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The American JUNE 1968

Volume S4, Number 6

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old adilress label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code LEGION number and current mernhersiiip card number. -Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant.

Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fiftli Avenue New York, New Yorli 10019

Publisher, James F. O'Neil Contents for June 1968 Editor Robert B. I'itkin Art Editor Al IMarsliall THE STORY BEHIND OUR POLITICAL CONVENTIONS 6 Assistant Editor BY NEAL PEIRCE John Andreola Associate Editors The Story of how our political conventions developed over the last Roy Miller 130 years, as an unofficial way to narrow down the number James S. Swartz of Presidential candidates on Election Day. Assistant Art Editor Walter H. Boll Production Manager THE F-111 . . . OUR SCHIZOID AIRPLANE 12 BY ROBERT IRELAN Art Bretzfield Copy Editor The F-111, our military "plane of the future," can do fantastic things. Grail S. Hanford But as the child a of shotgun wedding between Air Force and Circulation Manager Navy, it has been and continues to be controversial. Here's Dean B. Nelson a close look at the plane and its split personality. Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Director Robert P. Redden GEORGE WASHINGTON'S PRE REVOLUTIONARY FORT 17 Chicago Sales Office BY ALDEN STEVENS David Geller Associates, Inc. 35 East Wacker A travel article for today's motorists on Fort Necessity, near Drive Union- Chicago, III. 60601 town, Pa., where 22-year-old George Washington unwittingly 312 CEntral 6-2401 started the French and Indian War. Forty-sixth in the series "Seeing Historic America." Advertising Sales Representatives JE Publishers Representive Co. 8380 Melrose Avenue BASEBALL'S SECRET SIGN LANGUAGE 18 Los Angeles, California 90069 BY JOHN DEVANEY 420 Market Street San Francisco, California 94111 A sometimes amusing examination of baseball's on-the-field communications web that flashes signals and countersigns The American Legion around the diamond even in the quietest moments. Publications Commission: E. James Powers, Macon. Ga. (Chairman) i Howard E. Lohman, Moorhead, Minn. (Vice Chairman) SHOULD THE U.S. GIVE A TAX CREDIT ; Bob Whittemore, Watertoivn, S.D. (National Commander's Representative); FOR COLLEGE TUITIONS? 24 Lang Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION Booth, Huntington, W. Va.; Adolph F. Bremer, Winona, Minn.; John Cicero, Swoyer. pro: sen. VANCE HARTKE (DEM-IND.) ville. Pa.; Clovis Copeland, Little Rock, Ark.; con: SEN. RUSSELL B. LONG (DEM-LA.) Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris Her- nandez, Savannah, Ga. ; Mylio S. Kraja, Youngstoum, Ohio; George D. Levy, Sumter, A LOOK AT NEW ORLEANS, LA 26 S.C.; Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, lotva; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; Morris Meyer, BY R. B. PITKIN Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, An inspection La.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; of old and new New Orleans, scene of the 50th American Bradley J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; Wayne Legion National Convention to be held there in September. L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; J. Cornelius Tromp, Manhattan, III.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bris- VIETNAM NEGOTIATIONS— tol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; NO GAME E. Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.; Edward McSweeney. New York, FOR AMATEURS 32 N .Y., ( Consultant BY WILLIAM E. GALBRAITH, NATIONAL COMMANDER THE The American Legion Magazine is published AMERICAN LEGION monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Second Ky. 40201 by The American Legion, guessing the government during Vietnam peace talks Copyright 1968 by The American Legion. Second-class is a dangerous game. postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price; single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- Departments culation Department of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Ind ianapolis, Ind. 46206. LEnERS TO THE EDITOR 2 VETERANS NEWSLETTER Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., 33 New DATELINE York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by WASHINGTON . 4 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 35 The American Legion, with National Head- EDITOR'S quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. CORNER 5 PERSONAL William E. Galbraith, National Commander. BOOKS 23 LEGION SHOPPER 55 31 PARTING SHOTS 5R NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP num- ber, with check consideration will not be returned unless $2 or money order to ft=mn.^H ''I^; l'^'""'"' a self-addressed stamped envelope is included. This Circulation Dept., P. O. Box magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material! 1954, Indian- apolis, Ind. 46206. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 —

It's one of the best and most compre- hensive Red Cross articles I've ever seen. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR It will make a great hit throughout the entire organization. James F. Collins, General, USA (Ret.) President, American National Red Cross Letters published do not necessarily ex- Russia has long desired, to the Indian press the policy oj The American Legion. Washington, D.C. of of Iran's Keep letters short. Name and address must Ocean. We know the Shah be jurnished. Expressions of opinion and close friendship with the West, but, requests for personal services are appreci- nevertheless, in of Britain's depar- TIME FOR A SECOND LOOK ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or view answered, due to lack of magazine staff for ture from the Gulf area, we must not SIR: Thomas Hoge's article, "A Second these purposes. Requests for personal serv- underestimate the probable political Look at the UN" (April), is the most ices which nxay be legitimately asked of Tlic American Legion should be made to significance behind Kosygin's appear- interesting article on the world organ- Service or your state your Post Officer ization that has at- (Department) American Legion Hq. Send ance in Teheran. been brought to my letters to the editor to: Letters. The Ronald W. Dietrich tention. Congratulations to you and the Ave- American Legion Magazine. 720 5th Washington, D.C. author. nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. C. C. MOSELEY HUMAN PITFALL Beverly Hills, Calif. BRITAIN'S RETREAT FROM THE EAST sir: Under "People and Quotes" in your in SIR: It is not too soon for our State De- Dateline Washington feature for May, sir: As Mr. Hoge points out his second partment to begin watching, very, very you attribute a quote, entitled "Com- look at the United Nations, while Russia closely, political moves in the East, and puter Pitfall," to Rep. Cornelius E. and France are in arrears to the total one hopes that your article, "Where Gallagher, but give his state as New whopping sum of $78 million, nothing Does Britain's Retreat from the East Hampshire. Representative Gallagher is has been done to enforce Article 19 of Leave Us?" (May), can serve as a re- from New Jersey (13th District). the UN Charter, which the U.S. sup- minder that we cannot afford to wait Barney Swift ported and which would deny these two until 1971, when Britain will complete Englewood, N.J. countries their vote. Recently, six mem- her withdrawal, to review the situa- bers—the Congo, Haiti, Dahomey, Do- tion. One must be aware of the doors Our source said New Hampshire, but minican Republic, Mali and Paraguay that will be opened by Britain's deci- New Jersey is right. Apologies to Repre- more than two years behind in their sion. Recently, Russia's Premier Kosy- sentative Gallagher and New Jersey. payments were barred from UN voting. gin paid a visit to Iran, the first Soviet The total arrears of these six hardly head to do so since Stalin was there for RED CROSS CLOSE-UP wealthy nations amount to a bit over bul- the WW2 meeting with Roosevelt and sir: To paraphrase the subtitle of "The $146,000. As Mr. Hoge said, the UN Churchill. Iran, of course, borders the Red Cross in Flood and War" (April), lies little guys, but not big guys. Today, seek equality Persian Gulf, and is the single geogra- you certainly "did good" for us. while the world's people another instance phical wedge that lies between Russia We're deeply indebted to you and your and equity, we see here and the Gulf, affording a gateway, which staff and Mr. Mahoney for this fine story. of an inequitable decision reached by the world organization. Gerald S. Holmes Atlanta, Ga.

General Curtis LeMay NO TIME FOR SECOND-GUESSING SIR: Negotiations with North Vietnam and the Viet Cong, if they come off, will begins his be both difficult and delicate. No citizen, outside of the government which we have elected, is competent to judge the details of the arrangements as they pro- toughest battle. ceed. Yet we already hear TV broad- casters, office-seekers and others getting to work second-guessing the President It should be your fight, too. step-by-step, even taking the enemy's General Curtis LeMay, the first commander-in-chief of SAC, is fighting to save position, as the delicate maneuvering begins. In opinion, the broadcasters America from itself. From its phony "experts." From its "defense intellectuals." And my do it to show off their fancied superiority from its "false prophets who are deceiving America." over the government in affairs in which Gen. LeMay begins his fight with a slashing, startling new book, America Is In they never had any responsibility, and in Danger. Here, for the first time, he tells the blunt truth about the shocking deteriora- which their interest is to increase their defenses. tion of U.S. military audience ratings; while the politicians stand nakedly exposed to attack. He says our government's Gen. LeMay says we do it for the sorriest of all motives—hope have claims of nuclear superiority are exaggerated and misleading. He says we of personal advancement. This is no time permitted our general war capability to rust. He tells how this has happened-and for persons or corporations seeking per- further what we should do about it. sonal aggrandizement to do dam- Discussed. to the country by sticking their This is a book you must read now. Its facts must be known. Circulated. age grave affairs Because now, more than ever before, p— —_ — — amateurish noses into which they hardly comprehend. America is in danger. I Dept. AM, Funk & Wagnalls Jason Y. Maltherne your copy of America Is In I 380 Madison Avenue, N.Y., N.Y. 10017 Get Los Angeles, Calij. Danger at your bookstore today, or at once copies of America Is In j ship me ' or money order send this coupon. Danger at $5.95 a copy.* Check I enclosed. THE CRISIS IN MONEY sir: "What's Happening To Money" is ! Name__ PLEASE PRINT article I America Is In Danger I the first simple, understandable have read that explains this aspect of by General Curtis E. LeMay Address, j our financial position in world and local with Major General Dale 0. Smith | Q^^y state zip. affairs. City residents, please add 5% sales tax. /^n 1 o 1V7- II I *New York Frank A. Bremer I Irunk Wagnalls State residents, add sales tax. & , New York 2% al-5 y Des Plaines, 111. rVV/l Division vl• Reader's Digest Books. Inc.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 II

sir: "What's Happening To Money" Switch to a Volimteer Army?", which (March) is the best thing I have ever presented two sides of the question by seen printed that explains the subject two Congressmen, was excellent. I hope so that the man in the street can under- you will continue this kind of presenta- stand what it is all about. I wish every- tion indefinitely and cover as many KtdoorShop one could have the opportunity to read questions of national importance as pos- it. sible. For example, I would certainly _ Here are more J. W. Freyermuth like to read both sides of the question great buys for Ben Franklin Cigar Claremont, Calif. of whether we should be trading with ^oKcfs. Con Unue to watch these pages for Communist nations. I hope you will pub- he year. sir: The article is the best I've seen on lish two Congressmen's opinions on this the gold issue. most vital issue. PORTABLE GRILL BY PlediufB. 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STRATEGY IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION EXTOLS VA HOSPITAL CARE sir: John Clagett's article, "The Mili- SIR: My brother, who passed away re- tary Strategy of the American Revolu- cently, had been confined to the local tion" (March), was excellent. We need Veterans Hospital for the past 11 years, this kind of inspiring documentation and I would like to say that I am truly from time to time in order to reacquaint grateful for the treatment he received AMERICAN FLAG _ ourselves with events that make up our there during those long years of con- HOUSE SET BY UcilUdf. ^O^Ufie heritage. finement. Proudly fly the colors on flag days with this big 3' X 5' American flag. Each outfit consists L. H. I Mappes cannot praise too highly the class of of a fast-dyed flag made of good cotton sheeting with printed stars and sewn stripes Auburn, N.Y. service that this hospital gives to its ("Pioneer" grade). 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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 DATELINE WASHINGTON RUSSIAN SEA POWER. FOOD FOR FREEDOM. GRAND TOUR OF SPACE.

The Russians are coming up fast as a global sea power PEOPLE AND QUOTES — too fast in the opinion of some Washington military ON PEACE observers . "But wanting peace, praying increased Soviet A naval construction program has foi peace, desiring peace, as million tons tonnage afloat from 1.5 million tons to 10 Chamberlain found out, doesn't partially on in eight years . The emphasis is only always give you peace." Presi- combat fleets such as the one now making its presence dent Johnson, felt in the Mediterranean. Oceangoing fishing trawlers, equipped with electronic snooping devices, have stepped INDEPENDENT VOTER up activities, even cutting heavily into American "Right now the key to politi- catches off New England. cal success is the independent U.S. experts see the move as a breaking out of the voter, growing in numbers and old Stalinist continental shell. They believe the Red growing in disillusionment with ." naval expansion could lead into: (1) a balance with both parties . . Sen. Thruston Western naval forces that would remove Soviet insecurity B. Morton, (R-Ky.) and suspicion, and thus a greater political and economic responsibility to world order; or (2) an TELL CUSTOMERS ". equal power position that would permit greater risks . . business has an obliga- in probing various world issues for Western weakness. tion to explain, educate and in- An example of the latter, considered more likely, is form consumers about the Yemen, where the Soviets are attempting to take ad- levels of price and how they vantage of the British pullout while the United States are established." Lee S. Bick- is bogged down in Southeast Asia. more, President, National Bis- cuit Co.

There are s ome in the nation' s capital —headed by WHOSE POOR? of the President Johnson—who are particularly proud "As businessmen, we cannot which last little-known F ood for Freedom program, isolate ourselves from poverty, of year alone dis patched 15 million metric tons food or pretend the poor are the "to wage war on hunge r the equivalent of ten pounds — . . stepchildren of Government . of food for every member of the human race. The responsibility of business report, U.S. food aid, according to the President's to bear its burden is clear and has helped Israel, Taiwan, the Philippines and Korea immediate." Roy D. Chapin, Jr., build a solid record of economic achievement. Alto- Chairman, American Motors gether 39 countries accepted our food aid, while Corp. undertaking a program of agricultural self-help. The President revealed that Food for Freedom also WIN OR ELSE encourages world trade in farm products, which reached "There are two types of an all time high of nearly $40 billion in 1967, thereby (baseball) managers—winning stimulating U.S. agricultural exports too. managers and ex-managers." Gil Hodges, manager of New York Mets. It ' s true that the U. S. public, after ten years of space thrills, today takes moon probes and the like MAN VS. MOON as a matter of routine. But if Congress will continue to provide sufficient funds —a presently dwindling if "If the lot of millions of Americans is more important —y^_S^ scientists are planning new, spectacular astro the moon feats over the next decade. One project recently than putting a man on presented to a special space forum here looks to a in this decade, let us invest single spacecraft taking off on a grand tour to Jupiter, more in people than in space." George Romney. Saturn, Uranus and Neptiine, a 2.8 billion-mile trip Michigan Gov. only nine years with a gravitational assist requiring OBLIGATION TO CONSTRUCT, technique as against 30 years for a direct-flight TOO mission. "The rebel who overturns Space projects, however, cost vast sums and pressure society's conventions must take has been rising in Congress to cut space spending. on the corresponding obligation Budget reductions have already been applied so that to construct new and better today there are only some 270,000 workers involved in conventions in their place." the space research industry, against 420,000 in 1966. N.Y. Mayor John Lindsay.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 ing of the Commission was held in Wash- ington on Oct. 2. The Times sent no rep- EDITOR'S resentative, and no answer was received to the second invitation. dhelMzf HBHHH CORNER We do not know what to make of an institution such as the Times when it de- clines an invitation to participate in the WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? ^pe dbbacco work of a Presidential Commission, ig- THE New York Times editorial staff has nores a plea of the Commission to help that veterans are ene- a basic belief war it hear all possible views, and then enters mies of the country. It opposes Cabinet the scene later hurling charges of bias at rank for the Veterans Administration for such a Commission. This is certainly not fear that a Secretary of Veterans Affairs in the tradition of American leadership. might be responsive to the needs and prob- lems of veterans as other Cabinet officers CORRECTION, AMPLIFICATION & Lights easy- are responsive to their areas of interest. DEVILS lakes its own good time The Times states that the veterans pro- CASE YOU don't know it, there is a about burning. gram is now the fifth ranking national pro- IN gram, and estimates that 50% of the popu- special little devil that hangs over au- lation will soon be members of veterans thors, editors and publishers who sees to Bond Street doesn't rush you. families. it that if a little error goes through, it Given a good stream, you can just little error, it some- To us, that seems an overriding argu- may not be a may catch four or five fat trout v^hile how give an unwanted new meaning. Ex- ment for Cabinet rank. The Times' view just one pipeful is burning its ample: several thousand years ago (it appears to be, however, that these 50% slow and lazy v^^ay to the bottom seems) when we helped edit our high are the bad guys, our worst citizens. They of the bowl. All during the smoke, representation, but op- school year book, two letters in a girl's are not entitled to you'll enjoy the gentle taste (and position. So instead of Cabinet rank for name were transposed at the typesetters. don't be too surprised if a passing it as a garble? It did vets affairs, the Times proposes a master Did come out just not. Lousie. are a sportsman has a complimentary board to sit over veterans affairs, whose Louise became Now we word about Bond Street's pleas- stated mission would be to protect the bit sick that four errors sneaked into Prof. ant aroma). country from the war veterans. John Clagett's great story on the "Strategy Pursuing this thesis further, the Times of the American Revolution" in our Bond Street burns slow because March issue. The little devil got his hands opposes creation of a Senate Veterans Af- it has a combination of plugs and on two of them. South Carolina's great pa- fairs Committee, out of a fear that this flakes, for smooth and steady triot, Thomas Sumter, was twisted on the would make the Senate defenseless against burning. If you're not in too much wartime way to the press to come out "Sumner." our internal enemies, the nation's of a hurry, go to Bond Street. And Well, of course you know that in the Civil defenders. taste what you've been missing. All of this in an April 23 editorial in War, South Carolina led off by besieging the Times attacking the report of the the fort named for Sumter. "Sumter" was President's Veterans Advisory Commis- a name that stood as a symbol of Confed- sion (see "Veterans Newsletter," this is- erate aspirations. But who was Sumner? sue.) The Times complains that the Com- Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts, was mission was loaded with those people the firebrand of the Abolitionists in the around the country who are most experi- Senate, whose speeches against the South enced in veterans affairs, and that its views so inflamed Preston Brooks of South Caro- thus represent their "grasping philoso- lina that he beat Sumner senseless in the phy." Senate one day. Please, little devil, won't The Times' attack on the President's you lay off? A Carolinian would probably Commission as biased is surprising, in settle for any misspelling of Sumter ex- view of earlier events. The Times had cept Sumner. Ditto Massachutans. published a similar editorial on June 18, In the same line, Pickens became 1967, prejudicing the Commission when Dickens, again in the proofing process.

it was first created by the President, and Like Sumter, Andrew Pickens was one

before it had done its work. On reading it, of the great partisan leaders of the co- Robert M. McCurdy (chairman of the lonial forces in South Carolina, along Presidential Commission, former assistant with Francis Marion, the Swamp Fox. city manager of Pasadena, Calif., a mem- They often fought with no ammunition, ber of California's state pharmaceutical harassing the British as best they could. board, and long the Legion's Rehabilita- Why, oh devil, does an error in Pickens' tion chairman) turned the other cheek name make him a distinguished British and courteously invited the Times by let- author? Robert Wise, of Columbia, S.C., ter to send a representative to a session writes that the graves of all three are well

of the President's Commission to give it maintained but there's local controversy the full benefit of the Times' view on vet- over Marion's burial place, which is in a erans affairs. pasture near Marion, S.C., with no public The first invitation went to the Execu- right of way to it. The D.A.R. has been tive Editor of the Times last June 27. Mr. trying to get a right of way to it. McCurdy offered to set up a special meet- The time of the Battle of Hubbardton ing at the Times' convenience if the Times was a little off in the article, and (woe is couldn't get anyone to scheduled meetings us) Yorktown, Va., was moved a few in Washington, Philadelphia or elsewhere. miles south to the banks of the James He expressly told the Times that the Com- River (it's really on the York). Corn- mission wanted to get views from as broad wallis actually moved down the James at- a cross section of interests as possible. tempting to contact the British fleet, but The letter was acknowledged with an when he got stuck on the cape between excuse for lack of immediate acceptance. the two rivers he fortified himself at York- When no more was heard, McCurdy ex- town on the York, without moving it over tended a second invitation. The last meet- to the James. rbp THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINF^ • JUNE 1968 5 j

The Story Behind Our

The tale of how our political conventions began and grew, as an unofficial way\

RETTMANN ARrillVE By NEAL PEIRCE

Constitution makes no pro- THEvision for national political con- ventions. No federal law decrees that they shall be held, or seeks to regu- late them. They sprang up as the step- children of political necessity some 135 years ago, and have become a permanent part of our political landscape. "As American as corn pone or apple pie" is the way historian Carl Becker summed up the national nominating con- ventions. Once a Republican or Demo- cratic national convention gets going,

Becker observed, it "emits sounds and lights that never were on land or sea. At dilTerent hours of the day or night, it has something of the painted and tin- selled and tired gaiety of a four-ring cir- cus, something of the juvenile inebriety and synthetic fraternal sentiment of a class reunion, something of the tub- thumping frenzy of a backwoods meet- ing."

Underneath all this hurly-burly that virtually every American now gets to see on TV, there unfolds a deadly seri- ous and important drama. The favorite sons, front runners, caucuses, credentials and platform disputes, bandwagons and stampedes, smoke-filled rooms and dark horses—all have evolved as part of the mysterious mechanism by which a great national party determines its own course for the next years, and, should it be vic- torious in the autumn election, the course of the nation. The men who wrote the American Constitution would be amazed if they could see a Presidential nominating con- vention of the 20th century. They never Chicago has had most conventions. (L.) Republican convention there that named Garfield dreamed of strong political parties as we know them. Thus they never thought to make provision in the Constitution for stance. So they provided for the selection electoral college (as it came to be called) any kind of convention nominating pro- in the individual states of Presidential would nominate the candidates for cedure. "electors"—a mere handful of men to President, and the House would make

As they met to write the Constitution suggest candidates for the Presidency the final decision. j in Philadelphia during the summer of and perhaps sometimes elect them. But the system developed quite differ- 1787, the Founding Fathers assumed In most elections, the Founding ently. Instead of serving as nominators j that Gen. George Washington would be Fathers thought, there would be no ma- of various Presidential candidates, the the virtually unanimous choice of his jority choice among the Presidential Presidential electors, chosen by popular countrymen as the first President. After electors. In that event, they provided vote of the people, ended up as the that, they thought various would-be that the House of Representatives would agents by which the people made the Presidents would arise in the various choose the President from the leading final choice—usually simply to do as states and regions, but probably not with electoral-vote recipients. As James Madi- they were told by the voters. strong national support in the first in- son put it, the expectation was that the By the end of Washington's two terms

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUN E 1968 Political Conventions

to narrow down the Presidential candidates on Election Day, possible the type of mass national gather- ing that was scarcely thinkable in stage- coach days. Two short-lived parties—the BROWN EROS. Anti-Masons and National Republicans (no relation to the modern Republicans) actually held the first nominating con- ventions in 1831. Then, in May 1832, the Democratic Party held its first nomi- nating convention in Baltimore, select- ing Andrew Jackson for a second term as President. Without interruption, the Democrats have held a Presidential nominating con- vention every four years since. Their con- vention opening this August 26 in Chicago will be the 35th in the party's history. The roll of past Democratic con- ventions includes such historic gather- ings as the 1896 convention in Chicago, which nominated William Jennings Bryan after his famed "Cross of Gold" speech; the 1912 convention in Balti- more, which took 42 ballots to nominate Woodrow Wilson for the Presidency; and the 1932 Chicago convention, which se- lected Franklin D. Roosevelt in the first of his four successful races for the Presi- dency. As for the Republican Party we know

today, it held its first nominating con- vention in Philadelphia in 1856, propos- ing John C. Fremont for the Presidency. The Republicans' second convention, in Chicago four years later, nominated Abraham Lincoln, the Illinois country lawyer and former Congressman who would rank with Washington among the greatest of American Presidents. When they assemble August 5 of this year in Miami Beach, the Republicans will be meeting for their 29th consecutive national convention. Over the years, Chicago has capital- ized on its location as the great rail terminus of the continental United States to host more Presidential nominating 1880. (R.), a scene when the Democrats nominated F. D. Roosevelt for 4th term in 1944. conventions than any other city—ten Democratic and 14 Republican conven- in office, strong political parties had al- dential candidates was so scattered that tions. It was in Chicago in 1952 that ready emerged. They, in effect, took over the election ended up in the House. As Republicans nominated their only suc- the function of nominating men for the a temporary expedient in the next elec- cessful Presidential nominee of the past Presidency. At first they did this through tion, that of 1828, the nomination of four decades, Dwight D. Eisenhower. private meetings (caucuses) of party Presidential candidates was done instead Chicago made a bid for this year's Re- members in Congress. But "King Cau- by an irregular combination of legis- publican convention but lost out to Mi- cus," as its opponents derisively called latures, public meetings and local con- ami Beach. The jet plane has demoted it, was attacked in the 1820's as an un- ventions throughout the Union. the rail center to the level of any city democratic institution permitting rule by By the early 1830's, the time was ripe with hotels and an auditorium to suit. powerful cliques in Congress, regard- for the national nominating convention The national committees of the two less of the will of the people. By the elec- to make its appearance. One key factor parties choose the convention city. They tion of 1824, King Caucus was thor- was the development of a national net- look not only for the large hall and hotel oughly discredited. The field of Presi- work of railroad connections, making rooms, but for a favorable political cli-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 CONTINUED The Story Behind Our Political Conventions

BROWN HROS. MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOClp;TY

In 1832, Democrats held the first national political convention (in Baltimore's Old Athenaeum, above) and nominated Andrew Jackson (left) for a second term.

mate and a hard cash oflfer to induce the True to Daugherty's prediction, the party to pick the city. Chicago and Mi- Chicago convention deadlocked on the ami Beach both offered the Republicans early ballots between the two front-run- $800,000 this year, but the Republicans ers. Gov. Frank Lowden of Illinois and decided to go to Miami Beach because Gen. Leonard Wood of New York. Low- of larger convention hall facilities. (It den and Wood went for a half-hour auto- will be the first national nominating con- mobile ride to discuss the situation, but vention ever held in Florida.) neither was willing to step down. A cabal The Democrats picked Chicago. A of United States Senators did meet in fire in 1967 destroyed Chicago's new the famed "smoke-filled room," number convention hall, McCormick Place, so 404 at the Blackstone Hotel, and picked the Democrats will have to meet in the Harding. On the 10th ballot, the tide old but newly refurbished Chicago Am- turned and Harding became the party's phitheater, located beside the stock- nominee. Harding went on to win the yards. Chicago offered the Democrats Presidency, but the Teapot Dome scan- $750,000 in cash and an additional dal darkened his administration and he $150,000 in services, along with assur- died in office three years later, to catapult ances that decentralization of the meat Vice President Calvin Coolidge to the slaughtering industry had cut down on White House. the aromas around the stockyards. But is the "smoke-filled room" any For all their excitement and color, na- worse than a prolonged deadlock on the tional conventions have been assailed convention floor? In 1924, the Demo- as an undemocratic, awkward spectacle. cratic keynote speaker, Sen. Pat Harrison Two conventions of the 1920's seemed to of Mississippi, predicted, "This conven- prove that point—the Republicans' 1920 tion will be no cold-storage affair; it will convention in Chicago and the Demo- be red hot." Harrison was right. The crats" 1924 gathering in New York. delegates met June 24 and stayed in ses- Four months before the 1920 Republi- sion until July 10, casting an incredible can convention, Harry Daugherty of 103 ballots for the Presidential nomina- Ohio made an uncanny prediction. tion. It was the longest party convention "There will be no nomination on the in our history. Prohibition, the League early ballots," Daugherty told a reporter. of Nations and the Ku Klux Klan were "After the other candidates have failed, hot issues. Drys and some Ku Klux Klan after they have gone their limit, the lead- factions backed William Gibbs McAdoo ers, worn out and wishing to do the very in opposition to the favorite of the Wets best thing, will get together in some hotel and anti-Klan groups, New York's Gov. room about 2:11 in the morning. Some Alfred E. Smith. A conservative corpora- fifteen men, bleary-eyed with lack of tion lawyer, John W. Davis, emerged as sleep, and perspiring profusely with the the compromise choice after 14 days. excessive heat, will sit down around a During the long 1924 harangue at Madi-

big table. I will be with them and will son Square Garden, one delegation leader present the name of Senator Warren is said to have told his people to con- Harding. When the time comes, Harding sider "moving toward a more liberal will be selected, because he fits in per- candidate or a cheaper hotel." The Dem- fectly with every need of the party and ocrats so wounded themselves in the pub- nation. He is the logical choice, and the lic eye that they were unable to capitalize leaders will determine to throw their on the Harding scandals in the ensuing support to him." campaign.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 the delegates chosen are not bound to vote for the winner of the preferential primary vote for President. In some states, the delegates run pledged to a favorite son candidate, so that they are really free to vote for whomever they please after a courtesy vote for the fa- vorite son at the convention. This year, for instance, 535 of the 1,333 delegates to the Republican National Convention will be elected directly in the primaries, but only 218 of those can be legally bound in the primary to vote a certain way at the convention. And many will be pledged only to favorite sons. The primaries may influence, but will in no sense force the convention's choice. The most popular way of choosing delegates is at state party conventions or committee meetings—a method followed in 35 states. At times, individual party members can exert influence on these

The Republican national convention in session in Chicago in May 1860. Lincoln, state conventions through local caucuses. whose photo above was taken a few days later, was nominated on the third ballot. But for the most part, the machinery is in the hands of the party regulars.

