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Alla Kushnir (11.08.1941 Moskva – 02.08.2013 Tel Aviv)

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Alla Kushnir (11.08.1941 Moskva – 02.08.2013 Tel Aviv) Jan Kalendovský Alla Kushnir (11.08.1941 Moskva – 02.08.2013 Tel Aviv) 2. srpna zem řela v Izraeli známá v ědkyn ě – profesorka archeologie Alla Kushnir . Nám šachist ům je ovšem známa jako trojnásobná ú častnice zápas ů o mistrovství sv ěta žen. V letech 1966, 1969 a 1972 je hrála proti Gruzínce Non ě Gaprindašviliové a vždy odešla poražena. První dva zápasy rozhodovala česká šachistka Nina Hrušková-Bělská. Ovšem dostat se k zápasu o mistrovství sv ěta znamenalo již tehdy nutnost zvít ězit v turnaji kandidátek a pozd ěji v zápasech kandidátek mistrovství sv ěta. To Alla, roda čka z Moskvy, dokázala. Titul p řebornice SSSR získala v roce 1970. V roce 1973 emigrovala do Izraele. Hrála na 3 ženských šachových olympiádách (2x za SSSR, nakonec za Izrael). V roce 1975 se zú častnila slavného turnaje v americkém Lone Pine. V prvním kole porazila velmistra Larryho Evanse a v kone čném ú čtování (p řemohla ješt ě jednoho velmistra – Ma ďara Bileka) se ukázalo, že jako první žena na sv ěte splnila normu pro ud ělení mužského titulu mezinárodní mistr. V roce 1978 šachovou kariéru ukon čila, v ěnovala se studiu na vysoké škole a stala se nakonec profesorkou archeologie. S našimi šachistkami má p řesv ědčivé skóre proti Jan ě Malypetrové, kterou porazila čty řikrát (vlastn ě 5x – když hrála Jana již za Anglii pod jménem Bellin). S Kv ětou Eretovou získala 2 ze 3 (+1 =2). Kushnir,Alla - Eretová,Kv ěta [A35] Candidates Tournament (Women) Sukhumi (2), 09.09.1964 1.Jf3 Jf6 2.g3 g6 3.Sg2 Sg7 4.c4 c5 5.d4 0–0 6.0–0 cxd4 7.Jxd4 Jc6 8.Jc2 d6 9.Jc3 Sd7 10.b3 Da5 11.Jd5 Sf5 12.Sd2 Dd8 13.Vc1 Dd7 14.Ve1 Vfd8 15.e4 Sh3 16.Sh1 Vac8 17.Sg5 Jg4 18.Jf4 Jge5 19.Jxh3 Dxh3 20.Sg2 De6 21.De2 h6 22.Se3 Jd7 23.f4 Jf6 24.Df3 Dg4 25.Vcd1 Dxf3 26.Sxf3 b6 27.Sf2 Je8 28.Kg2 Ja5 29.Je3 e6 30.Ve2 Jc6 31.Ved2 Sc3 32.Vd3 Sg7 33.g4 g5 34.f5 Je5 35.V3d2 Jxf3 36.Kxf3 Se5 37.Sg3 Sxg3 38.Kxg3 Vc6 39.e5 Kf8 40.b4 a6 41.h4 Vdc8 42.fxe6 fxe6 43.Vf1+ Kg7 44.a4 gxh4+ 45.Kxh4 dxe5 46.Vg2 Jd6 47.g5 Jf5+ 48.Jxf5+ exf5 49.Vxf5 Kg6 50.Vxe5 Vxc4+ 51.Kh3 V8c6 52.b5 Vd6 53.gxh6+ Kxh6 54.Ve8 Vd3+ 55.Kh2 Vh4+ 56.Kg1 Vd1+ 57.Kf2 Vd2+ 58.Kg3 Vxg2+ 59.Kxh4 axb5 60.axb5 Vg6 61.Ve7 Vd6 62.Vc7 Kg6 63.Vc6 Vf6 64.Kg4 Kf7 65.Vxf6+ Kxf6 66.Kf4 Ke6 67.Ke4 Kd6 68.Kd4 1/2 Malypetrová,Jana - Kushnir,Alla [A00] Praha-Moskva mt Praha (2), 10.12.1966 0–1 Kushnir,Alla - Eretová,Kv ěta [A49] Praha-Moskva mt Praha (1), 08.12.1966 1.d4 Jf6 2.Jf3 g6 3.g3 c5 4.Sg2 Sg7 5.0–0 cxd4 6.Jxd4 Jc6 7.Jxc6 bxc6 8.c4 0–0 9.Jc3 Vb8 10.b3 d5 11.Sf4 Vb7 12.cxd5 Jxd5 13.Jxd5 cxd5 14.Vc1 e5 15.Se3 Se6 16.Vc5 Vd7 17.Dd2 d4 18.Sg5 f6 19.Sh6 Vc7 20.Vxc7 Dxc7 21.Sxg7 Kxg7 22.Vc1 De7 23.Da5 Vc8 24.Vxc8 Sxc8 25.h4 Se6 26.Sd5 Sxd5 27.Dxd5 f5 28.a4 Kf6 29.a5 Db4 30.Kg2 e4 31.a6 Dd2 32.Dd6+ Kf7 33.Dd7+ Kf6 34.Dxa7 d3 35.Dd4+ Ke6 36.a7 Da5 37.b4 Da2 38.Db6+ Ke5 39.Dc5+ Ke6 40.Dc6+ Ke5 41.a8D 1–0 Kushnir,Alla - Malypetrová,Jana [A56] Moskva-Praha mt (2), 1968 1.d4 Jf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e5 4.Jc3 d6 5.e4 Se7 6.g3 b5 7.cxb5 a6 8.b6 Dxb6 9.Jf3 0–0 10.Sg2 Jbd7 11.0–0 Je8 12.Jd2 f5 13.exf5 Vxf5 14.a4 a5 15.Jb5 Dd8 16.Sh3 Vf8 17.Jc4 Jb6 18.Sxc8 Jxc8 19.Sd2 Sg5 20.f4 exf4 21.gxf4 Sh6 22.De1 Vf6 23.Sc3 Vf8 24.De6+ Vf7 25.Sxa5 Dd7 26.f5 Kf8 27.Se1 Dd8 28.De4 Jf6 29.Df3 Ve7 30.Sg3 Ve4 31.b3 Kg8 32.Vfe1 Vxe1+ 33.Vxe1 Je7 34.Ve6 Va6 35.Jbxd6 Jexd5 36.Ve8+ Jxe8 37.Dxd5+ 1–0 Malypetrová,Jana - Kushnir,Alla [D36] Moskva-Praha mt (1), 1968 1.d4 Jf6 2.c4 e6 3.Jc3 d5 4.Sg5 Se7 5.e3 0–0 6.Jf3 Jbd7 7.Dc2 a6 8.cxd5 exd5 9.Sd3 Ve8 10.0–0 Jf8 11.Vab1 c6 12.b4 Jg6 13.a4 Sd6 14.Sf5 h6 15.Sxf6 Dxf6 16.Sxc8 Vaxc8 17.Dd3 Ve6 18.Vfc1 Vce8 19.Dc2 Jh4 20.Jxh4 Dxh4 21.g3 Dh3 22.Dd3 h5 23.Df1 Df5 24.b5 axb5 25.axb5 h4 26.Ja4 hxg3 27.hxg3 Vg6 28.Vc3 Sxg3 29.fxg3 Vxg3+ 30.Kh2 Dg4 0–1 Kushnir,Alla - Malypetrová,Jana [E69] Lublin ol women (8), 09.1969 1.Jf3 Jf6 2.c4 g6 3.g3 Sg7 4.Sg2 d6 5.d4 0–0 6.0–0 Jbd7 7.Jc3 c6 8.e4 e5 9.h3 Da5 10.Ve1 Ve8 11.d5 c5? (To je p říčina dalších obtížíi černého. M ělo se hrát 11...cxd5 12.cxd5 b5! s rovnými šancemi) 12.a3! (Když z ůstalo centrum zablokované - možno p řejít k akcím na křídlech. Bílý je k tomu p řipraven lépe vzhledem na chybu černého v 11. tahu) 12...a6 13.Sd2 Dd8 14.b4 b6 (Černý je stísn ěn a p řinucen k obran ě) 15.Sf1 Jh5 (Černý p řipravuje f7- f5) 16.Dc2 Sf6 17.Se3 Se7 18.Vab1 Vf8 19.Sh6 Jg7 20.Dd2 f5 (Po tomto tahu je černý nucen vzdát se svého černopolného st řelce. Možná že v úvahu p řicházel jiný plán, totiž: f6, Vf7, Jf8, g5 atd.) 21.Jg5 Sxg5 22.Sxg5 De8 23.bxc5 bxc5 24.Sg2 Df7 25.f4! Jh5 26.Kh2 XIIIIIIIIY 9++-+0 9+-+++0 9+--++0 9+-0 9-++-+0 9--+-0 9-+-Q-+0 9++--+-0 xiiiiiiiiy 26...Dg7 (To dovoluje bílému provést "malou" kombinaci. Ale po: 26...exf4 27.gxf4 fxe4 28.Jxe4 Jxf4 29.Sxf4 Dxf4+ 30.Dxf4 Vxf4 31.Jxd6 nelze koncovku černého ubránit)] 