Speciale Europaparlamentsvalg
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Indholdsfortegnelse: 1. Indledning ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Problemfelt ................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Problemformulering .................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Afgrænsning ............................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Specialets opbygning .................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Specialedesign .......................................................................................................... 11 1.7 Forskningsreview ...................................................................................................... 13 1.7.1 Fra ceremoniel til pragmatisk mediedækning .................................................... 13 1.7.2 EU og den nationalpolitiske diskurs .................................................................. 15 1.7.3 Forskel på mediedagsordener ............................................................................. 16 2.Dagsordensteorien ........................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Dagsordensfastsættelsen ........................................................................................... 18 2.2 Mediedagsordenen .................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 Agenda building: Indflydelseskilder på mediedagsordenen .............................. 21 2.3 Borgerdagsordenen ................................................................................................... 23 2.4 Den politiske dagsorden ........................................................................................... 24 2.4.1 Professionalisering af den politiske kommunikation ......................................... 25 2.5 Sammenfatning: Dagsordensteoriens første niveau .................................................. 27 2.6 Dagsordensteoriens andet niveau ............................................................................. 27 2 2.6.1 Identifikation af frames ...................................................................................... 30 2.7 Sammenfatning: Dagsordensteoriens andet niveau .................................................. 32 3. Dagsordensteorien i EU-perspektiv ................................................................................ 33 3.1 EU som politisk system ............................................................................................ 33 3.2 Europæisk offentlighed i national kontekst .............................................................. 35 3.3 Europa-Parlamentet – en overset institution ............................................................. 38 3.4. Europaparlamentsvalg som andenrangsvalg ............................................................ 39 3.6 Sammenfatning og operationalisering: En dagsorden i et komplekst EU-system .... 42 4. Metode ............................................................................................................................ 44 4.1 Kvantitativ og kvalitativ indholdsanalyse ................................................................ 44 4.2 Udledning af kategorier til indholdsanalyse ............................................................. 46 4.3 Valg af empiri ........................................................................................................... 47 4.4 Kvalitative interview ................................................................................................ 50 4.5 To forskellige paradigmer ......................................................................................... 52 4.6 Validitet og reliabilitet .............................................................................................. 53 4.7 Sammenfatning metode ............................................................................................ 55 5. Analyse: Dagsordenen under Europaparlamentsvalget 2009 ......................................... 56 5.1 Europaparlamentsvalgets andenrangstræk ................................................................ 56 5.2 Delkonklusion 1: Valgets andenrangstræk ............................................................... 61 5.3 Dagsordensfastsættelsen: Kampen om dagsordenen ................................................ 61 5.3.1 En lukket fest – spidskandidaternes valg ........................................................... 64 3 5.3.2 Pragmatisk valgdækning med ceremonielle tilsnit ............................................ 70 5.3.3 En lunken ’hot phase’ ........................................................................................ 72 5.4 Delkonklusion: Interaktionen ................................................................................... 75 5.5 Europaparlamentsvalg som tema .............................................................................. 75 5.5.1 Den politiske temadagsorden ............................................................................. 76 5.5.2 Mediernes temadagsorden .................................................................................. 78 5.5.3 Få politiske tema-aftryk på mediedagsordenen.................................................. 81 5.6 Delkonklusion: Dominerende temaer i valgkampen ................................................ 82 5.7 Framing af politiske budskaber i valgkampen .......................................................... 82 5.7.1 Policy eller polity på dagsordenen? ................................................................... 84 5.7.2 Nationalt eller europæisk fokus? ........................................................................ 91 5.7.3 Strategi eller substans? ..................................................................................... 100 5.8 Delkonklusion: Frames i valgkampen .................................................................... 103 6. Konklusion ................................................................................................................... 105 7. Litteraturliste ................................................................................................................ 107 8. Formidlende artikel ...................................................................................................... 112 9. Bilag ............................................................................................................................. 116 Bilag 1: Mest omtalte kandidater af alle nævnte kandidater ........................................ 116 Bilag 2: Liste over opstillede kandidater til EP-valg 2009 ........................................... 117 Bilag 3: Personlige stemmetal ...................................................................................... 119 Bilag 4: Samlet optælling valgdækning i alt ................................................................. 122 4 Bilag 5: Nyhedsliste over tv-indslag om EP-valg ......................................................... 123 Bilag 6: Nyhedsliste over avis-artikler om EP-valg ..................................................... 125 Bilag på CD (Se vedlagt CD på næste side) ..................................................................... 130 Bilag 7: Beregninger ud fra kodeskemaer (CD) ........................................................... 130 Bilag 8: Interviewguide nyhedschefer og kampagnemagere (CD) ............................... 130 Bilag 9: Transskriberede interview (CD) ..................................................................... 130 Bilag 10: Partiernes valgprogrammer (CD) .................................................................. 130 Bilag 11: Spidskandidat-valgfoldere (CD) ................................................................... 130 Bilag 12: Kodeskema (CD) .......................................................................................... 130 Vedlagt CD ....................................................................................................................... 131 5 1. INDLEDNING 1.1 ABSTRACT In June 2009, the seventh election for the European Parliament took place: it is an election that invokes significant interest due to the lack of support by the general public - despite being the only political body of the European Union chosen directly by the people of the Union. Underlying issues lay behind the lack of support from the voters, issues which were significant when considering the low newsworthiness: this thesis examines the political communication in relation to the 2009 European Parliament election seen from the perspective of the Union’s institutional, polycentric build-up and the conditions of communication in the complex entity that is the European Union. The specific characteristics are examined in relation to the agenda-setting theory, initially instigated in national terms, and the thesis argues how the agenda-setting theory is applicable when exploring the agenda of politicians and the media in relation to the election. The analysis of the thesis is based on a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a wide range of national media, including both television and newspapers,