Both the smoke-filled room and the maries and pressures of television, little Some find it hard to believe that a protracted convention deadlock have has happened since the 1830's to change popular Presidential candidate can really gone out of style in recent years. One the structure of how the delegates are emerge from such a confusing selection reason may be the growing importance picked and how the conventions operate. process—especially with the delegate of Presidential primaries, which often The individual states and their party lists packed with party regulars. This re- create an overwhelming favorite before committees decide how they will select quires an assumption that they won't go the convention meets. Another reason is delegates to the national conventions. for a popular candidate. But the na- television, which creates great pressures They have come up with an astonishing tional conventions—and the delegates on the delegates to get about their busi- variety of ways to cope with the problem. which comprise them—offer more than ness expeditiously. In 15 states there are full-fledged Presi- meets the eye. But with the exceptions of the pri- dential primaries, but in some of these, Even if delegates are known for their EROWN BROS./BETTMANN ARCHIVE loyalty to their party, they are a lot of other things too. The delegate rosters in- clude lawyers and union chiefs, big-city bankers and small-town merchants, civic minded matrons and hardened ward leaders. Governors and Congressmen, state legislators and local party chair- men, professors and political hacks, whites and blacks—a roster as varied as America itself. These men and women know their country and its mood. And they have one great overriding interest that binds them together: winning the Presidential election for their party. Through the maneuvers, the compro- mises, the bargains and deals of a na- tional convention emerges a party plat-

form that most of its members can at least live with. With rare exceptions, the dele- gates go on to select a Presidential nomi- nee who will have a wide appeal to the entire country. In politics, the point of the game is to win—a point politicians rarely forget. When the parties have strayed from this very practical course, they have had their fingers burned. The most dramatic example of recent years, of course, was the Republicans' 1964 choice of Sen. Barry Goldwater, a man popular with the party workers but at the bottom of The Progressive (or Bull Moose) Party chose its founder, Theodore Roosevelt, in result Chicago in 1912. Action split the Republicans, elected Democrat Wilson. most public opinion polls The was THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 9 1 —

CONTINUED The Story Behind Our PoHtical Conventions

a crushing defeat for the party in the allows certain basic representation for If the party currently controls the general election. the state and then bestows bonus seats to Presidency, these choices will—in effect As the population of the United States the states with a big vote for the party's —be made by the President himself, im- has spiralled upwards, so has the size of Presidential candidate in the last elec- plemented by the party's national com- the delegate rosters to the national con- tion or high numbers of officeholders of mittee which he controls. In the party ventions. Especially on the Democratic the party. out of power, the choice of key conven- side, the delegations have been getting It is interesting to note that American tion officers often involves struggles be- bigger and bigger, simply because the Legion conventions are in this class too. tween factions allied with different Presi- Democratic National Committee likes They have often exceeded 6,000 dele- dential candidates. This year we see the to reward states loyal to the party with gates and alternates—greater than either beginnings of such a struggle in the party more delegates, but doesn't want to re- party. in power, and it is a rarity. duce the size of the delegations from any So much of a national nominating con- A convention appears to get under way with key committee meetings a week be- fore the gavel falls to open the first for- ll;iniiijiiiiiii:i |^ HOME mal session. While the various would-be Presidential candidates are jockeying for support among uncommitted dele- gations, the important committees hold their first official sessions in downtown hotels in the convention city.

Attention is likely to be centered first on the hearings of the Resolutions (Plat- form) Committee. Various pressure groups appear to present their points of view on defense, urban problems, civil

-^Pe-eA Clear, rights, law enforcement—all the key DEL[E1ITES)1I1[^«'^» OELEOITES Candid, Says Bryan problems facing the nation. It's more mmiU] than likely, however, that a fairly firm SECRET NlNG:r draft of the party platform will already

OPNEBimSKIlN::? have been drawn up by the platform chairman and his close associates, even Hanhaltan Club C«fttirtfl«t, CtIM in Corn before they reach the convention city. Urnay Put In Hominalion Platform texts may be modified as a result of the official hearings, and of course lively fights may then break out between members of the platform com- mittee when they get down to the busi- ness of approving the individual planks. Cynics sometimes say that platforms count for little in future years. The late Wendell Willkie called them "fusions of ambiguity." But the party's enemies will remind the country when a party fails to live up to its promises. the writing of a platform Longest convention was the Democrats' meeting in New York in 1924. For 14 days dele- Sometimes gates wrangled. After 102 ballots, Davis and Bryan were named to head the ticket. can spark lively fights within a party. In 1960, when Vice President Richard other states in the process. When they vention is "show business"—from street Nixon had virtually no opposition for meet in Chicago this summer, the Demo- parades and hotel lobby hoopla to dem- his party's nomination, he felt that he crats will have an all-time record of 5.61 onstrations on the convention floor needed the full support of the party lib- oflficial participants—2,989 regular dele- that it is easy to lose sight of the crucial erals allied with New York's Governor gates, 2,512 alternates, plus all 1 10 mem- struggle for power that is going on. But Nelson A. Rockefeller. The platform bers of the Democratic National Com- there are certain key developments writers in Chicago, working under mittee. The Democratic total of 5,611 which reveal which way the political Charles H. Percy, thought they had the this year contrasts to a delegate and al- winds are blowing. platform in final shape, but, on Friday ternate roll of only 2,888 persons 20 A first and vital sign comes months night before the convention, Nixon years ago. in advance of the convention, when the made a trip to New York to discuss As for the Republicans, their conven- national party committees begin to make the platform with Rockefeller. There, tions have also increased in size, though decisions about the men who will con- Nixon agreed to some liberalizing planks a bit less spectacularly. The Miami Beach trol the real positions of power at the in the platform and Percy was instructed convention will have 1.333 delegates and conventions—the chairman of the Reso- to have them entered. The episode an- 1,333 alternates—a total of 2,666. By lutions Committee (which will write the gered party conservatives and especially contrast, there were 2,188 delegates and party platform), the chairman of the Arizona's Sen. Barry Goldwater, who alternates to the Republicans' 1948 con- Credentials Committee (which will de- charged a "surrender" on Nixon's part vention in Philadelphia. Each party ap- cide delegate contests), and, perhaps and "the Munich of the Republican portions delegates to the various states most important of all, the permanent Party." Southern Republicans were espe- on a complicated formula which first chairman of the convention itself. cially upset about a stronger civil rights XO THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1968 plank drawn up by Rockefeller and silver planks in 1 896. In 1 924, the Demo- Humphrey—then Mayor of Minneapolis Nixon. The plank went in the platform, cratic Convention witnessed heated floor —demanded a strong plank lauding but some of the bitterness from that fight fights over planks dealing with the President Truman for his "courageous" has returned to plague the Republicans League of Nations and condemnation stand on civil rights and asking for fed- ever since. of the Ku Klux Klan. In 1932, both par- eral legislation to assure rights to Ne- In 1964, when Goldwater's conserva- ties engaged in long debates between groes. Humphrey made an impassioned tives controlled the convention, they Wets and Drys before they agreed on speech for the stronger plank, saying it wrote a platform too far to the right for platform planks dealing with prohibi- was time "for the Democratic Party to Republican moderates and liberals. The tion. get out of the shadows of states' rights moderates, badly beaten in the platform Civil rights first emerged as a major and to walk forthrightly into the bright committee, took their fight to the con- platform fight in this century at the 1948 sunshine of human rights." Southern vention floor, proposing amendments to Democratic convention in Philadelphia. delegations, infuriated by the convention strengthen the civil rights provision, con- Party liberals, including Hubert H. vote approving the tough rights plank, demn extremism and assert traditional walked out of the convention to form the Presidential authority over the use of ACKNOWLEDGING OR ACCEPTING Dixiecrat (States' Rights) Party that nuclear weapons. They failed on all THEIR PARTY'S NOMINATION would win four Southern states in No- three. Governor Rockefeller, speaking vember. in favor of the liberalizing, was roundly In 1960, the Democrats had no open booed by militant conservatives in the fight over their platform, but it was galleries as well as some of the dele- drawn up by a group of strong-minded gates. The ugly memory of that night party liberals headed by former Con- was said to have been a major factor in necticut Governor Chester Bowles, a Rockefeller's initial reluctance to seek supporter of Kennedy for the nomina- the Republican nomination in 1968. tion. In effect, the platform helped set Other platform fights convulsed na- the stage for Kennedy's nomination. For tional conventions in earlier decades. many of the same reasons, Republican Both parties had open fights over the (Continued on page 50)

Dwight Eisenhower ^ Lyndon B. Johnson THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 Our latest military plane is magnificent. But it isn't what the Air Force or the Navy

wanted. Here^s a look at the F-111, the controversial airplane with a split personality.

The F-111 Our Schizoid Airplane

The F-111, as designed by General Dynamics, conjectured in flight with its wings swept back. Controversy surrounded it as former Defens(

By ROBERT IRELAN early experimental days the plane was The fact that two of six F- Ill's were called the TFX, and the controversy that lost (to the tune of about $5.2 million WHAT IS A "schizoid" airplane? raged over it was the "TFX controversy." apiece) on their first combat missions in Well, a schizoid person has two Now that the Air Force version is op- Vietnam last March has added fuel to or more personalities, like Rob- erational, the TFX is called the F-111, the controversy, as has the loss of a third ert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. and the controversy, far from dead, is one in April. Actually, their loss may Hyde. Our new and controversial multi- proceeding as the' "F-111 controversy." not have had anything to do with the fact purpose military airplane, the F-111, is The Air Force version, which began that the Air Force plane was compro-

'schizoid" because it represents an at- combat flights in Vietnam last March, mised to meet Navy needs. The last of tempt to make one basic plane do for is the F-111 A. the "bugs" in any new gadget aren't

the somewhat different needs of the Air The Navy version is known as the going to be known until it has been put

Force and the Navy. F-1 1 IB. After nine years and millions of to the use intended, whether or not its

Robert McNamara, throughout the dollars, it may never become opera- design is a compromise. years when he was Secretary of Defense, tional. A Senate Committee recently The split personality of the F-111

made it a firm rule that the Navy and voted to disallow further funds for the forces itself on you when you attempt to

the Air Force must use the same basic Navy version, and noises have recently describe it. As a brand new military air-

craft for their "airplane of the future." come from the Pentagon that the Navy plane it is, by all previous standards, The Navy was to get the Air Force plane, will start to develop its own craft. That's utterly fantastic. On that basis it is noth-

and the Air Force was to accept some what it started out to do back in 1959, ing short of a "gee whiz" aircraft, the

Navy modifications. This led to more before it was told it would have to settle wonder of the ages. Let's look at it for a controversy than has surrounded any for an adaptation of the plane the Air minute in its role as the very latest thing, military plane in our history. Back in its Force then wanted to develop. and forget for a while its other person-

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1968 COURTESY GENERAL DYNAMICS

Pilot sweeps wings back in fliglit, for high speed. F-111 is the first operational plane to have the variable wing feature.

where the air is thickest, the wings have to be short and swept back into a delta shape. Planes with variable wings had been built before, all right, but they had suffered balance problems when the posi- tion of the wings was changed. So they had never gone beyond the research and development stage. Then in 1959, the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration offered General Everest a technique in swing-

wing design that it said didn't upset sta- bility. With this, plans to seek a builder for the TFX (for Tactical Fighter, Ex-

perimental) began. The present plane is the result—altered along the way to sat- isfy some Navy requirements.

Talks with pilots who fly the F-1 1 1 A,

and with mechanics who maintain it, confirm that the craft is a highly versatile weapon. Air Force Col. Ivan H. Deth- man, who commands the 428th Tactical Fighter Squadron (the first unit to get the lllA) and Lt. Col. Ed Palmgren, a North Carolinian who flew 100 combat missions during the Korean War, were both enthusiastic. The F-lllA's com- plex, multi-mission machine exceeded ec'y their McNamara insisted Air Force and Navy use same basic plane. Now Navy may not use it. expectations. The swing-wing design, they said, worked flawlessly. To change the sweep, ality as a compromised, controversial 1.2 times the speed of sound while hug- the pilot merely moves a lever in the craft with built-in features for naval use ging the earth. direction he wants the wing to move. that may never be. It can fly transoceanically without re- While earlier test planes with swing- Before it went into combat the fueling, and carry ordnance ranging wings had a single pivot point on the F-111 A drew undiluted praise from the from iron bombs to nuclear weapons. fuselage for both wings, the F-111 has a Air Force men who had the job of mak- The swing-wing concept originated in separate one for each wing. This solves ing it operational in the States. 1959 with Air Force Gen. F. F. Everest, the balance problem and, pilots say, This is a plane that has stretched the then commander of the Tactical Air makes the plane "feel the same in all art of aircraft building to new lengths. Command, who was on the lookout for configurations." pilot can literally A shape his plane for a successor to the F-105 fighter. To make The sweep of the wings is all the way the job he wants it to do, while in flight. his command more responsive to any de- from 16 degrees back of straight out, He can extend the wings almost straight mands on it, he wanted a plane that which creates maximum lift, to 72.5 de- out for short takeoff and landing, or for could take off from short, unimproved grees back, for minimum drag. With the long-range, fuel-saving flights. Or he can airstrips, fly non-stop and without aerial wings spread out, pilots actually have sweep them in tight against the fuselage refueling across the Atlantic, carry nu- landed the plane at less than 100 knots for supersonic streamlining. The idea of clear or conventional weapons, and go and used less than 2,000 feet of runway. movable wings is no longer new, but the very fast at both high and low altitude. The wings' lift for takeoff and land- F-111 is the first operational plane with The missions were contradictory. ing has been further increased by full- them. Short takeoff and landing, as well as span flaps on the trailing edge and full- Because of the wings, it can land as long-range flight, require long wings span slats on the leading edge. slowly as 100 knots, yet race 2.5 times sticking almost straight out from the At top speed, the wings are swept the speed of sound at high altitude and body. But to fly fast at low altitude, back till the tips nearly touch the tail.

THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 13 —

a distance of well over 1,200 miles. CONTINUED The F-Ul . . .Our Schizoid Airplane This high-speed automatic piloting,

Actually, the plane doesn't need any sign, the F-IIIA has demonstrated it rising over mountains and coursing wings at such speed. Its body alone gen- can dash at sea level 130-to-280 knots down into valleys, is the most dramatic erates enough lift. Flying at altitudes of faster than any other U.S. fighter plane. part of the plane's electronics package, more than 60,000 feet, the F-Ill can It has shown it can cruise 70 to 100% whose basic unit is "TFR" or Terrain- do better than 1.650 miles an hour. farther than any other operational Following Radar. The plane's engine concept is new. fighter. This is with internal fuel only. It can be set for flying at 100 feet. In

It's the first time a turbofan jet engine Mounting external fuel tanks, it can, of case of malfunction, the plane auto- has been mated with an afterburner. The course, go still farther. The plane has matically goes into a steep climb. turbofan. a favorite of commercial air- flown from Maine to Paris, using only "It takes a little self-discipline to keep lines, gives maximum jet fuel economy, internal fuel, and had enough left to your hands off the stick the first time you while the afterburner provides maxi- land it at any base in Spain. use the TFR, but you soon learn to trust mum thrust for takeoff and supersonic For very low-level, high-speed flight, it," one Air Force major told me. The flight. an automatic device takes the F-Ill TFR constantly looks down, ahead and

COUKTKSV, NATIONAL DYNAMICS

crew's module. See pic at F ill can fly faster than sound, on automatic pilot, at altitudes as low as ICQ feet, A close-up of the varying height with earth below. Navy needs cut low-flight range. right for its operation as an escape unit.

side. it displays visual sig- The F- Ill's afterburner is adjustable plane up over hills and down into valleys. on each And panel, to give the pilot a choice of five settings. The Air Force wanted this low-level nals on the instrument which serve as auxiliary eyes when the On most other military jets, it is either supersonic capacity in order to descend can is piloted manually. radar al- on or off, so that once the pilot goes to almost to the earth 400 miles from a plane A information the burner he's running "all out," pay- target, to avoid radar and ground de- timeter constantly feeds ing the price of enormous fuel consump- fensive fire on the final run. It wanted into the TFR on the plane's height from tion. automatic controls to do the job to make earth. flight system is "triply Matching the two engines to the plane it possible in all weather. The Navy had The control it has three created some problems. little need of these features. redundant," meaning that once, any one of There was engine stall under certain Early reports were that modifications circuits working at if either both of conditions until design changes more needed by the Navy had cut the plane's which can take over or is also "self- closely mated the air inlets with the top speed low-level range to 100 miles, the others fail. The system engines. instead of the 400 the Air Force wanted. adaptive," that is, it senses and measures "They've got that fixed," says slightly The Air Force compromised its request the F-lll's motions and compensates graying Brig. Gen. Ralph G. Taylor, to 200 miles at McNamara's urging. for any deviation with direct commands commander of the Tactical Fighter The actual earth-hugging range of the to the flight control surfaces. As a re- other equipment, the Weapons Center at Nellis AFB, near finished product at supersonic speed is sult of this and navigational accuracy is rated Las Vegas, Nev. His command is the classified, but it seems that it is in ex- plane's other fighter we one bringing the plane into the U.S. cess of 100 miles, though considerably 50% better than any it considerably more ac- arsenal. short of the 400-mile range. At slower have, and is curate in bombing. From his standpoint, the General speeds it is much longer. Colonel Deth- system is "a lot better calls the aircraft "an unprecedented man picked up one F-lllA at Fort The guidance anything we ever had," says Gen- success. We test everything from the Worth, where General Dynamics pro- than have a 24-hour seat cushion to the weapons system, and duces the Air Force version, and flew at eral Taylor. "We now tactical capability." if we had any serious problems, we 1,000 feet, following the contours of has been carried farther wouldn't be where we are with it." the earth, all the way to Las Vegas Crew safety this plane than perhaps any before With its engines and swing-wing de- with his hands off the controls. That was by

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 it. It's the first to have a crew capsule being a scratched finger one of the pilots The F-1 11 carries farther than any that separates from the plane in case of got climbing through a fence afterward. previous aircraft the features of "modu- emergency. Because of the speed and Of the first two F-lllA's lost on mis- lar" construction and maintenance. If altitude the plane can achieve, conven- sions, the fate of the first was unknown "modular" construction is not yet thor- tional seat-type ejection is inadequate. at this writing. When the second had a oughly understood by the whole public,

The capsule leaves for the future only malfunction over Thailand, the pilot it will be one day, as anyone who puts a few new concepts. It doesn't spread ejected the capsule, and he and the co- together a radio or other gadget from a wings and fly the men home, or carry pilot came back whole. do-it-yourself kit soon realizes. A unit out an armed attack of its own, so there's Unlike most fighter planes, where the (or module) containing dozens or hun- something left. copilot sits behind the pilot, they sit side dreds of parts can be slipped in or out

Using spacecraft technology, McDon- by side in the F-1 1 1 . Lieutenant Colonel in one block. If one little part malfunc- nell Douglas Corp. built the capsule. To Palmgren likes the feature. "It's got real tions, the whole thing—be it a $50 stereo separate it from the plane, the pilot or advantages in coordination," he says. amplifier or a multi-million dollar plane copilot pulls a pistol grip lever which This type of seating does produce a —is not put out of commission during sets off an explosive charge that severs somewhat thicker fuselage and thus repair. Instead the module containing

Artist's conception shows sequence when F-lllA crew ejects in escape module, which is made by IVIcDonnell Douglas. Escape system operates through the entire flight envelope, even when F-lllA is on the runway. From ground level, the sequence takes 18 seconds; from 30,000 to 60,- 000 feet, duration is about ten minutes because of free fall to 15,000 feet, where stabilization chute opens automatically. Once the crew pulls either of two ejection handles, the rest of the sequence is automatic. Upper torso harnesses retract; pressurization, emergency oxygen, and chaff dis- penser mechanisms are actuated. Crew module is severed and rocket motor fires (1) as stabilization chute deploys. As rocket motor burns out (2) the recovery chute deploys (3) and chaff falls to provide easy target for rescue radar. When the ejection is at high altitude, step 3 is initiated auto- matically by barostats at 15,000 feet, after free fall. The recovery chute lines stretch out (4) and bags are deployed (5) to soften impact. Bags then are inflated as the recovery chute blossoms overhead (6) and the crew module is ready to land (7). Module can end up on either land or water. If water landing is made, control stick functions as bilge pump to help maintain air in flotation bags. After landing, module serves as shelter with full kit of survival aids.

all connections to the fuselage. A rocket slightly more drag, though there's more the bad part is removed, a good module motor fires the capsule upward. All the room for fuel and less instrument dup- is inserted, and the plane goes on flying time, the crew is kept in shirt-sleeve lication. or the radio goes on playing while the comfort. The thickening of the forward area it- defective module goes to the shop. Thus Because the capsule shoots upward, self was a basic design compromise a defective F-111 can be operating even the crew can bail out at ten feet, or even needed by the Navy. It needed space for- before the repairman finds out what's on the runway. Then it fires up and back ward for Phoenix missile operation and wrong with the part, or even which part nearly 500 feet, its parachutes open, the detection gear. The Navy's missileman within the module is defective. To get landing pads inflate and it settles down liad to sit beside the pilot. The slight the plane back in operation, it is only no harder than a paratrooper would. drag of the wide nose helped cut the low necessary to locate which module has

Should a plane drop into the sea, the altitude dash range below the 400 miles the malfunctioning part, if the problem capsule automatically bobs to the sur- the Air Force wanted. lies in a section that had been "modu- face, rights itself and inflates flotation Some combat veterans say they still lized." "Module" once meant a standard bags. The stick that the pilot used to prefer being up front alone, but one unit of size, now it also means a separate control the plane then becomes a bilge points out that it's especially reassuring standardized structural unit. pump, in case the watertight capsule at low-level, high-speed flights to have While all this is nothing new, the springs a leak. four eyes looking out front. On the other F-111 is more easily attacked by a During a test flight that went awry, hand, four eyes are needed more on the ground maintenance crew than any pre- pilots had to use the module. They F-111, because the pilot can't see out vious plane in our arsenal. Built-in self landed safely, with the only injury the right. testing devices quickly locate trouble

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 15 purposes, and these include adaptations D . . CONTINUE The F-111 .Our Schizoid Airplane for foreign purchasers. One bigger, heavier version for the Strategic Air

spots. In many cases a flip of a switch Meanwhile the plane has built into it Command, the FB-1 1 1, is to replace the locates difficulty in a second and leads many features, some classified, to make older versions of the big B-52 bombers. to part replacement within minutes. it a difficult target from ground or air. The President recently called for 75 of

Most interna! parts may be reached at The F-lll's configuration tends to de- them for the coming year. The RF-1 1 lA about shoulder height by a mechanic flect radar rather than bounce it back. is projected as the Air Force's new re- standing on the ground. He gets at them Absorptive material in the skin of the connaissance plane. A model of the F-

by simply removing a panel of the craft blots up radar and returns a dimmer 1 1 1 A, called the F-1 1 ID, is to have the plane's "skin." "blip" to the ground receiver. Various newer electronic gear that goes one up

"You just can't beat it for mainte- defensive tactics are being worked out, even on the A. The F-1 1 IC is an altered nance accessibility," says Maj. Bob such as dumping spurts of fuel and ignit- version to meet special requirements of Autry. an F-111 squadron maintenance ing them into balls of fire with the after- the Royal Australian Air Force. Another

officer, and he's astonished at the tire burner to throw off enemy heat-seeking adaptation for British use—the F-1 1 IK, wear. Six to eight landings on a set of missiles. was cancelled when Britain recalled its COURTESY, NATIONAL DYNAMICS

The F-111 as a bomber. Its electronic gear is said to make it the most accurate Easily accessible part-units can be yanked from bomber yet. A heavier version, the FB-111, is planned to replace older B-52's. under plane's skin and replaced in few minutes.

F-1 00 tires was about par for the course, A separate radar system permits the 50-plane order as part of its military

he says, while "with this plane we've got F-1 1 1 to land on any runway, even one economy program. more than 100." The landing gear has not equipped with radio or radar landing As an operational plane, the F-lllA a new design for operation on rough aids. Missile firing, bombing and navi- has gone into combat on fairly short no- emergency fields. gating to targets are controlled by the tice, and this may or may not have some- The upkeep characteristics fulfill the most sophisticated electronics yet for a thing to do with the headlined losses in toughest set of standards ever laid down military plane. the Vietnam war. If the operational test- by the Air Force and Navy. They said For Air Force use the plane is both ing was thorough, it was short. The first the plane must start to taxi for takeoff a fighter and a bomber, as well as a re- experimental plane was "rolled out" at within five minutes from alert, and be connaissance plane. Different models Fort Worth in Oct. 1964, and flown that able to take off within 30 mintues of have been worked out for specialized {Continued on page 46) landing a previous mission. It from WIDE WORLD should require no more than 15 minutes on-the-ground time to identify any fault in the system, need no more than 15 minutes for pre-flight check-out; remain on continuous alert for five days; fly 30 hours a month, and be operationally ready 75% of the time. Gen. Taylor said that in early operational use in the States his men were getting nearly 60 hours a month flying time, or "twice what we got with other aircraft." The plane isn't built for dogfighting with enemy aircraft (too much speed for one thing). It fights enemy planes with a defensive missile system aimed by ad- vanced electronic brains. Production of

a more spohisticated missile defense is Sen. Henry Jackson (Wash.) and Sen. John McClellan (Ark.), left and center, led under way to replace the present system. probes in Senate of F-111 planning by former Defense Sec'y McNamara, right. 16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1968 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF iNTKlCiOK-K ATlONAl, I'AIUC SKRVICE PUuTO

SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #46 -A travel series for motorists

4^

George Washington's Pre-Revolutionary Fort

Pathetic little Fort Necessity, near Uniontown, Pa., where 22-year-old George Washington was besieged by the French in 1754.

