SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 550

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 550 550 Biology and Management of the American Shad and Status of the Fisheries, Atlantic Coast of the United States, 1960 Biclogical Laboratory flarineLIBRARY NOV 1 3 1957 WOODS HOLE, MASS. SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT-FISHERIES Na 550 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Stewart L. Udall, Secretary Charles F. Luce, Under Secretary Stanley A. Cain, Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, Clarence F. Pautzke, Commissioner Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Harold E. Crowther, Director Biology and Management of the American Shad and Status of the Fisheries, Atlantic Coast of the United States, 1960 By CHARLES H. WALBURG and PAUL R. NICHOLS United States Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report- -Fisheries No. 550 Washington, D.C. August 1967 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Description of Alosa sapidissima 2 Distribution of shad 3 Life history of shad 3 Migrations 3 Spawning runs 5 Spawning and early development 6 Food and feeding habits 8 Age and growth 9 Mortality 10 Fishing mortality 10 Natural mortality 10 Predators 10 Parasites 11 History and description of fishery 11 Historical notes 11 Development of the fisheries 12 Present fisheries 15 Shad fisheries of Florida 17 Fisheries by water area 18 St. Johns River 18 St. Marys River 20 Trends in production 22 Shad fisheries of Georgia 22 Fisheries by water area 23 Satilla River 23 Altamaha River 23 Ogeechee River 25 Savannah River 25 Trends in production 26 Shad fisheries of South Carolina 27 Fisheries by water area 27 Combahee and Ashepoo Rivers 27 Edisto River 30 Charleston Harbor and tributaries 31 Samtee River 31 Winyah Bay and tributaries 31 Trends in production 34 i Page Shad fisheries of North Carolina 35 Fisheries by water area 35 Cape Fear River and tributaries 35 Pamlico Sound 39 Neuse River and tributaries 39 Pamlico-Tar River 41 Croatan and Roanoke Sounds 43 Albemarle Sound 43 Roanoke River 43 Chowan River 44 Trends in production 44 Shad fisheries of Virginia 45 Fisheries by water area 46 Chesapeake Bay in Virginia 48 James River 48 York River 49 Rappahannock River 50 Potomac River 51 Trends in production 52 Shad fisheries of Maryland 52 Fisheries by water area 54 Chesapeake Bay in Maryland 54 Potomac River 56 Patuxent River 58 Susquehanna River 59 Pocomoke River 59 Wicomico River 59 Nanticoke River 60 Fishing Bay 60 Choptank River 60 Chester River 61 Trends in production 6l Shad fisheries of Delaware 63 Fisheries by water area 63 Nanticoke River 63 Delaware Bay 63 Delaware River 64 Trends in production 66 Shad fisheries of Pennsylvania 67 Fisheries by water area 67 Susquehanna River 67 Delaware River 68 Trends in production 69 Page Shad fisheries of New Jersey 69 Fisheries by water area 69 Ocean shore and bays 69 Lower New York Bay 71 Hudson River 72 Trends in production 72 Shad fisheries of New York 72 Fisheries by water area 73 New York Bay 74 Hudson River 75 Great South Bay and Gardiners Bay 76 Long Island Sound 76 Trends in production 76 Shad fisheries of Connecticut 77 Fisheries by water area 77 Long Island Sound 77 Thames River 79 Connecticut River 79 Housatonic River 80 Bridgeport Harbor and Pine Creek 82 Trends in production °2 Shad fisheries of Rhode Island 82 Fisheries by water area 82 Atlantic Ocean 82 Narragansett Bay 83 Warren River 83 Pawcatuck River 83 Providence-Blackstone River 83 Trends in production 83 Shad fisheries of Massachusetts °^ Fisheries by water area °^ Taunton River 84 Buzzards Bay 84 Cape Cod and Massachusetts Bay 84 Merrimack River "^ Connecticut River 85 Trends in production 85 Shad fisheries of New Hampshire 85 Shad fisheries of Vermont 86 Page Shad fisheries of Maine 86 Fisheries by water area 86 Saco River 86 Nonesuch River 86 Casco Bay 88 Kennebec River 88 Merrymeeting Bay tributaries 88 Sheepscot River 88 Penobscot River and Bay 89 Pleasant and Harrington Rivers 89 Saint Croix River 89 Trends in production 89 Trends in shad production of the Atlantic coast of the United States 89 Factors affecting decline in abundance 90 Physical changes 91 Dams 91 Pollution 92 Overfishing 92 Natural cycles of abundance 92 Rehabilitation and management 93 Hatcheries 93 Fishways 94 Regulations 97 Economics and marketing 97 Recommendations 99 Summary 100 Acknowledgment 100 Literature cited 101 Biology and Management of the American Shad and Status of the Fisheries, Atlantic Coast of the United States, 1960 By CHARLES H. WALBURG ^ and PAUL R. NICHOLS^ Fishery Biologists Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory Beaufort, N.C. 28516 ABSTRACT This paper summarizes current information on the American shad, Alosa sapidissima , and describes the species and its fishery. Ennphasis is placed on (1) life history of the fish, (2) condition of the fishery by State and water area in 1960 compared to 1896 when the last comprehensive description was made, (3) fac- tors responsible for decline in abundance, and (4) management measures. The shad fishery has changed little over the past three-quarters of a century, except in magnitude of yield. Types of shad-fishing gear have remained relatively unchanged, but many improvements have been made in fishing techniques, mostly to achieve economy. In 1896 the estimated catch was more than 50 million pounds. New Jersey ranked first in production with about 14 million pounds, and Virginia second with 11 million pounds. In I960 the estimated catch was slightly more than 8 million pounds. Maryland ranked first in production with slightly more than 1.5 million pounds, Virginia second with slightly less than 1.4 million pounds, and North Carolina third with about 1.3 million pounds. Biological and econonnic factors blamed for the decline in shad abundance, such as physical changes in the environment, construction of dams, pollution, over- fishing, and natural cycles of abundance, are discussed. Also discussed are methods used for the rehabilitation and management of the fishery, such as artificial propa- gation, installation of fish-passage facilities at impoundments, and fishing regu- lations. With our present knowledge, we can manage individual shad populations; but, we probably cannot restore the shad to its former peak of abundance. INTRODUCTION The annual commercial yield of American Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department shad, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson), on the At- of the Interior, to study the shad. lantic coast of the United States declined from Since 1950 the Fish and Wildlife Service more than 50 million pounds in 1896 to about (including the Bureau of Commercial Fish- 10 million pounds during the 1930's. Produc- eries) has been investigating the fishery to tion increased slightly during World War II, (1) discover causes for the decline, (2) deter- but by 1949 had decreased to less than 10 mine conditions favoring recovery, and (3) million pounds. Alarmed by the continued de- provide information for scientific management cline, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries of the species to obtain nnaximum continuing Commission requested the Federal Govern- yields. ment to investigate this resource. In 1949 With available funds and personnel, it was Congress, in Public Law 249, authorized the not possible to investigate all Atlantic coast •"•Present address: North Central Reservoir Investigations, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Box 139, Yankton, S.D. 57078. ^ Present address: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Washington, D.C. 20240. 1 shad fisheries simultaneously; studies gen- the life history of shad (Leim, 1 924), a general erally were confined to only one stream or review on artificial propagation of shad (Leach, area each year. Investigations began on the 1925), a detailed study on the marketing of Hudson and Connecticut Rivers in 1950 and shad (Johnson, 1938), and a historical review during the following 10 yr. (years) included which sunnmarized all available information on the major producing areas along the coast. the fishery and presented the most compre- Because of the extensive coastwide nature of hensive bibliography on the shad (Mansueti this program, field work in any one area and Kolb, 1953). The works of the above au- necessarily was limited to 1 or 2 yr. thors were used extensively to complete this The purpose of this paper is to summarize report. Throughout this report, all references current information on the shad with emphasis to the fisheries of 1896, including tables, are on (1) life history of the fish, (2) condition of from Stevenson (1899), and all 1960 data were the fishery by State and water area in I960 collected during the present study. compared with 1896 when the last comprehen- In some respects, this report is similar to sive description was made, (3) factors re- Mansueti and Kolb (1953). That paper, how- sponsible for decline in- abundance, and (4) ever, was a compilation of available literature, management measures to increase fish stocks newspaper articles, interviews, and letters and to produce optimum sustained yields. and contained unsubstantiated statements and Previous extensive investigations of this opinions subsequently not clarified. In this species included an exhaustive report on the paper we have sought to give only documented shad fisheries of the Atlantic coast of the infornnation and to describe the shad and its United States with emphasis on the year 1896 fishery in the light of recent scientific in- (Stevenson, 1899), a comprehensive study on formation. DESCRIPTION OF ALOSA SAPIDISSIMA The shad is the largest nnember of the her- of abdomen, and large scales which are easily ring family, Clupeidae, in the United States. loosened; a dark spot close behind the rear The species has compressed fusiform shape, edge of the operculum well up on either side single soft-rayed dorsal and anal fins, deeply of the body usually is followed by one or two forked tail fin, strongly serrated ventral edge longitudinal rows of dusky spots (fig.
