Indium-111/Technetium-99m 2055 Sodium iodide (131I) is given orally and by intravenous injection Oxygen-15 Profile 153 in studies of thyroid function, particularly in measurements of Oxígeno 15. Samarium-153, in the form of samarium ( Sm) lexidronam (sa- the uptake of iodine by the thyroid, and in thyroid scanning. It is marium (153Sm) EDTMP) is used for the palliative treatment of also used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and in the treat- CAS — 13982-43-9. painful bone metastases (p.660). It is given by intravenous injec- ment of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid. HALF-LIFE. 2 minutes. tion. Injections containing iobenguane (131I) (m-iodobenzylguanidine Profile ◊ References. 131 ( I)) may be used for the localisation and treatment of phaeo- Oxygen-15 is a positron-emitting radionuclide used in positron- 1. Sartor O, et al. Samarium-153-lexidronam complex for treat- chromocytoma (p.1179) and neuroblastoma (p.674). emission tomography (see Emissions from Radioisotopes, ment of painful bone metastases in hormone-refractory prostate Human albumin iodinated with iodine-131 is used in the deter- p.2052). It is used in the form of water (15O) and is given intra- cancer. Urology 2004; 63: 940–5. mination of the blood or plasma volume. venously to study cerebral and myocardial perfusion. Preparations Sodium iodohippurate (131I) is used intravenously for renal-func- Oxygen gas, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide have also USP 31: Samarium Sm 153 Lexidronam Injection. tion tests and for renal imaging. been labelled with oxygen-15. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 131 Austral.: Quadramet†; Cz.: Quadramet; Fr.: Quadramet†; Ital.: Quad- Rose bengal sodium ( I) has been given intravenously in tests Preparations ramet; Neth.: Quadramet; Port.: Quadramet; Spain: Quadramet; UK: of liver function. Ph. Eur.: Carbon Monoxide( O); Oxygen( O); Water( O) Injection; Quadramet; USA: Quadramet. Iodinated (131I) norcholesterol (6β-iodomethyl-19-norcholest- USP 31: Water O 15 Injection. 5(10)-en-3β-ol (131I)) has been used for adrenal scintigraphy by slow intravenous injection. Selenium-75 Various monoclonal antibodies labelled with iodine-131 are used Phosphorus-32 Selenio 75. for the detection of malignant neoplasms and some are used for 131 Fósforo 32. CAS — 14265-71-5. therapeutic purposes, such as iodine ( I) tositumomab for non- CAS — 14596-37-3. ATC — V09DX01 (selenium tauroselcholic acid (75Se)); Hodgkin’s lymphoma. ATC — V10AX01 (phosphorus chromic phosphate colloid V09XX03 (selenium norcholesterol (75Se)). Preparations (32P)); V10XX01 (sodium phosphate (32P)). ATC Vet — QV09DX01 (selenium tauroselcholic acid ATC Vet — QV10AX01 (phosphorus chromic phosphate (75Se)); QV09XX03 (selenium norcholesterol (75Se)). Ph. Eur.: Iobenguane( I) Injection for Diagnostic Use; Iobenguane( I) 32 32 Injection for Therapeutic Use; Iodinated( I) Norcholesterol Injection; So- colloid ( P)); QV10XX01 (sodium phosphate ( P)). HALF-LIFE. 118.5 days. dium Iodide( I) Capsules for Diagnostic Use; Sodium Iodide( I) Capsules HALF-LIFE. 14.3 days. for Therapeutic Use; Sodium Iodide( I) Solution; Sodium Iodide( I) So- Profile lution for Radiolabelling; Sodium Iodohippurate( I) Injection; Profile Selenium-75 in the form of tauroselcholic acid (75Se) USP 31: Iobenguane I 131 Injection; Iodinated I 131 Albumin Aggregated Phosphorus-32, given as sodium phosphate (32P), is used intrave- (75SeHCAT) is used orally in the measurement of bile acid ab- Injection; Iodinated I 131 Albumin Injection; Iodohippurate Sodium I 131 Injection; Rose Bengal Sodium I 131 Injection; Sodium Iodide I 131 Cap- nously in the treatment