Physiologic and Molecular Studies on Oral Gnaerobic Spirochetes and Procaryotes Found in Blood
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
USO DEL PROBIÓTICO Shewanella Putrefaciens Pdp11 EN EL CULTIVO DE Solea Senegalensis: IMPLICACIONES SOBRE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA USO DEL PROBIÓTICO Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 EN EL CULTIVO DE Solea senegalensis: IMPLICACIONES SOBRE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL SILVANA TERESA TAPIA PANIAGUA TESIS DOCTORAL 2015 Directores: Dr. Miguel Ángel Moriñigo Gutiérrez Ilustración: Cecilia Moreno Dra. María del Carmen Balebona Accino AUTOR: Silvana Teresa Tapia Paniagua http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-5009 EDITA: Publicaciones y Divulgación Científica. Universidad de Málaga Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional: Cualquier parte de esta obra se puede reproducir sin autorización pero con el reconocimiento y atribución de los autores. No se puede hacer uso comercial de la obra y no se puede alterar, transformar o hacer obras derivadas. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Esta Tesis Doctoral está depositada en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (RIUMA): riuma.uma.es FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA USO DEL PROBIÓTICO Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 EN EL CULTIVO DE Solea senegalensis: IMPLICACIONES SOBRE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Memoria presentada por Dña. Silvana Teresa Tapia Paniagua para optar al grado de doctora. Directores: Dr. Miguel Ángel Moriñigo Gutiérrez Dra. María del Carmen Balebona Accino Noviembre, 2015 FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGÍA D. JUAN JOSÉ BORREGO GARCÍA, Catedrático de Microbiología y Director del Departamento de Microbiología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Málaga. INFORMA QUE: La Licenciada Dña. Silvana Teresa Tapia Paniagua ha realizado en los laboratorios de este Departamento el trabajo experimental conducente a la elaboración de la presente memoria de Tesis Doctoral. Y para que así conste, expido el presente informe, Noviembre, 2015 Fdo: Juan José Borrego García Esta Tesis ha sido realizada en el Departamento de Microbiología de la Universidad de Málaga, bajo la dirección de sus directores, el Dr. -
Borrelia Burgdorferi and Treponema Pallidum: a Comparison of Functional Genomics, Environmental Adaptations, and Pathogenic Mechanisms
PERSPECTIVE SERIES Bacterial polymorphisms Martin J. Blaser and James M. Musser, Series Editors Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum: a comparison of functional genomics, environmental adaptations, and pathogenic mechanisms Stephen F. Porcella and Tom G. Schwan Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA Address correspondence to: Tom G. Schwan, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA. Phone: (406) 363-9250; Fax: (406) 363-9445; E-mail: [email protected]. Spirochetes are a diverse group of bacteria found in (6–8). Here, we compare the biology and genomes of soil, deep in marine sediments, commensal in the gut these two spirochetal pathogens with reference to their of termites and other arthropods, or obligate parasites different host associations and modes of transmission. of vertebrates. Two pathogenic spirochetes that are the focus of this perspective are Borrelia burgdorferi sensu Genomic structure lato, a causative agent of Lyme disease, and Treponema A striking difference between B. burgdorferi and T. pal- pallidum subspecies pallidum, the agent of venereal lidum is their total genomic structure. Although both syphilis. Although these organisms are bound togeth- pathogens have small genomes, compared with many er by ancient ancestry and similar morphology (Figure well known bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Mycobac- 1), as well as by the protean nature of the infections terium tuberculosis, the genomic structure of B. burgdorferi they cause, many differences exist in their life cycles, environmental adaptations, and impact on human health and behavior. The specific mechanisms con- tributing to multisystem disease and persistent, long- term infections caused by both organisms in spite of significant immune responses are not yet understood. -