Recommended publications
  • Notice to Flood Insurance Study Users
    LINCOLN COUNTY, MAINE (ALL JURISDICTIONS) Lincoln County COMMUNITY NAME COMMUNITY NUMBER COMMUNITY NAME COMMUNITY NUMBER Alna, Town of 230083 Monhegan Plantation 230511 Bar Island 230916 Newcastle, Town of 230218 Boothbay, Town of 230212 Nobleboro, Town of 230219 Boothbay Harbor, Town of 230213 Polins Ledges Island 230929 Bremen, Town of 230214 Ross Island 230922 Bristol, Town of 230215 Somerville, Town of 230512 Damariscotta, Town of 230216 South Bristol, Town of 230220 Dresden, Town of 230084 Southport, Town of 230221 Edgecomb, Town of 230217 Thief Island 230920 Haddock Island 230918 Thrumcap Island 230928 Hibberts Gore, Township of 230712 Waldoboro, Town of 230086 Hungry Island 230917 Webber Dry Ledge Island 230930 Indian Island 230919 Western Egg Rock Island 230926 Jefferson, Town of 230085 Westport, Town of 230222 Jones Garden Island 230925 Whitefield, Town of 230087 Killick Stone Island 230927 Wiscasset, Town of 230223 Louds Island 230915 Wreck Island 230924 Marsh Island 230921 Wreck Island Ledge 230923 PRELIMINARY DATE: February 7, 2014 Federal Emergency Management Agency FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY NUMBER 23015CV001A NOTICE TO FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY USERS Communities participating in the National Flood Insurance Program have established repositories of flood hazard data for floodplain management and flood insurance purposes. This Flood Insurance Study (FIS) report may not contain all data available within the Community Map Repository. Please contact the Community Map Repository for any additional data. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may revise and republish part or all of this FIS report at any time. In addition, FEMA may revise part of this FIS report by the Letter of Map Revision process, which does not involve republication or redistribution of the FIS report.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser Oxyrinchus
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus St. Lawrence populations Maritimes populations in Canada THREATENED 2011 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2011. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xiii + 49 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC acknowledges Robert Campbell for writing the provisional status report on the Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus. The contractor’s involvement with the writing of the status report ended with the acceptance of the provisional report. Any modifications to the status report during the subsequent preparation of the 6-month interim and 2-month interim status report were overseen by Dr. Eric Taylor, COSEWIC Freshwater Fishes Specialist Subcommittee Co-Chair. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur l'esturgeon noir (Acipenser oxyrinchus) au Canada. Cover illustration/photo: Atlantic Sturgeon — from Cornell University Department of Natural Resources by permission. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2011. Catalogue No. CW69-14/636-2011E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-18706-8 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – May 2011 Common name Atlantic Sturgeon - St.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Affairs Documents from Maine Executive Council: Subject Glossary
    I 4 \ A B M K I - Alg onquian confederacy, centering; in biaine, Vetromile says that • 11 tribes who occupy or have occupied the east or northeast shore of Jorth America, from Virginia, to Mova Scotia, were Abnaki, but . .aura.ult gives toe following as tribes of the Abnaki: Kanibesinnoaks ( ilorridgewock, in part); Patsuikets ( Sokoki, in port); Sokouakiaks ( Sokoki); Nurhant suaks ( Norridgewock); Pentagoets ( Penobscot); Etemonkiaks ( Etehimin); Ouarasteqouiaks ( jhalecite). All these tribes spoke substantially the same language. The greatest difference in dialect being between the Etehimin and the others. The Etehimin formed a sub group which included the Halecite and tee Passamaquoddy, The Abnaki customs and beliefs are closely related to the hicrnac, and their ethnic relations arc with the tribes north of the St. Lawrence. The Abnaki village w;.m. situated near the mouth of the Penobscot River. From 1604, when Champlain went up that river to toe vicinity of the present Bangor the Abnaki were an important factor in the history of Paine. They occupied the region between the St. Johns River and the Saco River until their withdrawal to Canada. Through the influence of the French missionaries the Abnaki formed a close attachment for the French, and with them carried on an almost constant war with the English until the fall of the French power in America. Gradually the Abnaki withdrew to Canada, and settled at St. Francis, near Pierreville, Que. I -J ABNAKI, c >iit inued The tribes remaining at their ancient settlement8 are the Penobscot s, Passamaquoddy, and ivialecite. Peace was made by the Penobscots with the English in 1749, at which time their bounds were fixed.