(Readers may find this series of value on from the Ohio Valley. Washington was needed to bring the war out in the open. future motor trips or of interest to stu- politely received but his message was re- The road Washington built through dents of American history. We suggest jected. Dinwiddie then sent a detachment the forest and across the mountains to you clip and save each as it appears.) to build a fort where Pittsburgh stands Fort Necessity became the National today. Driven back by the French, who Road^—the first step in the development By ALDEN STEVENS soon built their own Fort Duquesne at of a national highway system. Trace.s of

Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide Pittsburgh, the men joined Washington it are still to be seen. and his men and helped build an emer- At Mount Washington Tavern (1816- HOST LESSER-KNOWN faCtS A OF gency shelter. Fort Necessity. 18), near Uniontown, are relics of Fort about the earlier life of George In a skirmish during the construction Necessity, colonial furnishings and docu- Washington are symbolized by a small, of Fort Necessity, French Ensign Joseph ments. At Addison, 20 miles east on U.S. Coulon de Villiers, Sieur de Jumonville, 40, there is an old National Road toll- was killed. Later, the French attacked house still standing. Fishing in summer Washington and his force of fewer than and skiing in winter are very good at 400 men. The men fought valiantly, but many points in the mountainous, for-

it was soon clear that they were vastly ested area around the old fort. Gettys-

outnumbered and Washington agreed to burg is 160 miles east. (See American make an honorable withdrawal. He Legion Magazine, May 1967.) signed an agreement, written in French,

without realizing that it referred to 1968 Motel and Restaurant Info: Jumonville's death as an "assassination," In Uniontown: Very Good—Mt. Vernon Motel, 180 W. Main St. on U.S. 40. 43 A/C rooms. and thus "confessed" to the world a Restaurant, bar. (412) 437-2704. Very round, reconstructed fort—Fort Neces- Good— Uniontown Motel, 2 miles E on U.S. 40. 32 A/C sity—^located near Uniontown, Pa., just rooms. Restaurant adjacent. (412) 437-7561. (There are many other satisfactory accom- off U.S. 40, 56 miles south of Pittsburgh. modations not far from Fort Necessity. See Here, on the miserable, rainy night of MOBIL TRAVEL GUIDE to the Middle At- lantic States.) July 3, 1754, Washington was responsi- ble for the official start of the French Your appreciation of any historic site

and Indian War. Washington, then a 22- is enhanced if you read about it first. year-old lieutenant colonel hopelessly The National Park Service's 44-page besieged by French forces, unwittingly booklet, "Fort Necessity," by Frederick signed a document in French admitting Tilberg, available for 25<^ from the Supt. that his troops had "assassinated" a of Documents, Washington, D.C., gives French officer. a good account of what happened there. A year earlier, Lt. Gov. Robert Din- "Guns at the Forks," by Walter O'Meara, widdle of Virginia sent Washington to is an excellent book on the French and Fort le Boeuf, north of the present Pitts- crime he had not committed. This "con- Indian War. Ask your librarian for other burgh, to warn the French to withdraw fession" was the excuse the French references.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 17 —

Even in its dullest-looking moments, secret signals anc

By JOHN DEVANEY BASEBALL TODAY, the giving of INsigns—and the stealing of signs has become such subtle art Baseball's a that Secret only a few fans are aware of all the signals being flashed around a baseball diamond. As Giant coach Wes Westrum lean one way or the other on a pitch, believe that McGraw and Keeler's hit- once said, "Baseball is like church; giving him a quick start on a ground ball and-run play had been planned. Then many attend but few understand." to his left or right. the Orioles won 24 out of 25 games and The fan looks down from high in the But many players scoffed at signs. everyone in baseball was using signs to stands and he sees nine men standing "The only sign that's any good," said hit and run. stock still, waiting for a pitcher to throw. Philadelphia slugger Ed Delahanty, "is It is a peaceful, almost sleepy scene. hit the ball." But now Keeler and Mc- But beneath the picture-postcard seren- Graw showed the scoffers just how ity, messages dart busily between mana- valuable signs could be. McGraw, first gers and coaches, between coaches and batter in the Oriole lineup, had a knack hitters, between infielders and out- for drawing walks or slapping out fielders, between base runners and hit- singles. The next hitter was Willie ("Hit ters, between catchers and pitchers. At 'em Where They Ain't") Keeler, who any one moment, four or five messages could place hits with a marksman's ac- may be crisscrossing an infield. curacy. This telegraph system was invented at "When I'm on first base," McGraw some hazy time in the past. But it came told Keeler, "I'll give you a sign when into its own at the spring training camp I'm going to steal. You hit the ball on of the old Baltimore Orioles in 1894. the ground—toward the spot the second John McGraw and Wee Willie Keeler baseman must leave if he runs to cover sat on a bench in the dugout, talking the bag, or the one the shortstop leaves over an idea. They were inventing a play if he covers the bag." that would prove the value of the "signs" In the first game of the season, Mc- that were then scorned by some players. Graw reached first base. Immediately

Baseball signs trace back to the 1 870's, he wigwagged a signal to Keeler: He'd when pro baseball became popular in be running on a certain pitch. In zipped the United States. The first signs were the pitch. The second baseman ran to between catcher and pitcher, the catcher his bag to take the catcher's throw and signaling to the pitcher with his fingers cut McGraw down. Keeler whacked the for a fast ball or a change of pace. By ball through the hole left open by the the 1890's Chicago shortstop Bill Dahlen second baseman, as McGraw wheeled was relaying the catcher's sign to the around second base and sped into third. other infielders. Knowing what the And so the hit-and-run play came to Even some pro's have a hard time recall- pitcher throwing, was an infielder could baseball. At first other teams refused to ing the signs used by their own side. 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 —

counter-signals are being flashed about the field in pro baseball.

Sign Language A sometimes hilarious account of

the secret codes that have been ivigivagged on baseball diamonds since 1894,

Signs also were used by Keeler and give a sign he was bunting. On the pitch The coach then touches hand to cheek. McGraw to engineer the squeeze play. McGraw raced for home. Keeler bunted Flesh against flesh. That, the batter With McGraw on third, Keeler would the ball and by the time the pitcher had knows, is the sign to bunt. fielded it, McGraw had crossed the Though he now has the sign, the bat- plate, a grin on his Irish mug. ter continues to stare at the third-base Look closely at typical situations coach. If the batter turned away after today. There are runners on first and getting the sign, the opposition—jotting second, no one out. The batter walks down every move the coach makes to the plate and looks down at the third- would soon figure out that touching the base coach for a sign. In the dugout "T" was the key and that flesh on flesh the manager mutters something and was the sign to bunt. scratches his head. A player, sitting next When the coach finishes jiggering like to the manager, fingers an earlobe. The someone with an ice cube sliding down third-base coach stares at the manager, his spine, the batter steps in to hit. The

to decoy the opposing bench, which is catcher crouches and pokes one finger also closely watching the manager. The below his mitt, then four fingers, then

real sign is not the head-scratch, it is two fingers, then one finger. the fingering of the earlobe by the player, Only one of those signs means any- who is getting orders from the manager. thing to the pitcher. All the other signs Seeing the player touch his earlobe, are given to throw off the runner at the coach knows what the manager second base, who can see the catcher's wants to do: bunt. The coach now looks fingers as easily as the pitcher on the toward the hitter. He slaps his hand, mound. Before the inning began, pitcher blink both eyes, winks once, rubs his and catcher agreed: the third sign would hands along his pants legs, then touches be the "live" one. the letter "T" on his uniform shirt. The catcher's sign, two fingers, was Touching that "T" is the "key" in this for the slider, the pitcher knows. But set of signs. The batter knows that all he'd rather throw a fastball. The pitcher the signs before are merely gibberish to may shake his head at the catcher, indi- confuse the opposition. Others are adept at stealing the enemy's The next sign cating he wants another sign. But most signs, to flash to their own teammates. after the "key" is the sign that counts. {Continued on next page) THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 19 —

CONTINUED Baseball's Secret Sign Language pitchers change signs by giving a sign Five. The pitcher sees that third sign, of their own. and so do the shortstop and second base- In this situation, for example, the man. Five is the sign for the pickoff. pitcher rubs the left side of his shirt The shortstop raises his glove to hide his once. That means he is subtracting one mouth, looks at the second baseman and from the sign given by the catcher. One shapes his mouth to form an "O." subtracted from two is one. And sign The second baseman understands. On number one is the sign for the fastball, the pickoff play he is to cover second if the pitcher had wanted to throw a base. If the shortstop had kept his mouth curve, he could have rubbed the right shut tight, the sign would have meant side of his shirt once, meaning add one. the shortstop is covering. One plus two is three, the sign in this The shortstop has another sign to set of signals for a curve. flash. He wiggles his glove behind his Now the pitcher is ready to throw. back. The centerfielder, seeing that In the dugout of the team on the field, wiggle, knows a pickoff play is coming a coach taps his right elbow. Each in- up. On the pitch he will run in to back fielder, seeing the sign, knows this is play up second base in case the throw should No. 4 in its defenses. On play No. 4 get by the second baseman. handling the sacrifice bunt with two men On the mound the pitcher is staring on base—the third baseman covers the down at the hitter. He shakes his head bag unless he sees the pitcher can't get once, twice. At the plate the batter has the ball in time. first baseman to be thinking: Is he shaking the ILLUSTRATED to The off BY BOB CLARKE charges to pick up the bunt. The second catcher's signs? He threw a fastball be- baseman covers first, the shortstop fore. Does he want to throw another covers second. fastball? Or does the catcher want him The pitcher hurls the fastball. The to throw a curve ball? batter, setting to bunt, fouls off the pitch. Actually the head shaking means Strike one. nothing, simply a bit of psychological Sometimes unintended signs are given. Then utter confusion may rule the next Again signs begin to fly. The third- action. base coach gets a new sign from the dug- out. He goes into his twitching routine. Down at second base the runner gets He touches the letter "T" and then taps up slowly. He asks the umpire for time, the peak of his cap. ostensibly to dust himself off. But he is The niboff sign. The batter has been reviewing in his mind some things he told the bunt sign is off. He can hit. has noted about the catcher's signs. In the other dugout, the manager Earlier in the game he had stood at sec- takes off his cap. The catcher sees the ond and watched the catcher. In the dug- sign. The manager, expecting the hit out he had talked with a teammate who and run, is calling for a pitchout—a wide also had observed the order of the signs. pitch the batter can't hit. Then the Both had a hunch the third sign was catcher can fling the ball to third base the catcher's "live" sign. to nail the runner coming down from The runner now edges away from second. second base. He peers down, watching The catcher gives the sign for a pitch- the catcher's signs. Five fingers, three, out. In comes the pitch. It's wide but one, four. . . . the manager guessed wrong: the hit- One. Earlier the runner had seen the and-run sign wasn't on and nobody was catcher show one finger on the third going. Strike one, ball one. sign and the pitcher had thrown a fast- Again the Think Tanks in both dug- ball. He makes a mental note: Is one outs spew out messages. In the dugout the sign for the fastball? of the team at bat, the manager orders The pitcher throws. A fastball! One, The "right" sign is always mixed in another bunt sign. In the defending dug- the runner now knows, is the sign for with phony ones, to confuse the foe. out, a coach gives the sign for play No. the fastball. 2—an infield pulled back to try to make warfare to worry the hitter. The pitcher, The count is now two strikes and two the double play. by not going to his shirt to add or sub- balls. Again the runner moves warily The catcher, though, looks toward tract, already has indicated he will throw off the bag, looking down at the catcher's the dugout, tapping his knee guard three what the catcher signaled for—a pitch- fingers. Five, two, one, four. . . . times. The manager understands the out. One! Another fastball! The runner sign: the catcher wants to try a pickofT The pitch streaks in wide of the plate. steps off the base and yells at the batter. play. A sub, acting on orders of the The batter lunges to bunt and misses. "Be ready, Billy!" At the words "be manager, picks up a bat and swings it The catcher grabs the ball and throws it ready," the batter looks quickly at the three times. The manager is signaling to on a line to the second baseman covering runner. He sees the runner tap his left the catcher: All right, try a pickoff. the bag. But the runner, after seeing the leg twice, a prearranged sign that the The catcher crouches and gives the batter miss the bunt, scuttles back to the runner believes the next pitch will be a sign for the pickoff. He pokes fingers base ahead of the throw. Now the count fastball. below his mitt: two, four, five, three. . . is two strikes and a ball. Moments later the fastball shoots

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 —

"Sure I did," said White. And he de- Sox dugout, Dykes absentmindedly scribed the sign he'd received from the rubbed a finger against his chin. Glanc- coach. ing into the dugout, Bonura saw Dykes "But we changed the signs yesterday," touch his chin. On the next pitch the said Mauch. "You stole on last week's slow-running Bonura took off for home. sign." The astounded White Sox pitcher threw On every club there is at least one wild and Bonura scored the winning run. player who has trouble catching signs. In the dugout, the surprised Senators "For me," says Joe Pepitone, the some- asked Bonura why he'd stolen home. "I times forgetful Yankee centerfielder, saw Dykes touch his chin and that's his "the coaches let me make up my own sign to steal," said Zeke. "I forgot I signs. I tell them what sign I want to wasn't on his team anymore." bunt, to hit and run, to steal, and so on. Most managers do change their signs But even after I make up my own signs, when they play a team to whom they I forget them." traded a player. A few seasons ago Pepitone missed a In the 1952 World Series, however, bunt sign and swung, cracking a long Yankee second baseman Billy Martin home run that won the ball game. The was shocked to see Dodger manager homer cost him a $50 fine. Charley Dressen flashing the same signs When Joe McCarthy managed the he'd employed when Martin played for Yankees in the 1940's, one player missed Dressen in the minor leagues. even the simplest signs. One day the Martin didn't tip off what he knew. third-base coach wigwagged the bunt At a critical moment in one game, the sign four times and still the player stared, Dodgers had a runner on third base. mystified. Martin glanced toward Dressen. He saw toward the plate. The batter, cleats dug The coach made a bunting motion the Brooklyn manager touch his throat in, tees off on the pitch and cracks a with his hands. The player leaped half Dressen's old sign for the squeeze double off the left-field wall, the runner — a foot. "I got it," he yelled. "I got it." play. scooting around third and scoring. "So has everyone in the ball park," All this has happened to one batter in Martin whistled and Yankee catcher muttered McCarthy, giving the ruboff one inning of one ball game. In almost Yogi Berra looked at him. Martin gave sign. every inning of every one of 162 games a sign: Call for a pitchout. Berra did. Jimmy Dykes, as White Sox manager a season, dozens of such signals fly out The hitter tried to bunt the wide pitch in 1938, had little confidence in first but missed and Berra tagged out the of dugouts. For this is a game of ploy baseman Zeke Bonura's sign reading. and counter-ploy, and signs are the sliding runner. And the Yankees won Bonura was traded from the White Sox rockets which managers use to shoot the Series. to the Senators. The first time the White their ploys and counter-ploys into a After playing 15 years for Connie coach said to game. Sox played the Senators, a Mack's Philadelphia A's, Jimmy Dykes, Dykes, "Bonura knows all our signs, Sometimes they are missed, stolen, then a third baseman, was traded to the Jimmy, we'll have to change them." botched up; sometimes they are executed White Sox. Dykes figured he knew faultlessly. And over nearly 100 years enough about Mack's system to steal of organized baseball, they have been his signs. part of some of baseball's wildest, most Sure enough, playing the A's, Dykes humorous and most dramatic moments. stole a sign. "We've got to change our Last season Lou Brock—leftfielder signs," one of the A's coaches told for the world champion Cardinals Connie Mack. could find little humor in missing a sign. "No," said the white-haired manager. In one game he came to bat with a run- "I'll go on giving the same signs. But I ner on first base. Manager Red Schoen- think I know a way to stop James from dienst gave the sign for a bunt. Brock stealing our signs." didn't see the third-base coach relay the In the ninth inning, the score tied, the sign. He swung at the pitch and belted A's had a runner on first base. Mack a line-drive single into left field, moving gave the sign for a sacrifice bunt. the runner to third base. At third. Dykes saw the sign. On the A little later Brock returned to the pitch he dashed for the plate. The batter dugout. Awaiting him was Schoendienst, swung and hit a screaming liner that who fined Brock $25—base hit or no shot right between Dykes' legs into left base hit—for missing a sign. field. Later, a pale Dykes learned that "That happened to me three times last Mack had been giving decoy signs. A season," Brock told me this spring. player sitting next to Mack transmitted "Each time, with a runner on first base, the real signs to the coach. Never again I missed the bunt sign but hit a single did Dykes try to steal Mack's signs. to left field to move the runner to third Connie Mack and John McGraw used

base. But I'd missed the sign and it cost signs more than any managers before Phil Rizzuto would mix a bunt signal me $25 each time." or since. For many years McGraw, as in with a fake argument with the ump. In a game a few seasons ago, Phillie manager of the New York Giants, in- first baseman Bill White saw a sign to "Why should we?" replied Dykes. sisted that each batter get a sign before steal. Bill took off and stole the bag. "Bonura never caught any of our signs each pitch. From 1921 to 1924, when When White returned to the dugout, when he played for us." the Giants won four straight pennants, manager Gene Mauch said, "You didn't Late in the game, with the score tied, no Giant pitcher threw without a sign get the sign to steal. Bill." Bonura got to third base. In the White (Continued on next page)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 21 two men on base in the last of the ninth CONTIN Baseball's Secret Sign Language and the Giants losing, 4-2. Ralph Branca threw a fastball and Thomson Irom McGraw. no Giant batter swung plant a metal plate under the dirt in the lofted the pitch into the seats for a home a bat without a sign from McGraw, no batter's box in his home park. He'd con- run and a pennant for the Giants. runner stepped off a base without a sign nect the plate by wire to a battery in the Was Thomson tipped off that a fast- from McGraw. Even so, McGraw often dugout. If a curve was coming, he'd press ball was coming? "No," insists Thomson. complained that his players played too a button and the batter, his cleats touch- "I never wanted to know what pitch was much on their own. ing the plate, would be jolted a by shot coming. I was so over eager, if I'd known In one game a player got a sign to of electricity. If a fastball was coming, a fastball was coming I'd likely have bunt. Instead he swung and hit a home he'd jar the batter with two jolts. swung too soon and missed it." run. In the dugout screamed McGraw McGunnigle dropped the idea, though, To foil sign stealers, some ballplayers at the man, didn't "Why you bunt?" when an electrician convinced him it use an actor's guile to hide their signs. "The pitch looked so I good thought wasn't easy to engineer, and, if it were, Whenever Phil Rizzuto, the former I could hit it out of the park," said the an electrocuted player would be a poor Yankee shortstop, came to bat with a player. hitter. man on third base, opposing infielders "The trouble with this team," Today's best sign stealers, a number looked for Phil, an adroit bunter, to give screeched McGraw, his face beet red, of National League players claim, are a sign he was going to squeeze the run- "is that you oxes are doing entirely too Leo Durocher's Chicago Cubs. "Leo ner home. much thinking." teaches his players what to look for when "I knew they were watching me," says For several years Dummy Taylor, a mute, pitched for McGraw. A happy-go- lucky fellow, Dummy taught his team- mates the sign language used by mutes to communicate with each other. Mc- Graw often wigwagged the signs in games. The players, collapsing with laughter, also used the signs to insult umpires, making signs that described the umpires' ancestry in colorful terms. That stopped, though, after an umpire threw three Giants out of the game. It seemed the umpire had a mute relative. The best sign-stealing team of all time is thought to be Connie Mack's 1929 A's. Mack's players stole the catcher's signs so skillfully that when a player hit a triple early in a game, he often stopped at second instead of taking three bases. From second he could look down and steal the catcher's signs. Stealing signs seems to be an inborn The first hit-and-run play. John McGraw's raised cap warns Willie Keeler that he will steal on the pitch. Keeler hits to spot left by second baseman as he runs to bag when McGraw starts skill, similar to the fluency in language his steal. that some people possess. "I could look at a coach giving signs all day long," they're on second base and can see the Phil, now a sportscaster for the Yankees, Yankee outfielder Tom Tresh told me catcher's signs," one catcher told me. "to see me give the sign to the runner recently, "and I wouldn't be able to pick "When we play the Cubs, we change our that I was going to bunt. I'd first do off a sign. Other players look at a coach signs three or four times in a game to something that would catch the runner's or a catcher for a few innings and throw them off." attention. One season, I remember, I'd they're stealing signs." When Durocher managed the Giants, turn to squawk to the umpire about a Most sign stealers watch the third-base he didn't have to teach runners to steal pitch he'd called a strike. coach. One of the easiest to decipher the catcher's signs. The spying was done "That would catch the eye of the run- was Iron Man Joe McGinnity, a coach from the scoreboard, a trusted employee ner because I didn't often argue with for the Dodgers in the 1920's. Joe would peering at the catcher through a tele- umpires. Then, too, the opposing play- stand in the box, as immobile as a tele- scope. The spy pressed a button that ers wouldn't be watching me so closely, graph pole. But when the manager gave buzzed in the Giant dugout: one buzz figuring I wouldn't give a sign while I was a sign, Joe jumped like a man jabbed for a fastball, two for a curve. arguing. with a needle. He'd suddenly twitch, At the buzz, a Giant player on the "But I would. As I yelled at the um- dance, fling his arms. Then, the sign bench would yell something at the bat- pire, I'd hold my left hand so the run- given, he'd freeze again, notifying every- ter, such as, "Get a good pitch, Danny." ner could see my palm. When I finished one he'd given a sign and that his last Hearing his first name, the batter knew squawking, I'd peek at the runner. If twitch was the sign. that was the sign a fastball was coming; he was holding his right hand so I could A pioneer sign stealer was Bill Mc- if he heard his last name, he knew a see his palm, I knew he'd gotten the sign Gunnigle, manager of the Dodgers in curve was on the way. Teeing off on and was 'answering.' When I got the 1889. For several months McGunnigle pitchers, Leo's 1951 Giants came from answer, the squeeze was on." wondered, after he'd stolen the sign, how 131/2 games behind to tie the Dodgers Occasionally a sign can be too natural he could tip off his batters to the pitch and force a playoff. a gesture. Last year Hank Bauer, the that was coming. In the final game of that playoff, Orioles' manager, gave the bunt sign by He came up with an idea. He would Bobby Thomson came up to bat with {Continued on page 54)

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 The Gipsy Moth and her skipper approaching Plymouth Sound, iVlay 28, 1967, near end of trip from Australia to England An Uncommon Achievement

GIPSY MOTH CIRCLES THE serious leg injury prior to the start of his tells his story. Evidently a man of rare WORLD, by Sir Francis Chichester. travels is astonishing. Add to that several self-sufficiency, capable of bursts of hot tem- COWARD-MCCANN, INC., NEW YORK, N.Y., defects in the construction of the boat which per and yet able to laugh at himself. Sir $6.95. demanded frequent attention and correc- Francis treats his readers to an expose of In a boat just 53' 1" long, tion Francis Chi- on the part of her skipper, plus the his many misadventures at sea when all too chester sailed alone around the world. Set- prospect of total solitude except for radio often the joke was on him. But though the ting sail from Plymouth, England, on August contact for some 107 days on the outgoing humorous accounts of the chaos aboard, 27, 1966, he traveled a total of 29,630 miles voyage, and for another 119 days on the caused by supplies spilling all over the cabin in actual sailing 226 days. Out to Australia return trip, with weather conditions rang- in heavy seas, and of his many minor acci- via the Cape of Good Hope, he returned by ing from virtual calm to seas of over 60 feet dents may make him seem somewhat a comic way of the Horn, arriving once again at high and winds over 55 knots and you have character, Chichester's outstanding feat Plymouth on 28, 1967. idea May some of what lay before Sir Francis leaves one well aware that here is a seaman It is enough that any man should attempt Chichester. of great courage, physical endurance and such an adventure, but that the man who The voyage of the Gipsy Moth is a de- moral and emotional stamina, one cut from made this remarkable journey was 65 years lightful travelog as well as an exciting ad- the fabric of which life's heroes and legends of age and had sustained a painful and quite venture tale because of the way the narrator are made.

sentence. Why? What had Mott done? 851 Blinded Veterans: A Success Story. Tourist On Trial Newcomb Mott had become lost while AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR THE BLIND, seeking a Russian border check point and NEW YORK, N.Y., paperback, $4.25. INCIDENT AT BORIS GLEB/THE had accidentally TRAGEDY OF NEWCOMB MOTT, crossed an unmarked bor- A Veterans Administration supported der from Norway into Russian territory study of 851 men who have sustained a by DeWitt S. Copp. doubleday & co., without a visa. service-connected disability resulting in at GARDEN CITY, N.Y., $4.95. In a shocking, eye-opening portrayal of least a 70% loss of vision and have received Once again Americans are on the move as just what can happen when a person makes extensive rehabilitation training. The re- summer weather and vacations combine to a mistake behind the Iron Curtain, Mr. Copp port shows that when provided with ade- lure us to new sights, both near and far. has traced the events leading up to and quate medical, social and rehabilitative In a sense, therefore, it is a suitable time to surrounding the Newcomb Mott case. Cer- services, the blind can attain a place in com- recall the frightening and tragic events that tainly, at the outset, no one in the U.S. munity life generally comparable to the surround the case of one American traveler, government ever thought the Russians would sighted. a 27-year-old publishing sales house repre- allow the case to go to the extremes it did, sentative who was enjoying a pleasure trip nor could they anticipate the gruesome out- By A Thousand Fires, by Julia M. Seton. in Europe in September 1965. come. But whether it was all premeditated DOUBLEDAY & CO., INC., GARDEN CITY, N.Y., Newcomb Mott, as author Copp describes by the Russians as a situation they could $6.95. him in this awesome book about his arrest exploit as an example to those who don't re- A biography of naturalist Ernest Thomp- and trial, was distinguished by being totally spect Russian territorial borders; or they son Seton by his wife, which includes some indistinguishable from thousands of other were provoked by U.S. refusal to exchange of his own writings and drawings and gives bright, attractive, fairly prosperous young Mott for Igor A. Ivanov, a known Russian a picture of Seton's childhood, and points American men who graduate from our col- spy arrested by the FBI in 1963; or whether up his interest in conservation and Scouting. leges every year. He had a job that he liked, the Russians felt that it was imperative to a close relationship with his parents and eliminate Mott because of the importance of Suez, by Hugh Thomas, harper & row, brother, and had traveled extensively. Yet something he may have seen while wander- PUB., NEW YORK, N.Y., $5.95. The Suez Canal crisis of 1956 is recalled, he was to become a victim of the cold war, ing around lost, the result was the same. On with emphasis on the leading political figures endure weeks of solitary confinement in a January 20, 1966, almost five months after whose personalities so largely shaped Soviet prison, stand trial in a Soviet court, being taken prisoner, Newcomb Mott was events in the Middle East at the time. be sentenced to a Soviet labor camp and, dead—a suicide by Soviet pronouncement— finally, die, ostensibly by his own hand, on a the mortal wound a slashed throat, but with Books can be purchased through local book- Russian train that was transporting him to 65 other slashes plus bruises and abrasions stores or by writing directly to book pub- the prison where he was to serve out his on various parts of his body. csh lishers. Editors J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 23 .

Opposing Views by Congressmen on Ttie Question

SHOULD THE U.S. GIVE

"YES" As A Navy veteran who finished his college educa- It encourages many tax- tion under the World War 2 GI Bill, I know what it payers to support college means to scrimp and save for an education. I came education who now do not from the coal fields of southern Indiana and there was do so. A relative could pay no other way for me—other than the GI Bill. $300 toward tuition and Maybe that is why I helped ramrod the new GI Bill receive a $175 credit. An through the United States Senate last year. alumnus could provide a Perhaps my own personal experience explains why $200 scholarship to his col- I was a principal author of the Higher Education Act lege for an out-of-pocket and its provisions for loans to the student with the cost of only $50. determination to try for an education. It follows present tax All right, you may say, "but how about me, the credit precedents. We Sen. parent?" While our first priority was attention to the allow investment tax Vance Hartke (D-lnd.) student himself, it is now time to turn to tax relief for credits and fast deprecia- that "forgotten American," the taxpaying parent. tion write-offs as business stimulants. Isn't relief from The College Student Assistance Act was adopted in high tuition costs as great a contribution to our social 1965, based on modification of my 1964 bill providing goals? government guarantees of bank loans to students But if you don't pay taxes a tax credit would do you themselves, plus grants to the neediest. In the current no good. For example, a mother and father of eight 1967-68 academic year, these programs are benefitting with a $7,000 annual income have $6,000 in personal more than a million American college students. With exemptions alone, plus other deductions. To remedy this done, I see the tuition tax credit for parents the such discrimination against the truly neediest, I have next essential step. offered an amendment requiring the Treasury to treat Tuition tax credit provides income tax forgiveness the difference as an overpayment. Thus, a tax credit equal to 75% of the first $200 in tuition costs, 25% of of $225 and a tax bill of $100 would result in no pay- the next $300, and 10% of the next $1,000. Maximum ment at all but a Treasury check for $125. credit per student is $325. Forty-seven of the nation's 100 Senators agree But It helps the low-income family more proportionately. we need your help and your letters. The taxpayer with $5,000 in adjusted gross income would get a $225 allowance on $500 of tuition paid. The taxpayer with $25,000 would get no more. It especially benefits the working student. A single student with $3,000 income pays $329 in taxes. Re- bates for tuition costs will help the working student.

1 If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this bigs

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 A TAX CREDIT FOR COLLEGE TUITIONS? "NO" TAX CREDIT for educa- mounting teachers' salaries. If a tax credit were A tion expenses has been enacted—thereby reducing a parent's out-of-pocket described as an "upside costs—institutions would likely react by upping their down scholarship"—and tuition charges still higher. This would tend to price with good reason. It gives youngsters of moderate families out of college. a tax bonanza to those The goal of government should be to expand and whose incomes are high broaden educational opportunities. That is why Con- enough that they are al- gress renewed the GI Bill of Rights for Vietnam ready sending their chil- Veterans. More than a quarter million of them will get dren to school, but offers college educations under that program this year, edu- little or no help whatso- cations that many of them could not otherwise obtain ever to poorer people who at today's prices. The National Defense Education Act Sen. Russell B. Long is another to of (D-La.) are unable to afford college move open the doors higher learning educations. And the higher to more of our youth. So is the Higher Education Act a parent's income, the more tax credit he would get. of 1965. This act includes scholarships, student em- It is particularly unfair to give a tax credit at this ployment and guaranteed interest-subsidized loans for time for this purpose because it creates this situation: students from all income classes. It has been described If one boy goes to serve his country in the field of as "potentially the most significant assistance to higher battle, his family gets no help; if another boy applies education ever devised." for and gets a deferment to go to college, his family gets Matching these efforts to enlarge education oppor- a tax credit. That makes it a bonus for those who do tunities, the federal government also has acted to re- not serve on the field of battle. lieve classroom shortages and help keep tuition ex- I find many faults with the tax credit approach as penses down. an aid to education, but they all revolve around one These and related programs move in the right direc- central objection—it widens the gulf between the tion. They are doing much to make the American "haves" and the "have nots." dream of education a reality for qualified boys and It rewards the wealthy family with children in col- girls who want to take advantage of them. lege, but does nothing to expand educational oppor- I favor additional legislation in that direction. tunities so that more of our youth can receive a college education. It is no secret that college costs are rising. Univer- sities are charging more and more in tuition fees to meet higher classroom construction expenses and ever r

I have read In The American Legion Magazine for June the arguments in PRO & CON: Should The U.S. Give A Tax Credit For College Tuitions?