The Relapsing Fever Agent Borrelia Hermsii Has Multiple
Copyright Q 1992 by the Genetics Societyof America The Relapsing Fever AgentBorrelia hermsii Has Multiple Copiesof Its Chromosome and Linear Plasmids Todd Kitten and Alan G. Barbour Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, The Universityof Texas Health Science Center, Sun Antonio, Texas 78284 Manuscript received March 17, 1992 Accepted for publicationJune 25, 1992 ABSTRACT Borrelia hermsii, a spirochete which causes relapsing fever in humans and other mammals, eludes the immune responseby antigenic variationof the “Vmp” proteins.This occurs by replacement of an expressed vrnp gene with a copy of a silent vrnp gene. Silent and expressedvrnp genes are located on separate linearplasmids. To further characterize vrnp recombination, copy numbers were determined for two linear plasmids and for the l-megabase chromosome by comparing hybridization of probes to native DNA with hybridization to recombinant plasmids containing borrelial DNA. Plasmid copy numbers were also estimated by ethidium bromide fluorescence. Total cellular DNA content was determined by spectrophotometry. For borreliasgrown in mice, copy numbers and 95% confidence intervals were 14 (12-17)for an expression plasmid,8 (7-9) for a silent plasmid, and 16 (13-18) for the chromosome. Borrelias grown in broth mediumhad one-fourth to one-half this number of plasmids and chromosomes. Staining of cells with4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole revealed DNA to be distributed throughout most of the spirochete’s length. These findings indicate that borrelias organize their total cellular DNA into several complete genomes and thatcells undergoing serotype switches do one or more of the following: (1) coexpress Vmps from switched and unswitched expression plasmids for at least three to five generations, (2)suppress transcription from some expressionplasmid copies, or (3) partition expression plasmids nonrandomly.The lower copy number ofthe silentplasmid indicates that nonreciprocal Vmp gene recombination may result from loss of recombinant silent ” plasmids by segregation. -
Drinking Water with Saccharin Sodium Alters the Microbiota-Gut-Hypothalamus Axis in Guinea Pig
animals Article Drinking Water with Saccharin Sodium Alters the Microbiota-Gut-Hypothalamus Axis in Guinea Pig Junrong Li 1,2,† , Shanli Zhu 2,3,†, Zengpeng Lv 3,†, Hongjian Dai 3, Zhe Wang 3, Quanwei Wei 3, Enayatullah Hamdard 3 , Sheeraz Mustafa 3 , Fangxiong Shi 3,* and Yan Fu 1,* 1 College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] 2 College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China; [email protected] 3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (H.D.); [email protected] (Z.W.); [email protected] (Q.W.); [email protected] (E.H.); [email protected] (S.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (Y.F.) † These authors contributed equally to this study. Simple Summary: Saccharin sodium (SS) is one of the commonly used artificial sweeteners (AS) in the food industry, but the mechanisms mediating the physiological effects of sweeteners in the gut-brain axis is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory effect of SS on the microbiota-gut-hypothalamus axis on guinea pigs. We found that SS treatment may alter the growth and glucose metabolism of guinea pigs by activating sweet receptor signaling in the gut and growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) hormone secretion. Besides, SS treatment increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillasceae-Lactobacillus in the ileum, and subsequently increased levels of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Adding 1.5 mM SS to drinking water alters the growth of guinea pigs by regulating the microbiota-hypothalamus-gut axis. -
IS IT LYME DISEASE, Or TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER?
