their scientific literature and, for many of them, to improve their teaching at their home universities.
91 - SENIOR 2 ASSOCIATES
e formeSomth f o er Associate e ICTo havth Pf wh eo s acquire n internationaa d l reputation and/or have distinguished themselve s "entrepreneursa s thein i " r home countrie researce th n i s h oacademin i r c trainingappointee b y ma , d Senior Associate ICTe th Pf so upon recommendatiof no the Scientific Council. The duration of the appointment is 6 years during which they may draw fro r mfuna eac fo f f 4,00 thedo o h$ m US 0e use b whicr subsistenc dfo n hca d travean e n i l relation to their visit to the ICTP. Senior Associates come to the Centre for various reasons. Some take advantage of their visit r carryinfo s t theiou g r research since then concentratca y n theio e r work being relieved from their administrative duties. Others com r boostinfo e e collaboratioth g n between their colleague scientiste th ICTPe d th san f so . Others take advantag f theieo r bein Europn gi como et e to the ICTP in order to attend a workshop or conference which can be interesting for themselves or their collaborators, or to give a seminar. In 1992, the ICTP list of Senior Associates included 94 names from 32 Member States. Twenty Senior Associates representin 5 Membe1 g r States a totacam f r 16.9o lfo e 7 person/months. Therefore, the average duration of a research visit was 26 days (0.84 person/months). They published 14 preprints.
Table 1
Summary
1. Senior Associates in 1992 ...... 94 . 2 Senior Associate f 1991...... o d sen 0 .8 3. Appointments expired at the end of 1991 ...... 8 4. ' New appointments starting in 1992...... 23 5. Extensions and renewals starting in 1992...... 6. Member states represented in 1992...... 32 . 7 Senio . visitinA r g ICT n 199Pi 2 fro countries...... 5 m1 0 .2 8. Person/months...... 16.97 9. Average duration of stay ...... 0.84 p/months or 26 days . 10 Preprints produced ...... * 4 1 .
Figure provided by the Publications Office.
Table 2 Breakdow y geographicab n l area
Geographical Area Associates Visits # % vs. total Visits % vs. total P/Months % vs. total
Africa 12 12.77 3 15.00 4.21 24.81 Asia 59 62.77 1 4 70.00 10.85 63.94 Europe 3 3.19 — — — — Indonesi Oceania& a North & Central America 3 3.19 — - - - South America 1 7 18.09 3 15.00 1.91 11.26
Total 9 4 2 0 1 6.97
92 Table 3 Breakdown by field of activity
Field Ass Fundamental Physics 35 37.23 13 65.00 Condensed Matter 30 31.91 4 20.00 Mathematics 10 10.64 - - Physics and Energy 15 15.96 2 10.00 Physics and Environment 1 1.06 1 5.00 Living State 2 2.13 - - Applied Physics/High Tech. 1 1.06 — — Total 94 2 0 - JUNIOR 3 ASSOCIATES Junior Associates are selected among those participants in the ICTP extended courses and workshop o wor t wh sinstitutiona k n developini s g countries with poor library facilitiesA . Junior Associate is appointed for four years 'and is entitled to a US$350 grant for'buying scientific books and/or subscribin o scientifit g c periodicals which mus e madb t e availablo t e his/her colleagues. At the expiration of their appointments, Junior Associates are considered candidates to the Regular Associate Membership Scheme. In 1992scientist4 16 , s held Junior Associate appointments. Table 1 shows the distribution of the Junior Associates by geographical areas, while Table 2 shows their distribution by fields of interest. Table 1 Summary 1. Junior Associates in 1992 ...... 1 64 2. Junior Associates in 1991 ...... 21 0 . 3 Appointment f 1991...... o d sen expire e . th ...... 4 t a d 4 4. New appointments starting in 1992...... - . 5 Extension d renewalan s s startin n 1992...... i g . 6. Member states represented in 1992...... 50 93 Table 2 Breakdow y geographicab n l area Geographical Area Associates % vs. total Africa 80 48.78 Asia 55 33.54 Europa 3 1.83 Indonesi Oceanid aan a 1 0.61 Nort Centra& h l America 9 5.49 South America 16 9.76 TOTAL 1 64 Table 3 Breakdown by field of activity/subfield Field Subfield Associates . totavs l % Fundamental Physics: High Energy Physics 7 4.27 Relativity 2 1.22 Condensed Matter: Atomic Physics 9 5.49 Solid State 51 31.10 Mathematics: Applied Mathematics 5 3.05 Mathematics 20 12.20 Physic Energyd an s : Nuclear Physics 5 3.05 Plasma Physics 3 1.83 Non-Conventional Energy 8 4.88 Physics and Environment: Climatology/Meteorology 6 3.66 Geophysics 1 1 6.71 Soil Physics 4 2.44 Physics of the Living State: Biophysics 7 4.27 Medical Physics 4 2.44 Applied Physics: Communications Physics 1 9 11.59 Computational Physics 1 0.61 Microprocessors 2 1.22 TOTAL 1 64 94 4 - FEDERATION AGREEMENTS e past th e ICT th An ,i sP concluded Federation Agreements with institution n developini s g countries whereby these institutions may send their scientists to the ICTP for a specified numbe f dayso r , dependin e locatio e institutioth th n f go o n n with respec Triesteo t t limiteA . d number of agreements is also concluded with European institutions, mainly in Eastern Europe. Federated Institutions are encouraged to send their junior scientists to Trieste when activities of their interest are taking place at the ICTP. Scientists from Federated Institutes, therefore, attend extended courses, workshops, conferences or discuss their research projects with ICTP scientists and use its computer and library facilities. terme Th Agreementf e somo sth f eo differene sar orden i t D tha r d n an thosC f , typeeo B , sA to take particular local conditions into account. Special Agreements were concluded with institution n Irani s , Kuwai Qatard an t . e utilizatio Th e resourceth f o n s e Standaroffereth y b d d Federation Agreements i s summarize Tabln di . e1 Table 1 Standard Agreements 1 . Agreements proposed ...... 376 . 2 Agreements signed ...... 303 3. Agreements utilized...... ^! 4 4. Scientists at ICTP in 1992...... 473 5. Person/months...... 409.40 . 6 Countries represented ...... 57 . 7 Total p/months allocate agreemente th r dfo s used...... 429.72 8. P/M utilization rate for the 175 agreements used...... 95.27 For the Special Agreements, the utilization of the resources was as shown in Table 2. Tabl2 e Special Agreements Institutions Visitors Days Person/months 1. Islamic Republic of Iran 4 78 2.56 . Kuwai2 t Foundatio Advancemene th r nfo f Scienco t 2 e 96 3.15 1 . Qata3 r University 1 1 0.36 TOTAL 185 6.07 Tabl showe3 s total r Standarfo s Speciad dan l Agreements. Table 3 Typf o e agreement # Visitors # Person/months Standard 473 409.40 Special 7 6.07 Total 480 415.47 Not - e415.4 7 person/months represent 9.90e totath f %l o person/month f ICTo s P activities. 95 TRAININ RESEARCD GAN ITALIAT HA N LABORATORIES Dates: Throughou yeare th t . Organizers: The programme is co-ordinated by Professor G. Furlan (University of Trieste, Italy, and ICTP) in collaboration with Profs. G. Denardo (ICTP) and E. Tosatti (International School for Advanced Studies, SISSA, Trieste, Italy, and ICTP) as well as Advisory Committees e field n th eaci f so h concerned e ItaliaTh . n Technologiesw AgencNe r fo y , Energd an y Environment (ENEA, Rome, Italy) and the National Research Council (CNR, Italy) offered regular contributions. Purpose: To give participants in ICTP activities the opportunity of widening their experience by becoming directly involved in different branches of physics with the research work of laboratories at Italian universities, governmental and industrial research centres. Programme n 1992I : 7 scientist10 , s representin 8 developin2 g g Member States worked— with grants Italia4 fro 3 Centre mth n i n laboratoriee— totaa f r 684.0o lsfo 9 person/monthsn I . addition 4 consultant, s from Italian laboratories visite e Centra totath d f r 0.2o fo l e 6 person/months. The research subjects included: Biophysics Climatology and Meteorology Condensed Matter Physics Communications Physics Computational Physics Nonconventional Energy Sources Geophysics Optical Physics Lasersand Mathematical Ecology Medical Physics Microprocessors Plasma Physics Soil Physics Miscellaneous A detailed repor s availabli t n requesteo . Summarize e dparticipatio th datn o a n (Number of scientists by world regions) World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL Africa 14 _ 14 Asia 49 — 49 Europe 31 4 35 South America 13 - 13 TOTAL 1 07 4 1 1 1 96 EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES A report on the external activities in 1992 is available on request. In 1992, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics through its Office for External Activities was co-sponsor of the following schemes: 63 Activities: 10 in Africa (Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nigeria); 2Asin i 9 a (Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Papuw aNe Guinea, Philippines, Turkey); Europn i 1 e (Albania); n Latii 3 n2 America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela) plus 1. First International Conference on the recent climate anomalies and prediction in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. . FASA2 S Symposiu materialw ne contemporarn d mo san y application COMSTECd san H Workshop on recent advances in materials science, Islamabad, Pakistan. Four Networks: 1. Asian African Association for Plasma Training AAAPT in 16 countries of Asia and Africa. . Argentina-ICT2 P scientific cooperation programme. . BCSPI4 N Committe r promotinfo e g joint activitie physicn i s n Bangladeshi s , China i LankaSr , , India and Pakistan. 