I. INTRODUCTION

DEIA is a systematic analysis of all environmental impacts arising out of a developmental activity. Depending on type and magnitude of impacts, mitigation measures are suggested to keep the overall environmental quality intact. The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Government of in its EIA Notification directs that construction of any new projects or the expansion/modernization of existing projects should undertake the Environmental Impact Assessment study before commencement of construction work. The main objective of the DEIAA study is to evaluate the benefited and adverse effect of developing activities on the neighbourhood environment and the area where the quarrying is proposed to carry out. In order to get such information on the nature and extent of potential environmental impacts during the operational or non-operational phases of the projects and its related activities taking place concurrently, a District Survey report of District is made by Geological Survey of India, , State Unit: & Pondicherry.

Kancheepuram district was initially known as District. It was bifurcated on 18-11-1997 into Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur districts. Kancheepuram town, known as city of thousand temples, is the headquarters of the District. The district is situated on the Northern side of east coast of Tamilnadu, at a distance of 76 kms from Chennai and well connected by road and rail. It is bounded on the east by Bay of Bengal, Chennai City and Thiruvallur District on the north, Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts on the west and Villupuram District and Union territory of Puducherry on the south. It lies between 11° 00' to 12° 00’ North latitudes and 77° 28' to 78° 50' East longitudes. The district has a total geographical area of 4433 Sq. Kms and coastline of 87.2 Kms.

The town is well connected by rail and road with the adjoining urban centers, viz Arakkonam, Chengalpattu, Arcot and Vandavasi. The Chengalpattu Arakkonam broad gauge railway line passes through this town (work is under progress). Apart from this the great western trunk road from the Chennai to Bangalore also passes through the Local Planning Area. Vegavathi river traverses from west to east in the Planning area and it also divides the Planning area into two parts.

Fig. No. 1. Location of .

Kancheepuram was the historical capital of Pallavas, having magnificent temples and unique architectural beauty that bears testimony to its ancient glorious of Dravidian heritage. It is also known for its richest silk. , Uthiramelur and Sriperumpudur are some of the other historical places in the district. The district is also known for the numerous electronic and software units in the IT corridor, Giant car manufactures like ford, Hyundai, BMW and Nissan, Telecommunication multinationals like Nokia and Flextronics and the famous glass manufacturer Saint Gobain Glass. Kancheepuram district is having administrative divisions of 8 taluks, 13 blocks, 648 panchayats and 1137 villages as detailed below:-

No. of Sl. No Taluk No. of Villages Block Villages 1. Kancheepuram 207 1.Kancheepuram 91

2. 116

2 124 2 Uthiramerur 124 3 Madurantakam 195 1.Madurantakam 101

2. 94

4 Cheyyur 128 1.Chittamur 65

2.Lattur 63

5 Sriperumpudur 192 1.Sriperumpudur 101

2. 91

6 66 St.Thomas Mount 66 7 Chingleput 198 1. Kattankolathur 101

2. Tiruporur 97

8 Tirukkalukkundram 104 Tirukkalukkundram 104 Total 1214 1214 Table No. 1. Overall view of Kanchipuram District.

II. Mining in the District-An Overview

Granite, stone quarry, Sand quarry, silica sand and clay are the minerals available in Kancheepuram district. Mining activities based on these minerals are very less. However, numerous rough stone quarries are operational for production of construction material in many of the areas in the district.

III. List of Mining Lease with location, area and period of validity The commodity/item wise details of mining lease of Kanchipuram district is given below:- GRANITE

Sl. Name of the Rule Name of the village G.O.Ms.No. which Period Remarks No. lessee under and lease of lease which Taluk and SF.No. granted Lease granted 1 Tvl.Arvind 19-A Pachambakkam G.O.3(D) No.53/Ind. 28.08.2005 Non Granites, Cheyyur (MMB-1) Dept. to operation. 4,Kuppusamy 202/2B (P) dt.19.7.2005 27.08.2025 Street, 202/5A (P) , 202/5B1 Chen 202/61.50.0 hect. nai-96

2 Tvl.Gem 19-A and G.O.3(D) No.32/Ind. 20.03.2007 Non Granite, KadugupattuCheyyurTa (MMB-1) Dept. to operation. Chennai. luk dt.21.2.2007 19.03.2027 10/1A, 38/3, 38/4A, 39/1, 39/2A, 40/1, 40/2A 3.73.0 Hect.