IN MY OPINION THE U.S. SHOULD GIVE A TAX CREDIT SHOULD NOT GIVE A TAX CREDIT FOR COLLEGE TUITIONS. j

SIGNED 1 issue, fill out the '^ballot'' and mail it to him. AnnpFtiQ I

TOWN STATE

. . !

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 25 By R. B. PITKIN back when the Post was everybody's But at second glance, there is a good weekly magazine. deal more to fill in. New Orleans is rich YEAR The American Legion's Pete did such a good THIS job on New Or- in a unique history of its own. One of 50th National Convention will be leans as a place to visit that, at first the many remarkable things about its held in New Orleans, from Sept. glance, he didn't leave much to say now, history is that it forces itself on a mod- to Sept. 12. It 6 returns for the first in 1968. when the convention will really ern visitor in many ways, even giving time since 1922. The 1963 convention be in New Orleans. Pete covered the him problems. was for scheduled New Orleans, but un- good eating, the available entertainment, The number one problem that history solved problems at the last minute led the magnificent old homes, the river and gives a stranger his first day in the city to its removal to Miami Beach. By then bayou boat trips, the flavor and hospi- is that most streets have names, not num- this magazine had already published a tality of the city, the famous French bers. When you learn that the Public Li- pre-convention story in on New Orleans Quarter and its renowned restaurants, brary is at such and such a number on our May 1963 issue. It was written by unique jazz music establishments, and Loyola Avenue, you can't figure if Pete Martin, whose delightful interviews so on and on, pretty thoroughly. He even Loyola is a block from where you are with show biz people used to charm threw in some famous New Orleans or miles away. And, with few exceptions, readers of the Saturday Evening Post, recipes. all the downtown street names are his-

JACK BEECH

Jackson Square, where Mississippi valley was added to U.S., Dec. 20, 1803. Old St. Louis Cathedral, the Cabildo to its left, part of Pontalba apartments, extreme left.

4

Municipal Auditorium, site of conven- tion sessions, stands in line of former fort raised in 1700's against Indians. Garden District has beautiful old Ameri- can homes. Even this weather-beaten one is picturesque. Others retain splendor.

New Orleans from air, with some points of interest 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 toric, giving no hint of where they are, main city generally north of it. so that den District, all would not be lost by the as numbered streets do. the land southwest of Canal Street tends mistake. It's worth visiting. There you'll The next thing that confounds you to be upriver. The expression "above see beautiful old American homes, many for a little while is that, in the downtown Canal Street" means on the upriver side. of them built by the city leaders in the area, virtually every street that crosses As this is southerly on the map and just 19th century. Even most of the new ones the main drag (Canal Street) has one a little downhill too, in the rest of the honor the old style.

name on the upriver side of Canal and country we'd be apt to call it "below With only two exceptions, every street another on the downriver side. Canal Street." that crosses Canal from the Jung Hotel

Even before we can explain the his- Unless you orient yourself to the flow to the river changes its name as it crosses. toric reason for the changing street of the river, you may go exactly the This is roughly 13 blocks on Canal

names, it must be said that New Orleans wrong way when someone directs you Street, in the area that will contain most has a special use of such words as "up" to Conti Street "three blocks below Ca- of the Legion convention activities. The and "down," "above" and "below." The nal." You might head south, away from Jung (pronounced as in "jungle," not Mississippi is king, and these words Conti in the French Quarter, and end the Germanic "yung") will house the mean upriver or downriver. The river up in the Garden District. If that's what Auxiliary's convention, the National

snakes by generally west-to-east, with the it would take to get you to see the Gar- Commander's Dinner to Distinguished

LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN CAUSEWAi

CITY PARK STADIUM - SITE OF DRUM & BUGLE CORPS CHAMPIONSHIP

THE FRENCH QUARTER MUNICIPAL AUDITORIUM -SITE OF CONVENTION SESSI ONS

THE FRENCH MARKET CANAL STREET - APPROX. PARADE ROUTE

JUNG HOTEL

ROOSEVELT HOTEL

SHERATON CHARLES HOTEL

GARDEN DISTRICT HOTEL MONTELEONE

CRESCENT IN RIVER THAT GAVE NEW ORLEANS THE NAME OF CRESCENT CITY

identified. French Quarter was the entire original city. International airport shows at left, just below Lake Pontchartraln. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 27 n. n. PITKIN graphically in the early days that the Garden District was formed in a sepa- rate city then called Lafayette. The ONT.NUED A Look at New Orleans, La. French kept their own street names on one side of Canal Street, while the new part of the city adopted different names. The culture wasn't completely di- vided. The modern Chamber of Com- merce tells a tale of an oldtime Irish hack driver who, when told where to go, an- swered, "Oui, yer onner." But the re-

mains of the early division still make New Orleans a city of rapid change within a few feet. Both sides of Canal are typical "business street." But turn left on any cross street as you go southeast of Rampart, and in only a few strides you are in the entirely different French Quarter, or Vieux Carre (Old Square). Here, history will answer another Downtown skyline, seen looking upriver from docks below French Market. question you might pose. If the whole city of New Orleans is justly famous for

Guests and the Auxiliary's States Dinner.

It is at Canal and La Salle. Across the TO LAKE PONTCHARTRMN street La Salle becomes Marais Street. VIA BAYOU ST. JOHN

A few blocks down Canal is Elk Place (entering on the south or upriver side) where the reviewing stand for the Le- gion's parade will be located. If you go looking for famous old Basin Street (re- member Basin Street Blues?) on that side

you could pass it unnoticed at Elk Place.

Elk Place is Basin Street on the other

side of Canal. Since Canal Street is over

1 7 1 feet wide ( reputedly the widest main

street in the world), it is pretty easy to miss these name changes. A few blocks

down Canal from the Jung is the Roose- velt Hotel, the official Legion hq hotel. It just about fills a block between Uni- versity Place and Baronne Street, which, oj DiaQ over mo on the "French" side of Canal, are Burgundy and Dauphine Streets. NOW Most of the Legion committee and "rDDDJACKSON SQUARE commission meetings will be held in the Roosevelt. But others will be nearby in the Sheraton-Charles and the Monte- leone hotels. They are only a couple of

blocks apart. The Sheraton-Charles is on Into the 1800's the main city looked about as It did on the mid-1700's map above. This St. Charles Avenue, on the "American" is nearly identical to today's French Quarter, less the fortifications and some name side, and the Monteleone is on Royal changes. Map is redrawn to indicate Canal Street site, some new names. Street, on the "French" side. Same street. Why these name changes? Well, as you stand on Canal Street looking down sible with the booming American enter- its ironwork balcony and porch railings, it toward the river, everything in the prise and culture that flowed in. The city the French Quarter is the very center of downtown area on your left is the mod- became divided along Canal Street, to this architectural tradition. Perhaps ern French Quarter, a fairly perfect rec- the left French, to the right American, Royal Street has the most and the great- tangle that was the entire original French as you face the river. The island in the est variety. Yet this is typically Spanish city of New Orleans laid out by Jean middle of Canal Street (now solely a in a city that was almost pure French,

Baptiste le Moyne starting in 1718. In bus route) is still known as the "neutral and by and large the general architecture 1803. the United States bought New Or- zone." of the French Quarter is Spanish. To un- leans from France, along with the rest On the right the vigorous and bustling ravel this, we go back to the French and of the Louisiana Purchase. The French Americans built a new business district, Indian War, of whose Pittsburgh events Creole inhabitants (those of French which now forms a great wedge coming Barracks Street is a reminder. The blood who were born in the New World, to a point where Canal meets the river. French lost Canada and all their inland

not in France) bitterly resented it. They And to the right of this wedge, in the foothold on North America to the Brit- disliked the Americans and American big bulge of land along the river, the ish and their colonists along the Atlantic. rule. In their reaction, they preserved early Americans built their homes. This (Though they still claimed the entire the original city as a cultural island of contains the present Garden District. empty midsection of the present United their own, and had as little to do as pos- The two cultures were so isolated geo- States as their Louisiana Territory.)

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JU NE 1968 HIRSCH/PHOTO RESEARCHERS fessed" in French (which he couldn't read) that his men had "assassinated"' a French ensign. He'd actually been killed in a skirmish at the head of an armed scouting party against Washington. The "confession" was used by the French as a pretext to bring the war out in the open. (Our historic travel article in this issue gives more details of this episode.)

The French built Fort Duquesne, to control the upper Ohio from the site of Pittsburgh's present downtown Golden Triangle. Washington returned under Braddock to take it. and saw Braddock lead his men to utter defeat. But in 1758 the British finally captured Fort Du- quesne. The French garrison then got out down the Ohio and Mississippi

Rivers to New Orleans. The little rec- tangular French city that New Orleans Brennan's justly famous French Quarter restaurant, one of many with elegant food. was then lacked room for them, so spe- cial barracks RAI'HO-GUILLUMETTE were thrown up beyond occupants on the old French plan, but what was then Hospital Street and is now under Spanish architectural leadership. Gov. Nichols Street. And that is why A historical oddity is that, techni- the street beyond Gov. Nichols Street cally, George Washington kicked off the in New Orleans' French Quarter is still war that resulted in the end of French Barracks Street. rule anywhere on continental North The French Quarter today is really a America. The effect may have been far living museum, dedicated to very inter- more profound than the American Revo- esting commercial culture, and to com- lution, though Washington's role in get- mercial entertainment that ranges in in- ting the French and Indian War going is terest. It smacks of old flavor that's not little noted. the true flavor of the old city, though As a young lieutenant colonel, he led there are similarities. early attempts to dissuade the French The newer growth upriver long ago from fortifying the site where Pittsburgh, drained the usual commerce out of the Pa., stands. The impending war was then old city (though some is now moving little more than what we'd now call a back). It moved onto and across Canal, series of "border clashes." Washington's while new business arose in the French small force got into one of the first of Quarter selling the French Quarter, and, these "border clashes," south of present- happily, preserving it. day Pittsburgh. He wound up hemmed Not that the flavor is oil to the good. in by a superior French force during a Let's face it. Do away with sex, booze dark rainstorm at pathetic little Fort Ne- and noise as commercial possibilities and cessity. The French officer let his misera- a stretch of four or five short blocks on ble, small force return to Virginia. But Bourbon Street would have to go on wel- the paper Washington had to sign "con- fare. This stretch is dominated by "night BLACK STAR A street scene inside the French Quarter seen from balcony railed by typical iron- work for which the whole city is noted.

At the Peace Treaty of 1763, even as France surrendered Canada she saw that she couldn't long hold the Gulf Coast or the great Louisiana tract that embraced the whole Mississippi watershed from Yellowstone Park to western Pennsyl- vania. Rather than have Louisiana fall at some future time to the British, Bour- bon France secretly gave the whole works to Bourbon Spain, which then held both Mexico and Florida. The Spanish rule lasted from 1766 to 1803. While New Orleans remained almost pure French under the Spanish, the city burned down twice in that period—in 1788 and again in 1794. Thus the pres- ent "old city" is not the city the French Canal Street view looking riverward from above Jung Hotel. Jung will be site of several built, but the one restored for its French convention activities, and Legion parade will pass down Canal there. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 29 Iberville's clique wanted to get rich CONTINUE D A Look at New Orleans, La. quick, chasing gold, etc., while brother Bienville wanted to establish an indus- clubs'" that are strip joints, where gals in likes to congregate especially around trious city on the great river for the long microscopic clothing demonstrate why Jackson Square, which is such a real his- haul to riches. But it took Bienville many "bawdy" and "body" are similar words. toric eyeful that one likes to think the years to have his way. But even Bourbon has other things, in- hippies appreciate it for what it is, rather In 1718 he chose the site of the pres- cluding some of the most genuine hot than as merely a convenient open spot ent French Quarter, and started to build. jazz joints in the land. The city may have in a city for being hippie. In 1722 he became governor and began tolerated the seamier side of Bourbon Let's go back to some history so you'll to build a capital on the Mississippi in Street out of a belief that in a free coun- know what you're seeing when you see earnest. His engineer laid out the bulk try even suckers are entitled to a little Jackson Square. Louis Phelypeaux, of the present French Quarter, modeled If not. then perhaps zoo of their own. PHOTO RESEARCHERS it has done so because you can be out of it all quicker than you can yell

"Help!" if at night you've had sense enough to remain steady on your feet.

It is only a few steps to the more typical French Quarter, with more jazz music places, historic curiosities, fabulous an- tique shops, more old Spanish architec- ture, sidewalk art displays, art and an- tique galleries, coffee houses and the great eating places that are and are not nationally famous.

The French Quarter is also one place by day and a very different one by night. Even though most of the people there are genteel, indeed downright nice, much booze flows at night. A lone stranger is well advised not to overindulge himself, lest from out of the genteel mass some cultural descendant of the old pirates emerge to fleece him in his helplessness. You have been warned. By day the French Quarter is sober

AUTHENTIC NEWS INT'L

Revolving observation tower on International Trade Mart at foot of Canal Street.

Count of Pontchartrain, was the foreign after La Rochelle, France, and had all minister of France back in 1698. Just the streets named by 1724. It was put on that much explains the name of the great the outside of a crescent bend in the and beautiful Lake Pontchartrain that river, hence New Orleans is nicknamed defines New Orleans' north shore, across The Crescent City to this day. The city which the locals have thrown up the was built around a government plaza and longest bridge in the world—a causeway parade ground in the center near the almost 24 miles over water, with no more river, called Place d'Armes (which is the curve than the earth's. To Count Pont- present Jackson Square). The great fires chartrain came one Pierre le Moyne, Ca- in the late 1700's destroyed most of the nadian born, and also known as Sir Iber- buildings. But to the joy of the French ville. He had a proposition. From Can- Creoles, a wealthy Spaniard personally ada the French had reached into the up- rebuilt their old church, now standing per Mississippi, and La Salle had already there as St. Louis Cathedral. To its right

claimed its whole watershed for France as you face it was built the Presbytere as Louisiana. But by 1698 the mouth of to house the priests, and to its left the the Mississippi (key to the whole valley) Cabildo, seat of municipal government

Longest bridge in the world (over 23 was "lost." Iberville petitioned Pontchar- under Spanish rule. They are still there miles) cuts across Lake Pontchartrain. train to let him take settlers and set up as historic museums today. a French capital on the Gulf to control Great events were still to come for and quiet, an ideal time to soak up the the valley and the river mouth. In 1698 Place d'Armes. By 1801 the Spanish had galleries, the food, the architecture, the he set sail from Brest with some 200 set- the same idea the French had had earlier. antiques, the art and the genuinely tlers and his brother, Jean Baptiste le Louisiana was going to be a difficult friendly hospitality of most of the shop- Moyne, also known as Sir Bienville. (In place to hold, what with British power keepers, their help and the average citi- the French Quarter you will see Iberville at sea and independent America bustling zen you pass on the street. and Bienville Streets.) and growing to the north and insisting Hippiedom has naturally invaded the In 1699 they found the river mouth that the Mississippi valley was absolutely French Quarter, though hardly to the and sailed above what's now Baton essential to her, including its river mouth. extent of the sad, self-centered and self- Rouge. But Iberville chose Biloxi Bay, Spain suddenly gave this embarrassing destructive animal-like breed that makes on the Gulf shore of the present state of spot back to France. San Francisco its capital. Hippiedom Mississippi, as Louisiana's capital. There, (Continued on page 48)

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • J UNE 1968 !

WATERPROOF any wristwatch! It's sim- IIFE IN THE OUTDOORS ple, writes E. G. Key of Mount Pleasant, S.C. Before your outing, wrap it in a piece of double-strength Saran Wrap which will cUng to it and seal it. You'll be able to see — the time Danger Charcoal Broiled through the transparent plastic. Though it's not 100% effective, it's a handy trick to keep in mind. Uow DO YOU charcoal broil a steak? Rest WHEN HUNTING, fishing, swimming, it right the on burning briquettes so it boating, water skiing, etc., always carry a A FISH CALL that works every time, sears deliciously on the outside and remains whistle around your neck, advises Harold claims J. T. Escobedo of San Antonio, rare in the middle? Grill it so its flaming Stormer of Washington, 111. When you're Texas, is a windup alarm clock. Seal it in juices char it to give it that mouth-watering in trouble, blow it for help. Its sound will a plastic bag and lower to the bottom near charcoal-broiled flavor? "CAUTION!" now carry farther than your voice, and blowing your baited hook. The ticking will bring the say the medical authorities. "It may be haz- it won't weaken you as shouting can. fish. ardous to your health!" You probably can guess the reason, since you've seen the same BOONDOCKS BATTERY CHARGER: WHEN Scotty Newkirk of Wildwood, N.J., warning on packages of cigarettes. Cancer! That's what Harry I. Miller of Sarasota, enlisted in the army, the Sergeant said, "I'm Health laboratories have discovered that Fla., calls his little creation. Here's what going to give you a number you'll remem- charred portions of the steak, resulting from he says. "If like you to camp out in the ber all your life. It will be yours alone, charcoal broiling, contain cancer-causing sticks far from electricity or gasoline sta- another name for you." Now Scotty uses benzo-pyrene and other suspected hydro- tions, and want to keep your battery from his ex-GI identification number to mark his carbons. A typical 1-lb. charred steak could running down while using lights, radio, etc., tools, tackle, guns and equipment that has collect the same amount of benzo-pyrene without running your car engine, here's no serial number. It's his proof of owner- as contained in 600 cigarettes. The same what to do. Get an engine from a junked ship. theory applies to almost any charred food, power mower, install four bolts athwart the actually—all meats and even burned toast framework of your car (see photo) under NOISY BOAT BOTTOMS, especially or English muffins! the hood, then mount a matching plate on metal ones, will scare fish. To silence them. But for the dedicated outdoor chef, who may feel that fate has dealt him the unkind- est blow, the situation is not completely hopeless. It is possible to cook with char- coal in a way to eliminate the hydrocarbons and hence the danger, at the same time re- taining most of the flavor. 1: Do not allow the fat to drip on the coals. If it does, and catches fire, remove the meat temporarily until the flame has subsided. In any cooking, even in gas and electric ovens, burning fat should be avoided because it chars. Simply move the meat further from the heat until the fat has melted and drained. Or cook the meat ini- tially on aluminum foil until the fat has liquified, then finish over the open coals. There is also a vertical grill which holds the charcoal in an upright container; the steak, too, is held vertically near the char- coal so it can cook by heat-radiation, the drippings falling clear of the fire. 2: Do not cook until the charcoal has burned down to white, glowing coals. Then the smoke (the carbon carrier) will be eliminated. Castoff mower engine will keep your 3: If you feel that meat must be charred car battery charged while afield. to have that distinctive "flavor," go ahead the engine base. When in the field, take en- reports Joe Olsen of Miami, Okla., cover and char it, but don't eat it. Cut off and gine from trunk, fasten to bolts, remove them with discard the blackened parts. The remaining a few inexpensive rubber or fan belt from car engine, replacing it with edible portions will have much of the char- plastic shower mats. In addition to deaden- belt from mower engine to generator or al- ing coal taste, say the authorities. the sound of shuffling tackle boxes, ternator. Adjust belt tension in usual fash- minnow buckets, beer cans, etc., they'll give ion. The little will THE engine run for a long your feet safer traction. RUBBER STRANDS from inside an time, saving gas plus wear and tear on your old golf ball make excellent feelers and legs car engine." WHEN FLIES are hatching on a trout for artificial nymphs and flies, reports stream, it's not easy to catch a few so you M. Bartalini of Fort Bragg, Calif. Clip the PICNIC tablecloths tend to blow off their can match the hatch with an artificial un- strands to length with a scissors and either tables, but Wm. Berger, Jr., of Marion, Ind., less, writes Eugene Dirkman of Calumet, glue them on with Epoxy, or wind them on has the solution, compliments of Mrs. Mich., you've been smart enough to in- with thread. They make good hula skirts Berger. She holds the cloths to the table clude some flypaper in your tackle. The for plugs, also. edges with the spring clips used by bike flies it captures will not only serve as speci- riders, called "pants guards." They're inex- mens, but also as bait on a tiny hook. FRESHEST raincoats in town are the latest pensive and durable. sportsman's product from Cortland Line If you have a helpful idea for this feature Co., of Cortland, N.Y. Reason: they come for POCKET CLEANER picnickers, send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you vacuum-packed in a can along with Cort- sportsmen and motorists is a weak solution $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- land's new 7-Star monofilament fishing line. of kitchen detergent and water, carried in turn, or enter into correspondence concern- ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, Raincoat is reusable and folds to a size no a small plastic bottle, recommends E. R. The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth larger than a pack of cigarettes. Weidemayer of Sellersville, Pa. Ave., New Yorlt, N.Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 31 FOR YOUR INFORMATION Vietnam Negotiations- No Game For Amateurs

By NATIONAL COMMANDER

VIETNAM PEACE NEGOTIATIONS will be dangcfous and distort the portrait of American opinion. This will tend delicate for our officials. Even on our side they must to handcuff our envoys and encourage Hanoi to demand are resolve points among seven allies who have taken active all and concede nothing. As our responsible agents lives of our part, four of whom, outside of the two principals, put not apt to go along with any sellout of the almost twice as many troops in Vietnam as other UN sons, the war will be prolonged by those who have cried table. nations put in Korea. In the best of circumstances, the loudest for a quick settlement at the conference Communists are almost impossible to deal with. They Things are worse because this is an election year ear- have violated every promise they made in the Vietnam marked by recklessness seldom seen here in this century. vague area, from the Geneva Agreements of 1954 to the Laos Candidates for high office have been making "settlement" of 1962. Some at home are urging quick promises about getting us out of the war—so vague that hear concessions by us. In Korea, while we negotiated for 25 neither we nor Hanoi can guess what they mean. We months, the Communists mounted offensives while we campaign phrases that come through as: "Mr. Johnson did not. Our concessions then cost 12,000 American lives. has mismanaged the war, I will give you a different they do The final settlement there is still only an armed truce. choice," or, "Vote for me, 1 will do better." But Our freedoms at home imperil our negotiators' chances not say, and seem never to be asked, just what the "dif- of success. Here any amateur may broadcast his own ferent choice" will be, or what will be done "better" in cure-alls whether he understands the pitfalls or not, what way. This may be a vague appeal to the war-weari- whether he has any responsibility or not, whether or not ness of the people at home for the sake of personal ambi- dangerous in Hanoi, he cares if our interests are served or ruined. tion. But it is something far more Judging from experience, the wilder the amateurish where Ho, whatever else he is, is not stupid. candi- criticism, the more our news media will feature it. And Do such promises mean that, if elected, such all efTorts in Vietnam, give if it is political as well, so much the more. In itself, this dates will forsake past U.S. South Vietnam is a terrible threat to a negotiated peace. Headlined irre- the Communists all they ask and hand sponsible judgments affect public opinion. Many people over to the inevitable bloodbath? As I wrote this, one tend to i5elieve that the publishers or broadcasters candidate attacked the President's conference site nego- he called for wouldn't feature them if they weren't credible. It is often tiations that settled on Paris next day, while hurt a misplaced trust. In our society, adverse public opinion seating the Vietcong. He echoed enemy demands, has always impeded the ability of our agents to make the our chance to get concessions for any we might grant. pressed best settlement. When the British offered us a peace I am surprised that the news media have not without independence in 1778, George Washington called such candidates to say exactly what they mean and let all the political questions in it a "game more dangerous than their use of arms," be- us hear their answers. Of serious to us now than cause it preyed on the war-weariness of the people to this country, none may be more the surrender at the peace table what his troops had won in what these vague statements, so encouraging to battle. enemy, do portend. Legion hat Hanoi has no such handicap. It comes to the table Fortunately I can speak this way with my are aspirants caring not for public opinion at home, where it answers on without charges of partisanship. There critics with a bullet in the head. This gives the Reds a to high office in both major parties who have not indulged winning tremendous leverage in the bargaining. in the dangerous game of olTering Hanoi hope of By contrast, we know that opinion is broadcast here the war at the polls here. for the purpose of defeating our interests and promoting Yet others have made it certain already that any "nego- Hanoi's. The Communist Party operates here under rules tiating" between now and Election Day will be joined purposes. is more that even protect it from official identification. It has by Hanoi only for propaganda Ho will long been inventing inflammatory "issues" and "de- foolish than I imagine, or worse off militarily, if he candidate mands" to aid Hanoi at the peace table, so designed as agree to anything meaningful until he sees if a asks. to trick other Americans to join in the baying without is elected who seems to promise to give him all he negotiat- seeing the Communist (ie: enemy) tag on them. This situation alone may postpone any serious Unless our news media invoke a voluntary censorship ing by at least six months. It may prolong the war and

on sideline signal-calling, it is a foregone conclusion that its bloodshed by at least that much. they will give pro-enemy ploys at home the biggest play The negotiations are no game for amateurs, nor should responsibility in them, in pur news content, following the rule of "the more sen- any true American, having no sational, the bigger the audience." Such misemphasis will invite himself in the swim to muddy the waters.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 ~ ~ ~ DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS ~ NEWSLETTER~ ~~ ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU JUNE 1968

U.S. VETERANS ADVISORY COMMISSION nation's economy . . . Young veterans REPORT RELEASED AFTER YEAR-LONG returning from service should be STUDY OF VETERANS BENEFITS SYSTEM: given full opportunity for rehabili- . . . Vet- The U.S. Veterans Advisory Commis- tation and readjustment programs should be kept current sion, created by President Johnson to erans with economic standards. determine if the federal government The commission was headed by Robert was meeting its responsibilities to former Legion Nat ' 1 Rehab veterans, recently released the M. McCurdy, Chmn ... It was composed of rehab report of its year-long study . . . experts from all walks of life . . . Here are some of the recommenda- held 11 meetings in ten major tions which the commission feels need They U.S. cities and heard representatives urgent attention . . . The basic 25 million veterans present compensation rate payable to service- of some connected totally disabled veterans more than 1,400 recommendations . . . All told, the commission compressed should be increased . . . Appropriate of testimony into 79 sep- cost-of-living increases should be this mass recommendations covering the made in compensation rates to vet- arate whole range of veterans benefits. erans with 10-90% disabilities . . . The Legion agrees with most of the Improvements should be made in na- commission's recommendations — of tional cemetery administration . . . are already Legion policy Disabled veterans should be allowed which 34 resolutions . . . Some of its con- to participate in vocational re- are government habilitation training on less than clusions already and the commission's action a full-time basis with pro-rata pay- policy confirmed their soundness. ments . . . There should be addi- tional dependency indemnity com- LEGION URGES INCREASED COMPENSATION pensation (DIG) payable to widows of BENEFITS FOR SERVICE-DISABLED VETS: war-killed veterans for each child On April 2, the Legion testified

. . . Basic DIG rate to widows should before a House Vets Affairs subcom-

be increased . . . Vietnam veterans mittee on compensation benefits for

should be granted complete dental service-disabled veterans . . . Tes- treatment for one year after dis- timony covered four specific areas: charge ... In addition, the com- (1) increased compensation for serv- mission recommended that the Veterans ice-connected disability (2) equali- Administration be given Presidential zation of compensation according to Gabinet status and that a Senate disability (3) additional compensa- Veterans Affairs Committee be tion for veterans rated less than established. 50% who have dependents and (4) The commission also came to these increased rates of payments for conclusions about the veterans bene- certain anatomical losses and ar-

fits system . . . The obligation to rested tuberculosis. provide for the disabled and needy On these, the Legion (1) called for veteran as well as his dependents is upping compensation for 100% service

a national commitment . . . Service- disabled vets from $300 a month to disabled veterans should be given $400 (2) asked that compensation

first priority . . . Pension payments benefits below 100% bear the same to non-service connected veterans are relationship to the top dollar figure

soundly based on economic need . . . as the percentage of disability bears Hospital and domiciliary care should to 100%— i.e., if 100% rates $400, be provided for war veterans where then 50% should rate $200 (3) said it the veteran is financially unable to was unfair to pay additional compen-

pay for private hospitalization . . . sation for dependents of a veteran Basic veterans benefits should not getting 50% disability and not pay be displaced or absorbed by general dependent compensation for those welfare programs . . . The nation's under the 50% disability mark and obligation to disabled and needy (4) noted that statutory awards for veterans should and can be met with- loss of organs or for service-con- out making excessive demands on the nected tuberculosis had not been in-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 "

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER creased since June 1952, and asked operation, care and maintenance of that the rates of compensation for all national cemeteries ... He each of these conditions be raised would also be given funds to plan $13 a month, citing increased living and establish a program of expansion costs as proof enough of the need. of existing cemeteries and the crea- tion of new ones to take care of HOUSE VOTES TO EASE VA HOME LOAN future needs . . . Legion testimony PROVISIONS: BILL GOES TO SENATE: covered the historical precedents which contributed to the haphazard Before a House Vets Affairs sub- of the present national ceme- committee on Housing, the Legion growth and pointed up the in- recently appeared in favor of legis- tery areas ability of the system to meet current lation to repeal the present 6% and future needs. statutory ceiling on the rate of Noted too, was the fact that 20 interest on VA guaranteed home loans states do not have a national cemetery and increase the maximum VA guarantee and for that reason burial in a on home loans from $7,500 to $10,000 national cemetery is denied to many . . . The Legion felt the 6% rate who would otherwise be qualified. was unrealistic in today's housing Basically, the Legion seeks a re- market and that veterans would find affirmation of the principle that the more to their advantage if the it veteran has earned the right to interest rate was more flexible and burial in a national cemetery and competitive with open market rates that this right can only be exercised ... A favored interest rate is if there is a national burial place little help to veterans if its effect near his home A planned and make homes unavailable to them ... is to orderly expanded national cemetery . . . Within a few weeks, the House system would go a long way toward voted overwhelmingly to raise the guaranteeing that right. loan limit to $12,500 and remove the limit on interest rates ... At this writing, the legislation is before VETERANS WITH 100% SERVICE-CONNECTED the Senate for consideration. DISABILITIES ARE ELIGIBLE FOR POST EXCHANGE AND COMMISSARY PRIVILEGES: HOW SIX-MONTH VIETNAM ERA ENLISTEES A veteran with 100% service-con- MAY QUALIFY FOR LEGION MEMBERSHIP: nected disability is entitled to com- Some Legion posts are not yet clear missary and limited post exchange on the qualifications for Legion mem- privileges—military medical and bership as it pertains to Vietnam theater privileges excepted . . . His is also eligible or he may Era veterans . . . Generally speaking, wife honorable discharge or separation designate one adult family member of from active duty in the armed forces his household as an agent ... A at any time since August 5, 1964, will Legion service officer or local VA agent can provide details. suffice as eligibility . . . Also eli g ible for membership is the six- month enlistee who has concluded his LEGION BACKS PASSAGE OF SENATE training and been transferred to the INTERNAL SECURITY ACT OF 1968: Active Reserve . . . Normally, he then Noting that the Legion "is deeply receives Form DD-214, a report of concerned that interpretation of ex- Separation from the Armed Forces of isting statutes permits employment the U.S. . . . This form is acceptable of Communists in our state-supported as proof of Legion eligibility if it colleges and in our defense plants," shows honorable active duty on or Americanism Commission Chmn Daniel J. after August 5, 1964. O'Connor recently gave the Legion's position in support of S2988, the LEGION TESTIFIES ON NEED FOR Internal Security Act of 1968 . . . PLANNED NATIONAL CEMETERY SYSTEM: The bill would amend present security On Mar. 26, the Legion testified laws to close loopholes now existing before a House subcommittee on ceme- that permit conduct in peacetime teries in support of HR12801, a bill which in wartime would be considered introduced by House Vets Affairs Chmn treason and sedition ... He also Olin league, which calls for transfer said that "Communist Party member- to the VA of existing national ceme- ship is indeed sufficient evidence teries now under the jurisdiction of to disqualify from public service any the other government agencies . . . The individual whose allegiance to bill would give the VA Administrator Communist Party is admitted or authority and responsibility for the proven.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 —,

O F T H E NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS JUNE 1968

New York Youth Wins Legion 1968 Nat'l Membership Soars; Gain For Year Expected To Exceed 40,000 National Oratorical Contest As of May 3, 1968, Legion national membership stood at John J. Cangilos of Albany, N.Y., wins Legion's top 2,492,123—only 93,079 behind oratory prize of $4,000 scholarship in Minnesota; 1967's year-end total of 2,585,202 and 30,355 ahead this three other nat'l finalists share additional of date last $4,000. year.