5. Bi-regional Network on Telecommunications (Argentina, Brazil and Nigeria). Fifteen ICTP Affiliated Centres: Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Jordan, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand. Five Visiting Scholars/Consultants from: Bangladesh, Cuba, Nigeria, Philippines, Thailand. 97 SCIENCE, HIGH TECHNOLOG DEVELOPMEND YAN T PROGRAMME Title: SCIENCE, HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Dates: Throughout the year. Organizers: Professor H.R. Dalafi (ICTP). Purpose: To increase the awareness of scientists of the role of physics in social and economic development o infort d man , Third World scientist f potentiao s l source f assistanco s e for physics research and its applications to the development needs of their countries. Lectures: Science, High Technology d Development:an Scientific publishin s futurewhait g— s i t ? Aspects related to the introduction of nuclear energy in developing countries. A historical review of research reactor accidents. Sahel drought: causes and future prospects. The neural basis of consciousness. The visual binding problem. New frontiers for world safety. Colloquium: Chiral interaction in protein structures. Updating AIDS. Surprises in physics. Creation and development of the universe. Einstein and Hubert: the creation of general relativity. Summarized data on the participation (Number of scientists by world regions) World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL Asia _ 1 1 Europe 2 2 4 Nort Centrad han l America - 2 2 International Organizations - 3 3 TOTAL 2 8 1 0 98 CO-SPONSORED ACTIVITIES Title Dates Organizer 1. Preparatory Workshor fo p Pace mmaribun i X sX 10-12 Sep Int'l Ocean Institute (IOI) Summarize e participatiod th datn o a n (Numbe f scientisto r y worlb s d regions) World regions Developing Advanced TOTAL Africa 1 _ 1 Europe 1 8 9 North and Central America - 4 4 International Organizations - 2 2 TOTAL 2 1 4 1 6 Participants 16 Member states represented 12 International Organizations represented 2 99 HOSTED ACTIVITIES Acronyms: ENFA - EnteP nazionale formazione addestramento professionale (Italian national schoor fo l vocational training) ICGE - InternationaB l Centr Genetir efo c Engineerin Biotechnologd gan y - InternationaICS l Centr Sciencr efo Higd ehan Technology IIC - International Institute for Pure and Applied Chemistry IITM - International Institute for High Technology and New Materials INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics) SISS - InternationaA l Schoo Advancer fo l d Studies TWAS - Third World Academy of Sciences TWOWS - Third World Organization for Women in Science UNESC - OUnite d Nations Educational, Scientifi Culturad can l Organization Title Dates Organizer 1. Convegno nazionale "Continente Europa: 18-19 Jan ENFAP formazion e professione " . 2 UNESCO-TWAS Business Session 23 Jan UNESCO-TWAS . 3 Scuola INF i studNd i avanzat fisicn i i a 15-21 Mar INFN nucleare e subnucleare . 4 Theoretical Cours researcn eo d han 23 Mar-1r Ap 0 ICGEB biotechnology: applicatione th o t s problems related to development . 5 European Advanced Schoo structuran o l l 23 Mar-11 Apr Florence University geology and tectonics . 6 Theoretica lstructur A CoursRN n eo 8-10 Apr ICGEB and function . 7 Theoretical Cours yeasn eo t molecular 12-15 Apr ICGEB genetics . 8 Convegno "Leibni Questiona l ze e 11-14 May SISSA délia Soggettività" 9. International Summer School of 25 May-5Jun Milan Polytechnic theoretical geodesy . 10 Meetin f TWOWgo S Interim 25-2p 7Se TWOWS (TWAS) Executive Committee . 11 UTM-ICS "Advanced Workshon po t Oc 9 5- UTM-ICS whiskers and particles" . 12 Meetin perception go n 28-3t 0Oc Trieste University . 13 Second Worksho catalysn po t design 10-14 Nov IIC 14. First Annual Users' Meeting - 23-2v 4No Sincrotrone Trieste Sincrotrone Trieste 100 AWARDS DIRAC MEDALS OF THE ICTP 8 August 1992 The Dirac Medals of the ICTP were instituted in 1985 in memory of Prof P AM Dirac, a honoured guest and staunch friend of the ICTP Two Medals are awarded yearly for contributions to theoretical physics The selection committee included Professors S Lundqvist, R Marshak , J Schwinger, S Weinberg, E Witten and Abdus Salam The Dirac Medals are not awarded to Nobel Prize or Wolf Foundation Prize winners The 1992 Dirac Medals of the ICTP were awarded to Professor N N Bogolubov (posthumously) formerle Jointh f t o yInstitut r Nucleafo e r Research, Moscow, Russiad an , Professor Yako SinaiG v , Landau Institut f Theoreticaeo l Physics, Moscow, Russia Professor Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolubo s honourewa v d posthumousl n recognitioi y s hi f o n many fundamental contributions in physics and mathematics In statistical physics, his treatment of Bose-Emstem condensatio seminaa non-ideaa s n i nwa ls worga l k which laibasie a dth r sfo microscopic theor superfluiditof y Heliuin yIt stimulate mII d latemanthe r of ydevelopment s using quasi-particle methods He later generalised this method to fermions and applied it to the phenomenon of superconductivity providing a systematic microscopic theory The famous Bogolubov transformation is now a cornerstone of modern physics In elementary particle physics, Bogolubov was the first to give a rigorous proof, based on local quantum field theory, of fixed angle dispersion relations for pion-nucleon scattering This emerged from his study of e axiomatith c basi f relativistio s c quantum fiel de structur th e theorS-matri th d f an o ye x Another importan t a systematiresul s wa t c formulatio e renormalisatioth f o n n programmr fo e perturbative computations of the S-matrix In mathematics, among his many important contributions we cite his work on non-linear mechanics and the general theory of dynamical systems Professor Yako G Sinavs honoure wa s outstandini hi r dfo g contributio theoreticao nt l physics and mathematics through the development of ergodic theory and its applications to dynamical systems n particulai , r billiards, phase transitions, quantum chao d hydrodynamican s s Also cited e spectra th s wor hi n o ks i l analysi f Schrodmgeo s r operator d applicationan s f renormahzatioo s n group theory V.F. WEISSKOPF PRIZE 2 October 1992 e 1992Th ICTP Priz honouF m Weisskope V f o r f Prizs awarde wa er ElciD o t od Abdalla, from the Umversidade de Säo Paulo, Brazil, in recognition of his contributions in the field of high energy physics He proved that the CP model has a quantum anomaly and showed its n cancellatio n supersymmetni n s alscha o case constructeH e e supersymmetridth c extensiof o n the Wess-Zummo term More recently he dealt with correlation function m non critical superstrmgs, computin correlatore gth n supei s r Uouville theore generaTh y l probleo tw f mo dimensional gravity has also been treated He has written a book on two dimensional quantum field theory whic s intendewa h o emphasizt d e relationth e f thio s s field with more realistic models o explici t s wel a s ,e difficultie a l th t n thii s s area, specially concernin perturbativn no g e aspects Annual ICTP Prizes were e createScientifith y n b i 198d 2c Councie Centrth f n o i el recognitio f outstandino n g contribution o physict s d mathematican s y scientistb s s frod man workin developina n gi g country They consis medala m t certificata , US$-1,00a d an e 0 cheque One Prize is awarded each year 3 Decembe2 die n do r 1992 Next page(s) left blank -|Q-| PARTIII PUBLICATIONS ISSUED IN 1992 PROCEEDINGS KEY WSP WorlC— d Scientific Publishin , Singapor o gC e Proceedings publishe n i 1992d : Dates of activity Title of Activity Publisher Pages 1 1991, 15-26 Apr Spring School and Workshop on string WSPC 382 theory and quantum gravity 2 1991, 6-10 May Fifth Worksho perspectiven po nuclean i s r WSPC 522 physics at intermediate energies 3 1991, 17 Jun-9 Aug Summer Schoo hign i l h energy physics WSPC 1051 cosmologd