3 Tvl.Tamin Ltd, 8-C Pulikundram G.O.No.283/.Ind.(M 27.12.1995 Non Chennai-5. Cheyyur ME-1) to operation. SF.No.114 Dept 26.12.2015 (Surrender 2.78.5 hect. .dt.27.12.1995. proposal submitted by Tamin)

4 Tvl.Tamin Ltd, 8-C NelvoypalayamCheyyur G.O.No.3(D) 20.08.2007 Non Chennai-5. SF.No.79 No.68 Ind. to operation. 1.10.5 hect. (MME-1) Dept. 19.08.2027 (Surrender dt.20.8.07. proposal submitted by Tamin)

5 Tvl.Tamin Ltd, 8-C Echoor G.O.No.209/Ind. 06.08.2007 Non Chennai-5. Thirukazhikundram (MME-1) Dept. to operation. SF.No.185 & 188 dt.17.7.07. 05.08.2037 (Surrender 4.40.0 hect. proposal submitted by Tamin)

6 D. Suthan, S/o. 19-A Pazhayaseevaram G.O.(3D)No.31, .06.2018 Non Devid, No.50, , Industries (MMB1) to operation. 5th Street, SF.No. 226/4A, 226/4B, Department dt. .06.2038 Bharathi Nagar, 226/4C, 226/4D, 07.06.2018. Road, 226/4E, 226/4F, Tambaram, 226/4G, 226/4H, 226/6, Chennai – 600 226/7 063 1.83.00 Hect.

Table no. 2. Commodity/item wise details of mining lease of Kanchipuram district. DETAILS OF EXISTING MINOR MINERAL LEASES IN KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT AS ON FEB 2019

STONE QUARRY LEASES IN PATTA LANDS

STONE QUARRY LEASES IN PATTA LANDS Sl. Name of the lessees and Area granted on lease Lease District No Address Taluk Village S.No. Extent (in Period Collector's hectres) Proceedings 1 K. Srinivasan, S/o. Kanniappan 164/5B, 165/5, 31.05.2014 671/2013/Q1 No.10, Mettu Street, Madurantakam 165/6, 165/7A, 7B, 2.12.0 To dated Kallapiranpuram and Post, 7C, 7D, 8, 9, 30.05.2019 31.05.2014 Padalam via, Madurantagam Taluk 2 M. Arumugam, S/o. K. Mani Reddiar, 04.09.2014 629/2012/Q3 No.63/2, Ponniamman Koil Madurantakam Jameen Endathur 541/5 3.26.0 To dated Street, Alandhur, Chennai 03.09.2019 04.09.2014 16 3 B. Saraswathi, W/o. Babu, 29.09.2014 379/2012/Q3 No.164, Arunkunam Village Madurantakam Murugamangalam 346/2 1.66.0 To dated and Post, Maduranthagam 28.09.2019 29.09.2014 Taluk 4 R. Micheal Mahesh, S/o. Jasurathinam, 76/1A, 76/2, 24.11.2014 636/2012/Q3 No.34, Walajabad Pazhayaseevaram 76/4A, 76/7, 2.05.0 To dated Road, Kamarajapuram, 76/8B, 23.11.2019 24.11.2014 Anagaputhur, Ch- 70. 5 RCS Infrastracture Pvt Ltd, 323/1A, 2A, 23.02.2015 359 Ganapathy Colony, 2nd 65/2014/Q3 Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 324/10B, 7B, 1.80.0 To Street, Ekkattu Thangal 23.02.2015 327/3B,327/4. 22.02.2020 Chennai 72 6 Thirumalai, No.1/41, Azhvarpettai 25.02.2015 184/2014/Q3 74/2, 11/3B, Village, Mkelathangal post, Madurantakam Veeralur 4.55.5 To dated 12/3B, 123A1 Vandavasi Taluk, T.V. 24.02.2020 25.02.2015 Malai

