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Reader Engagement with Data Journalism: Comparing the Guardian and Washington Post's Coverage of People Killed by Police

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Reader Engagement with Data Journalism: Comparing the Guardian and Washington Post's Coverage of People Killed by Police UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones August 2016 Reader Engagement with Data Journalism: Comparing the Guardian and Washington Post's Coverage of People Killed by Police Dan Michalski University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Broadcast and Video Studies Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Repository Citation Michalski, Dan, "Reader Engagement with Data Journalism: Comparing the Guardian and Washington Post's Coverage of People Killed by Police" (2016). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/9302952 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. READER ENGAGEMENT WITH DATA JOURNALISM: COMPARING THE GUARDIAN AND WASHINGTON POST’S COVERAGE OF PEOPLE KILLED BY POLICE By Dan Michalski Bachelor of Science in Journalism Northwestern University 1994 A thesis dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts – Journalism & Media Studies Hank Greenspun School of Journalism & Media Studies Greenspun College of Urban Affairs The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 2016 Thesis Approval The Graduate College The University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 10, 2016 This thesis prepared by Dan Michalski entitled Reader Engagement with Data Journalism: Comparing The Guardian and Washington Post’s Coverage of People Killed by Police is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts – Journalism & Media Studies Hank Greenspun School of Journalism & Media Studies Julian Kilker, Ph.D. Kathryn Hausbeck Korgan, Ph.D. Examination Committee Chair Graduate College Interim Dean Stephen Bates, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member Greg Borchard, Ph.D. Examination Committee Member William Sousa, Ph.D. Graduate College Faculty Representative ii READER ENGAGEMENT WITH DATA JOURNALISM: COMPARING THE GUARDIAN AND WASHINGTON POST’S COVERAGE OF PEOPLE KILLED BY POLICE ABSTRACT The issue of people killed by police has become a focus of current political and social discourse related to criminal justice reform in the United States. Two data journalism projects attempting to track previously missing data have been central to a changing discussion. The Guardian’s The Counted and The Washington Post’s Investigation: Police Shootings have each attempted to create a running log of fatalities resulting from law enforcement activities. Such endeavors have added to a collective consciousness about the scope and commonality of deadly police encounters, and has provided empirical reference points for various legislative pushes related to police accountability. These two projects – one from an acknowledged leader in data journalism, the other by a legacy newspaper with a tradition of Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative journalism – presented a unique opportunity to compare and contrast two exemplars of data journalism in an active contemporary media context. This thesis conducted a comparative case study consisting of content analysis built on a framework of Coddington’s (2015) typology. Findings showed two different approaches to data journalism, one of which won the Pulitzer Prize. In the end, this thesis proposes future research to consider adding a new dimension to Coddington – vision of self, which would assess different data journalism decisions as a binary choice between journalism seen primarily as a public service or hard news. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis was hardly a solo effort. I would like to thank many people for their contributions. First, thesis chair Dr. Julian Kilker for overseeing and guiding this project; he helped me push my bounds to see more with the betterment of research. Likewise, thank you to committee members Stephen Bates, Dr. Gregory Borchard, and Dr. William Sousa for their assistance, expertise, and patience. Additional thanks go to Hank Greenspun School of Journalism and Media Studies Director Dr. Larry Mullen and executive admin Diana Morrison for their help navigating administrative complexities. I would also like to thank my JMS classmates for inspiring me along the way – Jeni, Kaitlin, Azalee, Tiffany, Sara, Brittany, Jason, and Jason will always hold a special place in my internal autonomous organic cardiovascular mechanism. Speaking of hearts, I’d like to express a most special appreciation and admiration for Dr. Tricia Catalino for her support, encouragement, and sacrifice in walking with me through this adventure in academia. And last, I would like to extend a nod posthumously to Scott Chaffin (1960 – 2014), a self-described “web hippie” who labored by my side in endeavors leading up to my graduate school experience; he taught this journalist the ways of ethical database wranglers and so much more from a technologist’s point of view, concepts that would emerge as central to this study. Every person mentioned here and others have been with me in this process more than they probably realize. It has been worthwhile struggle speckled with fits of joy and insight every step of the way. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 What Is Data Journalism? ........................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of Study ......................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO: BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 9 A Brief History of Data Journalism ............................................................................................ 9 Social Science Precision ....................................................................................................... 15 Follow the Data ..................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 22 Defining Data Journalism for Research .................................................................................... 22 Data in the Newsroom .......................................................................................................... 28 Calls for Content Analysis .................................................................................................... 36 Summary of Literature .............................................................................................................. 38 CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 39 Comparative Case Study ........................................................................................................... 39 Case 1: The Counted ............................................................................................................. 44 Case 2: Police Shootings ....................................................................................................... 47 Content Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 48 v Research Steps ...................................................................................................................... 52 Summary of Methods ................................................................................................................ 53 CHAPTER FIVE: RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 55 1. Professional Orientation ........................................................................................................ 58 2. Openness ............................................................................................................................... 61 3. Epistemology ........................................................................................................................ 65 4. Vision of Public .................................................................................................................... 71 Additional Findings .................................................................................................................
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