an y 4 l 1991Ju 6 ,2- International Conferenc complen eo x PhysicaA systems' fractals, spin glassed an s (North Holland2 48 ) neural networks 5 1991 Jul-8 ,g 2Au Mmiworkshop on strongly correlated WSPC 356 and 9-12 July electron system Adnaticd an s o Research Conference on open problems in strongly interacting electron systems Courses held in 1992 whose proceedings are at print: Date f o activits y Title of Activity Publisher 1 7-1n 0Ja Adnatico Research Conference on polarization WSPC dynamics m nuclear and particle physics 2 10 Feb-13 Mar Worksho computation po analysid nan f so WSPC nuclear data relevant to nuclear energy and safety 0 Mar-3 r 7Ap 3 Spring Schoo strinn o l g theor quantud an y m WSPC gravity and Workshop on string theory 4 20-2y Ma 2 Trieste Workshop on the search for new WSPC elementary particles statu d prospectan s s Jun-35 1 5l 1Ju Summer School in high energy physics and cosmology WSPC 6 23-26 Jun Adnatico Research Conferenc clustern eo fullerened an s s WSPC Aug-11 3 7p 1Se Research Worksho condensen pi d matter, atomic WSPC and molecular physics - Working Party on inelastic energy transfer in spectroscopy of surfaces and adsorbates 103 PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS Number of preprints and internal reports issued in 1992: 433. Number of preprints and internal reports produced by scientists from developing countries: 346. Explanatory Note: The names of those scientists who participated in the research activities of the ICTP in 1992 and submitted their articles for publication are indicated by an underline where applicable to distinguish them from other authors, and by country codes. The country codes indicate the countries of origin, according to the following ICTP internal list: ALB Albania MAG Madagascar ALG Algeria MAL Malaysia ARG Argentina MEX Mexico BEN Benin MON Mongolia BGD Bangladesh MOR Morocco BLR Belarus NEP Nepal BRA Brazil NIR Nigeria BUL Bulgaria PAK Pakistan CHA P.R. China POL Poland CHI Chile ROK Republic of Korea COL Colombia ROM Romania CRO Croatia RSF Russian Federatio) n(2 CUB Cuba SER Yugoslavia (3) C2E Czec Sovad han k Republic SLO Slovenia EGY Egypt SRL Sri Lanka GHA Ghana SUD Sudan IND India TOG Togo IRA Iran TUR Turkey IRQ Iraq (1) UKD United Kingdom ISR Israel UKR Ukraine ITA Italy URU Uruguay IVC Côte d'Ivoire USA United State f Americso a JOR Jordan VEN Venezuela JPN Japan VTN Viet Nam LIB Libya (1 ) The scientist from this country was present at ICTP when the UN imposed the embargo. (2) The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was informed by a Note Verbale from the Russian Permanent Mission thaname th t e "The Russian Federation" shoul e e useth db n di IAE name placn Ai th f eo "The Unio f Sovieno t Socialist Republics" namw t IAEAne A . e e th , e formeth l standal r r Soviefo s t republics which havt applieno e r membershifo d p individually. For statistical purposes, the ICTP separates from the Russian Federation the republics which have been recognized as new national entities, even though they are not members of IAEA. ) Federa(3 l Republi f Yugoslavico a (Serbi Montenegro)d aan scientise Th . t from this countrs wa y present at ICTP before the UN imposed the embargo. 104 PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER 1. J. Barcelos-Neto The zero curvature formulation of the KP and the [4] S. Panda IND SKP equation S. Rov IND Ashos kDa . HussaiF . 2 n PAK Heavy quark effective theory and heavy baryon [11] transitions 3. Sasanka Ghosh On the Boussinesq hierarchy and realization of Ws [12] Shibaji Roy IND symmetry . V.K4 . Dobrev BUL q-deformation f non-compaco s t Lie(super) [13] algebras e exampleTh : f q-deformeo s d Lorentz, Weyl, Poincare and (super) conformai algebras 5. Ya'qub Anini JOR Quantum cosmolog large origie th th f end o an y [16] scale structure in the Universe 6. N. Chair ALG SO(2,C) invariant ring structure of BRST [17] V.K. Dobrev BUL cohomolog singulad an y r vector gravitD 2 n i sy H. Kanno JPN with c < I matter 7. V.K. Dobrev BUL Dualitmatrie th r xfo y quantum group [18] GLp>q(2,C) . RosH u. 8 "circulae th ROn O rM vacuum noise electron i " n [20] storage rings . RosH u. 9 n electromagnetia ROn O M c vorte totan i x l reflection [25] 10. H. Rosu ROM Hybridizing the skyrmion with an anti-de-Sitter [26] bag 1 1. G.R. Dvali doublet-triplee th n RSCa F t splitting proble e mb [42] solved without doublet-triplet splitting? . 1Ya'qu2 . bAninI i R QuantuJO m tunnellin change th d signaturn ei gan e [46] of spacetime metric . I Antonaidi . 13 s Moduli corrections to gravitational couplings [50] ITA from string loops K.S. Narain IND . AntonaidiI . 14 s Moduli corrections to gauge and gravitational [51] ITA couplings in four-dimensional superstrings K.S. Narain IND . RosH u. 15 ROM Black hole radiometrd san y [55] 105 16. F.D. Mazzitelli ARG Midisuperspace-induced correction e th o t s [57] Wheeler-De Witt equation 17. H. Rosu ROM On the estimates to measure Hawking effect [58] d Unruan h laboratore effecth n i t y 18. H. Rosu ROM A note on the vacuum noise in the Penning trap [62] 19. A.N. Aliev RSF Polar circular orbits in the spacetime of black [63] holes R UK . IvanoE . v20 Superfield realizations of N = 2 super-Ws [64] F RS . KrivonoS s 21 . Victor Tapia CHI Fourth-rank gravity progresA . s report [65] I . VictoCH 22 r Tapia Motion in fourth-rank gravity [66] . SudhakarPand23 D IN a The Bi-Hamiltonian structure e Maninth f o s- [70] Shibaji Roy IND Radul supe hierarchP K r y 24. Noureddine Mohammedi ALG A non-degenerate Lagrangian for dilaton [73] gravito dimensiontw n i y s 25. A.O. Barut TÜR Theories of extended objects and composite [75] model f particleo s s . S.K26 . ChakrabartD IN i Planetesimals around nearby millsecond pulsars [78] 27. G. Senjanovic CRO Planck-scale physics and neutrino masses [79] F . AkhmedoRS Kh . E v G. Berezhiani . Giampier28 o EspositA IT o The geometry of complex space-times with [80] torsion . Giampier29 o EspositA IT o Quantum gravity, quantum cosmology and [81] Lorentzian geometries 30. S.K. Chakrabarti IND Effects of spiral shocks on disk emission [82] Paul J. Wiita lines 31 . R.K. Kaul Three-dimensional Chern-Simons theor a s a y [84] T.R. Govindaraian IND theor f knoto y d : linkMulticoloureII an s - s d links . A-E.32 LR MarrakchMO i Fourth-rank cosmology [86] Victor Tapia CHI 33. B.V. Ivanov BUstructure th L n gaugd O ean e dependenc e th f eo [89] electron propagator in QED 34. B.V. Ivanov BUL Gauge-dependence of propagators in theories [90] with minimal Abelian coupling 106 35. S. Goswami Massive Majorana neutrino pre-bouncn i s e [92] K. Kar Supernovae A. Ravchaudhuri IND . MeleM . k 36 EGY A theoretical kinematica l gradiene studth f o y t [95] of any cosmic scalar field . A.O37 . Barut TÜR Effective coupling functions extracted from the [96] T.B. Anders scattering experiments with polarized protons W. Jachmann at moderate energies 38. D.V. Vassilevich RSF One-loop quantum gravitSittee d n ro y space [99] . Viqa39 r Husain PAK 2+1 gravity without dynamics [102] 40. Viqar Husain PAK Ashtekar variables, self-dual metrics and [103] Woo . D.V41 . Vassilevich RSF Commen validitn e Faddeev-Popoo t th f o y v [104] trick for temporal gauge . RcheulishvilG . 42 i RSF Spherically symmetric line element and [108] Killing vectors in five-dimensional space 43. G. Bhattacharyya New bound on right-handed charged gauge [110] A. Datta IND boson mass A. Ravchaudhuri IND . SarkaU r . Livi44 u Tatar Algebraic structure of the BRST symmetry [112] Radu Tatar ROM 45. S.K. Chakrabarti IND Periodic X-ra y6814C flareNG :f o s [115] o GBa . Gravitational lensin n accretina f o g g neutron star? . L.V46 . Prokhorov String-like excitation n quantui s m electro- [116] D.V. Fursaev UKR dynamics S.V. Shabanov 47. Q. Shafi PAK Inflation and large scale structure formation [118] R.K. Schaefer after COBE 48. P.P. Sorokin UKR (Anti)commuting spinor d supersymmetrian s c [121] D.V. Volkov dynamics of semions . SezgiE . n49 TÜR Nonlinear realization f Wio s +00 [122] K.S. Stelle . A.L50 . Marrakchi MDR Fourth rank gravit cosmologd an y y [124] Victor Tapia CHI 51. Liviu Tatar Beltrami parametrization and gauging of [126] Radu Tatar ROM Virasor d W-infinitan o y algebras 52. S.C. Lim MAL Time-translation noninvariance of temporal [129] gauge propagator 107 53. A.E.F. Djemai ALG Non-commutative differential geometry: [130] 1-geometrical symplectic formulation of classical mechanics 54. Yigal Shamir ISR Compensating fields and anomalies in [131] supergravity 55. A. Boutaleb-J. General scalar tensor theories for induced [132] A.L. Marrakchi MOR gravity inflation 56. S.A. Bulgadaev RSF On one dimensional topological