IS IT LYME DISEASE, or TICK-BORNE RELAPSING FEVER? Webinar Presented by Joseph J. Burrascano Jr. M.D. Joined by Jyotsna Shah PhD for the Q&A January 2020 Presenters Joseph J. Burrascano Jr. M.D. • Well-known pioneer in the field of tick-borne diseases, active since 1985 • Founding member of ILADS and ILADEF • Active in physician education on all aspects of tick-borne diseases Jyotsna Shah, PhD • President & Laboratory Director of IGeneX Clinical Laboratory • Over 40 Years of Research Experience in Immunology, Molecular Biology & Microbiology • Author of Multiple Publications & Holds More Than 20 Patents • Member of ILRAD as a Post-Doctoral Scientist • Started the First DNA Sequencing Laboratory in E. Africa 2 Poll Question Before we begin, we’d like to ask a poll question. Which one of these Borrelia causes Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF)? a) B. mayonii b) B. turicatae c) B. burgdorferi d) B. andersonii e) B. garinii 3 Poll Question Before we begin, we’d like to ask a poll question. Which one of these Borrelia causes Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF)? a) B. mayonii - Lyme b) B. turicatae - TBRF c) B. burgdorferi - Lyme d) B. andersonii - Lyme e) B. garinii – Lyme strain in Europe 4 What is TBRF? • Has been defined by clinical presentation • Has been defined by tick vector • Has been defined by genetics • Has been defined by serotype BUT • Each of these has exceptions and limitations! 5 Clinical Presentation of Classic TBRF • “Recurring febrile episodes that last ~3 days and are separated by afebrile periods of ~7 days duration.” • “Each febrile episode involves a “crisis.” During the “chill phase” of the crisis, patients develop very high fever (up to 106.7°F) and may become delirious, agitated, tachycardic and tachypneic. -
Uvic Thesis Template
Investigating the Role of Pallilysin in the Dissemination of the Syphilis Spirochete Treponema pallidum by Yavor Denchev Bachelor of Science, University of Victoria, 2011 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Yavor Denchev, 2014 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Investigating the Role of Pallilysin in the Dissemination of the Syphilis Spirochete Treponema pallidum by Yavor Denchev Bachelor of Science, University of Victoria, 2011 Supervisory Committee Dr. Caroline Cameron, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Supervisor Dr. Terry Pearson, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Departmental Member Dr. John Taylor, Department of Biology Outside Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Caroline Cameron, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Supervisor Dr. Terry Pearson, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Departmental Member Dr. John Taylor, Department of Biology Outside Member Syphilis is a global public health concern with 36.4 million cases worldwide and 11 million new infections per year. It is a chronic multistage disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum and is transmitted by sexual contact, direct contact with lesions or vertically from an infected mother to her fetus. T. pallidum is a highly invasive pathogen that rapidly penetrates tight junctions of endothelial cells and disseminates rapidly via the bloodstream to establish widespread infection. Previous investigations conducted in our laboratory identified the surface-exposed adhesin, pallilysin, as a metalloprotease that degrades the host components laminin (major component of the basement membrane lining blood vessels) and fibrinogen (primary component of the coagulation cascade), as well as fibrin clots (function to entrap bacteria and prevent disseminated infection). -
Borrelia Species
APPENDIX 2 Borrelia Species Likelihood of Secondary Transmission: • Secondary transmission of relapsing fever from blood Disease Agent: exposure or blood contact with broken skin or con- • Borrelia recurrentis—Tick-borne relapsing fever junctiva, contaminated needles • B. duttoni—Louse-borne relapsing fever At-Risk Populations: Disease Agent Characteristics: • Persons with exposure to the tick vector and people living in crowded conditions with degraded public • Not classified as either Gram-positive or Gram- health infrastructure negative, facultatively intracellular bacterium • Order: Spirochaetales; Family: Spirochaetaceae Vector and Reservoir Involved: • Size: 20-30 ¥ 0.2-0.3 mm • Nucleic acid: Approximately 1250-1570 kb of DNA • Argasid (soft) ticks: Tick-borne (endemic) relapsing fever. Rodents are the reservoir. Disease Name: • Human body louse: Louse-borne (epidemic) relaps- ing fever. No nonhuman reservoir • Relapsing fever Blood Phase: Priority Level: • Bacteria are present in high numbers in the blood • Scientific/Epidemiologic evidence regarding blood during febrile episodes and at lower levels between safety: Very low fevers. • Public perception and/or regulatory concern regard- • The duration of bacteremia is not well characterized, ing blood safety: Absent but recurrent fevers can persist for several weeks to • Public concern regarding disease agent: Very low months. Background: Survival/Persistence in Blood Products: • Relapsing fevers occur throughout the world, with the • No information for B. recurrentis; however, laboratory exception of a few areas in the Southwest Pacific. The studies indicate that B. burgdorferi survives in fresh distribution and occurrence of endemic tick-borne frozen plasma, RBCs, and platelets for the duration of relapsing fever (TBRF) are governed by the presence their storage period. -