of polycythaemia vera (p.654). Phospho- sorption for the assessment of ileal function. sules; Sodium Iodide I 131 Solution. rus-32 is taken up by the rapidly proliferating haematopoietic Selenium-75 in the form of 6β-[(methyl[75Se]seleno)methyl]- cells sufficiently to reduce their reproduction. Sodium phosphate 19-norcholest-5(10)-en-3β-ol (selenonorcholestenol (75Se)) has Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 32 Cz.: Capsion; Curicap; Hippuran; Lipiocis†; Theracap; Neth.: Capsion; ( P) has also been used intravenously in the treatment of chronic been used intravenously in adrenal scintigraphy. Jobenguaan; MIBG; Theracap; Port.: Capsion; Curicap; Theracap; Spain: myeloid (p.653) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (p.653) and Preparations Curicap; UK: Capsion; Theracap; USA: Bexxar; Hicon; Iodotope. in the palliative treatment of bone metastases. 32 Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) Chromic phosphate ( P) is given intraperitoneally or intrapleu- Neth.: SeHCAT; UK: Scintadren. rally in the treatment of malignant effusions (p.659); it may also be given by interstitial injection for the treatment of ovarian Iron-59 (p.670) or prostatic carcinoma (p.671). Strontium-89 Hierro 59. Preparations CAS — 14596-12-4. Estroncio 89. Ph. Eur.: Sodium Phosphate( P) Injection; ATC — V09XX04 (ferric citrate (59Fe)). CAS — 14158-27-1. USP 31: Chromic Phosphate P 32 Suspension; Sodium Phosphate P 32 89 ATC Vet — QV09XX04 (ferric citrate (59Fe)). Solution. ATC — V10BX01 (strontium chloride ( Sr)). 89 (details are given in Part 3) ATC Vet — QV10BX01 (strontium chloride ( Sr)). HALF-LIFE. 44.6 days. Proprietary Preparations USA: Phosphocol. HALF-LIFE. 50.5 days. Profile Iron-59, in the form of ferrous citrate (59Fe) or ferric citrate Profile Strontium-89, in the form of strontium chloride (89Sr), is used for (59Fe), has been used by intravenous injection in the measure- the palliation of pain in patients with bone metastases (p.660); it ment of iron absorption and utilisation. Ferric chloride (59Fe) has Rhenium-186 is given intravenously. been given for the same purpose. Renio 186. CAS — 14998-63-1. ◊ References. ATC — V10AX05 (rhenium sulfide colloid (186Re)); 1. Robinson RG, et al. Strontium 89 therapy for the palliation of V10BX03 (rhenium etidronate (186Re)). pain due to osseous metastases. JAMA 1995; 274: 420–4. Krypton-81m ATC Vet — QV10AX05 (rhenium sulfide colloid (186Re)); Preparations QV10BX03 (rhenium etidronate (186Re)). Criptón 81m. Ph. Eur.: Strontium( Sr) Chloride Injection; CAS — 15678-91-8. HALF-LIFE. 90.6 hours. USP 31: Strontium Chloride Sr 89 Injection. ATC — V09EX01 (krypton gas (81mKr)). Profile Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 81m Austral.: Metastron; Austria: Metastron; Cz.: Metastron; Fr.: Metastron; ATC Vet — QV09EX01 (krypton gas ( Kr)). Rhenium-186 has been used in colloidal form for the treatment Ital.: Metastron; Neth.: Metastron; Port.: Metastron; Spain: Metastron; of arthritic joint conditions. Rhenium (186Re) etidronate is used UK: Metastron; USA: Metastron. HALF-LIFE. 13.1 seconds. for the palliation of painful bone metastases of prostate cancer. Profile Etidronate labelled with another isotope, rhenium-188, has also 81 Krypton-81m is a daughter of rubidium-81 ( Rb, half-life 4.58 been used. Monoclonal antibodies labelled with rhenium-186 Te c h n e t i u m - 9 9 m hours), and is prepared immediately before use by elution from a have been investigated for the treatment of various malignant ne- generator containing rubidium-81 adsorbed on a suitable ion-ex- oplasms. Tec nec io 9 9m. change column using air or oxygen as the eluent. Krypton-81m CAS — 14133-76-7 (technetium-99). Preparations 99m is used as a gas in lung ventilation studies. Such ventilation stud- ATC — V09AA01 (technetium exametazime ( Tc)); Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) V09AA02 (technetium bicisate (99mTc)); V09BA01 (tech- ies can be combined with lung perfusion studies to diagnose pul- 99m monary embolism. Cz.: Nanocis; RE-186-MM-1; Re-Bone. netium oxidronate ( Tc)); V09BA02 (technetium medro- nate (99mTc)); V09BA03 (technetium pyrophosphate Preparations (99mTc)); V09BA04 (technetium butedronate (99mTc)); V09CA01 (technetium pentetate (99mTc)); V09CA02 Ph. Eur.: Krypton( Kr) Inhalation Gas; Rubidium-82 99m USP 31: Krypton Kr 81m. (technetium succimer ( Tc)); V09CA03 (technetium mer- Rubidio 82. tiatide (99mTc)); V09CA04 (technetium gluceptate Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) CAS — 14391-63-0. (99mTc)); V09CA05 (technetium gluconate (99mTc)); Cz.: KryptoScan; Neth.: KryptoScan. V09DA01 (technetium disofenin (99mTc)); V09DA02 (tech- HALF-LIFE. 75 seconds. netium etifenin (99mTc)); V09DA03 (technetium lidofenin Profile (99mTc)); V09DA04 (technetium mebrofenin (99mTc)); Rubidium-82 is a positron-emitting radionuclide that is used in V09DA05 (technetium galtifenin (99mTc)); V09DB01 (tech- Nitrogen-13 99m positron-emission tomography (see Emissions from Radioiso- netium nanocolloid ( Tc)); V09DB02 (technetium micro- Nitrógeno 13. 82 colloid (99mTc)); V09DB03 (technetium millimicrospheres topes, p.2052). Rubidium chloride ( Rb) is given intravenously 99m 99m CAS — 13981-22-1. for cardiac imaging. ( Tc)); V09DB04 (technetium tin colloid ( Tc)); V09DB05 (technetium sulfur colloid (99mTc)); V09DB06 HALF-LIFE. 9.96 minutes. Preparations (technetium rhenium sulfide colloid (99mTc)); V09DB07 99m USP 31: Rubidium Chloride Rb 82 Injection. (technetium phytate ( Tc)); V09EA01 (technetium pen- Profile 99m 99m Nitrogen-13 is a positron-emitting radionuclide that is used in tetate ( Tc)); V09EA02 (technetium technegas ( Tc)); V09EA03 (technetium nanocolloid (99mTc)); V09EB01 positron-emission tomography (see Emissions from Radioiso- 99m 13 (technetium macrosalb ( Tc)); V09EB02 (technetium mi- topes, p.2052). In the form of ammonia ( N) it is given intrave- Samarium-153 crospheres (99mTc)); V09FX01 (technetium pertechnetate nously for imaging blood flow in organs such as the heart, brain, 99m 99m Samario 153. ( Tc)); V09GA01 (technetium sestamibi ( Tc)); and liver. Nitrogen gas (13N) may be used for pulmonary ventila- 99m CAS — 15766-00-4. V09GA02 (technetium tetrofosmin ( Tc)); V09GA03 tion studies. (technetium teboroxime (99mTc)); V09GA04 (technetium ATC — V10AX02 (samarium hydroxyapatite colloid 99m Preparations (153Sm)); V10BX02 (samarium lexidronam (153Sm)). human albumin ( Tc)); V09GA05 (technetium furifosmin (99mTc)); V09GA06 (technetium stannous agent labelled Ph. Eur.: Ammonia( N) Injection; ATC Vet — QV10AX02 (samarium hydroxyapatite colloid 99m 99m 153 153 cells ( Tc)); V09GA07 (technetium apcitide ( Tc)); USP 31: Ammonia N 13 Injection. ( Sm)); QV10BX02 (samarium lexidronam ( Sm)). V09HA01 (technetium human immunoglobulin (99mTc)); HALF-LIFE. 47 hours. V09HA02 (technetium exametazime labelled cells The symbol † denotes a preparation no longer actively marketed The symbol ⊗ denotes a substance whose use may be restricted in certain sports (see p.vii) 2056 Radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc)); V09HA03 (technetium antigranulocyte antibody legs. Technetium (99mTc) apcitide is a labelled peptide that binds DraxImage MDP; Drytec; Elumatic; LeukoScan; Maasol; Myoview; Ne- (99mTc)); V09HA04 (technetium sulesomab (99mTc)); to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor of activated platelets, and is oSpect; Neurolite; Osteocis; Osteosol†; Phytacis; Pulmocis; Pulmotec; Te- V09IA01 (technetium antiCEA antibody (99mTc)); V09IA02 also used for imaging of deep-vein thrombosis. ceos; TechneScan DMSA; TechneScan DTPA; TechneScan HDP; TechneS- (technetium antimelanoma antibody (99mTc)); V09IA03 can HSA; TechneScan LyoMAA; TechneScan MAG3; TechneScan PYP; When technetium-99m bound to human serum albumin is given Ultra TechneKow; UltraTag; Venticoll; Port.: Angiocis; Bridatec; Cardiolite; (technetium pentavalent succimer (99mTc)); V09IA04 intravenously it becomes evenly distributed in the circulation and Ceretec; Elumatic; LeukoScan; Macrotec; Mertioscan; Myoview; Nanocoll; (technetium votumumab (99mTc)); V09IA05 (technetium NeoSpect; Neurolite; Osteocis; Pentacis; Phytacis; Pulmotec; Renocis; Tech- depreotide (99mTc)); V09IA06 (technetium arcitumomab highly vascular organs or pools of blood may be readily located. neScan DTPA; TechneScan HDP; TechneScan MAG3; Ultra TechneKow (99mTc)). Such a preparation is used in the examination of the heart. FM; Spain: Cardiolite; CEA-Scan; Ceretec; Drytec; Macrotec; Myoview; Neospect; Neurolite; TechneScan HDP; TechneScan Lyomaa; TechneScan ATC Vet — QV09AA01 (technetium exametazime (99mTc)); Technetium-99m in the form of a colloid, such as albumin, sul- MAG3; UK: Amerscan DMSA; Amerscan Hepatate; Amerscan Medronate; QV09AA02 (technetium bicisate (99mTc)); QV09BA01 fur, antimony sulfide, or tin, is used intravenously for the exam- Amerscan Pentetate; Amerscan Pulmonate; Amerscan Stannous; Amertec; 99m ination of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. Sulfur colloid Angiocis; Cardiolite; CEA-Scan; Ceretec; Cholecis; Medrocis†; Myoview; (technetium oxidronate ( Tc)); QV09BA02 (technetium 99m medronate (99mTc)); QV09BA03 (technetium pyrophos- ( Tc) may be given orally for oesophageal and gastrointestinal Nanocoll; Osteocis; Pentacis; Pulmocis; Renocis; USA: AcuTect; Cardiolite; 99m CEA-Scan; Choletec; Miraluma; NeoTect; NeutroSpec†; TechneScan HDP. phate (99mTc)); QV09BA04 (technetium butedronate imaging. Albumin colloid ( Tc) may be given subcutaneously (99mTc)); QV09CA01 (technetium pentetate (99mTc)); for scanning of the lymphatic system. Colloidal rhenium sulfide QV09CA02 (technetium succimer (99mTc)); QV09CA03 (99mTc) has been used for sentinel lymph node detection in pa- (technetium mertiatide (99mTc)); QV09CA04 (technetium tients with malignancies. Thallium-201 gluceptate (99mTc)); QV09CA05 (technetium gluconate 99m 99m Technetium-99m complexes of iminodiacetic acid derivatives, Talio 201. ( Tc)); QV09DA01 (technetium disofenin ( Tc)); such as disofenin, etifenin, lidofenin, and mebrofenin are used QV09DA02 (technetium etifenin (99mTc)); QV09DA03 CAS — 15064-65-0. intravenously in the investigation of hepatic function and in the 201 (technetium lidofenin (99mTc)); QV09DA04 (technetium ATC — V09GX01 (thallium chloride ( Tl)). mebrofenin (99mTc)); QV09DA05 (technetium galtifenin imaging of the hepatobiliary system. ATC Vet — QV09GX01 (thallium chloride (201Tl)). 99m 99m ( Tc)); QV09DB01 (technetium nanocolloid ( Tc)); Agents used intravenously in both brain and renal imaging are HALF-LIFE. 73.1 hours. QV09DB02 (technetium microcolloid (99mTc)); QV09DB03 technetium-99m-labelled gluconate, gluceptate, and pentetate. (technetium millimicrospheres (99mTc)); QV09DB04 (tech- Other technetium-99m-labelled compounds are used in brain Profile netium tin colloid (99mTc)); QV09DB05 (technetium sulfur and kidney scanning; for instance, labelled bicisate and exam- Thallium-201, in the form of thallous chloride (201Tl), is given by colloid (99mTc)); QV09DB06 (technetium rhenium