    [Show full text]
  • Distances Between United States Ports 2019 (13Th) Edition
    Distances Between United States Ports 2019 (13th) Edition T OF EN CO M M T M R E A R P C E E D U N A I C T I E R D E S M T A ATES OF U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) RDML Timothy Gallaudet., Ph.D., USN Ret., Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere National Ocean Service Nicole R. LeBoeuf, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Ocean Services and Coastal Zone Management Cover image courtesy of Megan Greenaway—Great Salt Pond, Block Island, RI III Preface Distances Between United States Ports is published by the Office of Coast Survey, National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), pursuant to the Act of 6 August 1947 (33 U.S.C. 883a and b), and the Act of 22 October 1968 (44 U.S.C. 1310). Distances Between United States Ports contains distances from a port of the United States to other ports in the United States, and from a port in the Great Lakes in the United States to Canadian ports in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River. Distances Between Ports, Publication 151, is published by National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and distributed by NOS. NGA Pub. 151 is international in scope and lists distances from foreign port to foreign port and from foreign port to major U.S. ports. The two publications, Distances Between United States Ports and Distances Between Ports, complement each other.
    [Show full text]
  • Stillwater Recertification Attachments 2015
    Stillwater Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2712) Project Description Black Bear Hydro Partners, LLC’s Stillwater Hydroelectric Project is a run-of-river hydroelectric generating facility located on the Stillwater Branch of the Penobscot River in Old Town, Maine with a gross nameplate generating capacity of 4.18 MW. The Stillwater Project Powerhouse A commenced initial commercial operations in 1913. The Licensee applied for an amendment to increase capacity at the Stillwater Project via the construction of an additional powerhouse (Powerhouse B). The Project consists of an existing 1,720-foot-long dam consisting of 13 sections of various height, creating an impoundment with a normal full pond elevation of 94.65 feet National Geodetic Vertical Datum. The Project has two powerhouses. Powerhouse A consists of four generating units a total installed capacity of 1,950 kW and a maximum hydraulic capacity of 1,700 cfs. Powerhouse B consists of three generating units with a total installed capacity of 2,229 kW and a maximum hydraulic capacity of 1,758 cfs. Powerhouse A has 50 ft long aerial transmission lines installed from the powerhouse’s GSU to the existing substation. Powerhouse B has 300 ft long aerial transmission lines installed from the powerhouse’s generating step-up unit (GSU) to the existing, adjacent 12.5 kV distribution system located adjacent to the existing project boundary and along the south side of Stillwater Avenue. The Stillwater Powerhouse B commenced initial commercial operation September, 2013. The Stillwater Project generates clean, renewable electricity while providing recreational opportunities (portage trail, parking areas for river access and hand-carried boat launch), fish passage measures, consistent water levels that enhance habitats for waterfowl, etc., and substantial support of the local community through stable property tax payments, reliable voltage support of the electrical distribution system, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • 12.0 References