Pathogen and Host Response Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Borrelia Hermsii Relapsing Fever
veterinary sciences Article Pathogen and Host Response Dynamics in a Mouse Model of Borrelia hermsii Relapsing Fever Christopher D. Crowder, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Azadeh Shojaee Estabragh, Eric R. G. Lewis, Renee A. Marcsisin and Alan G. Barbour * Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; [email protected] (C.D.C.); [email protected] (A.G.L.); [email protected] (A.S.E.); [email protected] (E.R.G.L.); [email protected] (R.A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-949-824-5626 Academic Editor: Ulrike Munderloh Received: 13 July 2016; Accepted: 24 August 2016; Published: 30 August 2016 Abstract: Most Borrelia species that cause tick-borne relapsing fever utilize rodents as their natural reservoirs, and for decades laboratory-bred rodents have served as informative experimental models for the disease. However, while there has much progress in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms, including antigenic variation, of the pathogen, the host side of the equation has been neglected. Using different approaches, we studied, in immunocompetent inbred mice, the dynamics of infection with and host responses to North American relapsing fever agent B. hermsii. The spirochete’s generation time in blood of infected mice was between 4–5 h and, after a delay, was matched in rate by the increase of specific agglutinating antibodies in response to the infection. After initiating serotype cells were cleared by antibodies, the surviving spirochetes were a different serotype and, as a population, grew more slowly. The retardation was attributable to the host response and not an inherently slower growth rate. -
Values of Diagnostic Tests for the Various Species of Spirochetes
+Model MEDMAL-4093; No. of Pages 10 ARTICLE IN PRESS Disponible en ligne sur ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Médecine et maladies infectieuses xxx (2019) xxx–xxx Review Values of diagnostic tests for the various species of spirochetes Performances des tests diagnostiques pour les différentes espèces de spirochètes a,∗ b a c,d e Carole Eldin , Benoit Jaulhac , Oleg Mediannikov , Jean-Pierre Arzouni , Didier Raoult a IRD, AP–HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France b Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre national de référence des Borrelia, faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France c Plate-forme de sérologie bactérienne, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France d Labosud provence biologie, 13117 Martigues, France e IRD, AP–HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France Received 26 October 2018; accepted 21 January 2019 Abstract Bacteria of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, responsible for Lyme disease, are members of the spirochetes phylum. Diagnostic difficulties of Lyme disease are partly due to the characteristics of spirochetes as their culture is tedious or even impossible for some of them. We performed a literature review to assess the value of the various diagnostic tests of spirochetes infections of medical interest such as Lyme borreliosis, relapsing fever borreliae, syphilis, and leptospirosis. We were able to draw similarities between these four infections. Real-time PCR now plays an important role in the direct diagnosis of these infections. However, direct diagnosis remains difficult because of a persistent lack of sensitivity. Serological testing is therefore crucial in the diagnostic process. -
Vector-Borne Disease Flyer