sulfide etazime have been used in brain imaging and betiatide, mertiati- intravenous injection for scanning the myocardium in the inves- colloid (99mTc)); QV09DB07 (technetium phytate (99mTc)); de, and succimer have been used in kidney studies. The pentetate tigation of acute myocardial infarction. It is also used for myo- QV09EA01 (technetium pentetate (99mTc)); QV09EA02 cardial perfusion imaging in cardiac stress testing of patients 99m is also given by inhalation for lung ventilation imaging, and oral- (technetium technegas ( Tc)); QV09EA03 (technetium ly for studies of gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric emptying. with ischaemic heart disease. Adenosine (see Ischaemic Heart nanocolloid (99mTc)); QV09EB01 (technetium macrosalb Disease, p.1203), dipyridamole (see Myocardial Imaging, (99mTc)); QV09EB02 (technetium microspheres (99mTc)); For bone scanning various labelled phosphate compounds may p.1268), or dobutamine (see Diagnosis and Testing, p.1272) may QV09FX01 (technetium pertechnetate (99mTc)); be used and include medronate, oxidronate, and pyrophosphate, 99m be used to induce pharmacological stress in those patients unable QV09GA01 (technetium sestamibi ( Tc)); QV09GA02 all given intravenously. Technetium-99m as the pyrophosphate is to tolerate exercise. (technetium tetrofosmin (99mTc)); QV09GA03 (technetium also used in cardiac scintigraphy. Technetium-99m as the medr- teboroxime (99mTc)); QV09GA04 (technetium human albu- onate and pyrophosphate are also used to label red blood cells for Other uses include muscle perfusion scintigraphy in peripheral min (99mTc)); QV09GA05 (technetium furifosmin (99mTc)); use in blood pool scintigraphy, cardiac scintigraphy, detection of vascular disorders, visualisation of brain and thyroid tumours QV09GA06 (technetium stannous agent labelled cells gastrointestinal bleeding, and testicular scintigraphy. and metastases, and the localisation of parathyroid adenomas 99m 99m and hyperplasia by thallium-201 and technetium-99m subtrac- ( Tc)); QV09GA07 (technetium apcitide ( Tc)); Compounds used intravenously in cardiac imaging include tech- QV09HA01 (technetium human immunoglobulin (99mTc)); tion scanning. netium-99m-labelled sestamibi, teboroxime, and tetrofosmin. QV09HA02 (technetium exametazime labelled cells 99m Preparations (99mTc)); QV09HA03 (technetium antigranulocyte antibody Technetium ( Tc) sestamibi is also used for breast imaging. 99m 99m Ph. Eur.: Thallous( Tl) Chloride Injection; ( Tc)); QV09HA04 (technetium sulesomab ( Tc)); Technetium-99m-labelled leucocytes (prepared using exametaz- USP 31: Thallous Chloride Tl 201 Injection. QV09IA01 (technetium antiCEA antibody (99mTc)); ime) are used for localisation of sites of inflammation or infec- QV09IA02 (technetium antimelanoma antibody (99mTc)); tion. Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) 99m Austria: DRN 8103. QV09IA03 (technetium pentavalent succimer ( Tc)); Monoclonal antibodies labelled with technetium-99m, such as QV09IA04 (technetium votumumab (99mTc)); QV09IA05 (technetium depreotide (99mTc)); QV09IA06 (technetium arcitumomab and nofetumomab merpentan, are used for the de- arcitumomab (99mTc)). tection and localisation of malignant neoplasms. Labelled sule- somab is used in the detection of osteomyelitis. Labelled fanole- Trit ium HALF-LIFE. 6.02 hours. somab was used in the diagnosis of appendicitis but was Hydrogen-3; Tritio. withdrawn from the market due to severe adverse effects. Tech- CAS — 10028-17-8. netium (99mTc) depreotide is a labelled peptide used intravenous- Adverse Effects and Precautions HALF-LIFE. 12.3 years. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with technetium- ly for imaging of pulmonary malignancy. 