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Demographic Characteristics of Mirik Municipality with Reference to 2001 & 2011 Census Data

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Demographic Characteristics of Mirik Municipality with Reference to 2001 & 2011 Census Data International Journal of Research in Geography (IJRG) Volume 4, Issue 1, 2018, PP 50-66 ISSN 2454-8685 (Online) http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-8685.0401008 www.arcjournals.org Demographic Characteristics of Mirik Municipality with Reference to 2001 & 2011 Census Data Ershad Ali* *Corresponding Author: Ershad Ali, Guest Lecturer, Department of Geography, Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India Abstract: In the Mirik Municipality, there lies a demographical spatial variation in the distribution, density, composition, sex-ratio, literacy rate, and the growth of population which has a direct impact on the utilization of resources and the development of the town. The distribution pattern, density, composition, growth rate and migration therefore adds important attributes to the demography of Mirik Municipality and is controlled by physical, cultural, political and socio-economic factors. However, due to rapid growth of population, urbanization, and tourist activities, the Mirik municipality is getting stressed with its carrying capacity. Thus, the paper has an attempt to study the demographical status of the Mirik Municipality highlighting its present situation. Keywords: Mirik, Demography, Effective Literacy rate, Population Density, Urban Slum. 1. INTRODUCTION The word Demography is derived from two Greek words “demo” meaning population and “graphy” meaning study. Hence, the study of population is termed as “Demography”. The word Demography was first used by French writer Achille Guillard in 1855. But the father of Demography is John Graunt. Demography is of recent systematic study of development like the science of sociology. According to D.J Bougue “Demography is a statistical and mathematical study of the size, composition, spatial distribution of human population and of changes overtime in these aspects through the operation of the five processes of fertility, mortality, marriage, migration, and social mobility. According to U.N Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, it is the scientific study of the human development. 2. OBJECTIVES Objectives behind the field study are: To study the demographic characteristics of Mirik Municipality. To find out the different problems related to the demographic characteristics of the Mirik Municipality. 3. STUDY AREA The name Mirik comes from the Lepcha words Mir-Yok meaning "place burnt by fire". Mirik Municipality with agreement between Sate Govt. and Private Tea Company this Municipality was agglomerated, consisting of 9 wards. Mirik Municipality is situated on the Kurseong Sub-division of Darjeeling District in the hilly area of Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas. Geographically, it is located from 26°54’N to 26°57’N and from 88°10’E to 88°13’E. 4. DATA BASE & METHODOLOGY In order to study the demographic characteristics of the study area, the methodology adopted by the present investigator is a rationalistic one comprising of the details outlined as follows:- The demographic information regarding growth of population, age-sex composition, population density, male-female distribution etc samples have been collected from different primary and International Journal of Research in Geography (IJRG) Page | 50 Demographic Characteristics of Mirik Municipality with Reference to 2001 & 2011 Census Data secondary sources. The data has been analyzed by using different statistical and mathematical formulas and also by interpreting the primary and secondary data like- Number of Literate persons aged 7 and above ELR = ∗ 100; Mean etc. Diagrams have been prepared on Population aged 7 and above Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and maps on GIS software like Global Mapper and MapInfo software. Source: Mirik Municipality 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The following demographical characteristics are noticed in Mirik Municipality through the Census of 2001 & 2011. 