    SISSON PROJECT: FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT 12.0 REFERENCES 12.1 LITERATURE CITED AANDC (Aboriginal Affairs Aboriginal Consultation and Accommodation – Updated Guidelines for and Northern Federal Officials to Fulfill the Duty to Consult. Aboriginal Affairs and Development Canada). Northern Development Canada, Ottawa, ON. March 2011. Available 2011. online at: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER- HQ/STAGING/texte-text/intgui_1100100014665_eng.pdf. Last accessed on February 18, 2013. AANDC. 2013. Welcome to the First Nation Profiles Interactive Map. Community Profiles of First Nations in New Brunswick. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada, Ottawa, ON. Available online at: http://fnpim-cippn.inac-ainc.gc.ca/index-eng.asp. Last accessed on March 14, 2013. Aboriginal Affairs and First Nation Profiles, New Brunswick. 2012. Available online at: Northern Development http://pse5-esd5.ainc-inac.gc.ca/fnp/Main/Search/FNMain.aspx?- Canada. 2010. BAND_NUMBER=16&lang=eng. Last accessed on October 22, 2012. AC CDC (Atlantic Canada Data Report 4311: Sisson Brook, NB. Prepared February 1, 2012 by Conservation Data S.H. Gerriets, Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville, NB. Centre). 2012a. AC CDC. 2012b. Data Report 4782: Burtts Corner - Napadogan Brook, NB. Prepared April 10, 2012 by S.H. Gerriets, Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville, New Brunswick. AC CDC. 2012c. AC CDC Species Ranks. Available online at: http://www.accdc.com/Products/ranking.html. Last accessed on November 27, 2012. Last updated: August 2012. Adams, J. and S. Fourth generation seismic hazard maps of Canada: Values for over 650 Halchuk. 2003. Canadian localities intended for the 2005 National Building Code of Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • CHATHAM County 32.038237N 81.027567W 80.948434W
    32.038237N 1990 COUNTY BLOCK MAP (RECREATED): CHATHAM County 32.038237N 81.027567W 80.948434W Battery Cir rB any s W oo d s Cir n F a lli ga n At ev r L e r e e 221* v r k s Ct eave umn L Aut Mapmaker Ln a Ropemaker Ln A l D m m t Ropemaker Ln l p i g Mel rose Ave m t C n aker L Mapm 405* s n a d r D s ind W er mm u S a B ak e r D r n n g i r t i t C r e m m Su n ia d In l l W e 302* A ve t A an llig Fa v m e W Old Dock Rd ood nil e Dr s 204* er Ln Catch Oyster t m e o 219* LEGEND r u d 303* C l i a n Richardson Creek M a pm ak er C v t Ave e os elr M e c Johny Mercer Blvd h e Stevedores Cy r 306* D L p n r D s d n i W r e m m u S r h H m am om kc V wei r F gal his p C t m s m Stevedores Ct a D o SYMBOL NAME STYLE Sh c o er c er t s Ct r k B o w s p r i t L n Stone b dir eg Dr Dr y Ba k a o V r n 305 D e e b g e d v r i i e C d w r C s y a r G r V k w i m e c n w o 220* t s m N Bloc kade Ct 304* i Grays Creek a l m p s iew k V oc mm Ha I Hammock View r INTERNATIONAL r D d n a l s I h s r a m t i h W i t Landward Wy ranB ne n Dr n 0 8 y w H S U L a L aM yr 's tC Isla nd s Exw y Gunpowder Ct n n r n e D n e Foremast Ln t C y a t s e r o F N d R sh r a M h rt o N g de Ln Blocka AIR r T e t t e o G d S Forestay Ct l i 307* l Pla n kh ous e Rd S Blockade Ct a r 301* H b n Palm Grove Ct Talahi Island Pl a m e Hall Lyman Trust Land i r wder D Gunpo n h a l L my na Ha Cll t o r t C i h la a T D n L dge i r b ne o St n ir C hi la Ta t C a d y a C t t s Dr Redan 308 b 311 aT la i h rD TJSA / TDSA / ANVSA Ct Bobstay Bowsprit Ct d r 205* uT nr ers C r R D r e r e C e t e v k n s n R o e i y d r a o b e G P 309 y r Rd k ree C Grays t s T s m l Dr int st Po Ea Grove Palm STATE (or statistically equivalent entity) d r r rC i D Coqu ena Dr d R e e b y T ld O C n a q Dr e Lak d 312 u Dr dan Re e a Ke n y sI la n d Dr 0 n ir C a n e u q o C t s a E a COUNTY (or statistically equivalent entity) 8 H re on N s e ts y e Bull River r 401* C u e d a r V ie w C t o y D I n s W i l m i n g t o n R q s 310 w l r a 1 o H N n 313 e a Cir oquen West C d 80 y Hw E s t MINOR CIVIL DIV.