99m preparations. Many other technetium-99m-labelled compounds have been Profile prepared and used in different clinical studies for the examina- Tritium, in the form of tritiated water, has been used to determine Breast feeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics has the total body water by a dilution technique. 1 tion of different organs or systems. Use with other radionuclides stated that temporary cessation of breast feeding is required after includes subtraction scanning with thallium-201 to detect parath- Preparations exposure to technetium-99m since radioactivity has been report- yroid tumours. ed to be present in breast milk for 15 to 72 hours. Ph. Eur.: Tritiated( H) Water Injection. Preparations 1. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and oth- er chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 776–89. Ph. Eur.: Sodium Pertechnetate( Tc) Injection (Fission); Sodium Correction. ibid.; 1029. Also available at: Pertechnetate( Tc) Injection (Non-fission); Technetium( Tc) Bicisate Xenon-127 http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/ Injection; Technetium( Tc) Colloidal Rhenium Sulphide Injection; Techne- Xenón 127. pediatrics%3b108/3/776 (accessed 01/07/04) tium( Tc) Colloidal Sulphur Injection; Technetium( Tc) Colloidal Tin In- jection; Technetium( Tc) Etifenin Injection; Technetium( Tc) Exametaz- CAS — 13994-19-9. Uses and Administration ime Injection; Technetium( Tc) Gluconate Injection; Technetium( Tc) ATC — V09EX02 (xenon gas (127Xe)). 99 Human Albumin Injection; Technetium( Tc) Macrosalb Injection; Techne- ATC Vet — QV09EX02 (xenon gas (127Xe)). Technetium-99m is a daughter of molybdenum-99 ( Mo, half- tium( Tc) Medronate Injection; Technetium( Tc) Mertiatide Injection; life 66.2 hours) and because of its short half-life is normally pre- Technetium( Tc) Microspheres Injection; Technetium( Tc) Pentetate HALF-LIFE. 36.41 days. pared just before use by elution from a sterile generator consist- Injection; Technetium( Tc) Sestamibi Injection; Technetium( Tc) Succi- ing of molybdenum-99 adsorbed onto alumina in a glass column. mer Injection; Technetium( Tc) Tin Pyrophosphate Injection; Profile Technetium-99m as pertechnetate (99mTcO −) is obtained by elu- USP 31: Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Injection; Technetium Tc Fa- Xenon-127 has similar physical properties to those of xenon-133 4 nolesomab Injection; Technetium Tc 99m (Pyro- and trimeta-) Phosphates (see below) and is also used by inhalation for pulmonary func- tion with a sterile solution of sodium chloride 0.9%. Radiophar- Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Albumin Aggregated Injection; Technetium maceuticals of technetium-99m are prepared shortly after elution Tc 99m Albumin Colloid Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Albumin Injection; tion studies and lung imaging. to reduce loss by decay. Technetium Tc 99m Apcitide Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Arcitumomab Preparations Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Bicisate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Because it has a short half-life and can be given in relatively large Depreotide Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin Injection; Technetium USP 31: Xenon Xe 127. Tc 99m Etidronate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime Injection; doses, and because the energy of its gamma-emission is readily Technetium Tc 99m Gluceptate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Lidofenin detected, technetium-99m is very widely used, either as the Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Mebrofenin