and conformai [135] field theories 57. Shnir Ya-M BLR Dielectri d magnetian c c permittivitiee th f o s [137] E.A. Tolkachev QED vacuum caused by Dyon L.M. Tomil'chik 58. J.L. Matheus-Valle BRA Quantum group generalizatio heterotie th f T no cQF [138] M.A.R. Monteiro 59. Mujahid Kamran PAK Weak Gottfriee probeth d rulm san edsu [139] 60. A.O. Barut TÜR radiatioe Morth n eo n reactio d runawanan y [141] solutions in classical electrodynamics 61. . ParashaP r IND Multiparticle quantum symplectic phase space [143] S.K. Soni 62. . Boschi-FilhH o BRA Chiral Schwinger model at finite temperature [144] C.P. Natividade 63. Sudhakar Panda IND Remarks on the additional symmetries and [145] Shibaji Roy IND W-constraints in the generalized KdV hierarchy 64. H. Kachkachi MOR Superconformai structure d holomorphian s 2 1/ c [146] M. Kachkachi MOR superdifferential supe1 N= rn o sRieman n surfaces 65. D.V. Vassilevich RSF Abelian gauge theorie homogeneoun so s spaces [149] 66. H. Kanno JPN BRST cohomology ring in 2D gravity coupled to [150] M.H. Sarmadi IRA minimal models 67. L P. Kaptari UKR Theory of deep inelastic scattering reactions [151] A. Yu. Umnikov and X-rescaling model 68. V.S. Vanyashin UKR Coherent decay of positronium Bose condensate [152] 69. A.G. Grozin Baryonic currents and their correlators in the [153] O.I. Yakovlev RSF heavy quark effective theory 70. Bang-Rong Zhou CHA Effective four-fermion interaction d dynamicaan s l [155] breakin f electroweao g k symmetry 71. O.J.P. Eboli BRA Composite vector leptoquarky v d en i s+ an e" e ,y [156] J.E. Cieza Montalvo colliders 108 . A.N72 . Ivanov 7i°y» - | yT decae Th chiran i y l perturbation theory [161] M. Nagy quare th t ka C2 leveE l N.l. Troitskaya . a P.K73 Jh . Quantum group and symmetry of the heat equation [1 63] K.G. Tripathv IND 74. Amitava Datta IND Flavour democrac ye fourt th call r hfo s generation [164] 75. M.T. Hussein EGY Hadron nucléon interactions in view of a multi- [166] peripheral model . RaychaudhurS . 76 i IND Detection of charged Higgs bosons through the [167] A. Raychaudhuri rare decay H+ -» W+y 77. A.O. Barut TUR Formulatio f wavno e mechanics withoue th t [169] Planck constant f> 78. Ashoke Sen IND Electric magnetic duality in string theory [171] . KachkachH . 79 i MOR Redundanc quantue th f yo m level gauge [173] M. Kachkachi MOR fixing condition . Abdu80 s Salam PAK Chirality, phase transitions and their induction [174] in amino acids 81. V.K. Dobrev BUL Three lectures on quantum groups: representations, [178] duality, real forms 82. Luis Masperi ARG Solitons and bubbles in models with Chern-Simons [179] term . llievN . a 83 BUL Superfield wave functio r 4 N=4fo nd= , [180] L. Litov superparticle . E.H84 . Saldi MOR WA(n-1 |n-1 ) Miura transformation: analysis [181] and applications . LhallabT . 85 i MOR (2,0) superconformai anomaly [182] 86. T. Lhallabi MOR Super Beltrami differentials and N=4 [183] superconformai anomalies . Ya'qu87 b Anini JOR The ground state wavefunctions of a conformally [184] invariant scalar fiel n differeni d t spacetime background . AnwaM . r 88 Mughal PAK Neutrino oscillationFaradaw ne a yd effecan s t [185] K. Ahmed PAK . Samee89 R . IkhdaiJO M r r Bethe-Salpeter equation for non-self conjugate [186] Ramazan Sever meson power-laa n i s w 90. L. Dabrowski Positive energy representation e conformath f o s i [187] V.K. Dobrev BUL quantum algebra R. Floreanini V. Husain PAK 109 . DobreK . V . v 91 BUL q-deformed conformai superalgebra and its [188] . LukierskJ i Hopf superalgebras J. Sobczyk V.N. Tolstoy 92. V.K. Dobrev BUL Duality for multiparametric quantum GL(n) and [189] P. Parashar 1ND for a Lorentz quantum group . R.B93 . Zhang CHA Connections between quantized affine algebras [190] and superalgebras 94. Anjan S. Joshipura IND Majoron models and the Higgs search [193] Saurab D. Rindani . AkhmedoKh . E . v95 RSF Planck scale effects in neutrino physics [196] Z.G. Berezhiani G. Senjanovic CRO Zhijiao nTa CHA 96. B. Anathanaraya Radiative electroweak breaking and sparticle [199] G. Lazarides spectroscopy wit= ß h Q. Shafi PAK 97. S. Chakrabarty IND A scalar vector model of quark-antiquark [200] interaction under linear confinement 98. S. Chakrabartv IND The quark structure of hadrons and nuclei [201] S. Deoghuria 99. A. Gonzalez CUB Qualitative picture of mesons in the Dirac [202] G. Loyola oscillation theory M. Moshinsky 100. T.M. Aliev B -» KJ?J?+ ~ decay in supersymmetric theories [209] . YilmaO z TUR G. Turan 101. A.O. Barut TUR Radiation reaction for the classical relativistic [210] M.G. Cruz USA spinning particle in scalar, tensor and linearized gravitational fields 102. Mehmet Koca TUR Lepton-quark families, cosmic strings and [213] "democratic" mass matrix 103. E.Kh. Akhmedov RSF 17 keV neutrino and large magnetic moment [216] Z.G. Berezhiani solution of the solar neutrino puzzle G. Senjanovic CRO Zhiiiao nTa CHA 104. A. Gonzalez CUB The three-body proble groune th mn i d state [217] representation B CU . Gonzale105A . z Binding and excitation energies of Lennard- [218] D. Leal Jones clusters in the 1/d method 106. NguyenHongHN VT a Conformai anomal r stringfo y backgrounn i s d [219] Nguyen Lan Oanh VTN 110 107. Dao Vong Duc A versio f superstrino n g with four space-time [220] Nguven Hona gH VTN dimensions Nguye Oann nLa h VTN 1 08. Tauseef Ahmad IND Forward-backward multiplicity correlations [224] M.A. Nasr in 4.5 A GEV/c silicon-nucleus interactions . IrfaM n 109. SudhakarPanda IND The Lax operator approach for the Virasoro [226] Shibaji Roy INW-constrainte Dth d an generalizee th n si V dKd hierarchy 110. A.O. Barut TUR Dynamical group d supersymmetry-llan s : [227] P. Roy IND supersymmetric Ahoronov-Boh d anyoman n systems 111. B. Roy IN dynamicaDe th n O l grousystee o th tw f po f m o [228] A.O. Barut TUR anyons with Coulomb interaction P. Roy IND 112. F. Hussain PAK Covariant Bethe Salpeter wave functionr fo s [237] heavy hadrons 113. M.A. M. Chowdhury BCD Renormalizatio f Yangs-Millo n s theore th n i y [238] light-cone gauge using Langrange multiplier field 114. A. Cabo M. de Oca CUB ADirae th not n c eo canonica l quantizatiof no [241] massive Yang-Mills theory 115. Yuan-Fang Jiang CHA e DyoTh n solution f SO(10so ) unification [272] Zhao-Qin Zhang in curved spacetime 11 6. A.A. Pankov BLR Probing Z-Z' mixin t futura g e e+e~ colliders [273] N. Paver ITA 117. A.O. Barut TUR On parity conservation and the question of the [279] G. Ziino "missing" (right-handed) neutrino 118. Xin-Zhoi uL clasw ne f non-topologica so A A CH l solitons [284] Zhi-Xiani gN Jiang-Zu Zhang 119. Xin-Zhou Li CHA The solutions of cosmic string loop equation [285] Zhi-Xiani gN in expanding universe 120. Bang-Rong Zhou CHA Heavier fermion d fine-tuninan s g problem [288] in top condensate scheme 121. Bang-Rong Zhou CHA Four-fermion interactions fro generationmn s [289] minimad an l dynamical breakin f electroweago k gauge group 122. F.D. Mazzitelli ARG Classical gravity coupled to Liouville theory [292] N. Mohammedi ALG 111 123 . StrathdeJ . e USA Generalized spin systems and o-models [294] S. Randjbar-Daemi IRA Abdus Salam PAK 124. M.H. Sarmadi e ringTh IR structurA f chiraeo l operator r fo s [301] minimal models coupled to 2D gravity 125. H.Bo Ga . CHA On renormalization group flow in matrix model [302] 126. G.G. Chukwumah NIR A group-theoretic approach to the study of small [304] oscillations of a dynamical system with a known symmetry 127. A.A. Babich Lepton mixin Wn gi +W" pair production with [312] A.A. Pankov BLR polarized e+e" collisions N. Paver ITA 128 . RosH . u ROM membrang S ba Einstein-Weys 1a xSit ] s d 6 2a 1 ean [3 l geometry 1 29. R.G. Jafarov RSF Fermion-boson scattering in ladder approximation [326] S.A. Hadjiev . AkhmedoKh 130. E . v Planck scale effects on the majoron [328] Z.G. Berezhiani R.N. Mohapatra . SenjanoviG c CRO 131. Yuan Zhong Zhang CHA On the generalized Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory [330] 132. I.S. Zheludev RSF Creation and development of the universe [332] 133. K.K. Singh brieA f historD e universth IN f o y e [336] 134. A.A. Penin The AS=1 effective non-leptonic lagrangian [338] A.A. Pivovarov RSF in the standard model: dimension eight operators 135. A.V. Kisselev RSF Two schemes of T|-T|' mixing [342] V.A. Petkov 136. S.V. Dhurandhar Choice of filters for the detection of [345] B.S. Sathvaorakash IND gravitational waves from coalescing binaries II: detectio colouren ni d noise 1 37. B.S. Sathyaprakash paralleA IND l algorith r filterinmfo g gravitational [346] S.V. Dhurandhar waves from coalescing binaries 138. A.V. Kisselev n relatioFtSO F n between distribution functions [353] V.A. Petrov in hard and soft processes 139 . Randjbar-DaemS . i IRA The renormalization group for flag manifolds [354] . StrathdeJ e USA 140. M. EI-Nadi e multiparticlStudth f o y coherene th n ei t [365] M.N. Yasin EI-Bakrv EGY productio r iT-34nfo 0 GEV/ d K±7an c 0 GEV/c S. Abd EI-Halim EGY interaction with emulsion nuclei 112 KovaienkG 14S 1 o RSF Standard model without Higgs particles [368] A Bednvako V 2 14 v RSF Nucléon structur backgrouna s ea r dfo [369] KovaienkG S o RSF determination of fundamental parameters YP Ivanou v 143 R Ch Rashkov BUL 2D supergravity and mtegrable systems [372] 1 44 Yu Komachenko Isospin breaking correction n for o mt s factors [382] R. Rogalyov y decaev > - y 1 7 d RSan F 145 Giampiero Esposito ITA Cosmological restrictions on conformally [387] Gennaro Miele invariant SU(5) GUT models Luigi Rosa 6 Jorg14 eA Devot o completioe ARTh G n homomorphis equivananmn i t [388] elliptic cohomology 147 GianCarlo Ghirard n attempA i a macroreahsti t a tA IT c quantum [392] worldview O 14BaruA 8 t TUR Dirac's shell model of the electron and the [399] M Pavsic SLO general theory of moving relativistic charged membranes 9 Mohamma14 AhmaddR A IR y Exclusive decays B -> Kxy , B -> K y using heavy [404] Dongsheng Liu CHA quark symmetries SkalozuV V 0 b15 UKR Nielsen's identity and gluon condensation at finite [405] temperature 1 51 Duong Van Phi VTN Decabottoe th f yo m mesons [408] Duong Anh Due D Mazzttell 15F 2 i ARG Dilation quantum cosmology in two dimensions [409] Jorge G Russo 153 G Senjanovic CRO Gravit domaid an y n wall problem [414] Bairai mRa IND 154 I Antoniadis Superstrmg threshold corrections to Yukawa [416] ITA couplings KS Narai n IND R Taylo T r 155 N N Bogolubov. Jr RSF e linearizeTh d polaron model treatee th y db [418] P Vasant diagonalization method and the Green function F Brosens method T Devrees J e 6 15 Iva nT Todoro v BUL Einstei Hilberd nan creatioe th t f generao n l [421] relativity 15A BandoI 7 s UKR D=10 superstrmg Lagrangian and Hamiltonian [422] A A Zheltukhm UKR mechanic n twistoi s r like Lorentz harmonic formulation 113 158 M .Induce E.ERO . Radescd toroidau l currentelastie th d c an s [424] scattering of photons by hydrogen 159. O.P. Dayi TUR A general solution of the master equation for [428] a class of first order systems 160. A. Yu. Smirnov RSF Status of the MSW-solution of the solar [429] neutrino problem 161. G. Senjanovic CFD Planck-scale physics and solutions to the [432] Z.G. Berezhiani strong CP-problem without axion R.N. Mohapatra 114 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN SI CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER 1. E. Canessa CHI Non-linear I-V characteristics of Schottky [14] V.L. Nguyen barriers and polycrystalline semiconductors . L.S2 . Brizhik UKR Bisolitons in a layered crystal [19] . 3 F.F. Agaev The hot phonon spot formation and dynamics [28] N.M. Guseinov in the thin film K.A. Rustamov RSF 4. G.V. Efimov UKR Intermediate couping polaron ground state energy [38] G. Ganbold MON . 5 Ivan Barvik CZE Relations among theories of excitation transfer [48] Vladislav Capek CZE 6. Ivan Barvik Finite lifetime effects in the coherent exciton [49] Herman Pavel transfer . BadirkhaZ . 7 n IRQ Thermodynamic d structuran s f liquio e d metals: [52] O. Akinlade criticaA NIR l assessmen e charged-hard-spherth f o t e G. Pastore reference system M.P. Tosi 8. G. Bilalbegovic SER High-temperature morphology of stepped gold [53] F. Ercolessi surfaces E. Tosatti !TA 9. G. Crespo Inhibited quantum processes through repeated [61] H.A. Cerdeira BRA measurements approacn A : quantuo ht m Zeno A.N. Proto effect? 1 0. N. Kumar IND Compound fullerenes [67] 11. Uacir Tit ALG Invariance of the mobility edge in anodic [85] J.W. Halley titanium oxides H.B. Shore 12. K.A. Rustamov RSF On the singularities of high frequency dynamical [87] B.R. Gadjiev susceptibility in the improper segnetolectrics in soliton regime . Naci13 t Ti r ALG Role of oxygen vacancies in anodic TiO2 [88] J.W. Halley thin films El-ShazlL C . 14 v EGY Electrical propertie f egyptiao s n natural [101] E.F. El-Wahidy graphite N.A. Saad N. Elanany 115 . StachiottM . 15 i Relaxation dynamics and precursor domains in [106] R. Migoni the non-linear shell model A. Dobrv ARG 16. A. Rubio MEX Reflection effect of localized absorptive potential [109] N. Kumar IND on non-resonant and resonant tunnelling 17. Nacir Tit ALG Numerical evidence for two types of localized [119] N. Kumar states in a two-dimensional disorderd lattice 18. C.W. Lung CHA Bifurcation and chaos in dislocation multi- [120] X.W. Wang plication process 1 9. E. Canessa I CH Growth modefilmu A Ru(001n f o so l ) [123] A. Calmetta . H.A20 . Ceccatto ARG Nonclassical disordered phasstrone th n ei g [136] C.J. Gazza quantum limit of frustrated antiferromagnets A.E. Trumper . S.A21 . Bulgadaev RSF On relation between Berry phase and one- [142] dimensional models with long range l/r^ interaction 22. a.N. Tiwarv IND Excitation of atomic hydrogen [147] D.D. Singh 23. S.N. Tiwary IND Oscillator strengths for PV, SVI, CI, VIII, Ar [148] . KumaM r VIII and KIX D.D. Singh P. Kumar 24. R.I.M.A. Rashid e thermodynamiBGTh D d structuraan c l contributions [160] to the vacancy formation energies in hot rare gas solids . S.M25 . Osman EGY Concentration fluctuations at the liquid-vapour [162] R.N. Singh coexistence in Ne-Ar mixture 26. Nacir Tit ALtighA Gt binding electronie modeth r fo l c [168] Vijay Kumar Q CQ e S D d IN structuran e Fe f eo 27. V.l. Inozemtsev UKR The hermite-like description of two-magnon [172] eigenvector HeisenberD I f so g Hamiltonian with elliptic exchange is complete . Nguye28 n A a nB Excitonic bistabilitites, instabilitie d chaoan s s [175] Nguyen Trunn gDa VTn laser-pumpei N d semiconductor Hoang Xuan Nguyen 29. Lui z E. Oliveira acceptor-relatee th n BRO A d photoluminescence [176] N. Porras-Montenegro OOL spectr f GaAo a s quantum-wire crystalsA : Andrea Latge model calculation 30. Hong Sun CHA Electronic states in quantum wells with [191] periodically structured interfaces 116 . V.P31 . Bvkov RSF Calculation of wave functions and energies of [194] A.V. Gerasimov electron system in Coulomb potential by variational method withou basia t t sse 32. M.P. Tosi ITA Meltin d liquigan d structur f polyvaleneo t [197] metal halides . TatlipinaH . 33 r TUR Atomic size effects on local coordination and [198] Z. Akdeniz TUR medium range order in molten trivalent metal G. Pastore chlorides M.P. Tosi 34. Z. Akdeniz TUR Effective interactions between concentration [204] M.P. Tosi ITA fluctuation chargand s e transfe chemicallin r y ordering liquid alloys 35. O. Akinlade NIR Local order and concentration fluctuations [205] in K-PB and RB-PB alloys 36. S.N. Tiwary IND AGFA differential cross sectione th r fo s [206] e 2 e excitation 1sS 2 ~» 2sS transition in H by electron impact at 1 Rydberg 37. S.N. Tiwary IND + impacH t ionizatior A f no [207] 38. G. Perez Instabilitie d non-statisticaan s l behaviour [208] H.A. Cerdeira BRA in globally coupled systems . A.P39 . Protogenov RSF Microscopic origi marginaof n ! Fermi-liquid [211] D.A. Ryndyk n strongli y correlated spin systems 40. A.P. Protogenov RSF Distribution functio f excitationo n n systemi s s [212] with fractional statistics 41. A.M. Kowalski Information-theoretic outlook of the quantum [214] A. Plastino dissipation problem A.N. Proto ARG . A.R42 . Hassan EGY On the estimation of matrix elements for [221] optical transition n semiconductori s s 43. A.R. Hassan EGY Biexciton formation by two-photon [222] absorptio quantun i n m wells 44. A.R. Hassan EGY Direct creation of excitonic molecules by two- [223] photon absorptio quantun ni m wells 45. A.P. Protogenov RSF Dependenc f criticaeo l exponent 9-parameten o s r [229] V.A. Verbus in anyon lattice model 46. M.C. Donnamaria ARG Conformation analysi f trehaloseo s , molecular [230] E.I. Howard dynamics simulatio d moleculanan r mechanics J.R. Grigera . S.N47 . Tiwary IND Wave function collapse phenomenon in the Na [231] isolectronic sequence 117 . G.Qi48 n CHA Thermoelectric coefficients of silicon [234] T.M. Fromhold mosfet quantizinn i s g magnetic field P.N. Butcher . 49 Nguye n HonN g QuanVT g e opticaTh l Stark excitoe effeco t th f e o t ndu [235] dynamical coupling between quantized states of the electron and hole in quantum wells A CH Lin-Shene H . 