In contributing to this amazing An 18-year-old Albany, N.Y., youth Attorney-General's office in Albany) figure, seven of the Legion's 58 de- named John Joseph Cangilos has won young John is a multi-talented boy. He partments surpassed their 1967 the 1968 American Legion National was vice president of his freshman class totals and 21 of them have already High School Oratorical Championship and historian of his junior class. He is achieved their 1968 goals. and the $4,000 college scholarship that president of the National Honor Society If membership continued at this accompanies it in finals held April 1 1 in his school, active in debating and a pace it is anticipated the Legion 1968, at Highland Park Jr. High School, member of the Liberal Arts Club. Ath- would equal or go beyond its 1967 St. Paul, Minn. letically, the husky youth is a Red Cross gain of 31,420 members more than He bested three other 17-year-old Life Saver and senior lifeguard. Artis- 1966. orators—one of them a girl—in the 3 1 st tically, he is a pianist and organist. He annual contest worth a total of $8,000 plans to attend either Boston College or Basically, the enlire oratorical pro- and hosted this year by The American Holy Cross after graduation and is point- gram is designed to test the high school Legion Department of Minnesota. ing toward a career in teaching. student's depth of knowledge on the Sponsored by Fort Orange Post 30 of Cangilos and the other three finalists basic principles of our constitutional Albany, young Cangilos won local, de- each had to deliver an eight-to-ten min- form of government. Other objectives partment. Regional 2 and Sectional A ute prepared oration on the U.S. Con- are to develop leadership and the ability contests before coming to the national stitution and then speak ofi'-the-cuff for to think and speak clearly as well as in- finals. The self-assured young orator^ three-to-five minutes on a constitutional telligently. a senior at Albany's Vincentian Institute subject which is given to five them only Young Cangilos will be presented to also picked up a $2,500 college schol- — minutes before they are required to talk the Legion National Convention along arship at the N.Y. Department finals. on it. Cangilos' prepared theme was "The with other Legion program representa- The son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Can- Constitution: A Declaration of Social tives Sept. 6-12 at New Orleans. He is gilos (his father is with the New York Awareness." also scheduled to speak at both the Democratic and Republican National Conventions this year. The other three finalists shared an ad- ditional $4,000 in college scholarships: • Second place winner of the $2,500 col- lege scholarship is Miss Jody A. Hov- land of Ada, Minn., a senior at the high school there and active in both school and extra-curricular activities. The daughter of Mr, and Mrs. Lawrence Hovland, Jody was sponsored by Simon- son-Betcher Post 26 of the Legion and plans to attend the University of North

Dakota. She is considering a career in speech and theater arts. On her way to the finals Jody won the Sectional C, Re- gional 9 and local and department con- tests.

• Third place winner is James H. Wink- ler of Portland, Oregon. He won a $1,000 college scholarship and hopes to attend an Ivy League college with a view toward a career in law and politics. Winkler won the Sectional D and Re-

gional 1 1 contests along with local and department orations. The son of Mr. and Mrs. Jack Winkler of Portland, he was Oratorical finalists in order of their finish at St. Paul. (L. to r.) John J. Cangilos, N.Y., sponsored by Columbia Power Post 120 1st place, $4,000; Jody A. Hovland, Minn., 2nd place, $2,500; James H. Winkler, Ore., 3rd place, $1,000; Kenneth B. Raigins, Miss., 4th place, $500. of the Legion. He is a senior at Grant THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 35 NEWS

Mr. Williams served five years as de- partment finance chairman, a year as de- partment Americanism chairman and was Iowa Department Commander in 1955-56. On the national level he has also served as member and vice-chair- man of the Nat'l Membership and Post Activities Committee, has been a mem- ber of the Legion Endowment Fund

Corp., since 1962, and is an ex-officio member of the Legion's 50th Anni- versary committee. During WW2, he served in the Army Air Corps in the South Pacific, partici- pated in 25 bombing missions, and earned the Silver Star and the Air Medal among other decorations.

"Color the Flag" Contests A poster coloring program—"Color the Flag"—is being offered to school children as part of Nat'l Cmdr William E. Galbraith's Freedom Is Not Free cru- Nat'l Cmdr William E. Galbraith (r.) presents a clieck to Frank Goffio, vice presi- sade. dent of CARE, Inc., as part of the Legion's "Stitch-In-Time" program at N.Y. De- Local Legion posts make copies of partment Banquet in Cmdr's honor. CARE will act for the Legion and distribute the poster and distribute them to schools, 30 specially-designed sewing machines to the war widows of S. Vietnam—thus bring- where they are issued to the first four ing the Legion's donations to the Vietnamese people up to the level. $130,000 grades. N.Y. Dep't Cmdr Ed Delehanty stands at left. More than 500 Legion leaders from N.Y. and neighboring states attended function held at N.Y. City's Hotel Commodore. Post 9, Spokane, Wash., undertook the project under the direction of Cmdr R. James Bullivant, Americanism Chmn High School and active both in and out William E. Galbraith said: "The Ameri- C. L. Smith, and PC P. O. Abraham, of school. He was President of the Sen- can Legion owes a deep debt of gratitude principal of Stadium School. ate at 1967 Oregon Boys State. to Harold Redden for the long and faith- Post 31, Boulder City, Nev., con- • Fourth place winner is Kenneth B. ful service he has given to our organiza- ducted the program with the aid of Raigins, the son of Mr. and Mrs. James tion in this vital position, and it is with school official Andrew Mitchell and his A. Raigins of Prairie, Miss. James is a profound regret that we accept his res- senior at Aberdeen High School Aber- ignation. At the same time, we consider deen, Miss. He won a $500 college schol- ourselves most fortunate to have a man arship. Ken was sponsored by Daniel W. of the character and capabilities of Bird Post 26 of Aberdeen and was also 'Church' Williams to assume this great a representative to the Mississippi Boys responsibility." State in 1967 at which he was elected Mr. Redden, who was Massachusetts Clerk of the House of Representatives. He's active in politics and debating at his high school. Young Raigins won the Sec- Winners of Color the Flag contest. tional B, Regional 6 and local and de- partment contests before reaching the staff. Posters were given to over 400 first- national finals. to-fourth graders after they had seen the Since 1938, more than $220,000 in film. Flags of the United States. In the cash scholarships have been dispensed at photo above, Post Cmdr Richard Patter- the national level of the Legion. Many son presents a certificate of appreciation more thousands of dollars in cash and to Mr. Mitchell, principal of Boulder scholarships have been awarded by other City Elementary School, as some of the levels of the Legion. 16 winners, with prize flags, look on. Williams Post 1562, Brooklyn, N.Y., gave a New Nat'l Finance Chmn transistor radio set to each of ten stu- Churchill T. Williams of Oelwein, Department Adjutant from 1931-38, and Iowa, has been named chairman of The Nat'l Vice Cmdr in 1940-41, has re- American Legion's National Finance signed as both chairman and member of Commission. He succeeds Harold P. the commission but will act as the Na- Redden of Longmeadow, Mass., who re- tional Commander's representative. Leo signed for personal reasons after having V. Lanning of Eggertsville, N.Y., a vet- served as a member of the commission eran member of the commission, steps up since 1947 and as its chairman since as vice-chairman. 1955. The new finance commission chair- In naming Williams, who has been a man is president of the Oelwein State commission member since 1958 and Bank in Oelwein and is a member of vice-chairman since 1963, Nat'l Cmdr Ross Reid Post 9 of that town since 1945. Awards from Post 1562, Brooklyn, N.Y. 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 NEWS

dents of St. Brigid's School and P.S. 81, the giant birthday cake (the post has both in Ridgewood. These were prizes 2,700 members). The birthday emphasis in a Color the Flag contest. In the photo is on community service programs. (opposite page) Post Cmdr John J. Viola The Dep't of New Hampshire held an is flanked by the winners. anniversary ball at the Gilford Country Club which drew Legionnaires from all 50th Anniversary Projects over the state. Tennessee Governor Buford Ellington was appointed honorary chairman of the State Advisory Committee of the Anni- versary observance, and was presented a plaque signifying his work with the or-

ganization. In the photo below are (1. to rt.) Ivo W. Sanders, Dep't Cmdr; the Governor; and Joe Hudgens, anniversary chairman and State Director of the Di- vision of Veterans Affairs. Kentucky Legion honors Maurice Gordon. Oregon Gov. McCall kicks off the 50th.

On March 15, in cooperation with the the 50th Anniversary proclamation to Kentucky Historical Society, a marker spark the Department's kick-off celebra- was dedicated by the Dep't of Kentucky tion and was given a plaque in apprecia- to the City of Madisonville and to Maj. tion of his efforts. Maurice K. Gordon, who gave The American Legion its name at the Paris Legion Vietnam Back-up Caucus, March 15-17, 1919. "After the A star-studded K.P. task force gave ceremony," writes Dep't Adj. Ray Beyer, some 300 Viet vets a royal dinner eve- "accompanied by William F. Taylor, ning at the Washington, D.C., U.S.O. Dep't Cmdr, and Everett Policy, cmdr headquarters. Tennessee ANAVICUS (a Canadian of Hopkins County Post 6, we visited Gov. Ellington gets a "job." veterans organization) Legionnaires serv- retired Judge Gordon at his home in Post 194, Rising Sun, Md., celebrated ing the chow and doing K.P. duty after- Madisonville. At 91, it is remarkable with 27 WWl guests plus Dep't Cmdr ward included three generals and a col- how well he keeps abreast of the activi- Stanley King, Past Cmdrs E. L. Wams- onel (Harry Vaughn, Louis Renfrew, ties of our organization." In the photo ley and Wallace Wilhams, Dep't Adju- Bob Eaton, and Frank Kossa); Past Nat'l above are (1. to rt.) Mayor David Parish tant Daniel Burkhardt, and Mrs. Marion Cmdr Earle Cocke; Edward F. Mc- of Madisonville; Dep't Cmdr William F. Parks, a WWl nurse with a 50th con- Ginnis, former Sergeant-at-Arms, U.S. Taylor of Greensburg; Marvin of Odom secutive year card. Senate; and James V. Day, Federal the Color Guard; William Davis, MD; Post 278, Stanhope, N.J., voted to Maritime Commissioner. Leader of the and Everett PoUey (seated), cmdr. Post present all its WWl members a life mem- K.P. detail was Lt. Gen. Lewis Hershey, 6, Madisonville. bership in the Legion. president of ANAVICUS and head of Post 60, Dorchester, Mass., celebrated Post 7, Silverton, Ore., got the town's U.S. Selective Service. the Legion's 50th Anniversary with a merchants to sponsor a full page ad in Taking up an idea offered by its Com- Testimonial Breakfast and honored 32 the newspaper, headlined "A Salute to rade Charles Herring, Post 10, Wilming- past commanders who were celebrating the America of Tomorrow." All the ton, N.C., through Post Cmdr H. G. 50 years in the Legion. Each received a sponsors were listed, as were the post's Grohman, sent over 100 letters to local gold button commemorating his service. 50-year members (including those de- Vietnam servicemen and women. Her- State and city officials attended. ceased) and past commanders. Space was ring also asked local merchants to sub- Post CofFeyville, 20, Kans., invited its given to the Auxiliary and to the Open scribe to the Star News in the names of 46 50-year members and their wives to House program. The Legion's past, pres- the servicemen, and to display photos of an awards dinner (29 showed up—see ent and future were commented on. these individuals. photo below) for presentation of 50-year The enthusiasm and sincerity of the cards and pins, certificates, and a patch Legion-wide anniversary celebrations are NEW POSTS for the hat. exemplified by Oregon's Gov. Tom Mc- The American Legion has recently Post 29, Miami, Fla., used a highly Call, in photo above, right hand column. chartered the following new posts: polished honor guard dress saber to cut A member of Salem Post 136, he signed Opp Post 74, Opp, Ala.; Mountain Brook Post 75, Mountain Brook, Ala.; Madison Post 229, Madison, Ala.; Gun- ter Mountain Post 245, Grant, Ala.; Guntersville Post 354, Guntersville, Ala.; South Haven Post 502, South Haven, Ind.; Willie Davis Post 594, Gretna, La.; Elizabeth Township Post 115, Elizabeth Township, Pa.; Battle Creek Post 303, Hermosa, S. Dak.; Dun- canville Post 81, Duncanville, Tex.; Hooks Post 167, Hooks, Tex.; Copperas Cove Post 582, Copperas Cove, Tex.; A big turnout of 50-year Legionnaires at Post 20, Coffeyville, Kans. and Cobb Town Post 183, Franklin, Va. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 37 The 49*"^ National Executive

The 49tli National Executive Committee of The American Legion lield its annual spring meeting at National headquarters in Indianapolis, Ind., as this issue went to press. Shown on these two pages are the 1967-68 representatives. Of the 65 members, 58 are from state and foreign departments and were elected by their department conventions. The remain- ing seven are the elected national officers: The Na- tional Commander, five National Vice Commanders, and the National Chaplain. The National Commander serves as chairman of the Committee. Living Past National Commanders (not shown) are also life members of the committee but without vote.

WiHiam E. Galbraith Rev. Fr. Edward P. Nolan National Commander National Chaplain

Hugh W. Overton George Petrovich Robert E. Cockrill Lavirrence E. Fisher William K. Kreitz Alahama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California

Arthur M. MacCarthy Walter E. Lindquist W. D. Harrell Wallace C. S. Young Bob W. Knudsen Bob Nooner Florida France Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois

Maurice R. Parisien Robert E. L. Eaton Gabriel T.OIga Harry Wright Marshall M. Taylor Eugene V. Lindquist Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mexico Michigan Minnesota

Edmund G. Lyons G. Y. Fails Louis E. Drago Leroy S. Lakey Patrick T. Milloy Joseph S. Deutschle, Sr. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio

John A. Ryer E. Roy Stone Glenn R. Green Benton Crump J. Walter Janko William E. Christoffersen Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 Committee of The American Legion

Coleman Nolen Louis R. J. Malo Roscoe D. Curtiss Dr. Edwin L. Peterson Marvin V^. Roth National Vice Commander National Vice Commander National Vice Commander National Vice Commander National Vice Commander

Cooper L. Williams Robert Grauberger Joseph G. Leonard Frank A. Lucia John J. Finn Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia

Charles S. Boehm Robert Lounsberry Sexson Humphreys, Italy U. S. Grant Harry A. Greene M. C. Gehr Indiana Iowa Died March 3. 1968 Kansas Kentucky Louisiana

Ralph M. Godwin Frank H. Strong William A. Lindsay Jerome Henn Thomas W.Miller Raymond F. Mudge Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

W. H. Redman W. E. Wilkins Romeo J. Routhier Daniel A. Drew Robert 0. Phillips Juan H. Cintron Oklahoma Oregon Panama Canal Zone Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico

Albert B. Grazini Sam T. A. Crawford Gordon Blechschmidt L. 0. Bickel Frank R. Schneider C. B. Metz Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 39 NEWS.

POSTS IN ACTION cation concerned with the reporting of Communist activities.

Post 74, Fairfield, Conn., each year sends 70-100 pounds of used postage stamps to VA hospitals where they are needed for therapy. The post Stamp Club meets monthly with about 40 mem- bers attending of the 100 in the Club with exhibits, quizzes and speakers to enliven the meetings. On one occasion,

Gifts from Post 28, Wis. a city-wide United Nations junior and senior exhibit was held in conjunction More and more posts are utilizing the with UN Day, and a branch UN Post book, "The American Legion Story," as Office was opened. The post got a UN a gift to schools, libraries, individuals, citation for the excellence of the pro- award for Post St. Paul, Neb. etc. Post Valders, Wis., gave two An 119, 28, gramming. copies to the high school library, along For distinguished service to the com- with a continuous subscription to The Post 799, Buffalo, N.Y., co-sponsored munity. Post 119, St. Paul, Neb., was American Legion Magazine. In the with the Manufacturers' and Traders' given a plaque by the Chamber of Com- photo above are 1. to rt.: Post Adjutant Trust Co. the First Day of Issue cere- merce. The post supports a busy pro- Gorman Lex, Jr.; H.S. Principal Alvin monies of the booklet pane of the Frank gram which includes Boy Scouts, Boys' Glaeser; Mrs. Raymond Christianson, Lloyd Wright stamp of the current U.S. State, County Government, Oratorical librarian: and William O'Neil, Jr., Post postage stamp. Prominent American and Essay Contests, and Legion Base- Cmdr. Series. ball, and last year spent about $2,500 on The Dep't of Pennsylvania's Central these efforts. In the photo above, Ne- Judicial Division gave a copy of the book braska Dep't Cmdr Bob Lowry (right) to the Martin Memorial Library of York, presents plaque to Post 119 Cmdr in memory of the late Earl R. Sollen- Roland E. Reynolds. berger, a Central District vice cmdr,

22nd District cmdr, and Past Cmdr of Post 19, York, Neb., gave the York Cen- York Post 127. In the photo below are tennial Hospital Campaign a pledge for $50,000. In the photo below at the

pledge signing are (seated, 1. to rt.): Post Cmdr Welden Duer and Post Adjutant Kenneth Klute. Standing are 2nd VC

Instructor William Wilson directs Ross Keiper as he sights a .22 caliber bolt action rifle at the indoor range of Post 314, Lehighton, Pa., Junior Rifle Club.

Scarsdale Post 52, N.Y., broke ground for a new $130,000 post home expected to be completed by July of this year. the Central Judicial Div., Pa. From WWl vet H. H. Costain is post cmdr. the library director, Mrs. Katherine A. Shorey; 22nd District Cmdr Harry P. The Memorial Committee of Post 76, Reed; Post 127 Cmdr John R. Reary; Racine, Wis. (photo below) officiates and 22nd District Deputy Cmdr Robert at funerals of all veterans when asked to so, served in as as I. Black of Post 127. do has many four in one day and in 85 in the past year, and furnishes the bugler when re- A $50,000 pledge from Post 19, Neb. quested. Post 76, composed only of WWl vets, gave to the City of Racine, Howard Anderson, 1st VC Buck Dough- at a cost .of $8,000, the monument which erty, and Legion Club Manager Clark backgrounds the photo. Grobe.

Post 21, Philadelphia, Pa., awarded 24 ^vf^',Ip Life Memberships to members with 25 or more years of consecutive membership.

Post 439, Saginaw, Mich., made a mul- tiple gift to 14 high schools. Each school got: "The American Legion Story," "Need A Lift," a list of scholarship op- portunities, rules for the Legion's Nat'l Oratorical Contest, and a subscription to The Firing Line, the Legion's publi- The Memorial Committee, Post 76, Wis., served at over 85 funerals in past year. 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 )

NEWS

THE AMERICAN LEGION 1968 at a dinner sponsored by the Cham- NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS ber of MARCH 31. 1968 Commerce. He currently serves ASSETS his post as Adjutant and Service Officer. Cash on hand and on Deposit $ 2,386,830.58 Receivable 216,237.16 Inventories 491,713.53 Adrian H. Johnson, of Winnipeg, Man., Invested Funds 3,247,637.42

Trust Funds : Canada, new Dep't Adjutant of Canada. Overseas Graves Decoration Trust Fund 290,723.30 Employees Retirement i»!l3i»M Post 248, Minn.: 35 charter members Trust Fund -4,108,439.25 4,399,162.55 Real Estate 821,521.81 O. D. Freeman, of S.C., Post 248, Ely, Minn., has 35 members Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 321,517.46 Loris, Past Deterred Charges 89.062.42 since the Dep't Cmdr (1950-51) and Alternate with continuous membership $11.973.682.93 Nat'l Exec. Committeeman, 1953-57. post was chartered in 1919. In total, the LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE Ely post had 607 members in mid-Feb- & NET WORTH B Current Liabilities 600,175.10 $ J. Nelson Tribby, of Baltimore, Md., a ruary, which is 10% of the population Funds Restricted as to use 21,375.35 Deferred Income 2.213,992.73 of Ely. Above are 25 of the 35 members general member of the Nat'l Member- Trust Funds : ship who have paid dues for 50 years, posing Overseas Graves Decoration and Post Activities Committee and Trust Fund 290,723.30 Past Dep't Adjutant (1936-49). with Cmdr Arnold Riikola. Employees Retirement Trust Fund 4,108.439.25 4,399,162.55 Net Worth: Joe S. Mann, of Whiteville, N.C., a vice BRIEFLY NOTED Reserve Fund 553,809.81 Restricted Fund 1,212,104.87 chairman of the Nat'l Americanism Morris Horowitz, of Post 229, Utica, Real Estate 821,521.81 Reserve Council. N.Y., reports that his son, Lt. Cmdr. for Rehabilitation 347.599.59 Reserve for Child Welfare 113.715.59 B Charles Horowitz, has been awarded the Reserve for Convention .... 60.000.00 Reserve for Publication .... 12,258.78 Clyde E. Rankin, of Philadelphia, Pa., Silver Star with Combat V, the nation's Reserve for 50th Past Dep't Cmdr (1946-47) and a mem- third highest award for valor, for his out- Anniversary 92,089.78 3,243.100.26 ber of the Nat'l Finance Commission standing performance with the joint Unrestricted Capital 1 .495,876.94 4,738.977.20 from 1951-1963. Army-Navy Riverine Force in Vietnam's Sll.973.682.93 Mekong Delta. He earned the medal Louis Summers, ol Atlanta, Ga., Past while serving as commander of River Adjutant C. J. Knight, Jr., made the Dep't Cmdr (1944-45). Assault Sqdn. 9 as it was operating in presentations to Stinger and orchestra B support of elements of the 9th Inf. Div.'s leader Les Brown (left), who has made Calvin R. Sanders, of Phoenix, Ariz., 2nd Brigade, June 19-21, 1967. many war zone trips with Bob Hope. Past Dep't Cmdr (1954-55) and a mem- ber of the Nat'l Executive Committee in A bomb exploded outside the Paris, Legionnaires of Post 1, Stockholm, Swe- 1956-60. France, Post 1 building shortly before den, are publicly urging U.S. military 2:30 a.m., Paris time, April damag- deserters in Sweden to go home, take 16, William V. Koeninger, of Winnipeg, ing the entrance. other details were their punishment, and get back on their No Man., Canada, Dep't Adjutant of Can- immediately available. feet as American citizens. ada. a PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Children in the Prairie State will benefit Kenneth L. Greenquist, of Racine, Wis., George Mead, the Dep't of because of a membership promotion by New York's Past Dep't Cmdr (1951-52) and a mem- its Director of Rehabilitation the Dep't of Illinois in Golden 50 and Director ber of the Nat'l Executive Committee program. Three of Boys' State since its start, retired offi- Caravan membership in 1952-54. districts enrolling the greatest percentage cially at the close of the Washington B of last year's membership (over 70% Conference. He is carrying on the Boys' William O. Nelson, of Anderson, Ind., will each be awarded a 23-inch TV set State operation for this year. George has Past Dep't Cmdr (1932-33). —the set to be given to a children's home also been involved with the supervision a of the district's choice. of Legion Baseball. At recent Dep't Ex- Mrs. Mabel E. McHale, of Indianapolis, ecutive Committee sessions, George was Ind., wife of Frank M. McHale, former Harry K. Stinger (right in photo below). honored by all Past Dep't Cmdrs and Democratic Nat'l Committeeman from Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman. re- other Legion officials, receiving citations Indiana, Past Dep't Cmdr ( 1 927-28), and from National and his Department and Nat'l Exec. Committeeman 1928-29. a cash gift. Having made his home in Buffalo all these years (396 miles by rail) OUTFIT REUNIONS and flying there for weekends, George Reunion will be held in month indicated. For will go "home" for his retirement. particulars, write person whose address is given. B Notices accepted on official form only. For form send stamped, addressed return envelope John M. Carey, of Grand Blanc, Mich., to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices should be received at least five months before (1965-67), appointed by Gov. George scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary to get form. Romney to the Board of Managers of Earliest submission favored when volume of the Michigan Veterans Facility. He was requests is too great to print all. also given the Flint Industrial Executive ARMY Club's Personal Achievement Award for 1st Cav Div— (Aug.) Dr. Carl Milchen, 303 W. Two awards for distinguished service San Bernardino Rd., Covina, Calif. 91722 outstanding community leadership. 3rd Div— (July) James R. Brant, 2001 N. Adams St., Arlington, Va. 22201 ceives the Distinguished Service Award B 24th Field Hosp— (July) Lowell O. Duncan, from the United Veterans Council of Lee A. Lemos, of Riverside, R.I., Past 15544 Levan Rd., Livonia, Mich. 48154 26th Div— (June) S. Opedisano, 61 Winthrop Philadelphia for his many years of serv- Nat'l Vice Cmdr (1957-58), given the St., Springfield, Mass. 34th Div— (Sept.) Curtis M. Larsen, 35 N. 1st ice to vets and their dependents. UVC East Providence Brotherhood Award for St., Apt. 19, Council Bluffs, Iowa 51501 THE AM RICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 41 — —