Injection; Technetium Tc 99m pertechnetate or in the form of various labelled compounds, par- Medronate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Mertiatide Injection; Technetium Xenon-133 ticles, and colloids for scanning bone and organs such as the Tc 99m Nofetumomab Merpentan Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Oxidro- Xenón 133. brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, and thyroid. nate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Red Blood Cells Injection; CAS — 14932-42-4. Sodium pertechnetate (99mTc) is used intravenously for angiogra- Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Injection; Technetium Tc 99m Succimer In- ATC — V09EX03 (xenon gas (133Xe)). jection; Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid Injection; Technetium Tc 99m 133 phy and for imaging blood pools, brain, salivary glands, and thy- Tetrofosmin Injection. ATC Vet — QV09EX03 (xenon gas ( Xe)). roid gland; the oral route may also be used for brain and thyroid HALF-LIFE. 5.25 days. imaging. Topical application to the eye is used for studying na- Proprietary Preparations (details are given in Part 3) solachrymal drainage and the intraurethral route for imaging the Austral.: Cardiolite; Ceretec; Myoview; Neurolite; Austria: Cardiolite; Profile Ceretec; Myoview; TechneScan HDP; TechneScan LyoMAA; TechneScan urinary tract. Potassium perchlorate may be given before the MAG3; Belg.: Cardiolite†; Neurolite†; Cz.: 6-MDP, 8-MDP; Amerscan Xenon-133 is an inert gas with relatively low solubility in plas- pertechnetate to prevent uptake in the thyroid or choroid plexus DMSA†; Amerscan Hepatate; Amerscan Medronate; Amerscan Pen- ma. In the gaseous form, it is mixed with air or oxygen in a bag and thus enhance visualisation in other organs. tetate†; Amerscan Pulmonate†; Amerscan Stannous; Amertec†; Anti- or in a closed or open circuit spirometer. When the gas is stopped, Granulocyte BW†; Brain-Spect; Cardio-Spect; Cardiolite; CEA-Scan†; xenon-133 is excreted promptly and completely through the Macroaggregates of human albumin labelled with technetium- Ceretec; DTPA; Hibida; HM-PAO Kit; Leuco-Scint; LeukoScan; Lympho- lungs. It is used by inhalation in pulmonary function studies and 99m [macrosalb (99mTc)] are used in lung scanning for the detec- scint†; Macro-Albumon; Macrotec; Mag 3; Myoview; Nano-Albumon; Na- nocoll; Neospect; Neurolite; Neuroscan; Osteocis†; Pulmocis; Rotop Mag- lung imaging as well as in cerebral blood flow studies. It has also tion of abnormal lung perfusion patterns; after intravenous injec- 3†; Scintimun; Senti-Scint; TechneScan DMSA; TechneScan DTPA; TechneS- been used for these purposes in the form of an injection in sodi- tion of a suspension of suitable particle size, usually 10 to can HDP; TechneScan HIG; TechneScan HSA; TechneScan Lyomaa; Tech- um chloride 0.9%. 100 micrometres, the particles become trapped in the lung capil- neScan MAG3; TechneScan PYP; TechneScan Q12†; Trimetyl-HIDA; Ultra laries enabling ischaemic areas to be defined. Labelled albumin Technekow FM; UltraTag RBC; Fr.: Cardiolite†; Myoview; Neurolite†; Irl.: Preparations microspheres of particle size 10 to 50 micrometres are used sim- Cardiolite†; Ital.: Cardiolite; CEA-Scan; Ceretec; LeukoScan; Myoview; Ne- Ph. Eur.: Xenon( Xe) Injection; ospect; Neurolite; TechneScan MAG3; Neth.: Amerscan DMSA†; Amer- USP 31: Xenon Xe 133; Xenon Xe 133 Injection. ilarly. Labelled macroaggregates of albumin have also been used scan Hepatate; Amerscan Medronate; Amerscan Pentetate†; Amerscan in venography for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis of the Stannous; Bridatec; Cardiolite; Ceretec; Cholediam; DraxImage MAA;