5.1. Growth of Population According to 2011 census, the Mirik Municipality has a population of 11513(out of this 5688 were male and 5825 were female) which was 9112 in 2001 census. Therefore, the growth rate of population is (+) 20.85%. If we look at the ward-wise decadal growth of the Mirik Municipality then we will find that except ward 2, every ward (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) has a trend of positive growth rate between the year of 2001 and 2011. Only ward no. 2 shows a negative growth rate. International Journal of Research in Geography (IJRG) Page | 51 Demographic Characteristics of Mirik Municipality with Reference to 2001 & 2011 Census Data Table1: ward-wise decadal growth rate of population in Mirik Municipality, 2001 & 2011 Ward Number Population in 2001 Population in 2011 Decadal Growth rate in % 1 831 1113 25.34 2 1414 1247 -13.39 3 1421 1516 6.27 4 772 1096 29.56 5 591 857 31.04 6 720 982 26.68 7 1032 1319 21.76 8 1270 1856 31.57 9 1090 1176 7.31 Source: Census of 2001 & 2011 If we look at the ward-wise decadal growth rate of Mirik Municipality, then we will find that ward number 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 has a positive growth rate. The highest growth rate of population is found in ward number 8 (31.57%), followed by ward number 5 (31.04%), 4 (29.56%), 6 (26.68%), 1 (25.34%), 7 (21.76%), 9 (7.31%), (6.27%). Besides this, a negative growth rate of population is found in ward number 2(-13.39%). From a primary sample survey, it is found that mainly due to out- migration the population of ward number 2 is declining. 5.2. Population Density Density of population is a better measure of understanding the variation in the distribution of population. It is expressed as number of persons per unit area. According to 2001 census, the population density of Mirik Municipality was 1862 persons/sq.km which rises to 2154 persons/sq.km in 2011 i.e. 292 persons were added in one decade for all wards. In case of plain area town that kind of density is taken into consideration as low density but due to its hilly location, this density come under moderate terms. Though all wards are moderately densed but in my discussion I have divided International Journal of Research in Geography (IJRG) Page | 52 Demographic Characteristics of Mirik Municipality with Reference to 2001 & 2011 Census Data the Municipal area into 4 density zones (according to the population density classification of R.C.Chandana). These are High density zone, Moderate density zone, Low density zone and Very low density zone. Very High Density Zone (>2000 persons/sq.km): In 2001, only 1 ward belonged to this category, i.e., ward number 2 with 5860 persons/sq.km. High Density Zone (1500-2000 persons/sq.km): 3 wards belonged to this category, i.e., ward number 1(1955 persons/sq.km), 9 (1887 persons/sq.km) and 8 (1726 persons/sq.km). Moderate Density Zone (1000-1500 persons/sq.km): 3 wards belonged to this category, i.e., ward number 5 (1326 persons/sq.km), 4 (1075 persons/sq.km) and 3 (1072 persons/sq.km). Low Density Zone (<1000 persons/sq.km): 2 wards belonged to this category. Those were 6 (977 persons/sq.km) and 7 (876 persons/sq.km). Table2: Ward-Wise Population Density of Mirik Municipality in 2001 & 2011 Population in Density in 2001 Population in Density in 2011 Ward No. Area (km2) 2001 (per km2) 2011 (per km2) 1 0.43 831 1955 1113 2619 2 0.24 1414 5860 1247 5166 3 1.33 1421 1072 1516 1144 4 0.72 772 1075 1096 1527 5 0.45 591 1326 857 1922 6 0.74 720 977 982 1333 7 1.18 1032 876 1319 1120 8 0.74 1270 1726 1856 2522 9 0.58 1090 1887 1176 2036 Source: Census of 2001 and 2011 5.2.1. Density Distribution in 2011 In 2011 population densities, it was again classified into 4 categories (according to the population density classification of R.C.Chandana). These are High density zone, Moderate density zone, Low density zone and Very low density zone. Very High Density Zone (>2500 persons/sq.km): In 2011, 3 wards belong to this category. These are ward number 2 (5166 persons/sq.km), 1 (2619 persons/sq.km) and 8 (2522 persons/sq.km). High Density Zone (2000-2500 persons/sq.km): Only one ward belongs to this category that is ward number 9 (2036persons/sq.km). Moderate Density Zone (1500-2000 persons/sq.km): Here 2 wards come in this category. Those are ward number 5 (1922 persons/sq.km) and 4 (1527 persons/sq.km). Low Density Zone (<1500 persons/sq.km): 3 wards belong to this category, i.e., ward number 6 (1333 persons/sq.km), 3 (1144 persons/sq.km) and 7 (1120 persons/sq.km). 5.2.2. Variation of Density and its Reason in Different wards With the help of 2001 and 2011 census I had divided the whole Municipality wards into 4 density zones. In 2001, only 1 ward had very high density (ward 2) but in 2011 the number of wards increased under this category also with a hike in the density. The wards are 2, 1 and 8. This is very high density area because this area is more homogeneous than other part of the respective area and also having a commercial market. So this portion is more congested than other part. The second zone also consists of high density zone which comprises the ward number 9. This is purely residential area. 3rd zone includes the wards of 4 and 5. This zone is moderately dense because of medical facilities, playground, health, school and marketing accessibilities in this area. The last density zone comprises the area of ward number of 3, 6 and 7. This portion of the Municipality is more undulating area than any other part.
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