NEWS

42nd Div (WWI & 2)— (July) Theodore A. Joe L. Brown. 2805 S. 50th St.. Omaha. Nebr. Edwin D. McCuddy, Sr. and Victor C. Mc- Johnson, 2315 Linden Dr. S.E., Cedar Rapids. World Wars Tank Corps— (July) James L. Ev- Morris and Fred J. Matzenbacher and Leaton Iowa 52403 erett. 10704 Eastwood Ave.. Silver Springs, A. Milligan (all 1968), Post 154, Wellston, 51st Pioneer Inf (WWI)— (Sept.) Otto Rauch, Md. Mo. 20901 John M. Ward, Sr. (1966) and 186 Adams St.. Dehiiar. N.Y. 12054 Hugo A. Olderog (1967). Post 54th Sig Bn— (Aug.) Willard 32, Papillion, Nebr. Harris. 5075 E. Joseph Beaucage and Harry Olive. Fresno. Calif. 93700 NAVY J. Burley and Frank B. Dayton and Ellard DeVane 65th Div— (Aug.) Fred J. 31st and James Cassata, 123 Dor- Special Seabees— ( July ) Charles J. Scharf, Diskm, Sr. (all 1967), Post 42, Chatham, N.Y. chester Rd.. Buffalo. N.Y. 14213 18 N. Colonial Dr.. Hagerstown, Md. 21740 Wilham A. McNally (1965) and Waldo P. Hair 69th Sig Bn— (July) Alton W. Cliff. 20 Wheldon 62nd Seabees— (Aug.) John Trippel, 1409 (1967), Post 303. Rockville Centre, N.Y, St., Scottsville. N.Y. 14546 Blanchan, LaGrange Park, 111. 60525 Carl Potter (1967). Post 87th Inf (WWI & 2)— (Sept.) Philip Marotta. 97th—108th Seabees— (Aug.) William 358. Pulaski. N.Y. E. Boeh- Archie Beaton and O. B. Bernhoft P. O. Box 162. Solvay. N.Y. 13209 ner, 8550 New Hampshire. and Harry St. Louis. Mo. Carlson and Edward Kibler and Ross Mcintosh 103rd Div.— (July) J. E. Dacey. 900 Mac Dade Camp Wallace, Texas, Boot Camp, Co 79 Blvd.. Apt. Folsom, (all 1967), Post 11, Cavalier, N. Dak. 9. Pa. 19033 (Aug.) Joe Scrivano. 535 Sprucewood La., Herbert 103rd Med O. Reetz (1967), Post 98, Langdon, Bn & Reg't— (Sept.) Robert F. Gold- San Antonio. Tex. 78216 N. Dak. smith. 37 Farmbrook Dr.. Levittown, Pa. Great Lakes NT Sta. Co. 17 (19.39)— (Aug.) Ray E. Parks and John D. Powell and Thomas 109th Eng. Co B (WWI)— (Aug.) H. S. Sey- Gerald W. Wagner. RR #1, Woolstock. Iowa H. Purdy (all 1967), Post 80, Covington, mour. 708 Kilpatrick Bldg.. Omaha. Nebr. LST 177— (July) Vincient Mongiello. Ohio. 345 W. Carl W. Pribble (1966) and 110th QM— (Aug.) Roe M. Gordon. 2816 N. Venango St.. Raymond Deeren 69th, Mercer. Pa. 16137 and Charles Gollop Omaha. Neb. 68104 LST 573— (Aug.) and Arthur J, Hayman Paul Moyemont. 130 W. Wau- and Dwight R. Nicholson 132nd Gen Hosp— (Sept.) John J. Schoeph, pansie. (all 1967), Post 116. 907 Dwight. 111. 60420 Byesville, Ohio. N. 18th Ave.. Melrose Park. 111. 60160 USS Hyman (DD732, Commissioning Crew)— Albert Carrigan and Clarence 147th Field Art'y, Co M, Bat F (WWI)— (Sept.) (June) Willis Cox and Bert H. Webber. 19 Crestwood Cir- Gibson and William Hopkins Sterling Scroggins. P.O. Box 115. Sheboygan cle. Norwood. Mass. 02062 (all 1966), Post Falls. Wise. 53085 124, Geneva, Ohio. USS Indiana (BB58)— ( July ) Adam S. Sosnow- Clement C, Dombrowski and Adam A. Kicz 148th Arm'd Sig Co— (Sept.) George A. ski, 7412 Henry Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19128 and Felix Wachowiak (all 1967), Post 545, To- L'Homme. 565 Boswell Ave.. Norwich. Conn. USS J. C. Owens (DD776, Sept. 1950 to Feb. 152nd ledo. Ohio. Inf, Co L (WW2)— (Aug.) Ralph C. 1952)— (Aug.) Frank M. Dziekan, 724 Mill Lichtenwalter. 425 Tom Wilson (1967). Post 34, North Bend, S. High St.. Warsaw, Ind. St., Plymouth, Pa. 18651 Ore. 152nd Inf, Co M— (Aug.) Mrs. Leo Thompson. USS Mount Vernon (WWI)— (Sept.) William J. Arthur Haeberle Outer S. Main St.. Princeton. (1967), Post 566, Glenolden, Ind. 47570 McKee. 422 High St.. West Medford, Mass. Pa. 162nd Inf— (July) William J. Fague. Hamlet USS Northampton (CA 26)— (Aug.) S. T. Ellis R. Fox and J. Oliver Friese and Hobart Route Box 49F. Seaside, Ore. 97138 Kinard, 1537 Chowkeebin Nene, Tallahassee, G. Gilbert and Thomas J. Gilbert 163rd Inf Keg't— (July) Thomas P. Campbell, Fla. 32301 (all 1968). Post 612. St. Thomas. Pa. 313 N.W. 6th St.. Pendleton, Ore. 97801 Nepomuceno Sampaga (1967), Post 185th Anti-Tank— ( July) Maurice L. Phelps, 10, AIR Manila, P. I. Rt. 1 Box 169. Sun Prairie, Wis. 53590 Ramon Shih I. Sheng (1967), Post 25, Manila, 186th Inf Retj't— ( July) C. A. Fertig, RFD 1 19th Bomb Gp/Wing— ( Aug.) Dean Anholt, ^ Box 518, Warrenton, Ore. 97146 3441 Pinehurst Circle, Springfield, Mo. 65804 Ned W. Skelton (1967), Post 190th Field Arfy (WW2)— (July) Mel Sober, 32nd Bomb Sqdn (H)— (Aug.) Samuel J. Braun. 22, Union, S.C. Charles Kula (1964) and A. L. P.O. Box 361, Sunburv, Pa. 17801 1319 E. 156th St., South Holland, 111. 60473 Combellick and Edwin Eliason 201st AAA, Co B (WW2)— (Aug.) Herbert G. 43rd Air Serv Sqdn— (Aug.) Max G. Taylor, and Vern Johnson and Owens Kearns (all Bianchi. 53 Union St., Moosup, Conn. 06354 606 Locust St., LaPorte City. Iowa 50651 1966), Post 135, Gettysburg, S. Dak. 205th Field Art'y, Bat A— (July) Bill Carlson, 65th & 91st Serv Gps— (Sept.) Vernon J. Cizek. Leo V. Rt. 3 Box 191. Astoria. Ore. 97103 Germania. Pa. 16922 Mathes (1967), Post 37, McAllen, Tex. Charlie E. Eubank 213th Coast Art'y AA, Bat D (WW2)— (Sept.) 138th Aero Sqdn (WWD— (Sept.) Joseph P. and S. A. Johnson, Sr. and L. W. Long and A. H. Joe Dagon. 136 E. St. Joseph St.. Easton, Pa. LaFond. 321 Charles St.. Woodburn, Ore. Smith and P. A. Strum (all 1967), Post 218th Field Art'y (WW2)— (July) Lloyd E. 210th Aero Sqdn (WWI)— (Aug.) A. F. Deaney, 50, Crewe, Va. Samuel R. Millar, Jr. and Lewin I. Bryant, Rt. 1 Box 173, Eagle Creek, Ore. 97022 1045 CoUingwood Dr., Indianapolis, Ind. 46208 Poe and Bryan Rudacille Tip 267th QM Bakery Co— (July) Jack A. Palmer, 397th Bomb Gp (WW2)— (July) Paul Cohen, and C. Saffell and Worthie C. Swartz (all 1966), 1968 Middle Bellville Rd.. Mansfield, Ohio 153 N. 7th St., Lindenhurst, N.Y. 11757 Post 53, Front Royal, Va Herbert G. Angle 273rd Field Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Aug.) Aubrey L. 409th Bomb Gp (L, WW2)— (July) William D. and J. Eber Angle and Paul Berets and Ernest Hutchison, 411 Lacy. Independence. Mo. 64050 Braucher, 289 Cheyenne Dr., Westerville, Campbell and Dave Car- 274th Arm'd Field Art'y Bn— (July) William Ohio 43081 stairs (all 1967). Post 31, Shelton, Wash. Frederick L, Owen Bankovich. 6259 Columbus Rd. N.E.. Louis- 463rd Aero Sqdn (WWI)— (Sept.) W. B. Scar- (1967), Post 234, Mount- lake Terrace, Wash. ville. Ohio 44641 row, .324 W. 11th St., Goodland, Kans. 67735 Paul 308th Eng (WWI)— (Aug.) Leo C. Brown, 49 J. Skarda (1967). Post 467. Ontario. Wis. Clifton Gomez Drury St., Dayton. Ohio 45403 MISCELLANEOUS and Lyie Poole (both 1967). 308th Motor Supply Train (WWI)— (Aug.) Nor- Post 5, Torrington. Wyo. man A. Rebillot. 909—8th St. N.W.. Canton, 342nd Mach Gun Bn, Cos A & B (So. Dakota, Ohio 44703 WWD— (Aug.) Bill Fix, Box 550, Parkston, Life Memberships are accepted for publica- tion only 309th Ord, MM Co (WW2)— (Aug.) Robert L. S.D. 57366 on an official form, which we provide. Horn, P.O. Box 201, Sterling, Kans. 67579 Payne Field, West Point, Miss. (1918, All Per- Reports received only from Commander, Ad- jutant or 313th Inf— (July) George Kashmar, 840 E. sonnel)— (Aug.) Bob McRaney, WROB Bldg., Finance Officer of Post which awarded Philadelphia Ave., Youngstown, Ohio 44502 West Point, Miss. 39773 the life membership. 316th Sta Hosp— (July) Loyd Berrv. 198 Har- Vets of AEF/Siberia (Southwestern Unit 1)— They may get form by sending stamped, self- ruby Dr.. Calimesa, Calif. 92320 (Sept.) Lynn A. McQuiddy, 6034 S. La Brea addressed return envelope to: 322nd Inf Reg't, 2nd Bn, HQ Co— (July) Nick Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90056 "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Saad, P.O. Box 1466, Dothan, Ala. 36301 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. 331st Field Art'y, Bat E (WWI)— (July) John J. On a corner of the return envelope write the Brokish. 264 Olive St.. Chippewa Falls. Wise. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS number of names you wish to report. No 343rd Eng, Co C— (Aug.) Russell O. Murten. written letter necessary to get forms. The award of life 706 Main St.. Westville, Ind. 46391 a membership to a Legion- naire by his Post is 351st AA Radar Sit Bn— (June) Philip G. Karg, a testimonial by those who know him best that has 855 Grove St, S., Hutchinson. Minn. 55350 he served The Ameri- American Legion Life Insurance can Legion 351st Eng Gen Serv Reg't, H & S Co— (Aug.) well. Below are listed some of the previously Month Ending April 30, 1968 D. K. Johnson. 313 S. 26th Ave., Bellwood, 111. un- published life 389th AAA Bn— (Aug.) Marshall Deadmon, 206 membership Post awards that Benefits paid Jan. 1-April 30, 1968 $ 492,485 N. Beaver St., Landis, N.C. 28088 have been reported to the editors. They are arranged Benefits paid since April 1958 5,775,391 410th Inf. Co (July) John J. by States or Departments. G— Morris, 1015 Basic Units in force (number) 155,614 Locust St.. Suite 905. St. Louis. Mo. 63101 New Applications approved since 447th AAA Bn— (Aug.) Glenn S. Kreger. Harry V. Bene and Thomas B. Blaine and M.D.. Jan. 1, 1968 2,521 Box 505, Tonkawa, Okla. John S. Bolin and John Borck and Robert I. 74653 New Applications rejected 252 480th Ambulance Co (WW2)— (Sept.) Robert Brassel (all 1967), Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz. M. Adams, Rt. 2, Bardwell, Hayward Munro and Geo. W. Nichols and Ky. 42023 American Legion Life Insurance is Elmer H. Orr an official 516th Field Art'y Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) Leonard (all 1967), Post 73, Montrose, Colo. program of The American Legion, adopted bv Adamo, 1840—85th St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11214 Albert H. Iversen (1967), Post 128, Niantic, the National Executive Committee, 612th Tank Conn. 1958. It is Dest Bn (Europe, WW2)— (Aug.) decreasing term insurance, issued on Jack Flanagan, Howard M. Quillen Irwin applica- 101 S. Meadow Dr., Glen and R, Rowe and tion to paid-up members of The American Bumie, Donald E. Webster, Sr. Md. 21061 and Wilmer F. Williams Legion subject to approval based on health and 676th Medical Collecting (all 1967), Post Co— (Aug.) Charles A. 29, Stanton, Del. employment statement. Death benefits range Place, George Prichard Manunkachunk Rd.. Belvidere, N.J. W. (1964) and Wayne L. from $11,500 (full unit up through age 719th Loomis 29) in Kwy Oper Bn (WW2)— (Sept.) Rodney E. (1967). Post 129, Onawa. Iowa. decreasing steps with age to termination Runsteen, of 12620 W. Dodge Rd.. Omaha, Nebr. M. L. Maupin and C. H. Towne (both 1967), insurance at end of year in which 75th birth- 68154 Post 662, Sergeant Bluff, Iowa. day occurs. Quoted benefit includes 15% 740th AAA Bn— (July) John J. Monaghan. 55 Errol W. Brawn and Clarence G. Cushman "bonus" in excess of contract amount. For Mineral Spring Rd., Buffalo, N.Y. 14210 and Emmons E. Davis (all 1968), Post 29, calendar year 1968 the 15% "across the board" 799th (Philippines, MP Bn WW2)— (Aug.) Gail Dover-Foxcroft, Maine. increase in benefits will continue to all partici- Ristau, RFD 1, Scribner, Nebr. 68057 Edward A. DeWitt (1967), Post 194, Hamilton, pants in the group insurance plan. Available in 847th Ord Depot Co— (Aug.) Lester G. Myers, Mass. half and full units at a flat rate of $12 or $24 a 602 Long St., Thomasville, N.C. 27360 Roswell A. Burr and Harold O. Noling and year on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during 861st Eng Bn— (Aug.) Daniel Antonacci, 1504 William F. Wiebeck (all 1965). Post 97, Adrian, the first year at $1 or $2 a month for insurance N. Salina St., Syracuse, N.Y. 13208 Mich. approved after January 1. Underwritten by two Evac Hosp #8 (WW!)- (Sept.) William K. Van Andrew Columbo and Charles Deutsch and commercial life insurance companies. American Arsdale, 303 North Ave., Greer, S.C. 29651 John Linden and Harry Middleton (all 1967). Legion Insurance Trust Fund is managed by Fort Robinson, Neb. (All Former Personnel) Post 327, Marble, Minn. trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. (July) Fort Robinson Reunion Committee, Howard R. Tyson (1967), Post 6, Corinth, No other insurance may use the full words Crawford, Nebr. 69339 Miss. "American Legion." Administered by The Original 120th— (Sept.) Bertram Keene, 19 Sis- Walter Bauman and William J. Drury and American Legion Insurance Department. P.O. son Ave., Hartford. Conn. 06106 John F. Eisenbeis (all 1967), Post 150, Ste. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, to which Pugct Sound Warriors, CAC (WWI)— (Sept.) Genevieve, Mo. write for more details. 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 Advert isement

SPECIAL LIMITED ENROLLMENT! EXPIRES MIDNIGHT, JULY 16, 1968 Announcing a new "bonus" health plan for veterans only!

Pays "extra cash" direct to you when you are hospitalized Pays a big lump-sum casli benefit if you become permanently disabled All tax-free over and above insurance from any other company in And, in addition , actually pays money to help keep you the best possible health!

Check right now to see if you qualify for this remarkable new Veterans That's why the 66-year-old Physi- Benefit Plan! ... If you hold an honorable discharge from the Armed cians Mutual Insurance Company—run Forces of the U. S., are not now on active duty and do not receive a VA by doctors—has created this new low- disability pension or compensation . . . YOU CAN QUALIFY! Mail your cost plan to give you the extra cash pro- Enrollment before Midnight, July 16, 1968 and you can enroll without tection you need no matter what other having to see a company representative—without any red tape whatsoever coverage you have. It pays extra cash —and for only $1.00! direct to you in addition to any other company's insurance you carry, group

or individual . . . plus a big extra cash Why A Board of Doctors Created This the impor- could well be most lump sum for permanent disability . . . This "Bonus" Health Plan For Veterans Only tant set of benefits offered to you and, for the first time—actually pays since you were discharged! Now—as a Most veterans are in their late thirties, cash to your doctor to help him keep qualified veteran—you can take advan- forties and fifties—the years when both you in the best possible health! Of tage of a special new "bonus" health earning power and family obligations course, you may have only one like pol- plan that not only pays you extra cash are at a peak—and also the years when icy with Physicians Mutual. when you are hospitalized—and a big serious health problems begin to take Pays "Extra Cash" When You're lump-sum cash benefit if you should be- their toll. That's why you probably al- Hospitalized— Pays Money to Help come permanently disabled—but, in ad- ready carry regular health insurance. Keep You Well and Out of the Hospital dition, actually pays money for a yearly But it's a fact that in these "danger check-up by your own doctor to help years" ordinary health insurance—by As your doctor will tell you, few things him keep you in the best possible health! itself—simply isn't enough. are more important to your health than

(continued on next page)

^100 a week extra cash paid direct to you in addition to any other health insurance— even Medicare!

Plus . . . ^10,000 extra cash for permanent disability Plus... extra cash for your yearly check-ups

Here's how this Veterans "bonus" plan Think of it! You're protected immedi- $10,000 Lump-Sum Cash Benefit works: $100 a week ($14.28 a day) will be ately for accidents off the job. After you've Unlike any other disability insurance. Vet- paid directly to you from the very first day had your policy 30 days, you're covered erans Benefit pays you $10,000 extra cash of hospital confinement—even for one day for sicknesses and you've had new when in one lump sum if you become perma- as long as 52 weeks, —and for each time a your policy for 2 years, you're covered for nently and totally disabled from any new new sickness or accident hospitalizes you. chronic ailments you've had in the past- sickness or accident. Even if you have been in the hospital for conditions that come back again and again If, before age 65, you are totally dis- a full year—and have collected your full or are likely to recur. abled for 12 consecutive months, and doc- of benefits, $5,200 as long as you have kept There are only a few usual exceptions: tors determine you are unable to work at policy in force will entitled to war, military your you be service, mental disorder, or any job, you are entitled to this big extra all benefits if your all over again you have alcoholism, pregnancy or any consequence cash benefit. Of course, you must have been been out of the hospital for at least six disability thereof, service-connected for employed full-time for at least six months months. which you are receiving government com- before you became totally disabled. pensation or pension, or conditions cov- ered by Workmen's Compensation or Em- Pays Extra Money To Help Keep You • Off-the-job accidents covered im- ployers Liability Laws. You are free to use In The Best Possible Health mediately, as soon as your policy any hospital that charges for room and To encourage you to see your doctor regu- is in force • New sicl

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 43 AtlvciOsonicm 18 Important Questions Answered About The

or put to some other important use. rectly to you from the very first day of hospi- I jT] What is the Veterans Benefit Plan? tal confinement. 3 How do I get my "physical" each year? It is a new non-government insurance plan

will I be paid? for honorably discharged veterans of the Veterans Benefit Plan actually pays your own [T] How long Armed Forces of the United States-who are routine doctor up to $10 annually toward your For as long as 52 weeks (as much as $5200) not now on active duty and who are not re- physical examination (but only if you want it). while you are hospitalized for a new sickness ceiving compensation or pension for service- your You get special forms yearly to take to or accident. Each new period of hospital con- connected or non-service-connected disability doctor so he can give you your check-up with- finement pays up to the full 52 weeks bene- from the Veterans Administration-that pays in 60 days. fit, as long as there is an interval of six extra cash direct to you when you are hospi- months from the last hospital confinement. I other I I collect even though carry talized, plus an additional lump-sum payment Scan health insurance? for permanent disability. In addition, the 8 When does my policy go into force? I I Veterans Benefit Plan provides a physical Yes. This Plan pays you in addition to any It becomes effective on the date your Enroll- examination benefit each year to help your other company's health insurance you carry, ment is received. Accidents are covered on doctor keep you in the best possible health. whether group or individual— even in addition that date. After your policy has been in force to Medicare! Of course, you may have only for 30 days, you are covered for sicknesses ["2] Mutual. Why do I need the extra cash of the one like policy with Physicians which begin thereafter. Veterans Benefit Plan in addition to my [5] Is there a lot of red tape to qualify? that regular health insurance? g What if I have had a health problem I I No. The only qualification is that you are an may occur again? Probably your present hospital insurance won't honorably discharged veteran, as noted in (1) cover all your hospital expenses. But even if Pre-existing conditions are covered after your I above. Even senior citizens over 65 are wel- it does, you will still need help to pay all policy has been in force for two years. come. I your other expenses at home. And if you be-

If I hospitalized, when do my 10 isn't covered? ^ come permanently disabled, you can surely become What additional cash, benefits begin? || use an lump-sum payment in Only a few exceptions: war, military service, to help you pay off large debts, your mortgage || $100 a week ($14.28 a day) will be paid di- mental disorder or alcoholism, pregnancy or

(continued irom preceding page) regular medical check-ups. The most for your children's education, or invest —as a properly qualified veteran—to di-

serious illnesses (cancer, for example) it for needed income. rectly benefit from the low cost of this can often be cured when detected early Why The Plan Has Been Called "The remarkable plan! to see your enough. To encourage you Best Insurance Buy Since G. I. Secondly, by encouraging our mem- doctor regularly, the Veterans Benefit Life Insurance"! bers to take regular check-ups each actually helps provide a yearly year, to Plan With all these extra cash benefits, you we hope keep more of our pol- routine physical check-up. might expect the Veterans Benefit Plan icyholders out of the hospital. This means lower claim costs. But even if you see your doctor reg- to be very expensive. But here's the best Thirdly, the \'eterans Benefit Plan ularly, you might still be hospitalized news of all! It costs only $4.95 a month is a mass plan. by a sudden accident or unexpected until age 55 — from 55 until 65, only enrollment All business is conducted directly illness. Would your present insurance $5.95 a month—65 and over, only $6.95. between you and the cover all your medical expenses? Al- No additional premiums can ever be as- company. No salesmen or in- vestigators are used. all most surely, the answer is no. sessed and, regardless of your age, you It adds up to get your first month for only $1 .00. high quality protection at low cost. But even if it did, what about your Extra Benefits Give You Real Security family's living expenses? Who would Offered By A Private "Doctors" and Peace of Mind pay the rent or mortgage? . . . your Company monthly payments?... the food bills and For as long as you live and continue to Your policy is backed by the resources, pay your premiums, we will never can- all the other bills that keep on coming integrity and reputation of Physicians in even when you are on tlie sick-list cel or refuse to renew your policy for Mutual Insurance Company, "the doc- and hospitalized? Yom" debts may pile health reasons—and we guarantee that tors' company" since 1902. For many up fast—and your savings may swifd\ we will never cancel, modify, or termi- years we specialized in health insur- disappear. You may recover your healtli nate your health policy unless we de- ance for physicians, surgeons and —but you may never recover from the cline renewal on all policies in your dentists exclusively. Headquartered in tremendous financial loss. entire state. Furthermore, all your ben- Omaha, Nebraska, where it is incorpo- are tax-free! But now you can stop worrying about efits rated and licensed. Physicians Mutual where the extra cash is going to come How We Can Offer So Much now serves hundreds of thousands of

from — if you take advantage of the For So Little policyholders in all walks of life all extra cash protection offered by the Information recently revealed by the across America direct by mail. Doctors Veterans Benefit Plan. Veterans Administration (NSLI) shows in your own community know about us Not only does it provide extra pro- that veterans live longer and are in bet- and may actually be insured by us. Our tection when you are hospitalized—but ter health than the general male popu- Board of Directors is still composed en- it pays you a big extra cash lump-sum lation. That's why it is possible for you tirely of respected members of the benefit for permanent disability. Con- sider what this big lump-sum payment could do for you if you should find your- PHYSICIAINS MUTUAL self permanently imable to work. Per- haps you'd receive small monthly pay- IIVSURAINCE COMPANY ments from social security or other 115 South 42nd Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131 insurance, but this big lump sum could be a hfesaver toward wiping out large debts or helping to pay off your mort- Best's Insurance Reports, the insurance industry's leading authority, gives Physicians Mutual a general policyholders' rating of "A" (Excellent), and a financial rating of AA. gage. Or perhaps you'd want to use it

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 Advertisement New "Bonus" Health Plan For Veterans Only!

any consequence thereof, service-connected full-time for at least 6 months before you 16 Why are the premiums so low? totally disabled. or non-service-connected disability for whicfi became First, we believe veterans, as a group, are you are receiving government compensation better insurance risks. Second, by encourag- 13 Can I drop out at any time? Can you or pension, or any condition covered by Work- ing regular check-ups, we hope to minimize drop me? men's Compensation or Employers Liability the chances of hospitalization and permanent

Laws. No matter how many claims you make or how disability. Finally, this is a mass enrollment much you collect, we will never cancel or plan— and no salesmen are used.

11 Does the Veterans Benefit Plan pay in refuse to renew your policy for health rea- 17 Why is there a "deadline" date? any hospital? sons-for as long as you live. We guarantee that we will never cancel, modify or terminate in order to offer the Plan You will be covered in any hospital in the to properly qualified your policy unless we decline renewal on all world that makes a charge for room and veterans without any other requirements and policies of this type in your entire state. You, board, except nursing homes, convalescent still maintain our low rate, we can only make of course, can drop your policy on any re- or self-care units of hospitals, Federal hospi- the Plan available on this basis during a newal date. tals or any hospital primarily for treatment limited enrollment period. The deadline date of tuberculosis, alcoholism, drug addiction, is firm-we cannot accept the enclosed En- 14 How do I report a claim? or mental disorder. rollment unless postmarked on or before that With your policy, you will receive a simple, date. easy-to-use Claim Form which you send di-

12 What if I become permanently disabled? rectly to the company when you wish to report 18 Why should I enroll right now? a claim. Should you become totally disabled for 12 Because an unexpected sickness or accident consecutive months before you reach the age could strike without warning— and you will 15] How much does it cost to join? of 65, and it is medically determined that not be covered until your policy is in force. you are unable to work at any job, you are Only $1.00, regardless of age. After your first Remember, if for any reason you change your entitled to a permanent total disability bene- month you pay only $4.95 a month until age mind, you may return your policy within 10 fit-a lump sum of $10,000.00 in tax-free 55; only $5.95 a month until age 65; and only days and your $1.00 will be refunded immedi- cash! Of course, you must have been employed $6.95 a month from age 65 and over. ately.

medical, dental and insurance profes- your Enrollment today. The minute we accept enrollments postmarked on or

sions. receive it, we will issue your Veterans before July 16, 1968. But please dont

No branch, department, or instru- Benefit Policy ( Form P303 Series ) and wait until the deadline. The sooner we mentality of the United States Govern- automatically put your poHcy in force. receive your Enrollment, the sooner ment has any connection with this Plan We'll also send you an easy-to-use the plan will cover you. We cannot or with Physicians Mutual. No veterans Claim Form so that when you need your cover you if your policy is not in force.

organization is in any way connected benefits you will have it ready to use. Simply fill out the form below and with this ofiEering. In addition, you'll receive special forms mail it with $1.00 today. When you re-

Urgent—Why You Should Enroll Today! each year to take to your doctor for ceive your policy, you'll see that it is

You have nothing to gain—but you can your medical check-up. simple and easy to understand. But, if lose—if you wait. Once accident or ill- for any reason you change your mind, ness strikes, it will be too late to get JUST ONE THING MORE! Because you may return it within 10 days and "extra cash" protection at any cost! Mail this is a limited enrollment we can only we will promptly refund your dollar!

This enrollment is not available to residents of Calif.. Minn., N.]., N./M., N.Y., N.C., Wise.