Do You Have Patients That Suffer from Chronic Pain and Fatigue? Medical Diagnostic Laboratories offers State-of-the-art Vector-Borne Disease Testing • Comprehensive vector-borne test menu including Lyme disease and viral & bacterial coinfections • Detection by DNA-based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and serology-based IgG/IgM • C6 Peptide ELISA testing for Borrelia burgdorferi • CDC and alternative interpretation of bands provided for Borrelia burgdorferi Immunoblot • Test additions available up to 30 days after collection • No refrigeration required before or after collection • 5-10 days turnaround time • Affordable patient pricing for non-insured patients • We file all insurances including Medicare, Medicaid, PPOs and HMOs • Founded in 1997 as a vector-borne & Lyme testing laboratory • Testing available for patients of all ages A DIVISION OF • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • TM Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, L.L.C. CLINICAL www.mdlab.com • 877.269.0090 DIAGNOSTICS 7/2019 Vector-Borne Diseases TICK-BORNE DISEASES Anaplasmosis & Ehrlichiosis 439 Anaplasma phagocytophilum lgG/lgM by IFA (serum required) 411 Ehrlichia chaff eensis (HME) & Anaplasma phagocytophilum (HGE) by Real-Time PCR 456 Ehrlichia ewingii (HME) by Real-Time PCR Babesiosis 431 Babesia duncani (WA-1) by Real-Time PCR 410 Babesia microti by Real-Time PCR 440 Babesia microti IgG/IgM by IFA (serum required) Borreliosis - Lyme disease 424 Borrelia afzelii (Europe) by Real-Time PCR 441 Borrelia afzelii (Europe) by Western -
Attachment of Treponema Denticola Strains to Monolayers of Epithelial Cells of Different Origin 29
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/145980 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-08 and may be subject to change. ATTACHMENT OF TREPONEMA DENTICOLA, IN PARTICULAR STRAIN ATCC 33520, TO EPITHELIAL CELLS AND ERYTHROCYTES. - AN IN VITRO STUDY - L—J Print: Offsetdrukkerij Ridderprint B.V., Ridderkerk ATTACHMENT OF TREPONEMA DENTICOLA, IN PARTICULAR STRAIN ATCC 33520, TO EPITHELIAL CELLS AND ERYTHROCYTES. - AN IN VITRO STUDY - een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Medische Wetenschappen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 19 mei 1995 des namiddags te 3.30 uur precies door Robert Antoine Cornelius Keulers geboren op 4 april 1957 te Geertruidenberg Promotor: Prof. Dr. K.G. König. Co-promotores: Dr. J.C. Maltha Dr. F.H.M. Mikx Ouders, Familie, Vrienden Table of contents Page Chapter 1: General introduction 9 Chapter 2: Attachment of Treponema denticola strains to monolayers of epithelial cells of different origin 29 Chapter 3: Attachment of Treponema denticola strains ATCC 33520, ATCC 35405, Bll and Ny541 to a morphologically distinct population of rat palatal epithelial cells 35 Chapter 4: Involvement of treponemal surface-located protein and carbohydrate moieties in the attachment of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 to cultured rat palatal epithelial cells 43 Chapter 5: Hemagglutination activity of Treponema denticola grown in serum-free medium in continuous culture 51 Chapter 6: Development of an in vitro model to study the invasion of oral spirochetes: A pilot study 59 Chapter 7: General discussion 71 Chapter 8: Summary, Samenvatting, References 85 Appendix: Ultrastructure of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 113 Dankwoord 121 Curriculum vitae 123 Chapter 1 General introduction Table of contents chapter 1 Page 1.1. -
Brevinema Andersonii Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., An
INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Jan. 1995, p. 78-84 Vol. 45, No. 1 0020-7713/95/$04.00+0 Copyright 0 1995, International Union of Microbiological Societies Brevinema andersonii gen. nov., sp. nov., an Infectious Spirochete Isolated from the Short-Tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) and the White-Footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) D. L. DEFOSSE,'" R. C. JOHNSON,l B. J. PASTER,2 F. E. DEWHIRST,2 AND G. J. FRASER2 Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota 55455, and Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts 0211 52 A spirochete which infects short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) has been shown previously to be ultrastructurally and serologically distinct from other spirochetes. Two of the original isolates from Connecticut and Minnesota and 16 new isolates obtained from shrews captured in Minnesota were characterized phenotypically and genetically in this study. A comparative analysis of the 16s rRNA sequences of two shrew isolates and one mouse isolate and the 16s rRNA sequences of 16 other spirochetes and Escherichia coli revealed that these organisms exhibited low levels of similarity (range of similarity values, 73.9 to 77.8%; average level of similarity, 74.7%). The shrew and mouse isolates which we examined formed a deeply branching subgroup that was clearly distinct from the other genera of spirochetes examined. These and other results indicated that the new spirochetes represent a unique taxon in the order Spirochaetales. Accordingly, we propose that they should be classified as members of a new genus, Brevinema. The three strains of Brevinema which we examined had 16s rRNA sequences that were nearly identical.