50 g Two-photon emission spectru two-levea f mo l [236] Fen Xun-Li atom in a cavity 51. J. Aliaga Information-theoretic and Wigner function [239] G. Crespo ARG approache nonlcassicae th o st l states dynamics A.N. Proto ARG for the variable frequency harmonic oscillator A CH . WeiWan52 g Biharmonic pattern selection [240] E. Canessa CHI A CH . Hon 53 n gSu Electronic Landau level quantun si m wells [242] with periodically structured interfaces 54. C.R. Proetto ARG New edge magnetoplasmon for a two-dimensional [244] rina electro gn i geometrs nga y . 5N 5 Nguye VT n Trun n gDa Chaotic dynamics of high density photon and [247] Nguyen Va An exciton system Le Ngoc Min h 56. Zhong-Shui Ma e constrain Th lowese th r fo tt Landau level [248] Zhao-Biu nS effective th d CHan e Afiel d theory approace th r hfo fractional quantum Hall system 57. F.D. Buzatu ROM Ground-state energy for ID (t,U,X) model at [249] low energies 58. Cheng-Chung Lee CHA On the magnetoresistance of heavy fermion [250] Chun Chen compounds 59. K.t. Stoychev BUL Nonlinear response function for two-phonon [251] polaritons 60. M.T. Primatarowa Exciton solitary waves in molecular crystals [252] K.TL . BU Stovchev 61. I.E. Aronov Magnetic properties of anyonic systems in [258] E.N. Bogachek normaa l phase I.V. Krive UKR S.A. Naftulin 62. YuzhiZhao CHA Magnetic susceptibilty of V, Cr, Mn and Mo: [271] J.L Fry Magnetism in Cr and Mn 63. Hoang Anh Tuan On a new functional integral formalism for [276] Nguyen Toan Thang Hubbard model Nauven Haoc Thuan VTN 118 . Hoan64 Tuah gAn n On the superconductivity existence within [277] Nguyen loan Thang the Hubbard model Nguven Ngoc Thuan VTN . K.W65 . WojciechowskL PO i Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional [278] A.C. Branka hard dimer system D. Frenkel . V.AR 66 UK . Kochelap Confinement of acoustical modes due to the [282] O. Gulseren electron-phonon interaction within 2D- electron gas 67. V.A. Kochelap UKR Limitatio suppressiod nan t electroho f no n [283] N.A.ZakhleniuR UK k fluctuation submicron i s n semiconductor V.N. Sokolov structures D . MathIN S . i 68 Jaya Electronic structur higd an eh pressure [287] S.P. Sanyal IND phase transition in LaSb and CeSb A . MehrafariIR M . 69 n Canonical operator formulation of non- [297] equilibrium thermodynamics 70. G. Crespo ARG Wave function collapse unnecessarn A : y [298] H.A. Cerdeira BRA condition for the dynamical description of the G AR A.N. Proto Zeno and partial Zeno effect A . S.YGH 71 . Mensah Effec f higo t h frequenc transpore y th fiel n do t [299] properties of superlattice 72. F.B. Sigalo NIR Effect of effective mass differences on the [300] S.Y. Mensah GHA tunneling-current-voltage behaviour of a resonant presencdiode th n ei f spaceo e charge build-up 73. S.Y. Mensah GHA Photo stimulated attenuatio f hypersounno d [305] F.K. Allotey GHA in superlattice S.KA .GH Adjepong 74. Ba-Lin Hao CHA Symbolic dynamics and description of [308] complexity 75. F.V. Kusmartsev RSF Orbital glas HTSn si C [309] A CH n Su . X . 76 Bond distortio electrod nan n trappin n i g [310] R.Tu F . charged R.Lu F . H.Je Y . 77. F.V. Kusmartsev RSF Aharonov-Bohm effect in Luttinger liquid [311] . Vija78 y Kumar IND Structure of s-p bonded metal clusters with [313] 8, 20 and 40 valence electrons 79. X.G. Gong CHA Enhanced stabilit f magio y c clusters casa : e [314] Vijay Kumar IND study of icosahedric A1i2*> X = B, AI, Ga, C, Si, Ge, Ti, As 119 . AkdeniZ . 80 z TÜR Stabilit f chlorocomplexeo y n trivaleni s t [315] metal-alkali halide mixtures N . VT Nguve81 i VienA t The additional contribution caused by Coulomb [31 8] Nguven Thi Que Huona VTN interaction to the exciton dispersion in multiple i ThonLeQu g quantum wells and superlattices for direct band cubip ga c semiconductors 82. Floran Vila ALB A method for determination of the superficial [319] charge density N . VT Nguye83 i VienA t On the theory of phonoriton in cubic semi- [320] Nguyen Thi Que Huong VTN conductors with a degenerate valence band i ThonLeQu g . Kalya84 n Singh IND The effect of pressure and quadrupolar inter- [321] actions on the nematic-isotropic transition properties: numerical result systea r fo sf mo prolate ellipsoids including secon fourtd dan h rank orientational order parameters . AyensA . 85 u GHA Grain boundary creep in copper [327] G.K. Quainoo GHA S.K. Adjepong GHA . Cheng-Chun86 e gLe CHA n thermodynamiO c propertie f heavo s y fermion [329] Chun Chen system magnetin i s c field Wang Xu Caness. E . 87 a CHI Singularity spectrum of self-organized [334] criticality 88. Nguyen Dinh Dung VTN Nuclear scatterin f polarizeo g d neutro y nb [335] crystal with polarized nucleus in presence of surface diffraction . HuGan89 g CHA Stochastic resonance in a periodic potential [339] system unde constana r t force . A.K.M.A90 . Islam BGD Lighter alkali hydrid deutendd ean : I e [344] Electronic properties of pure solids . Wan91 g Kang-Ying CHA Contributio l excite al a f f no o d S stateZF [348o st ] 6S-state . Nguye92 n DinN VT h Dung Total diffraction reflectio f polarizeo n d neutrons [349] by crystal surface with polarized nucleus . N.C93 . Pesheva BUL Derivation of the macroscopic rate equations for [350] the driven diffusive Ising model at pair level of approximation 94. De-Gang Zhang CHA The exact solution of the Ising quantum chain [351] Bo-Zhani gL with alternating singl sectod ean r defects YunLi 120 95. Kalyan Singh IND Perturbation theory for nematic liquid crystals [352] of axially symmetric molecules: evaluation of fourth rank orientational order parameter 96. A. Ayensu GHA Experimental study of non-steady state moisture [356] diffusional flo woon wi d 97. A. Ayensu GHA Computer simulation of non-steady state moisture [357] diffusion flo woon wi d . A.G98 . Saif EGY A vibrating wire parallel to a type II super- [358] conducting slab of arbitrary thickness . A.G99 . Saif EGY Power losses of a type II superconducting slab [359] of arbitrary thickness in the presence of alternating current conductors 100. A.G. Saif EGY The effect of a transport current on the [360] surface barrien uniaxiaa f o r l anisotropic superconducting slab 101. A.G. Saif EGY Effect vibratina f o s g wire carryin currenC D g t [361] o movinna g typ I superconductineI g slaf bo arbitrary thickness 102. A.G. Saif EGY Surface barrier of an uniaxial anisotropic type II [362] superconducting cylinder 103. B.N. Onwuagba NIR Electronic and chemical properties of barium [364] and indium clusters 1 04. N. Takeuchi First principles calculation cleavee th r fo sd [367] A. Selloni and annealed Ge(111) surfaces . TosattE i ITA 105. Floran Vila ALB Determination of critical density of charge [370] 106. Floran Vila electrie ALTh Bc field between non-conducting [371] rectangular charged surfaces placed near a small spheric cunductive earthed surface and determinatio f criticao n l densit f chargo y e 109. Jinming Dong CHA Simulatio vortee th f no x motiohige th h n ni [373] Tc superconductors 110. Ahmad Naseem IND On temperature distribution in non-participating [374] medium with radiation boundary condition 111. Shiping Feng spirae CHTh Aspile phasth n d liquiean d e statth n ei [375] t-J-J' model . Lorenzan112J . a Dynamic and static correlation functions in the [376] M.D. Grynberg ARG inhomogeneous Hartree-Fock state approach YuLu CHA with random-phase-approximation fluctuations K. Yonemitsu A.R. Bishop 121 113. Shiping Feng CHA Slave particle studieelectroe th f o s n momentum [377] J.B. Wu distribution in the low-dimensional t-J model CHA YuLu CHA 114. Zhong-Yi Lu The Haldan edopea f energo dp linear-chaiyga n [378] Zhao-Bin Su Heisenberg antiferromagnet YuLu CHA 115. Chui-Lin Wang CHA Localized excitations in competing bond-order [379] Guo-Ling Gu wave, charge density wave and spin-density Wen-Zheng Wang CHA wave systems - I: competing bond-order wave Zhao-Bin Su CHA and charge-density-wave YuLu CHA 116. Wen-Zheng Wang CHA Localized excitation competinn i s g bond-order [380] Chui-Lin Wang wave, charge-density wave and spin-density Zhao-Biu nS CHA wave systems - II: competing charge-density YuLu CHA wave and spin-density wave 117. Miguel Cardenas CHI Ab initio pair potentials [383] V. Sundararajan IND Vijay Kumar IND 1 18. Q.D. Jiang CHA Characterization and in situ fluorescence [419] F.C. Matacotta ITA diagnostic of the deposition of YBa2Cu3U G. Masciarelli thin films by pseudo-spark electron beam F. Fuso ablation E. Arimondo M.C. Konijnenberg G. Müller . SchultheisC s G. Sandrin 122 PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN MATHEMATICS AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER 1. Bonaventur ecompactificatioe Looth n O L module th MA f no i spacf eo [1] branched minimal immersions of S^ into S^ 2. R. Freitas TOG Real representations of Lie groups and a theorem [2] . PittioH f e . 3 C.E. Chidume NIR Convergence theorem r quasi-contractivfo s e [3] mappings . 