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FOREST and RANGELAND ~Rt FIRE HISTORY· BIBLIOGRAPHY ~1' FOREST AND RANGELAND ~rt FIRE HISTORY · BIBLIOGRAPHY Compiled by R.J. Mastrogiuseppe, M.E. Alexander, and W .H. Romme November 1983 ABSTRACT Forest and Rangeland Fire History Bibliography Compiled by R.J. Mastrogiuseppe, M.E. Alexander, and W.H. Romme, U.S. Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Ranger Experiment Station This bibliography consists of 520 references of forest and rangeland fire history investigations carried out primarily in North America. References for Australia, Finland, Sweden and other countries are included. Over 70 percent of these studies date from 1970. A geographic index by state, province and country is keyed by author(s) and date of publication to the alphabetized list. This bib}.iography has been reproduced by the USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station's Fire Effects and Use Research and Development Program, Northern Forest Fire Laboratory, Missoula, Montana, for distribution at the Wilderness Fire Symposium, November 15-18, 1983, University of Montana, Missoula. Cover by Bryan Owen, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Missoula, Montana. FOREST AND RANGELAND FIRE HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY* Compiled by R.J. Mastrogiuseppe1, M.E. Alexander2 and W.H. Romme3 November 1983 1 National Park Service, Redwood National Park, 791 Eighth Street, Fourth Floor, Suite 0, Arcata, California 95521. 1 College of Forestry, Wildlife and Range Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843. 2 Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forest Research Centre, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H3S5 3 Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 81301 * Updated from Bibliography and a Resume of Current Studies on 1 Fire History by M.E. Alexander, Canadian Forestry Service Report o.-X-304, December, 1979 and "Bibliography of Fi re Hi story: a supplement" by Martin E. Alexander, USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Report RM-81, p. 132-134. 1980. 1 INTRODUCTION In a fire ecology research survey (Taylor et al. 1975) of land managers and scientists in western North America, several questions were addressed to fire history. Some of these were: 11 To what degree or reliability can fire frequency and intensity be predicted via an in-depth analysis of an area's fire hi story? 11 11 Can post-glacial fire history be traced by means of charcoal counts in lake and bog sediments? 11 11 In south central Washington how frequently should ponderosa pine be subjected to ground fires in order to approximate natural conditions? 11 11 What is the natural frequency of wildfires as reflected in the distribution of age classes in presettlement forest cover? Can the evidence of climatic variations shown in tree rings (widths of, and specific gravity patterns within, earlywood and latewood) be related to age structure of mature forests to indicate probable past fire disturbance · patterns? 11 11 Did natural fires occurring in the interior ponderosa pine type prior to imposition of fire control happen with any degree of regularity? 11 11 What is the fire hi story of our natura 1 forest stands in respect to (a) different environments and (b) different · geographic areas? What are the expected frequencies and accompanying intensities of fires in various habitat types?" 11 What was the average fire periodicity prior to suppression? What was the nature of fire prior to suppression, e.g., were they low intensity surface fires or high intensity crown fires?" After analyzing their survey responses Taylor and associates (1975) note that 11 The reader who is familiar with the literature will recognize that answers to some of the questions do not really require more field research because a considerable body of literature already exists. Here we have a poor information diffusion from research to on-the-·ground ecosystem managers." The existence of this knowledge gap is not surprising when one considers the fact that the information is not available from a single source but must be obtained from a variety of publication outlets. 2 The purpose of this bibliography i s to attempt to bring under one cover the titles of all the relevant published literature and significant unpublished reports on the many aspects of forest and rangeland fire history. The main emphasis of the bibliography is on North American references, although a selected group of items from other continents has been included. The bibliography was begun by M.E. Alexander, who published the first version of it in 1979 (Bibliography and a Resume Current Studies on Fire History, Canadian Fo restry Service Report 0-X-304, December, 1979), with a supplement containing ' many new references in 1980 (Stokes, M.A., and J.H. Dieterich [Technical Coordinators], Proceedings of the Fire History Workshop, USDA Forest Service Genera 1 Techni ca 1 Report RM-81, pp. 132-134). The complete bibliography is now maintained on a computerized file to facilitate revision, addition