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Savannah
    80 405 Airways Ave S Coastal Hwy 26 104 21 17 Savannah Pooler Pky Tanger Outlets Savannah/ National 25 Wildlife Hilton Head Refuge Int'l Airport Bourne Ave A B (SAV)C D E F G H I HERTY AVE ROTHWELL ST BOU P RNE (ExitRO 104 GARDEN National MuseumBLV D 80 D U A 405 C AZALEA AVE T u A AVE Speedway Blvd W 26 of the Mighty SU HILL R g CITYMELI WH P IG D CA P r ATLE off PI-95)O D B u IP Y A K BLOOMINGDALE ST D R WINGS RD s e T R V ROMMEL RD IN V Q A N Eighth Air Force D R t R v L E W T D U a N L A i IN B R E S S S SAN DR E O V KIE Y R D D E R N D R R O N R D N E A E d E A O L LL A V t T I V E T M V h R S E E E E N V BRAMPTON RD ig L A I r L A E SOUTH K Y V d W D O ELI WHITNEY BLVD AW B A n H D C S l I H E L A L L a S Rogers St M G E a O S h n LEGEND r S SKINNER AVE 102 S a a Old River Rd d l RU Main St nn C CAROLINA i Pooler a 21 e n n a ATHILL RD v e DR 17 a E B a d N Ocial Visit 1 C Park P C H Y n IO Bloomingdale Rd ipem W CK S u T Savannah a M akers A DA n AD V D N 16 ISON E U JO Information a AVE 95 C FO H l H BELL ST N Centers N A ST 404 L R O E SHARON CT L N POOLER DJS WAY IE D I S WESTON WAY G R T S A D Parking K Y RE VD R D ISU 3 BL A LE R N VE Hutchinson Back River Daufuskie P PIN 307 R D LE A E BA S 8 AL P RRE Pooler Pky Louisville Rd 4 T RO N Island Island Jim Gillis Historic Savannah Pkway N RD TH TH LA Restrooms Pine Barren Rd S LA TH Pine Barren Rd OLD LOUISVILLE RD VE T W RO A P IS E A AV 80 V V RYANS WAY D E Pooler Cross Rd SHEFTALL RD FOX ST A Places of Interest AS R 8TH ST N HW D 80 E T Calibogue OOD 516 WELDON ST T S GODBEE
    [Show full text]
  • B-132 Miocene Aquitard and Floridan
    •:.·" :.-.i.'' ~ . ' . ,- ...- ·_, \ .., . '... ;_ .. · -. r··:, • . ·, ., ·'·... ' -~ :7', ....... _ _!. '. ~ ._ .. ,··; :' ..· ~ .. ·. ...,\ ., -~ ', ·, ·, -~ ·, ";. ... _;., , .. ' - '~--~ . ;;.~:· Mio~n·e '.I·· ., aqultard ~ .. ... ; . ~ ; :• o • ~ • I . ·, .~ ,'.' ~ .·'. ·.-· ·,. '' -·' ... • • • '·· j '~ ., -·.: . ~ ~- .. ,- ,• . '·. 1 • ·\ ·( ·, _;~.... -- '._.·,i'' . •.. · •,' . ., - ' ., ': :' }_ '' ... -:·,; ,•,- ''·.'- ·. ·....... ·~. ) • I ;"'!-" .:·:··:'I;· .~ ·.··.. '•. ~.:' ' .:._ ,1, ·... ·' ·..: --~--:. t .... ,, :.' . ·,.;·_ :·:. -·.~. ·. ,..... ' .. ,~~'_.,,,r_: ... !'' . .'. ~ '· . ... ·-.-. : .. ~ . ,' ' :'1- ,. t '. -' • ' ,I ~ ) • ,' .: ·.·-· ::;· ', • '' ~ I : L,' • •':·· ,._. '.1 ,..... _ ; .' f ~ ', I .J' ••• \' .\ ' .. ... '•j'-' ,· ~ ' . ,: -:·. :· ~· ~- ~ ,i,. • _.. ·_, ·-· i_ ·: .•' -~ . -:. .,._ ... •' :. -;~.' ._i.- •':J" .... ' ' .. ·-. ...._ .. : ',, :_ ~ ,'. ,. -~· . '-.·.·,'·:::·-1''• THE MIOCENE AQUITARD AND THE FLORIDAN AQUIFER OF THE GEORGIA I SOUTH CAROLINA COAST: GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF POTENTIAL SEAWATER INTRUSION SITES Anthony M. Foyle Georgia Southern University, Applied Coastal Research Laboratory Vernon J. Henry Georgia Southern University, Applied Coastal Research Laboratory Clark R. Alexander Skidaway Institute of Oceanography GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Lonice C. Barrett, Commissioner ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION Harold F. Reheis, Director GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY William H. Mclemore, State Geologist Atlanta 2001 Bulletin 132 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides the Georgia
    [Show full text]
  • Shad and Herring
    Species Profile: Shad & River Herring: Atlantic States Seek to Improve Knowledge of Stock Status and Protect Populations Coastwide Introduction Interest in American shad and river herring has heightened recently at ASMFC. At the August Board meeting, the Shad and River Herring Management Board accepted the American Shad Advisory Report and Stock Assessment. The approval of the stock assessment marks the completion of over four years of hard work. At the same meeting, the Board initiated the development of a Public Information Document to solicit public comment on potential man- agement action to protect river herring stocks coastwide. Shad and river herring, anadromous fish that spend the majority of their adult lives at sea, historically spawned in virtually every accessible river and tributary along the coast during the spring. However, blockage of spawning rivers by dams and other impediments, combined with degradation of water quality, has severely de- pleted suitable spawning habitat. Species of shad and river herring once supported impor- tant commercial