4 C.E. Chidume n iterativA NIR e metho r non-lineafo d r demiclosed [5] montone-type operators 5. I.V. Barashenkov e unifieRSTh Fd approac o integrablht e relativistic [6] B.S. Getmanov equations: soliton solutions over non-vanishing V.E. Kovtun backgroundI s- 6. Tan Xiao-Jiang CHA Some resultexistence th n so f ranspeciaeo o tw k l [7] stable vector bundles Shaf AbaA. Deh id7. e theorth f smootn o yO IRA h structures [8] . 8 I.V. Barashenkov FiSF The unified approach to integrable relativistic [9] equations: Soliton solutions over non-vanishing backgrounds - II . J.A9 . Veiling USA Degeneration of quasicircles: Inner and outer [10] radi f Teichmülleo i r spaces 10. C.E. Chidume NIR Convergence theorems for certain classes of [21] nonlinear mappings 1 1. S. Somasundaram IND A note on almost periodic operators [22] Noor Mohammad 1 2. Jian-Min Shen CHA Classical and quantum Liouville theory on the [23] Zheng-Mao Sheng Riemann sphere with n > 3 punctures (III) Zhong-Hua Wang 13. F. Laytimi MOR Courb trisecantes ede courbe un sa e S lissP e ed [24] de degré d > 2g + 1 . Manasevic14R . h Positive solutions for the one-dimensional [27] F.I. Njoku NIR p-Laplacian F. Zanolin . KiranM . 15 e ALG Unbounded solution Brusselatoé th r sfo r [30] . O.T16 . Stoytchev BUL Entire cyclic homology and modular theory [45] 123 17. E. Galina SL(2,R)-module structure of the eigenspaces of [54] J. Vargas ARG e Casimith r operator 18. W.R.F. Santos URU Twisting products in Hopf algebras and the [59] constructio quantue th f no m double . R C.ENI 19 . Chidume Convergence theorem clasa r f nonlineasfo so r [68] M.O. Osilike map uniformln i s y convex spaces 20. C.E. Chidume NIR Convergence theorem r quasi-contractivfo s e [69] M.O. Osilike map uniformln si y convex Banach spaces 21. C.E. Chidume NIR Convergence theorems for strictly hemi- [71] M.O. Osilike contractive maps 22. J.A. Devoto ARG Equivariant elliptic homology [72] A CH . BolingGu23 o The Landau-Lifshitz equation of the ferro- [74] Min-Chun Hong CHA magnetic spin chain and harmonic maps 24. A.K. Nandakumaran IND remarkw homogenizatioe Fe th n so f eigenvaluno e [77] problem perforatea n si d domain . R C.E25 NI . Chidume Convergence theorem clasa r f nonlineasfo so r [91] M.O. Osilike map uniformln si y smooth Banach spaces 26. C.E. Chidume NIR Fixed point iterations for quasi-contractive maps [93] M.O. Osilike uniformln i y smooth Banach spaces . BohigaA . 27 s Sobolee th n O v systems with ellipsoid cavities [94] B CU R. Felipe 28 AlsedL . a No division and the set of periods for tree maps [100] A CH Xiang Pon e gY D UK . B.P29 . Duggal A remark on the unitary part of contractions [105] N . VT Nguye30 n Dinu hPh Global stabilit f system o yo differentia tw f o s l [113] equations with unstationary nonlinearities - II 31. Nguyen Dinh Phu VTN Dissipation and convergence in the system of [114] differential equations with unstationary nonlinearities 32. N. Andruskiewitsch Lie bialgebras with triangular decomposition [117] . LevsteiF n G A. AR Tiraboschi . Pha33 m HonN gVT Quang Quasilinear subdifferentiabilit d quasiconvean y x [125] duality gap 34. Truong Xuan Due Ha VTN Differential inclusions governe y convedb d an x [127] nonconvex perturbation of a sweeping process N . VT Truon35 a g H Xua e nDu Existenc f viableo e solution r nonconvefo s x [128] valued differential inclusions in Banach spaces 124 36 BP Duggal UKD N-th root f normao s l contractions [133] 37 F S de Blasi Topological properties of the solution sets to [134] G Pianigiani differential inclusions of evolution type V Staicu ROM F Sanchez-Brmga 8 3 s MEX Formes normales equivanante champe sd e sd [140] vecteurs F Sanchez-Brmga 9 3 s MEX Normal forms of invariant vector fields under a [154] finite group action 40 B P Duggal UKD On an inequality for non-normal operators [177] R DarafsheM 1 4 h IRA permutatioa n O n characte) (q groue n th f po GL r [195] 2 Jons4 m uKi ROK On the scalar curvature of self-dual manifolds [203] 43 BP Duggal UKD N-th roots with Hilbert-Schmidt defect [215] operator of normal contractions YusuM 4 f4 PAK Dynamical groups of a particle in a periodic [232] potential 45 Y L Xm CHA Equivanant harmonic maps intsphere oth a evi [233] isoparametric maps 46 M.N. Abou EI-Ela EGY Spline approximation for system of n-th order [259] El-Salad Ab A mF nonlinear ordinary differential equations 47 N Parhi IND On the zeros of solutions of forced parabolic [260] differential equation f neutrao s l type 48 S Plaza CHI Numerical invariant f cantoo s r sets [262] S Plaz 9 a4 CH e differentiabilitIth n O f centrao y l Cantor sets [263] J Vera CHI 50 E Munoz M On the continuity of limit capacity of central [264] J VeraV CHI Cantor sets K Porsezia 1 5 n IND Backlund transformations and explicit solutions [265] for homogeneous and mhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodmger type equations MladenoM l 2 5 v BUL Group representations via geometric [266] V V Tsanov quantizatio momentue th f no p mma 53 F S Berezovskava RSF Fractal approach to computer analytical [267] G P Karev modeling of tree crown Q l Kisliuk RSF RKhleboproG s Y uL Tcelnike r e theorth f smootn o yO h A A Shafestructure IR Abah 4 5 De id s [268] 125 55 M N Abou EI-Ela EGY Approximate solutions of the fourth order [269] initial value problem using deficient spline polynomials Hune L n 56g So VTN Some properties of generalized biregular [270] Tran Quyet Thang VTN functions with values m a Clifford algebra OkbEI-BaS A 7 5 b EGY Conditionally exponential convex function n o s [275] locally compact groups 58 Abd EI-S. Dabbour EGY Sheaves with many morphisms [291] A Soulta N n ChidumE C 9 5 e NIR Applicable nonlinear operator theor - yselecte d [293] topics OkbEI-BaS 6A 0 b EGV Convergenc f exponentialleo y convex functions [296] on foundation semigroups 61 M Kirane oscillatioe th n ALclasa O f G f no hyperboli so c [306] N Parhi IND equation f neutrao s l type 62 O Stoytchev modulae BUTh L r grou super-KMd pan S functional [307] 63 J-P Ezm BEN Scalar curvature and spherical-type Riemannian [317] manifolds 4 6 Davood Ahmadi IRA Boundar f Fatoo y u set f hyperbolio s c rational [322] map f degreso o etw 65 MA Shalaby EGY A regional inverse eigenvalue problem [323] Solution with application in control theory 66 MA Shalaby e reath l n symmetriEGO Y c inverse eigenvalue [324] problem . KiranM e7 6 ALG A strongly nonlinear reaction-diffusion model [325] S Kouachi for a deterministic diffusive epidemic 68 N Parhi IND Oscillatory behaviour of solutions of coupled [333] M Kirane ALG hyperbolic differential equation f neutrao s l type 3 OkoyS 69 a NIR On the thermal ignition with variable pre- [337] exponential factor 70 Tran Ngoc Dan h VTN The computer science lattice with the ordering [340] of Streh Wmklemand an l n 1 7 Tran Quyet Thang VTN Extension problem for generalized multi- [343] monogenic function Clifform s d analysis 2 7 Chen Shuxmg CHA Structur wavd ean e grap f solutionh o D M- o t s [347] Riemann problems for a 2x2 quasi-linear hyperbolic system 73 Nguyen Viel Dung fundamentae VTTh N l complemengroue th f po f o t [355] complexified real arrangements 126 N VT Dune L g 4 7 The least energy criticat se l [363] 5 7 Wei-TaoZhanA CH g A remark about the mean curvature [381] 76 Nguyen Buong VTN Finite-dimensional approximation for operator [384] equation f Hammersteio s n type 7 7 NguyeN VT n Buong Convergence rates and finite dimensional [385] approximation r non-lineafo s r ill-posed problems involving monotone operator Banacn si h spaces 78 Guo Jingmei CHmicrobundlp Li A e Th e representation theorem [386] 79 Yu Yu Fena CHA On convexity and Schoenberg's variation [389] J Kozak diminishing splines 80 LC Washington Cyclic groups in class groups of real quadratic [393] A XiankCH e Zhang fields A 1 8 XiankCH e Zhang Some relativistic extensio d theian nr integral [394] Fuhua Xu bases 2 8 Xianke Zhang CHA Real quartic fields similar to ERD type [395] Fuhua Xu 83 K Matsuzaki Notes on projective structures and Klemian [397] A Veilin J g USA groups A Bakaso A 4 8 v RSF Lyapunov functions for the fixed points of the [398] B B Govorkov, Jr Lorenz model N Bhattara H 5 8 i NEP Orbit spaces over commutative ringd an s [400] projectivities as semi isomorphisms c 6 8 DuonDu h gMm clasa n f stronglo sO y degenerat singulad ean r [401] VTN linear elliptic equation D BazykA 7 m8 Bifurcation approac e predator-preth o t h y [403] F S Berezovskaya RSF population models SL Zud m 88 Wei-Tao Zhang n improvemenCHA A e Brezith f o st inequalitd an y [406] its applications 89 A. A. Bakasov RSF Analysi f destabilizatioo s e seconth t na d laser [407] B B Govorkov, Jr threshold by the Lyapunov direct method S R EkhaguerNI