27.exf5 gxf5 28.Sf3! (Nejprve je t řeba zlikvidovat tlak černého na bod g3) 28...Jhf6 29.fxe5 Jxe5 (Jestli 29...dxe5 tak 30.Sh6) 30.Vxe5! dxe5 31.Sh6 Df7 32.Sxf8 Kxf8 (Na 32...Dxf8 by bylo velmi silné 33.Vb6! s hrozbou 34.Dg5+) 33.De3! Jd7 34.Dh6+ Kg8 35.Dc6 (Szachy 1969, 364) 1–0 Eretová,Kv ěta - Kushnir,Alla [C62] Moskva Women, 1971 1.e4 e5 2.Jf3 Jc6 3.Sb5 d6 4.d4 exd4 5.Jxd4 Sd7 6.Jc3 g6 7.Se3 Sg7 8.Sxc6 bxc6 9.Dd2 Db8 10.b3 c5 11.Jde2 Sc6 12.Vd1 Db7 13.0–0 Je7 14.Sg5 h6 15.Sxe7 Kxe7 16.Jd5+ Sxd5 17.Dxd5 Dxd5 18.exd5 a partie skon čila remízou. Archiv K. Eretová. 1/2 (Alla Kushnir – Piaf?!) (V jednom nekrologu se psalo, že vzhledem p řipomínala Alla Kušnirová Edith Piaf. Z několika jejích fotografií na internetu se zdá, že je to výstižné... viz výše) Další ukázky hry Ally Kušnirové z mé databáze: Kushnir,Alla - Borisenko,Valentina [A26] Suchumi TK Women (9), 10.1964 1.g3 g6 2.Sg2 Sg7 3.c4 e5 4.Jc3 d6 5.d3 Jc6 6.Sd2 f5 7.Jd5 Jf6 8.Vc1 Jd4 9.b4 c6 10.Jxf6+ Dxf6 11.e3 Je6 12.Je2 0–0 13.0–0 g5 14.f4 exf4 15.exf4 g4 16.Sc3 Dd8 17.Sxg7 Jxg7 18.Vf2 Db6 19.Db3 Se6 20.d4 Vae8 21.Dc3 Sf7 22.a4 d5 23.c5 Dd8 XIIIIIIIIY 9-+-+0 9+-+0 9-++-+-+0 9+-++-0 9--+0 9+-Q-+--0 9-+-+0 9+--+--0 xiiiiiiiiy 24.Vd1 (Kushnir osvobozuje pole c1 pro to, aby provedla manévr Je2-c1–d3-e5, černý odpovídá rovn ěž p řevodem svého jezdce na centrální pole e4, ale bílý je schopen tohoto jezdce vym ěnit za st řelce - ŠM) 24...Jh5 25.Jc1 Jf6 26.Jd3 Je4 27.Sxe4 dxe4 28.Je5 Sd5 29.b5 (Bílý se snaží otev řít sloupce na dámském k řídle proto, aby vtrhl svými t ěžkými figurami do tábora černého - ŠM) 29...Kg7 30.Vb1 Ve7 31.bxc6 bxc6 32.Vfb2 Dc7 33.a5 h5 34.a6 Kf6 35.Vb7 (P řipravený plán je uskute čněn - ŠM) 35...Dd8 36.Vxe7 Dxe7 37.Vb7 De8 38.Jd7+ Kg6 39.Jxf8+ Dxf8 40.Da5 De8 41.Dc7 Sf7 42.Vxa7 (Jugoslavenski šahovski glasnik 11–12/1964, p. 232) (Glosy - Šachmaty v SSSR 12/1964, str. 3) 1–0 Ranniku,Maaja - Kushnir,Alla [A02] Suchumi TK Women (7), 14.09.1964 1.f4 e6 2.Jf3 f5 3.d3 Jf6 4.Jc3 d5 5.e3 c5 6.g3 Se7 7.Sg2 0–0 8.0–0 Jc6 9.Je5 Sd7 10.Jxd7 (M ěnit centralizovaného jezdce za st řelce se nem ělo, ale Maaja bezvýhradn ě v ěř í v sílu dvou st řelc ů) 10...Dxd7 11.e4 dxe4 (Promyšlenou hrou v zahájení získal černý výte čnou pozici, ale otevírat hru nebylo nutné. Černý vkládá své nad ěje v jezdce) 12.dxe4 Dd4+ 13.Kh1 Dxd1 14.Vxd1 Jg4 (Nastupuje královský k ůň ) 15.Vd7! Vad8 16.Vxb7 Vfe8 17.h3 Jf2+ 18.Kg1 Jd1 19.exf5 (To už je riskantní.
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