This Personal Record Card identifies In case of sudden accident or illness, it you as a veteran, tells of your special may help others save your life. This val- health problems, blood type, Immu- uable card will be sent to you abso- VETERAN'S nization record, allergies and care and lutely free with your Veterans Benefit medicine you need immediately if you policy. It is yours to keep even if you PERSONAL are unconscious or unable to speak. decide to return your policy for refund. RECORD Fill out and mail Enrollment with $1 to Veterans Benefit Plan, CARD Physicians Mutual Insurance Company, 115 South 42nd Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131 ^ VETERANS BENEFIT PLAN LIMITED ENROLLMENT FORM 7028 EXPIRATION DATE JULY 16, 1968

Middle Initial Last I have served honorably in the Armed Forces of the United States of America and am not now on active duty. I do not now receive compensation for a service- connected disability or pension for a non-service con- _STATE_ _ZIP NO.. nected disability from the Veterans Administration. I have enclosed my first monthly premium of $1.00 and hereby apply to PHYSICIANS MUTUAL Male Female DATE OF BIRTH_ SEX INSURANCE COMPANY, Omaha, Nebraska, for a Month Dav Year Veterans Benefit Policy, Form P303 Series. I under- Do you carry other insurance in this Company? stand that the policy is not in force until actually issued. No Yes (If "yes," please list policy numbers.)

OCCUPATION. . Date. -Signed i Form E-303 Sign Name in Full—Do Not Print

Please make check or money order payable to PHYSICIANS MUTUAL

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 45 THE F-111—OUR SCHIZOID AIRPLANE (Continued from page 16)

Dec. 21. The variable wing was first the F-1 1 I's "other personality" that only tested in flight Jan. 6, 1965. The follow- time will separate the wheat from the Now vou mav Ret the money you need . . . FAST! Borrow $100 to .000 with a Money- Pay As Little $1 ing March 5 an F-lllA made its first chaff. It is certain that for the Air Force, By-Mail "Secret Loan" from Dial. Absolute As $5.00 pnvorv No co-sij:ners needed, ABSOLUTELY flight faster than sound. On Nov. 9, the plane is not it after, NO MORTGAGES OF ANY KIND REQUIRED. a Month what was to the You use your own signature. I*ay up old 1966, an F-111 exceeded the speed of last detail, bills and ha\'e cash left over out of every Cnh 30 Monthly A because of modifications nec- paycheck. You Gel Paymentt (Special: Credit life insurance sound at less than 1,000 feet altitude essary to make the same basic plane evadable. at nominal cost). Whatever you $104.65 $5.00 need money for . . . ftet it FAST . . . and in privacy by Mail from Dial. Write today. 293.02 14.00 for 15 minutes. One of them flew the At- serve the Navy as a carrier plane to pro- No Obligation. 532.26 25.00 lantic on May 22, 1967. The Air Force tect the fleet. DIAL FINANCE CO., Dept F-092 Cash 36 Monthly You Get Payments 41 OKIIpitrlckJIdt, Omiha, Nelir. 68111? got its first training (non-operational) The final product is lighter than the (818.57 $33.00 FdIAL finance CO., Dept. F-092 model last July 24. At Nellis AFB, last Air Force wanted and heavier than the 1009.36 40.00 1410 Kllpatrick BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 88102 Oct. 16, the first "operationally config- wanted. vari- Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank. Navy The Navy needed I WILL CALL ured" F-lllA was received. It was five ances from the Air Force idea in length j Address months later that the first six went into (shorter), in weight (lighter), in thick- City combat in Southeast Asia, flying from ness (broader of nose). The final model . State ...Zip Code I Amount you want to borrow Thailand. went up from the Navy's length-weight Last Oct. 19 was the first time the es- limits and down from the Air Force's.

LEARN cape capsule was used in flight, when Just for manhandling it aboard a car- MEAT CUTTING pilot Dave Thigpen pulled the escape rier, storing it, moving it in elevators, trigger and he and copilot Max Gordon the Navy needed something smaller Train quickly in 8 short weeks at'ioledo and for a bright future with security in vital meat business. Rig pay, full-time Jobs— walked away unharmed. If the craft went lighter. The Navy wanted it chiefly as HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF VOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- able. Diploma given. Job help. Thou- sands of successful graduates. OUR 45th YEAR! Send now for big new illu.'^trated FREE c.'it;ilog. No ohliRation. G.I. Approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. A-97. Toledo, Ohio 43604 Worry of FALSE TEETH Slipping or Irritating? Don't be embarrassed by loose false teeth that drop, slip or wobble when you eat, talk or laugh. Just sprinkle a little PASTEETH on your plates. This pleasant powder holds plates more firmly—gives added sense of com- fort and security. It's alkaline. No gooey, pasty taste or feeling. Dentures that fit are essential to health. See your dentist regular- ly. Get FASTEETH today at all drug counters.

"I'd better hang up now, Grace—Henry is hinting again!' THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

into combat fast, the pretesting before a plane to protect the fleet, stay on patrol putting the plane in operation was ex- over long periods of time and do battle

ceedingly thorough. For instance, the es- from its station with the Phoenix mis- cape capsule had been ejected from jet- siles. They were to fire multiple weapons driven desert sleds going at supersonic at numerous targets simultaneously. The speeds (with dummies aboard) eleven Navy also wanted elaborate detection times by June 1966. On March 9, 1967, gear. Both the detection gear and the a two-man crew spent 24 hours bobbing Phoenix (as well as its operator) de- Your help goes where in a tethered capsule at sea, in Arctic manded nose space. One of the first Navy hunger is Give to wind and waters off Kodiak, Alaska. compromises was to waive any expecta- CARE, New York 10016 Tech Sergeants Roy Wilson and Henry tion of using it on smaller carriers, to put Gandy said they were "reasonably com- more emphasis yet on all carriers as big, fortable" in near zero weather and waves big carriers. The Navy was also dis- that got as high as 12 feet. Their water tressed at a final product with a price and rations were so ample that most were tag of $8 million each on its version,

unused after 24 hours. some of it for unneeded capabilities. Automatic Cards, Marker As fast as the first three planes were There is little question that the Cards, Electric Blowers, Flashboords, NEED IPU FROM f lost in Southeast Asia, Hanoi claimed F-1 11 can serve the Air Force and Ttirowaway Sheets or Tickets, Cages, 'ONE SOUR A CE I Balls, Etc. for any size Bingo Party. she had shot them down. But the usual that the F-1 1 IB could have served the FREE BULLETINS give Communist lie was exposed when the Navy, even excelling some of the expec- you HUNDREDS of IDEAS (over 400,000 printed words) to help crew of the second and its wreckage tations, if falling short of others. But you build successful BINGO PAR- turned up in Thailand. It was examina- one thing involved is a question still un- TIES. WRITE TODAY FOR FREE Fob INFORMATION... please include tion of the wreckage that indicated that answerable. Is it enough that the F-111 name and address of your Organ- a tube of sealant from Fort Worth was could meet today's most exacting stand- ization. fARJIES! what "shot it down." ards for Air Force or Navy? It will be The "BINGO KING ' CO., Inc. DEPT 447 BOX 1178, ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80110 So much controversy has raged about our basic Air Force craft for many years

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • AUGUST 1968 to come, for it was built to be the plane of the future, not the plane of today. It would have been our Navy plane of the future. Only the future will say whether the compromises built into it, to make it less than the plane of the future as seen by both forces in 1959, are actually ac- ceptable, or if they will penalize us. The Navy is now actively seeking a new plane, exactly tailored to its own needs, with the outspoken consent of the Senate Armed Forces Committee and the apparent blessing of the Pentagon. The Air Force will live with Navy needs built into its plane. Two of these we have already seen.

1 . Shorter low -level, high-speed range than the Air Force desired. 2. broader nose with right side pilot A 'Oh, no—not at the rush hour!" blindness, and fuel consuming drag. THiS AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE A great deal of the F-1 1 1 controversy is academic to anyone whose prime in- ing the contract to General Dynamics gled if, in, say, 1980, the Air Force finds terest is in whether the plane is what instead of the low-bidder, Boeing, is part the F-111 inadequate to match a for- we are going to need in the years ahead, of the history, but has little to do with eign aggressor, while an uncompromised or if we will need a different craft that whether this is the right plane for the plane, possible today, would have been we might have gotten with the same time future. adequate. // it turns out that North Viet- and money without McNamara's shot- It would take a genius to wade through nam can shoot it down because of a com- gun wedding. (Incidentally, some of the the charges and countercharges of how promised feature, the plane will be a F-111 design is superior to what either much the plane cost, compared to what scandal. service sought, and was forced into by it ought to have cost, and prove that The true test of our schizoid plane is the need to compromise. Its compactness statements made about millions and mil- thus in the lap of time and events. It and use-for-weight ratio is in that cate- lions spent on "bungling and false prom- seems magnificent today, but only the gory.) ises" are meaningful or special plead- future will say if it is a magnificent toy The ruckus over McNamara's award- ing. The whole thing will have been bun- or a magnificent weapon. the end

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 47 )

A LOOK AT NEW ORLEANS, LA. ville was later returned. Throughout (Continued from page 30) the 1700's the city was walled, and since the northernmost street was on the ram- In 1803 a new and amhitioiis French poleon's theory. By sea the British parts, it became Rampart Street. governor arrived full of dreams of the brought an army, and would have had nsw French restoration of the city and an easy time were New Orleans to be The Auditorium foundation stands on ground that once held part of the wall. the great territory behind it. He busied defended from France. But the com- All beyond was cypress slug- himself with plans, while the French citi- bined Americans and locals threw them swamp, gishly drained by St. zens (who had been treated well by the back in the famous Battle of New Or- Bayou John and Gentilly into Pontchartrain. Spanish after some early difficulties of leans. Subsequently the Americans re- Bayou Lake These bayous gave access to an inland their own making) welcomed the French named Place d'Armes, calling it Jackson waterway along the via the lake. return. The official transfer of power Square, and erected the heroic statue of Gulf That was one of the reasons for the se- back to France was set for ceremonies Jackson triumphant on horseback at its lection of the city site by Bienville. To- in Place d'Armes on Nov. 30, 1803. But center. He is also honored by the Jack- day, straight out toward the lake, almost long before then the new governor knew son brewery nearby, and its big Jax beer three miles beyond the old wall, in the that it was all a mockery. Napoleon, tak- ad towering just off the square, though very heart of the former swamp, stands ing the long view, had the same strategic it is a bit jarring in the rest of the sur- Orleans City Park a truly beauti- idea as the Spaniards. How could you roundings. This was the sort of thing the New — ful and well kept city park. In it is City hold this place against British seapower? Creoles didn't like about the Americans Park Stadium, where, on Sunday night, How could you hold it against the at all. Sept. 8, the Legion's national Drum and American adventurers, every day press- On two facing sides of Jackson Square Bugle Corps championships will be held. ing closer to the city by land? What bet- stand the block-long pair of Pontalba ter thing to do than see that the Ameri- apartment houses, built in 1849 and said ODDITY ABOUT Ncw Orleans is that cans got it, and not the British? to be the oldest true apartment houses AN . while most of the present city was Listening to President Thomas Jeffer- now standing in the United States. They drained by canals, there was never a son's emissaries. Napoleon shrewdly are in the traditional design of the old canal on Canal Street. And it is very hard agreed to sell it all for $15 million, in- city. Altogether, the square is quite an to find a native who feels sure just why cluding New Orleans and the whole Mis- historic eyeful. Canal Street is Canal Street, or why, if sissippi watershed claimed by France. Elsewhere in the French Quarter you it wasn't a canal, it is so wide. Thanks Well before Nov. 30, 1803, the sale was will find a number of reminders of La- in part to historian John Chase we have known in New Orleans. In a bitter (to fitte, including one of his secret head- the following, which also reveals why him), formal ceremony, the French gov- quarters. Common Street, an important business ernor went through the motions of ac- street paralleling Canal, is Common cepting Louisiana from Spain on Nov. THE Legion convention meets WHEN Street. 30, in ceremonies in the Place d'Armes. for its full sessions in the Municipal Way back in the early French days, Three weeks later, on Dec. 20, 1803, he Auditorium, the delegates will find them- Jesuit brothers were allowed to settle out- went through the motions (just as bit- selves exactly in the line of an old fort side the city and go into farming in an terly) of repeating the ceremony in the wall that surrounded the old city except area that is now in the main business Place d'Armes. He transferred the heart on the river side. The Auditorium is on district. Loyola Avenue at Common of the continent to William C. C. Clai- Beauregard Square, which is at St. Peter Street pretty well defines its inland limits, borne, acting as agent and temporary and Rampart Streets. Within ten years of as befits a Jesuit settlement.* (And now governor for the United States. (Some- Bienville's founding of the city, the you have a better idea where the Public what north of the French Quarter you Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians waged Library is.) Thanks to some religious will find long, broad Claiborne Avenue war on it so successfully that Bienville contention the Jesuits were evicted and today. was exhausted by his efforts to pacify their property condemned. A good piece In 1815 Gen. Andrew Jackson, aided them and asked to be recalled to France. of their farmland was then set aside by Lafitte. the pirate, proved out Na- When his successor did no better, Bien- as "common ground" for public use, or, in French, "terre commune." Common

Street was, obviously, part of it. Under

1 HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR ADDRESS? the Americans, later, a 1 7 -foot-wide

To insure that your magazine will follow you if you've changed additional strip was set aside by Con- your address recently or expect to shortly, fill out this coupon and gress to be both a street and a canal, the mail to: Circulation Dep't, The American Legion Magazine, P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Also, notify your post adjutant. canal to have 50 feet of the width, and to connect with Bayou St. John. In 1852 ATTACH ADDRESS LABEL FROM YOUR CURRENT I the company that was to build the canal ISSUE IN THIS SPACE OR PRINT OLD ADDRESS I went bankrupt and forfeited its charter. No more canal-to-be. The street simply absorbed the extra 50 feet of width in absence of an act to do anything else

with it. It was renamed Touro Avenue in 1854, after a merchant who had helped PLEASE PRINT Date- beautify it. But the natives did what New Yorkers do with 6th Avenue. It's nearly NAME POST NO._ a generation since a mayor put up new (member's name) signs calling 6th Avenue the Avenue of CARD NO. YEAR_ DEPT. (include letter prefix) the Americas, but it's still 6th Avenue NEW ADDRESS. to everyone, including New York's city- (street) (route or P.O. BOX)

CITY or TOWN STATE * Footnote—The Spanish St. Ignatius of Loyola (zip code) founded the Jesuit order, or Society of Jesus, in 1540.

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 —

owned subway system. In New Orleans shrimp? Or its excellent restaurants? A they kept right on calHng Touro Avenue pity the crawfish won't be in season in Canal Street. After about a year of this September. This highly edible delicacy the city fathers made that official again. can be dragged out of almost any Louis- ^1000 The American Legion Parade will iana bayou by the poorest citizen, and BORROW pass down 1 miles of Canal Street on it is just like a little Maine lobster, in Monday, Sept. 9. As New Orleans can appearance and for eating. A "crawfish Y ON be a mite warm at that time of year, boil" is the southern Louisiana version MAIL the parade will be in the evening, starting of the old-fashioned clambake—a real ,YOUR SIGNATURE at 6. It is a perfectly flat parade route, social with gorgeous eating. But these lit- held in a city whose Mardi Gras experi- tle goodies are really in season in late ONLY „ . ence ought to make any parades duck winter. soup to handle well, on a street that is ' 39^' MONTHIY REPAYS M 000 wide and palm lined. The parade starts BACK IN THE French Market for a min- at Galvez Street and proceeds toward the ute. New Orleans' Streetcar Named Write to American CASH YOU WANT river to disband at Magazine Street. Gal- Desire has been replaced by a bus Loan Plan; City National Amount No. of Monthly Bank BIdg., Omaha, of Loan Pay'ts Payments vez is Galvez on both sides, but Maga- "named" Desire, ie: marked for Desire Nebraska 68102. Find $ 100 30 $ 4.77 Street. But someone has preserved a out how easy it is to $ 300 30 $14.33 borrow by mail. If you're $ 500 30 $23.55 streetcar named Desire in its own little steadily employed, you $ 800 36 $32.27 museum in the French Market, so you can borrow for any pur- $1000 36 $39.65 can still see one as a relic when you go pose on your signature only. No endorsers, no personal interviews, no for your doughnuts and java. Other agents will call. You get fast service and every- trolley cars still operate in New Orleans, thing is handled entirely by mail in strict con- fidence. Details sent in the only place San Francisco's cable a plain envelope. Write — today; there's no obligation. cars excepted—where we have seen any in running the United States in recent AMERICAN LOAN PLAN, Dept. KA 2E04 years. City National Bank BIdg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 If you are fussy about good coffee, you should find plenty to suit your palate

in New Orleans, and if the wind is right

you can smell it roasting elsewhere while sipping your own in the French Market. It comes right off ships from Latin America along the neighboring docking

space, and some of it is roasted nearby.

We didn't see where, but we scented it, on a recent stroll. One of the Spanish features of the TABLESI

French Quarter is the inner court in CHAIRS! many a building which appears cramped "Maybe someday I'll grow into a fragile, on the sidewalk. Some of the best eating • BANQUET/MEETING FURNITURE delicate, haunting creature. Right now • TENNIS TABLES I'm enjoying my .623 batting average." places look like little from the outside, • COAT/ HAT RACKS but open into pleasant, sociable and THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE / 7 spacious interior courts. Adirondack zine is Decatur on the downriver side, We can't testify to the best of many 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C 10010 and is the waterfront street of the French fine restaurants, but Brennan's and An- Shipping Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO Quarter, added in later years below the toine's are, of course, nationally famous. BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES older Chartres Street. The hotel meals we've had in the busi- A good stroll by a parader along De- ness district were good enough. Friends catur, after stepping out of the parade and locals alike speak up for Felix's as a MARTINS FLAGS fine oyster bar. late in the evening, will take him to the We "oystered" recently at DISPLAYS FOR far riverward corner of the French Quar- The Pearl on St. Charles Ave., just off ORGANIZATIONS- TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS ter where the famous French Market Canal. The place is far from pretentious, Pronnpt shipment. Ask for our is, just in time to join much of New but its oysters spoke for themselves. colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 68A Orleans' night life in one of its favorite Some people who have taken river and MARTIN'S FLAG CO., FORT DODGE, IOWA 50501 before-bed occupations, coffee and bayou boat trips from the foot of Canal doughnuts at the French Market. Or he simply rave about them. A friend says BERNARD .® OUTDOOR can head in any direction toward what Preservation Hall, next to Pat O'Brien's, he may have established as his favorite "offers the best jazz in the city." With our oyster bar by then. New Orleans raw ear, we wouldn't know. Like many of oysters on the half shell are among the the jazz places, admission is by contribu- AMERICA'S FAVORITE COOK-OUT FOODS! world's best, if you like oysters as much tion and it's just for hot music—no bar NO REFRIGERATION-JUST ADD WATER as we do. You eat 'em standing up and no nothing much but jazz. Trumpeter Al Write for FREE KAMP PACK brochure mix your own sauce. At some seasons Hirt's place is famous. This same friend DEPT. AM, BERNARD FOOD INDUSTRIES P.O. BOX 1497, EVANSTON, ILL. 60204 they are as big as the great Cape Cod speaks well of the Court of Two Sisters oysters of the northeast coast. Their for breakfast and lunch. But New Or- NAME flavor is oo-la-la and they are always in leans is such an eating city that it's a ADDRESS season. And $1.30 a dozen was what we game without end to start naming all the CITY paid recently. good places. looking You go yourself. STAT E -ZIP. Why tell anyone about New Orleans THE END THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 49 —

THE STORY BEHIND OUR POLITICAL CONVENTIONS (Continued from page 11)

moderates have been fighting in 1968 for the Democratic National Convention in a much less conservative party platform 1968 and future years. For the first than the one drawn up by Goldwater's time in modern history, as a result, there supporters four years ago. With a less will be Negroes on the Alabama delega- conservative platform, they feel, they tion to this year's convention. But there can create a climate for a liberal nom- are still likely to be lively credentials inee, or free any candidate from self- fights over the racial balance and the defeating overconservatism if he wins loyalty to the national party of several the nomination at Miami Beach. Southern delegations. Preconvention fireworks, sometimes By the official opening day of a mod- OUTLASTS even carried over onto the convention ern national nominating convention, the floor itself, occasionally surround the city is jam-packed with delegates, alter- VARNISH 2tol decisions of the Credentials Committee. nates, curious bystanders and a press It can decide which delegates may be corps of at least 5,000. By now the Miracle clear plastic gives glass-like, diamond- hard, long-lasting protection to any wood or metal, seated—a mighty power. In 1952, when Presidential contenders will hope to have interior or exterior. Fast drying, non-toxic. Avail- General Eisenhower and the late Sen. sewn up enough delegate commitments able wherever paints are sold. Robert A. Taft were engaged in a spirited to nominate their man. But if the nom- /i^THE FLECTO CO., INC. contest for the Republican nomination, ination is still uncertain, the convention Eisenhower partisans charged that a city will be filled with reports and rumors delegate "steal" was being perpetrated of caucuses, deals, pressures and maneu- SHIP because they were frozen out by Taft- vers. A serious contender like Kennedy MODELS controlled state party organizations in in 1960 or Goldwater in 1964 will have Historic Clipper Ship Models and others, hand built and in kits. the Southern states, especially Georgia moved in a whole army of special aides Kit prices from $8.95. A reward- ing hobby. Fully lllus. 112 pg. and Texas. Rival Taft and Eisenhower and contact men, whose efforts are co- Catalogalso shows unusual Nau- delegations from those two states arrived ordinated through a complex tical items and over 100 pictures com- of Ships & Sea. Send 25t' to at the Chicago convention and the Taft- munications system that stretches from PRESTON'S Nfain St, Wh.irf, Greenporr, Y. -95-A N. controlled Credentials Committee de- downtown headquarters to key delega- cided for the Taft delegations. But the tions to the convention floor itself. They Your Own nation's 25 Republican Governors pro- will by now have careful records on the MAIL ORDER _Ju.s/iiesx START PART TIME, AT HOME. New GIFT GUIDE offers 65 tested against letting the disputed Taft political leanings of every delegate to popular products wanted year-round by men, women. No delegations vote on the credentials fight the convention, plus other useful in- risk — you get CASH IN ADVANCE. Satisfaction Guaranteed involving their own seats on the conven- formation about each delegate that can or Money Back. NO INVESTMENT IN MERCHANDISE. Make tion floor. The convention narrowly de- be used to sway him at a crucial moment. $6.60 or more per sale! Use profits to expand. Begin NOVl/ -write for FREE DETAILS. cided against the Taft delegations. With In the convention hall, the party's na- MOTOR AVE., LOS ANGELES 90034 GIFT GUIDE, DEPT.121,3408y2 this psychological victory behind them, tional chairman will wield the gavel to the Eisenhower forces moved forward to call the convention to order. This year

BASEMENT TOILET win the Presidential nomination for their it will be Chairman Ray C. Bliss for the FLUSHES UP man. Republicans and Chairman John M. to sewer or septic tank '1.; j:.^ In 1964, the Democratic Credentials Bailey for the Democrats. The major no digging up floors. Committee was called on to settle a attraction of the first evening will be

WRITE , . . Mcpherson, inc. potentially explosive conflict over cre- the keynote address for the convention, BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614 dentials for the Mississippi delegates. a call to battle to the party faithful and The all-white regular Democratic dele- through television—an effort to sell the HEAVY DUTY BALL-BEARING PUMP gates from that state were challenged by nation on the party's cause. IRRIGATE • DRAIN • SPRAY • CIRCULATE • All metal, rust-proof XB. Stainless shaft. Use Vt HP the largely Negro "Mississippi Freedom Sometimes, a keynote speech can play or larger. 1 HP for up to 5,200 GPH 60' high or 3,000 GPH from 25' well. 1'/," inlet. 1" Democratic Party," which alleged that a major role in the subsequent course of outlet. For belt or direct drives. $12.95 Negroes had been intimidated and de- the convention. When the Democrats Type P won't rust or clog. Hundreds of thousands In use. Up to 2,400 GPH. nied the right to vote in that state. On gathered in Philadelphia in 1948, most 1" I inlet. Vi" outlet J8.95 P'pd. cash with order. Money Back Guarantee. the recommendation of the Credentials were convinced that the Republicans LABAWCO. Bo« 56. Belle Mead, W. J. 08502 Committee, the convention approved a would oust President Truman in that compromise solution letting the Missis- year's elections. But Kentucky's Sen. RELINE YOUR FALSE sippi regulars take their seats if they Alben Barkley gave such a rousing key- would sign a loyalty oath—that is, agree note address that he dispelled the de- TEETH FOR A PERFECT FIT to support whatever platform and candi- featist atmosphere. Barkley's perform- EASY TO date the convention decided on. Two ance was so outstanding that he was then USE STRIPS convention seats at "large" were offered selected to be the party's Vice Presi- the Freedom Democrats. Most of the dential nominee on the ticket with Mississippi regulars then walked out of President Truman. Against all predic- the convention, while the Freedom tions, the Truman-Barkley ticket went on Trouble with loose plates chat slip, rock or cause Democrats rejected the compromise. to win that year's election. sore gums.' Try Brimms Plasti-Liner. One applica- A tion makes plates fit snugly without powder, paste loyalty oath was required also of the A keynote speech may not always or cushions. Brimms Plasti-Liner adheres perma- nently to your plate; ends the bother of temporary Alabama Democratic delegates, but most help a man's national image, however. applications. With plates held firmly by Plasti-Liner, it of the Tennessee's Gov. Frank G. Clement was YOU CAN EAT ANYTHING! Simply lay soft refused to take and walked out strip of Plasti-Liner on troublesome upper or lower. convention. only 36 when the Democrats picked him Bite and it molds perfectly. Easy to use, tasteless, odorless; harmless to you and your plates. Remova- One result of the 1964 Democratic to give their 1956 address. Clement de- ble as directed. Money-back guarantee. At your drug counter. fight was the adoption by the Demo- livered a classic oration in the style of BRIMMS PLASTI-LINER crats of an anti-discrimination rule for the last century in which he kept asking, THE PERMANENT DENTURE RELINER state party groups naming delegates to "How long, O Lord, how long" until

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 . '

the nation would be relieved of Re- stone. Theoretically, Lodge could have names in nomination for the Presidency, publican rule. Reporter "Red" Smith was been overruled by a roll call—but in the As each state's name is reached alpha- unkind enough to write: "The young hubbub of a recess he could be "deaf" betically, it may either place a name in Governor of Tennessee, Frank G. Clem- to a demand for one. nomination itself, yield to another state ent, slew the Republican Party with the The late House Speaker Sam Rayburn that wants to make a nomination, or jawbone of an ass here tonight." (the Democrats' permanent chairman in pass. With a popular incumbent Presi- The convention keynoter usually acts three national conventions) demon- dent in office, there may be no other as temporary chairman of the conven- strated the power of his position in 1956 nominations than his. But in the con- tion until the second day, when the per- by simply refusing to recognize the states vention of a party out of power (or if manent officers take over. The post of calling for a roll-call vote on a contro- the President is not a candidate or is string permanent chairman is of key impor- versial minority civil rights plank. challenged) there can be a long tance, since the man in that position has of nominations—both serious candidates the power to recognize or not recognize SOMETIMES there is a fight on the sec- and "favorite sons." delegations and to decide whether the ond day of the convention over the The Democratic convention of 1924, "aye's" or the "no's" have carried the permanent rules for the convention. In famous for so many things, taught the day on important votes. A ruling by the 1952 Democratic convention, a public what a "favorite son" is as nothing Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, grandfather of stormy battle developed over the loyalty else before or since. It is, of course, a the piesent Ambassador and permanent oath adopted by the convention as part candidate from the home state who is chairman of the 1920 Republican con- of its permanent rules. A struggle over not expected to win anything. The dele- vention, set the stage for the deal in the the loyalty issue has erupted or at least gates put his name up and vote for him "smoke-filled room" that resulted in been threatened at every Democratic while they bargain among the leading Warren Harding's nomination. After the convention since. candidates for favors. They may even first four convention ballots that year, a The major business of the second con- hope to "name" the actual candidate, by trend seemed to be developing toward vention day is normally the adoption of switching to him at the "crucial mo- Gen. Leonard Wood. The Senatorial the platform. Actually, these days, it is ment." If so, and if he becomes Presi- junta opposed to Wood moved for a something of a misnomer to talk of the dent, they may remind him that "they recess, and Chairman Lodge, in the face first or second or third "day" of a con- put him over." In the course of nominat- of a great roar of "no's" on the motion, vention, since virtually all sessions are ing a favorite son, delegations may also blandly said the "aye's" had it and the scheduled for the evenings in order to use the time to advertise their state and convention recessed. The steam was gone capture maximum national television its wonders over the TV-radio hookup. out of the movement for Wood, and the audiences. A delegation may even stick by its fa- group that settled on Harding was soon By the third evening the time has come vorite son throughout a convention, as a assembled in room 404 of the Black- to call the roll of the states for placing {Continued on page 52)

AMOUNT OF INSURANCE, DETERMINED BY AGE' OFFICIAL AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE Age Basic Full Unit Total Coverage During 1968 Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 a Legionnaire, you can protect your family's well-being for as little as 7(jS a day As 30-34 8,000 9,200.00 with Official American Legion Life Insurance. Just mail this application with a check 35-44 4,500 5,175.00 45-54 2,200 2,530.00 for for full unit protection for rest to $12 a the of 1968. That comes only $2 a 55-59 1,200 1,380.00 month! Normally no medical is required. If your application is not accepted, your $12 60-64 800 920.00 65-69 500 575.00 will be promptly refunded. (And now, provided you join the plan before age 70, your 70-74 330 379.50 coverage can stay in force through age 74.) -After you sign up, your coverage gradually reduces.