and recreational fisheries along the Atlantic coast. Today, these fisheries are just a fraction of what they were due to riverine habitat loss and fishing pressure. Management under Amendment 1 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan for Shad & River Herring (Amendment 1) seeks to restore these species through conservative regula- tory measures and state-by-state monitoring requirements to improve our understanding American Shad of species stock status. Alosa sapidissima Life History American & Hickory Shad American shad, Alosa sapidissima, are found in many Atlantic coastal rivers from New- foundland to the St. Johns River in Florida. Shortly after recruitment, juveniles emigrate from estuarine nursery areas and join a mixed-stock, migratory population.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix K K- 1
    REPORT OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AQUATIC RESOURCE MITIGATION FUND PROGRAM FEBRUARY, 2012 INTRODUCTION This report is to fulfill the requirement of RSA 482-A: 33 that the Department of Environmental Services (DES) submit an annual report to the Chairpersons of the Fiscal Committee, the House Resources, Recreation and Development Committee and the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee (formerly the Senate Environment and Wildlife Committee) “summarizing all receipts and disbursements of the aquatic resource compensatory mitigation fund, including a description of all projects undertaken and the status of the administrative assessment account”. This report also fulfilled the requirement of the Memorandum of Agreement with the Corps of Engineers, New England District, to submit an annual report on the program. This report is for Fiscal Year 2011, from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. The New Hampshire Aquatic Resource Mitigation (ARM) Fund was established in 2006 by enactment of RSA 482-A:28 through RSA 482:33 to provide wetlands permit applicants with an additional option to address federal and state mitigation requirements when impacts to jurisdictional wetlands and other aquatic resources are permitted that require mitigation. DES manages and implements the ARM Fund in accordance with both the state statutory requirements (RSA 482-A:28-32) and a Memorandum of Understanding between DES and the United States Army Corps of Engineers that ensures consistency and compliance with federal standards. The ARM Fund Program provides wetlands permit applicants with the option to contribute payments to this fund in lieu of implementation of several other possible and more traditional compensatory mitigation alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Salmon EFH the Proposed EFH Designation for Atlantic Salmon
    Atlantic salmon EFH The proposed EFH designation for Atlantic salmon includes the rivers, estuaries, and bays that are listed in Table 31 and shown in Map 105, which exhibit the environmental conditions defined in the text descriptions. Smaller tributaries not shown on the map are also EFH for one or more life stage as long as they conform to the proposed habitat descriptions. All EFH river systems form a direct connection to the sea, but EFH would not include portions of rivers above naturally occurring barriers to upstream migration or land-locked lakes and ponds. The oceanic component of EFH is to a distance of three miles from the mouth of each river. The new designation includes six new drainage systems not included in the original list of 26 rivers that were designated in 1998. All of them are in the Maine coastal sub-region (Chandler, Indian, Pleasant, St. George, Medomak, and Pemaquid rivers). All told, 30 river systems in nine New England sub-regions are designated for Atlantic salmon EFH. The new map includes a more continuous series of bays and areas adjacent to river mouths that are within three miles of the coast. Designated EFH in Long Island Sound has been reduced to small areas where the Connecticut and Pawcatuck Rivers empty into the sound, rather than taking up the entire sound. Also, there are a number of improvements in the text descriptions which make the habitat requirements for each life stage more specific and applicable to three separate juvenile life stages (fry, parr, and smolts). Text descriptions: Essential fish habitat for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is designated as the rivers, estuaries, and bays that are listed in Table 31 and shown in Map 105.
    [Show full text]