of new references, and printing of up-to-date versions of the bibliography. Maintenance of a complete, accurate, and usable bibliography is of course an on-going project, and the authors of this document request your assistance in keeping it accurate and current. If you detect any errors or ommissions, please bring it to our attention. We also would appreciate copies of your own future publications on fire history so that we can add them to the bibliography. This bibliography focuses on studies dealing with fire history, i.e., the historical frequency, intensity, periodicity, and areal extent of fires in a variety of ecosystems. To prevent this document from becoming so large as to be unwieldy, we have been forced to exclude many references dealing solely with related but peripheral topics. However, a brief mention of some of the useful references on these other topics is given in the paragraphs below to help provide access to the now abundant literature on fire ecology. The analysis of stand ages by counting tree rings from increment borings or on stumps, and. the dating of basal fire scars or ecological pyrodendrochronology, a branch of dendroecology (Fritts 1971), is but one means of reconstructing fire history. The investigation of fire history may also involve several other disciplines and approaches such as palaeoecology and historical geography. This fact is reflected in the references selected for inclusion in this bibliography. Two recent surrmaries of methods for fire history reconstruction are Arno and Sneck (1977) and Stokes (1980). See also Romme (1980) for a discussion of fire history terminology and Arno and Petersen (1983) for the effects of stand area on measured parameters of fire history. Inclusion of literature on the pathological aspects of basal fire scars and fire damage (e.g., Meinecke 1916; Munger 1917; Boyce 1920, 1921; Anderson 1934; Garren 1941; Jemison 1944; Wagener 1955, 1961; Loman and Paul 1963) is generally beyond the scope and direct relevance of the bibliography. Many papers describing the dating and mapping of avalanche and glacier paths (e.g., Vi ere ck 1967; A1 esta 1o 1971; Burrows and Burrows 1976) have been omitted although the techniques are similar to those used in fire history. The basics of tree-ring analysis or dendrochronology (e.g., Glock 1937; Douglass 1946; Roughton 1962; Stokes and Smiley 1968; Fritts 1976) and associated field aids and tips (e.g., Bauer 1924; Larson 1954; Bauck and Brown 1955; Ghent 1955; Potter 1959; Cole 1977; Maeglin, 1979; Cantara, 1983) are also available elsewhere. If dating methods were utilized, references on charcoal deposits in peat bogs (e.g., Penhallow 1904; Soper 1919; Salisbury and Lane 1940; Godwin and Tansley 1941; Rosendahl 1948; Harris 1958; Noble 1974; Nichols 1975; Fredskild 1978) are included in the bibliography. 3 11 Only through fire history research, ••• can we evaluate the actual frequency and intensity of fire pertubations in the primeval ecosystems from which evolved the plants and animals our technological society depends on 11 (Heinselman, 1975). It is to be hoped that this report- will contribute to a better understanding of the historical-ecological role of fire in past, present and future ecosystems. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special appreciation is expressed to Ron Knickerbocker, Francie Murphy and Susan Richey, of Redwood National Park, who patiently and carefully typed the bibliography, and to Bonnie Griffith and David Vezie who assisted with editing and gathering information. Assistance was provided on the 1979 bibliography by Stephen F. Arno, John H. Dieterich, Bruce M. Kilgore, Robert E. Martin, Frederick J. Swanson, Gerald F. Tande, and Olle Zackrisson. Sandy B. Burt, Nancy J. Dukes and Patricia J. Smith of the Great Lakes Forest Research· Centre library were instrumental in locating and obtaining original references or photocopies in order to ensure citation accuracy. LITERATURE .CITED . Alestalo, J. 1971. Dendrochronological interpretation of geomorphic processes. Fennia 105:5-139. Anderson, I.V. 1934. Fire scarred ponderosa pine ... what is the loss? The Timberman 34(6):14-15, 26. Anon. 1947. Report of the Ontario Royal Commission on Forestry. Printed nd Published by Baptist Johnston, Toronto, Ont. 196 p. + maps. Arno, S.F., and K.M. Sneck. 1977. A method for determining fire history in coniferous forests of the mountain west. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT -42. Arno, S.F., and T.D. Petersen. 1983. Variation in estimates of fire intervals: a closer look at fire history on the Bitterroot National Forest. USDA Forest Service Research Paper. INT-301. Bauck, R·., and Brown, R.M. 1955. Sharpening an increment borer. Univ. Minn., Sch. For., St. Paul, Minn. For. Note 39. 2 p. Bauer, H.A. 1924. Studying tree growth with an increment borer. J. For. 22: 298-301. Boyce, J.S. 1920. The dry-rot of incense cedar. USDA Washington, D.C. Bul. 871. 58 p. Boyce, J.S. 1921. Fire scars and decay. The Timberman 22(6):37. Burrows, C.J., and Burrows, V.L.
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