OFFICIAL APPLICATION for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION AMERICAN TYPE OR PRINT ALL QUESTIONS CHECK THIS LEGION PLEASE ANSWER MUST ACCOMPANY APPLICATION LIFE Full Name Birth Date INSURANCE Last First Middle Mo. Day Year PLAN Permanent Residence IMPORTANT Street No. City State Name of Beneficiary _ .Relationship. If you reside in New ' Example: Print 'Helen Louise Jones," Not 'Mrs. H. I. Jones" York, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Wiscon- Membership Card No. Year Post No. _ State. sin, Illinois, New Jer- apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 sey or Puerto Rico, do The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this not use this form. application: Instead, write to 1. Present occupation? . Are you now actively working? American Legion Life Insurance Plan, P.O. YesQ NoQ If No, give reason.

Box 5609, Chicago, 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of Illinois 60680. Appli- stay and cause cations and benefits , 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes vary slightly in some areas. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details . MAIL TO: I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this application AMERICAN LEGION are true and complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under

LIFE INSURANCE the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may PLAN, attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired.

P.O. BOX 5609. Dated. 19. Signature of Applicant. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-SOO-e ED. S.63 60680 _J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 51 THE STORY BEHIND OUR POLITICAL CONVENTIONS kie. We want Willkie. We want Willkie." (Continued from page 51) For long periods of time that was all the nation's radio listeners could hear. form of protest against all leading candi- been deceptive. At the Democratic con- The trick was an old one: Abraham Lin- dates. vention in Los Angeles in 1960, Minne- coln's supporters also had packed the The 1924 conventions were the first sota's Sen. Eugene McCarthy gave a stir- galleries at the 1 860 Republican conven- ever heard over radio by most of the ring nomination speech for the late Adiai tion in Chicago, contributing to Lincoln's population. When the Democrats went to Stevenson, followed by a wildly enthu- victory over the much better known Sen. 103 ballots, each roll call began, of siastic demonstration. To the politically William Seward of New York. course, with Alabama. On each roll call, naive, it may have looked as if Steven- The phenomena of the deadlocked the first words heard over the airwaves son might sweep the convention. But in convention dark horse winners were (slowly and deliberately, until the reality, Kennedy already had a majority and may be fading into history, however. The Re- whole nation could recite it in unison) of the delegates sewed up. There were publicans have not needed more than "Alabama . . . casts ... 24 votes . . . very few actual delegates among the one ballot since they selected Thomas E. for . . . Oscar . . . W. . . . UNDER- frenzied Stevenson demonstrators on the Dewey (on the third ballot) at their 1948 WOOD." It would be a perfect story if, convention floor. convention in Philadelphia. last on the 103rd ballot the people at radios The time the Democrats failed to had known the deadlock was broken by ACTING ON THE Suggestion of former reach an im- mediate decision was in 1952 at Chicago, hearing Alabama go for John W. Davis. . President Eisenhower, the Republi- when Adlai Stevenson did not But Davis was not to Alabama's liking. cans have adopted a number of conven- emerge as the winner until the third ballot. Steven- When the tide turned to Davis, Alabama tion rule reforms this year—including son had protested until the day of his had cast its 103rd vote for its favorite barring outside demonstrators altogether. nomination that he was not interested in son, too. The lore of political conventions is the Presidency. If true, that made him An exceptionally long list of "favorite rich with stories of "dark horses"—men the last Presidential candidate really to son" nominations is likely at both parties' scarcely considered before the conven- be chosen by a "draft." Television may conventions this year. tion who were able to win the nomina- be responsible for an end to deadlocks The formal speeches in which the tion because the leading candidates were and dark horse nominations. Daily tele- names of the Presidential candidates are deadlocked. We have mentioned Hard- vised proceedings of a seriously dead- placed in nomination represent Ameri- ing in 1920 and Davis in 1924. One of locked convention would be terribly em- can political oratory at its most flam- the most sensational dark horse victories barrassing for a party. television boyant. Nominating speeches now run in recent history occurred at the 1940 And has made the major nominees for each to 15 or 20 minutes—though it took just Republican convention. Indiana-born party's nomination so well known to the 27 words to place Lincoln's name in Wendell Willkie, known best as a Wall people that a party would have great nomination in 1 860. At least by tradi- Street lawyer and public utility execu- difficulty in explaining how it had junked tion, the name of the candidate is not tive, emerged as the nominee of a dead- them all to settle on an obscure dark- mentioned until the very end of the locked Republican convention on the horse entry for the American Presidency. speech—and is invariably the signal for sixth ballot. Willkie, incidentally, had a carefully prearranged demonstration learned something about deadlocked Once the Presidential nominee is on the convention floor. In the early conventions as a delegate to that famous picked, the steam is gone out of a con- years, only delegates participated in Democratic convention of 1924 that vention, and the delegates wearily wait demonstrations, but in recent decades went to 103 ballots. He was an acknowl- to hear whom the Presidential candidate would like as a for most or all of the demonstrators have edged Democrat until shortly before his running mate Vice been paid or volunteer workers brought 1940 nomination by the Republicans. President. His choice is usually ratified onto the convention floor for that specific The convention galleries were packed promptly. In 1956, Adlai Stevenson took purpose. At times, the appearance has with chanters shouting: "We want Will- the unusual step of throwing the choice of a Vice President to the convention without indicating his personal choice. A spirited battle developed between two Senators, Estes Kefauver of Tennessee and John F. Kennedy of Massachusetts. Kefauver won on the second ballot, but Kennedy learned some valuable lessons about maneuvering in a political con- vention. They served him well when he won a first-ballot nomination in 1960. The convention practice of letting a Presidential nominee pick his Vice Presi-

dent is now mirrored in the Constitution itself. The newly-ratified 25th Amend- ment on Presidential disability includes a provision letting the President name a new Vice President, subject to ratifica- tion by Congress, whenever the office of Vice President becomes vacant. The

principle involved is a simple one: in a nuclear age, and with the powers of the Presidency vastly increased over earlier decades, a Vice President should be a man who has the implicit trust of the President and can be informed of all the secrets of state so that he could easily step into the Presidency should the Presi- dent die in office. The formal acceptance speeches by the nominees for President and Vice JVOiyEVERYBODY CAN BUY THEIR President have now become a fixture of the national conventions. But they are a fairly modern invention. Franklin D. OWN fjirrff>iraotff WITH Roosevelt, nominated by the Democratic convention in Chicago in 1932, was the first Presidential nominee to appear in NO RENTAL CHARGE AT ALL person to accept the nomination. In 1860, Lincoln stayed in his home city Complete with 4-PRONG PLUG, RINGER, of Springfield during the entire course of the Chicago convention that nomin- REGULAR CORD ated him for the Presidency. Lincoln Just plug it in ! f wrote to a friend in Chicago: "I am a Nothing else to buy! \j0 little too much of a candidate to stay top brand name standard home and not quite enough of a candi- These well-made, dial phones are completely reconditioned by date to go."

experienced factory-trained repairmen . . . The acceptance speech, nationally tele- rewired, refinished and inspected down to vised, may set the tone for an entire cam- the last service detail. Each is READY-TO- paign. In 1960, Kennedy announced his USE, WITH RINGER, 4-PRONG PLUG AND ON SALE-NOW "New Frontier" theme during his Los CORD. There is nothing else to buy. Great as

Angeles acceptance speech. The same that extra phone ... or 2-phone intercom system ... in office, den, kitchen, bedroom, etc. . .

year, Nixon announced in his Chicago and it costs you less to own it yourself than what you have to pay in one year's rent! acceptance speech that he would visit all CHOOSE ANY PHONE YOU LIKE AND OWN IT -NO RENTAL CHARGES TO PAY EVER 50 states in his campaign. That struck a responsive chord among the delegates, and probably with his national audience WESTERN as well. But it bedeviled him during the ELECTRIC exhausting final stretch of the autumn HANGER campaign, when he spent a valuable final PHONE

weekend traveling to Alaska (which he With Dial $15.95 won) rather than visiting large swing WESTERN ELECTRIC WESTERN ELECTRIC states like Michigan (where he lost). COLOR PHONES with Bell (Vintage 1928) No Dial $11.95 Available in red, blue, green, Colored Antique Cradle Phone. Black Only yellow, white, beige, ivory, pink, Green. Yellow, White, Beige, Blue, ACCEPTANCE is black, gold $15.95 THE speech often an Red, Pink and Gold $19.95 effort to bind up the wounds which the party may have inflicted on itself in the fight for the nomination. But in 1964, Sen. Barry Goldwater's San Francisco acceptance speech proclaimed that "ex- tremism in the defense of liberty is no vice" and that "moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue." This did not sit WESTERN ELECTRIC well with the moderates of his own party. COLOR WALL PHONES FRENCH CRADLE PHONE President Johnson also broke with White, Beige, Ivory. Green, Red, All brass $69.95 From Milady's boudoir. In ivory, black or $19.95 Blue, Black, Pink All black w/dial . . . .$49.95 brass complete with bell and plug-in. $59.95 bell custom in 1964 by appearing twice be- includes All black, no dial . . . .$29.95 fore the Democratic National Conven- tion in Atlantic City. The first appear- ance, immediately after Johnson's own nomination for the Presidency, was to announce to the delegates that Hubert ERICOPHONE -i . Humphrey was his personal selection for The i - ptione with the' PRINCESS TYPE the Vice Presidential slot. On the final dial on the bot- "STARLITE PHONE" tom. Lift, it is ready to dial and concluding day of the convention, or answer, set down and MODERN STANDARD Pink, Blue, Green and White, Johnson then appeared again to give his communication is cut off. Ivory. Complete with Bell and Red, Ivory, Beige, White. COLOR PHONES Light $39.95 formal acceptance speech. Blue, Green. Yellow Green, Blue, Pink, White, Ivory, With Buzzer $49.95 Red. Beige, Greens Yellow $22.95 BARONESS -White only with bell When the convention is ready to ad- With Tweeter • • .$59.95 Black $29.95 journ, the exhausted delegates prepare GRANDCOM, INC., Dept. AL-6 We carry a big line of Telephones. NEW, to go home to preach the party gospel 1 1 52 Sixth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 1 0036 OLD, REBUILT- EQUIPMENT, etc. Write if the you're interested in, any item not listed. and virtues of the men they have Send me reconditioned or new phones nominated. And the country braces it- as listed below: self for the climactic general election Add $1.50 shipping campaign in the autumn. Several weeks and Handling Charge for each phone later, far from the hurly-burly of^ the Name Shipping Charges $_ ordered east of Mississippi. convention and the campaign traits the Address- Tax if any $_ $2.00 for each phone west of Mississippi. final choice of the President will be made City -State.. .7ip_ Total enclosed $_ by 75 million voters in the quiet of their Enclose check or Money Order. No C.O.D.'s polling booths across the nation, the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 53 PERSONAL BASEBALL'S SECRET SIGN LANGUAGE -(Continued from page 22)-

SUMMER JOBS SCARCE. touching his face. Sitting in the dugout one day, with big Boog Powell at bat MOVING? NOTE THESE TIPS. and a runner on first, Bauer touched his

face for no other reason than it itched. DOLLAR KNOW-HOW. The obedient third-base coach imme- diately gave the bunt sign to Boog, a College and high school graduates won't have much ti-ouble getting per- home-run hitter. manent employment this year, but students looking for temporary summer Boog stared, unbelieving. He hadn't jobs will find the pickings somewhat slim. If you have a student in the dropped a bunt in months. Suddenly family who wants summer work, he should get on the ball immediately. Bauer realized what had happened. He To give you an idea of this year's competition: Some 2.8 million students came olT the bench roaring, frantically will be looking for temporary work, bringing the nation's labor force in giving the rubofif sign to erase the bunt. the 16-21 age bracket to 13.4 million. Of that total, 1.6 million probably For several seasons the floundering won't find work. Mets dismayed veteran sign stealers. In Among the available jobs themselves, the best bets are in the service one game a Dodger catcher saw the Met industries, sales and sales-related work, farming, maybe some construction, coach give the hit-and-run sign to the and camp counseling (there actually is a shortage of camp counselors). batter and base runner. The catcher Meantime, remember: called for a pitchout. But neither base • Your youngster may need a work permit. Check your local laws. runner nor hitter saw the sign. The bat- • Youngsters must file income tax returns if they make $600 or more, but ter took the wide pitch for a ball, the they don't have to pay taxes until they cross the $900 mark. runner sticking fast to first.

If you figure on moving to another residence in the months ahead, plan AGAIN THE Met coach signed for a hit

everything very carefully so that you won't get stranded. Here's why: . and run. Again only the opposing 1) Housing is very hard to find. For example, the vacancy rate for rental catcher saw the sign. He called for an- units is down to around 5^2% and a mere 1.2"^ in units available for sale. other pitchout. Again the batter didn't 2) The costs of moving are rising, and there have been numerous delays swing, the runner didn't run. "Ball two!" because of strikes. On longer hauls, rates just went up i.25^/c- hollered the umpire. Be sure to keep an accurate record of moving expenses if the shift is The catcher yanked off his mask. He related to your job. In that case, you may be able to get a tax deduction if tapped the Met batter on the shoulder you—and not your employer—foot the bill. and pointed to the third-base coach. * "Son," he said, "that fellow down there is trying to tell you something. If you The cost of borrowing money—already brutal—will stay high for the don't catch that sign soon, you and immediate future and may go even higher. me are both going to be in big trouble." Of course, if you are able to save money, the reverse is tioie—you will Even a coach occasionally will mess get a handsome rate of return. But remember that the return may be up a sign. Once Hank Aaron, the Braves' taxable and that the cost of living is rising while your money is salted slugger, got the squeeze-play sign from away. In all, the experts say that these are the alternatives you can choose from nowadays: the third-base coach. The coach then gave the sign to the hitter. But in the • E Bonds and Freedom shares: The former pay 4.15% when held to tension of the moment, the coach wig- maturity (7 years) and the latter 4.74% (held to AVz years). Neither brings wagged the hit-and-run sign to the bat- a spectacular rate, but thej' can be acquired painlessly and you don't have ter. As the pitcher threw, Aaron streaked to pay a tax on the interest until you cash them in. for home. • Municipal bonds: They earn about Wz'^^c, but they're tax free and that "I was ten feet from the plate when is a major inducement to many an investor. I saw the batter swinging that bat right at • Industrial, rail and utility bonds: All are over the 61,4 '^r mark. my head instead of bunting," Aaron told • Banks and savings & loan associations: Savings banks and savings & me this spring. "I think my heart stopped. loan associations pay about 5%, compounded quarterly (sometimes moi-e I slid and the bat missed the ball by half often); commercial banks pay 4%, compounded quarterly or semi-annually. an inch and my head by an inch. The Certificates of deposit are in the 5% and up range. catcher was so surprised he watched me • Common stocks: The yield on the industrials is relatively low (a bit slide across the plate with the winning over 3%). But remember that stock appreciation can be taxed at the lower run." capital-gains rate and tax losses are deductible. Traditionally, stocks are re- The players who get the most signs are garded as inflation hedges. the pitchers, who receive one from the catcher before each pitch. "Most pitch- Among the new products now coming on the market, note the: ers like simple signs," said Red Sox • HOME COPIER: Now that ofHce-equipment makers firmly have catcher Elston Howard. "They have so planted adding machines and typewriters in homes, they're trying to pro- much to concentrate on, they don't like mote home copying machines. The first is a dry-copier (needs no liquids to memorize a lot of signs. Catchers, or chemicals) that will make 8 x 10-inch reproductions of papers, docu- though, like to keep the signs as compli- ments, book pages, etc., for about 2<* apiece. Called "Copymate," it sells cated as possible because they don't want for about $29.95 and is scheduled for nationwide distribution on a market- base runners to steal them." by-market basis. Incidentally, small businessmen—who can't afford big, Rookie pitchers usually are given very

expensive machines—also ai-e among the early customers. simple signs. "They're wild enough as it —By Edgar A. Grunwald is," one catcher told me, "without get- ting them nervous with a lot of signs." 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 When Paul "Daffy" Dean first joined the the 1930's, catcher rSSHOPPER Cardinals in Mike Ryba told him he'd keep the signs very simple: one finger for a fastball, two for a curve, three for a change of pace. Dean nodded. In the first inning Ryba called for a fast ball. The pitch fluttered weakly toward home plate and the batter smacked it into left field for a single. Ryba gave the sign for a curve. That, too, arched softly toward the plate and the hitter whacked a double. the third out. In the Finally Daffy got TITANIA, man-made gems that rival the SUNKEN GARDEN POOL. Watertight; one dugout Ryba took Dean aside. "What's brilliance of diamonds, at $12 per carat, piece of aqua-colored Polypropolen. Easily in 14-carat gold solitaire setting, $29; installed. 3'5" x 2'5"; 8" deep at ground the matter, Paul?" said Ryba. "You man's ring, $37. No federal tax. Titania level. Recessed pot holds 1 to 3 lily bulbs. jewels can be cut to fit your own jewelry. complete; 2 for $7.65. (COD pstge. seemed faster when you warmed up." $3.98 Write for free ring size chart, color cata- extra; cash orders add 500.) Free lily bulb "Give me the sign for that two-finger log. Regent Lapidary Co., Dept. ALP-6, 511 with each pool. Michigan Bulb Co., Dept. E. 12th St., New York, N.Y. 10009. BP-1403, Grand Rapids, Mich. 49502. ball more often," said Paul. "I can't get any speed on the pitch when I throw it with one finger." "Sit down, Paul," said Ryba, "and let me tell you about signs." The great Yankee pitcher, Lefty Go- mez, knew all about signs but in one game he didn't want to take one. The bases were loaded with no one out. Slugger Jimmy Foxx was at bat for the Red Sox. Gomez kept shaking off catcher REVIVE OLD BOOTS. World-famous Vibram READING GLASSES. Magnifying lenses aid Bill Dickey's signs. soles, heels with amazing traction for long those over 40 who have difficulty reading Finally Dickey ran out to the mound. and rugged wear, now available by mail; and doing close work. Not Rx; not for can be fitted, secured by any good shoe re- astigmatism or eye disease. Stylish amber "What's the matter. Lefty?" growled pairman. Send traced outline of sole to be eyeglass frames; 10-day home trial. To replaced. $4.50 ppd. per pr. Send for free order send name, address, age, sex, $4 a Dickey. "You keep shaking off all my booklet: Vibram Sales Co., 381 School St., pair, ppd. Precision Optical Co., Dept. AL- signs. You got to throw something." North Brookfield, Mass. 01535. 6, Rochelle, III. 61068. "Let's wait a little longer," said Lefty. "Maybe Foxx will get a long-distance HEAVY DUTY-ARC WELDER $ .95 phone call." 5 YEAR GUARANTEE ONLY 18 In baseball today these signs are grow- 19G8 Arc Welder, works on 110 volt house line. No experience- necessary. Braze* solder, cut or weld any metal up to ^i" thick. Generates up to 10.000 degrees of ing in importance as pennant races ,^ heat. Nothine else to buy, complete with 12 ft. heavy duty power cable, 1/16" and T; Vn " welding and brazing rods, helmet and instructions. Order on 10 day money back draw tighter. New rules for getting ~ trial. Five year repair or replacement guarantee. Send $3.00 pay $15.95 plus zL C.O.D. and postage when delivered, or send S18.95 and we pay postage. Over young players have sunk one-time pow- 500,000 now in use. Direct from factory. AMERICAN WELDERS, Inc. Do Not confuse this new Improved welder with other units selling for ers like the Yankees and Dodgers to the Dept. L, Osage Beach, Mo. 65065 less. This is an American made, heavy duty, deluxe model. level of other teams. In 1967, three teams scrambled down to the final day This section is presented as a ser- of the American League season only a STAMP game apart. This year, any one of six vice to readers and advertisers. All teams could win the National League products are sold with a money- Grab Bag pennant. Any one of six could win in 10^ the American League. back guarantee. When ordering, only "With all the teams so closely Giant grab bag of over please allow bunched," says Cub manager Leo Du- a reasonable amount 100 unassorted foreign stamps! Africa, Asia, rocher, "a team that gets the most out Europe, Soutti Seas, etc. of time for handling and shipping. Plus illustrated catalog of its signs has an edge. That edge can of stamps and collector's supplies. Also selec- win you a half-dozen games in a season, Be sure to include Zip Code num- tions of fine stamps from our approval service returnable without obligation. Send your name and a difference of six games in today's and address and lO^ now to: LITTLETON ber along with your address. STAMP COMPANY, DEPT. GB-13. Littleton. pennant races can be the difference be- New Hampshire 03561 tween finishing first and finishing fourth." THE END NOW! Improved and Patented are YOU unlucky? THE GIRL Whose dreams never come true RUPTURE-EASER' THE MAN success passes by (A Truss) I mm NOW YOU CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT!

! No laces — instant This age-old symbol of Irish luck 4 pull-strap adjustment -the LUCKY LEPRECHAUN-cast in the original good luck mould No Fitting Required from gleaming solid silver or gold, can now be YOURS. Test Right or $4.95 Pat No / Left Side his magnetic power under our 2606551 Double . . $6.95 money-back guarantee. Airmailed I I to you overnight from Ireland Strong, form-fitting washable sup- with complete free history and port for reducible inguinal hernia. Snaps up in guarantee. The authentic front. Soft, flat groin pad. No steel or leather Send now only $3.00 for bands. Unexcelled for comfort. Also used as Silver- $10 for 9kt Gold- LUCKY LEPRECHAUN after operation support. For men, women, chil- $15 for 14kt Gold (No from Ireland dren. Send measure around the lowest part of COD'S) to: ... abdomen and state right, left side or double. Silvercrait Ltd. Add 35c! postage. PIPER BRACE CO., Dept. 20A Albert Walk, BRAY, IREUND AL-68 •811 Wyandotte • Kansas City, Mo. 64105 THE AM ERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 55 r \

BRACED FOR ACTION Each time I see big shining braces PARTING SHOTS Glitter forth from youthful faces, I know the family finances Are now in straightened circumstances. Jean B. Chisholm

NEW DEFINITION Air pollution: A grime against society. Herm Albright

BAD TIME There's a clock in our town hall steeple That's committed the unpardonable crime, For years it's fooled all of the people, And not some but all of the time. Bill Kelly

CASH DILEMMA

Starting from scratch is difficult, but starting without it is impossible. Jack Herbert

THE CHOSEN ONE When my kinfolk have a wedding Or a party for our horde My brother gets invited, But I'm usually ignored. This doesn't mean we're foes or That our family has rifts; It's just that I am stingy While my brother gives big gifts. Lester A. Sobel "As soon as you arrive at your mother's, call me, so I'll know I'm safe."

THE AMKIllCAN ],E(ilON MAGAZINE POINT OF VIEW Mouth: The grocer's friend, the orator's pride, the fool's trap, and the dentist's salvation. "MOTHER'S INGENUITY" Thomas LaMance Surprised to sec his teen-aged son busy at mowing and raking the lawn, the puzzled father went to his wife for an explanation of the miracle. THE GREAT BEYOND "Well, I tried everything under the sun to get him to do it last week but It's nice when I can make ends meet. nothing worked." Then, she added triumphantly, "Today ... I just told And beat inflation's rap. him that I lost the car keys in the grass." But, golly, wouldn't it be neat

Lucille J. Goodyear To have an overlap? S. S. BlDDLE SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT Through the use of a Time Machine that earthlings know nothing about, a man from the year 2000 landed on Earth and got to talking with a 1968 man. "Are you really from the year 2000?" the present-day fellow asked. Mr. 2000 assured him he was. "Well, we're about to send some test flights to the moon to see if a man can go there and then come back," said the Earthling. "Maybe by the year 2000 we can have it perfected so that men can go to the moon and then get back to Earth safely." "In the year 2000?" said the visitor. "Earth? What earth?" Dan Bennett

THAT DEFLATED FEELING

It was a delightful fall day and the four coeds skipped morning classes to go for a drive. After lunch, they reported to a teacher that their car had had a flat tire on the way to school that morning. Much to their relief, she smiled understandingly and said, "Girls, you missed a test thi: morning. Please take scats apart from one another and get out some notepaper." When the girls were settled, and waiting expectantly, the teacher con- tinued, "No talking, please. write the answer to this question: 'Which Now thing in a different " "Do you have the same tire was flat?' odor?" Herm Albright THE AMERICAi

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JUNE 1968 World's first . . . and introduced first by Alexander Sales! Amazing new water sprinkler. Set just once, and then it automatically waters every inch of your lawn and garden without missing a sin gle blade of grass, waters every flower in your garden . . . every tree and shrub no matter how your lawn or is garden . shaped. Yet . . it never wastes a drop of water on steps, sidewalks, patios, or even lawn furniture.

THIS IS THE SPRINKLER WITH A BRAIN that takes all of the work and guessing out of watering your lawn and garden . . . and does a better job than a full time gardener. Look what it will do for you: You can have a lawn that is thick, lush and green every day of the regardless year of how hot or dry it is. Your flowers will blossom bigger and more often. Your frees and shrubs will have new vitality. Your fruit trees will bear bigger and juicier fruit. YOUR LAWN AND GARDEN WILL BE THE ENVY OF YOUR FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS You will be proud of your gorgeous lawn and garden. Everyone will wonder what your secret to success is . . . yet you will spend less time, less effort and less money than ever before on your lawn maintenance. This is all possible with our PROGRAMMED COMPUTER LAWN SPRINKLER, the sprinkler with a brain, because the secret to a beautiful lawn is proper sprinkling. All the chemicals, seeds and mowers in the world won't help if you don't water properly.

SCIENCE HAS INVENTED A NEW TYPE OF TRY IT YOURSELF FOR ONE FULL MONTH LAWN SPRINKLER THAT WILL GIVE YOU THE WITHOUT RISKING A PENNY FINEST LAWN AND GARDEN YOU HAVE EVER HAD You have nothing to lose. Try this amazing new sprinkler for one full month. If it doesn't You program your sprinkler much like a computer is pro- do everything we say it will . . . and grammed so that your lawn and garden are perfectly watered. even more, return it for a full refund. It takes just a few minutes to set the program . . . it's easy to do. COMPUTER PROGRAMMED SPRINKLER SET IT IN JUST MINUTES. . . FORGET IT Heavy duty construction COMPLETELY built to last for years by one of AUTOMATIC America's leading manufacturers of sprinklers for golf courses. It even turns itself off when it is done! The sprinkler with a One year guarantee. brain! Put the sprinkler in the middle of your lawn. Follow the simple instructions and set the 16 black knobs on top of $19.95 plus $1.00 pp. & hd. the sprinkler. Just adjusting the knobs sets the amazing "computer brain" mechanism inside this 10" round sprinkler. ALEXANDER SALES CORP., 4 East 46th st, N.Y., n.y. 10017 This almost unbelievable mechanism rotates the three gear driven nozzles concealed inside the sprinkler so they water NO RISK COUPON the exact area you have programmed ... or even skip a spot ALEXANDER SALES CORP., Dept. al-6 like your steps or lawn furniture. Up and back nozzles jet 4 East 46th Street, New York, New York 10017 out the water accurately to reach every spot with the water low and hugging the ground. After the sprinkler has com- pletely watered your lawn and garden for you IT SHUTS Please send me_ .Sprinklers at $19.95 each plus $1.00 ITSELF OFF! pp. and handling. I understand that I may try this for one THE SPRINKLER ITSELF NEVER MOVES full month and if not completely satisfied return for a ful refund. Just the three hidden nozzles rotate within it. Best yet . . . you don't have to lift a finger ... it sprinkles a vast area Pay't Enclosed reaching out as far as 40 ft. on each side ... so it will auto- Charge Diner's Club Acc't #__ matically cover a 80 ft. lot. Saturates up to 5,000 sq. ft. of Charge Amer. Ex. , #__ any possible shape. Nc READ WHAT A USER SAID ". truly Address . . amazing! This is the ultimate in lawn sprinklers. What more can anyone ever expect a sprinkler to do?" —Mr. S. Stikman City State -Zip 1

a Camel cigarette. This message is strictly for smokers who've never tasted Camel smokers, you know what we mean. You other guys, start walking. Winston-Salem, N.C. © 1968 R. J. ReynoldsTobacco Company,