CO 0 9 e A noncommutative mean ergodic theorer mfo [410] partial W -dynamical semigroups 91 S S Okoya NIR Boundedness for a system of reaction-diffusion [412] equations with more general Arrhemus term HasaM D 2 IN n9 Shahid Differential geometry of CR-submanifolds of a [413] normal almost para contact manifold 127 93. Hong Min-Chun CHA Regularity result r minimizerfo s f certaio s n [415] functionals having non quadratic growth with obstacles 94. Davood Ahmadi IRA Dynamic famila f o sf quarti o y c polynomials [417] . Shii 95 L i na Topological entrop r finitfo y e invariant sets [430] Xiangdong Ye CHA of Y 96. Simon Davis UKD Divergence module th n si i space integrad an l [431] accumulating handle e infinite-genuth n i s s limit 128 PREPRINT INTERNAD AN S L REPORTN I S PHYSICS AND ENERGY AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER 1. B.P. Singh IND Measuremen d analysian t f excitatioso n [29] H.D. Bhardwaj functions in (a, np) reactions on 128,130je 2. M. Avrigeanu ROM Comparative semi-classica quantumd an l - [31] P.E. Hodgson mechanical nucléon pre-equilibrium emission calculations 3. M. Avrigeanu ROM Pre-equilibrium emission assumptions and [32] V. Avrigeanu statistical model parameter effect n reactioo s n cross-section calculations . DvalG . i4 RSF Grand unified gauge boson condensation on the [34] S.M. Mahajan IND cosmic string . DvalG . i5 RSF Grand unified gauge boson condensatio hign i h [35] S.M. Mahajan IND temperature phase transitions . RahmaA . Md n . 6 BCD Deuteron-Nucleus scattering at Ed = 34 and [36] S.M. Sarker 80 MeV H.M. Sen Gupta 7. M. Ahmed Scattering of pions from light nuclei [37] . RahmaA . Md n BCD H.M. Sen Gupta M. Rahman 8. S.G. Mashnik RSF Stopped pion absorption by medium and heavy [39] nuclecascade-excitoe th n i i n model 9. B.P. Singh IND A stud f excitatioo y n function e radioth r -fo s [40] R. Prasad active isotopes produced by a-induced reactions H.D. Bhardwaj in gold 10. G.R. Dvali RSF Vector superconductivity in cosmic strings [41] S.M. Mahajan IND 11. S.G. Mashnik RSF On mechanics of neutron-induced cumulative [47] particle production at intermediate energies 12. GrattoJ . n ARG Deterministic dynamics of plasma focus [60] M.A. Alabraba NIR discharges A.G. Warmate NIR G. Giudice 13. M. Salimullah BGD Dispersion properties of a magnetized dusty [83] U. de Angelis plasma A. Forlani A. Sen 129 14. C.Y. Chen CHA Intuitive approach to modified gyrokinetic [157] . SMahaja.M n IND equatio d numericanan l confirmation 15. C.Y. Chen CHA In what sense the canonical perturbation [158] theory is gauge-invariant 16. C.Y. Chen CHA Are there missing convective currents [159] . M.H.A17 . Hassan SUD Two-dimensional transpor f duso t t from [192] I.A. Eltayeb n infinita e line sourc t grounea d level: non-zero roughness height 18. C. Besliu Searc r dibaryonifo h c de-excitationn i s [225] V. Popa relativistic nuclear reactions L. Popa V. Topor POD ROM . T.H19 . Rihan On intermediate energy heavy ion optical [245] B LI A.M. Awin model potential R NI . F.B20 . Sigalo Computer simulatio f energo n y profiles [253] A.V. Gholap plasma n i a focus device . Dipit21 a Rani Sarker The strong absorption model for scattering [254] . RahmaA . Md n of 6Li M. Rahman H.M. Sen Quota BGD 22. Subarna Soheli e triton-nucleuTh V Me 3 3 s d scatterinan 7 1 t a g [255] . RahmaA . Md n M. Rahman H.M. Sen Gupta BOG . I.A23 . EI-Naggar Nonlinear radiatio f waveno t combinatioa s n [256] A.M. Hussein frequencie o radiation-surfact e du s e Sh.M. Khalil EGY wave interaction in plasmas . Sh.M24 . Khalil EGY Kinetic nonlinear electron-io o streatw n m [257] Y.A. Sayed instabilit n field-frei y e isothermal plasma 25. C.Y. Chen CHA Modificatio e kinetith n i nc solutio r fo n [274] magnetized plasmas 26. Sh.M. Khalil EGY Nonlinear second harmonic generation by [290] F. Sharaf light wave-plasma interaction in oscillating B.F. Mohamed magnetic field 27. I. Ursu ROM Application of uranium magnetic resonance [366] V. Lupei for safe disposa f radioactivo l e wastes A. Lupei . G.R28 . Dvali RSF Cosmic wake fields [396] V.l. Berezhiani RSF S. Mahajan IND 29. K. Avinash theoreA IND r non-lineamfo r stabilit o tearint y g [411] modes 130 . 30.AvinasK . h IND Vorticity injection in non-neutral plasma [423] devices 31. A. Ludu ROM A generalization of the deformed algebra of [425] Raj . GuptK . a IND quantum group SU(2)q for Hopf algebra . Rai. Quot32 K . a IND Dynamical symmetry breaking in two- [426] dimensional SU(3) model and the quantum group SU(3) => SU(2) r> SO(2) symmetry q q 33. Raj .K. Gupta IND Dynamical symmetry breakin f SU(1,1go ® ) [427] A. Ludu ROM SO(6) group 34. E.A. Baryeh IVC PRELIMINARY TITLE: Propertie f chipboarso d [433] 131 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN SI PHYSICE LIVINTH F GSO STATE AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER 1. Akene Ogulu NIR Deep heat muscle treatment: [43] A.R. Bestman NIR A mathematical model - I . Aken2 e Ogulu NIR Deep heat muscle treatment: [44] A.R. Bestman mathematicaA R NI l modeI I - l 3. A. Ogulu NIR Blood flow in curved pipe with radiative [56] A.R. Bestman NIR heat transfer . 4 M.K. Rahman BGD Effec f lathyrno t s sativu d vitamian s C n [76] A.H. Sarker on the status of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase- centrae th peripherad In Vi an l l tissued san serum of guineapigs . Svlvi5 a Seballos CHI Model of components in a process of acoustic [107] Hernan Costabal diagnosis correlated with learning Pedro Matamala 6. Julian Chela-Flores VEN Spontaneous regulating mechanisms y thama t [170] have led to the origin of life . RosH u. 7 ROM wated Lifean r [246] 8. R. Mejdani latticA s mode e ga B r enzym fo lAL e kinetics with [280] A. Gashi next-nearest neighbour interactions M. Ifti 9. Rexhep Mejdani ALB A lattice gas model for enzyme kinetics [281 with alternate interactions 10. CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL EVOLUTION [331 AND THE ORIGIN OF LIFE (Summaries) 1 1. A.K. Rai n radiativNo IND e stat essentian i e l oils from [341 aromatic plants 132 PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN PHYSIC ENVIRONMEND AN S T AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER 1. J.B. Ratsimbazafv MAG Inversio f resistivito n y soundinge th n i s [98] E. Randrianambinina archaeological sit f Mahilako e a (north-west of Madagascar) using the generalized linear inverse method. 2. W.L Sumathipala SRL The distribution of the annual and semiannual [111] cycles in the tropics R NI . 3 E.G. Adibe An overview of intertropical convergence [286] and intertropical discontinuity PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN SI APPLIED PHYSICS AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER . AdaGh m 1. ROM Case studies in the numerical solution of [97] oscillatory integrals 2. M. Severcan R Model-baseTU d recognitio objectD 3- f y o nb s [295] M. Uzunalioglu geometric hashing technique 3. Gh. Adam windoA M w RO least squares algorithr mfo [303] S. Adam statistical noise smoothing of 2D-acar data 133 PREPRINT INTERNAD SAN L REPORTN I S LASER, ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE ICTP SERIAL NUMBER . CiongA . 1 a ROM Two-fold angular distributions n two-colouri a , [33] two-photon ionization 2. I.A. Izmailov UKR Cavitiless dilectric wave-guide-mode [243] V.A. Kochelap UKR generatio weakla n i y amplifying gaseous medium L.Yu. Mel'nikov 3. V.V. Datsyuk A study of vibrational relaxation of electrically [261 I.A. Izmailov excited molecules V.A. Kochelap UKR . A.A4 . Bakasov e laseRSTh r Fsecon d threshold s exacIt : t analytical [390] N.B. Abraham dependence on detuning and relaxation rates 5. A.A. Bakasov RSF Analytical details of the stability threshold of [391] N.B. Abraham e laser-Lorenth z model LAMP SERIES REPORTS 1. V.P. Bykov RSF Observation of squeezed light and quantum [1 ] descriptio e macroscopicath f no l body movement 2. A. Sharma IND ] HelmholtD Solution[2 2- e th f zso equatio r nfo P. Bindal optical waveguides: semi-analyticad an l numerical variational approaches . S.N3 . Tiwar] [3 y strateg w calculatioe I ne th C r A e INfo y th D f no oscillator strengths for the lowest lying autoionizin isoelectronia N ge leveth n i l c sequence . Th.M4 . El-Sherbini EGY Excitation d X-ramechanism] an [4 yV laserXU r sfo s M.M. Arrubban 5. D. Schinca ARG ] Ioni[5 c classificatio laseE X f r no w lines ne A : R. Duchowicz ARG approach through time resolved spectroscopy M. Gallardo 6. R. Duchowicz ARG Analysi f photoisomerizablo s e dyes ] usin[6 g laser R.E. Di Paolo absorption and fluorescence techniques . ScaffardL i J.O. 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