7 R.Elumalai, S/o. Sri Raghava Pillai, 694/3I, 694/3N, 02.03.2015 392/2013/Q3 Sankarapuram Village, Walajabad Magaral 694/3H, & 0.77.5 To dated Palayaseevara Madura 694/3O. 01.03.2020 02.03.2015 Puliambakkam Post, 8 G.Madeshwaran S/o. Gurusamy, 69,70/4, 72, 73/1, 02.03.2015 427/2014/Q3 Anjuramankoil street, Walajabad Sinnivakkam 73/3, 74/2, 74/3A, 2.74.5 To dated Kunnavakkam Post. 74/3B, 91/1, 91/2. 01.03.2020 02.03.2015 Walajabad Taluk. 9 S.Karunanidhi, 316/1, 316/2, S/o.Srisadaiyan, 02.03.2015 393/2013/Q3 Devariayam 316/3, 316/4, No.53, Mettu Street, Walajabad 0.77.0 To dated pakkam 313/2, 315/1B, Thonamkulam. 01.03.2020 02.03.2015 315/1A Kancheepuram Tk 10 M. Muthiah, 126/2, 127/2, S/o. Murugan, 128/2, 135/1, 10.03.2015 229/2014/Q3 No. 1-7 Vadakanur Maganyam 135/2A, 135/2B, 2.08.0 To dated Koodalur, 136/1, 137/1, 09.03.2020 11.03.2015 Sivagangai 623 538 139/1 11 R. Parthiban, 15.03.2015 99/2014/Q2 S/o. Ravi, Cheyyur Palur 49/2B 0.85.5 To dated No.14, Hospital Road, 14.03.2020 15.03.2015 Madurantakam 12 S. Manonmani, Manamai Village, 16.03.2015 133/2014/Q3 Thirukalukundram, Cheyyur Akkinampet 266/3 1.21.0 To dated Kancheepuram 15.03.2020 16.03.2015 603 102 13 Tvl. Arupadai Infrastructure Company V. Sekar, S1, 109/1B, 109/1F 15.04.2015 456/2014/Q3 Dreams Homes, No. 28&29, Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 109/1G, 109/1H 3.77.0 To dated Dr.K.V.K. Nagar, , 114/1 114/2, 114/3 14.04.2020 15.04.2015 Chennai - 73. 14 421/1A, 1C, 2, M/s.Kanchi Kamakshi 422/1, 2, 426/1A, 15.04.2015 458/2014/Q3 Mines and Crushers, Walajabad Magaral 1B, 2A, 2B, 428/1, 3.96.0 To dated T.Nagar, Chennai-17 2, 3, 4, 429/2, 14.04.2020 15.04.2015 433/7 15 U.G.C.Aravind, 270/1B,1C, 1D, 29.04.2015 358/2014/Q3 No.9, Pillaiyar koil st., Chengalpattu Unamanchery 2,3,4,5, 274, 1.33.5 To dated Unamancheri village, 275/1A,1B. 28.04.2020 29.04.2015 16 U.G.C.Aravind, 29.04.2015 348/2014/Q3 No.9, Pillaiyar koil st., 510/1A, 510/1B, Cheyyur Perukkaranai -II 4.11.5 To dated Unamancheri village, 511/1, 511/2. 28.04.2020 29.04.2015 Chengalpattu Taluk 17 P.Umapathy, 05.05.2015 294/2014/Q2 162/2B, 169, & No.35, 33rd Street, Cheyyur Easoor 2.98.0 To dated 168/1 K.K. Nagar, Chennai 04.05.2020 05.05.2015 18 D. Rajan S/o. Devadass, 07.05.2015 13/2012/Q3 16/10, 2nd Street, Sriperumbudur Naduveerapattu S.No.370/1, 371. 1.81.5 To dated Kailasapuram, 06.05.2020 07.05.2015 West Tambaram, Ch-45. 19 O.Ganesan 07.05.2015 491/2012/Q3 2, Lakshmipuram extention 168, 176/1, 176/2, Sriperumbudur Erumaiyur 1.64.5 To dated 2, Mudichur Road, 177, 178, 184/4. 06.05.2020 07.05.2015 Tambaram West, Ch 45

20 K.K.Ragavan, 262/12, 264/1A, 11.05.2015 698/2013/Q3 S/o.M.Krishnan, Madurantakam Neerpeyar 264/1B1, 264/1B2, 3.65.5 To dated No.77, Theradi Street, 264/1B3 & 264/3 10.05.2020 11.05.2015 Maduranthagam 21 K. Kothandam, S/o. Kuppan, No.5, Alamelu 48/1, 2, 3, 4A, 4C, 02.09.2015 172/Q2/2012 Nagar, Mudichur Road, Chengalpattu Poondi 4D, 4E, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1.11.5 To dated. Old Perunkalathur, Chennai 9, 10, 11,12, 13,14, 01.09.2020 02.09.2015 32 22 D. Karthikeyan, S/o. Dhanasekar, 28.10.2015 185/2014/Q3 No.66, Rajendira Prasad Madurantakam Veeralur 12/3A2, 12/3A3, 2.89.5 To dated. Road, Krishna Nagar, 27.10.2020 28.10.2015 Chrompet, Chennai 23 Antony Gomez, 239/2A, 2B, 2C, S/o. P. Mariadoss, 12.01.2016 23/2015/Q3 243/5, 244/1, 2, 3, No.9/1, M.K. Reddy St, Walajabad Pazhayaseevaram 3.33.0 To dated 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, West Tambaram, Chennai 11.01.2021 12.01.2016 246/25 600 045. 24 Tvl.PCS Industries Pvt Ltd, B-7, B Wing, 6th Floor, 25.02.2016 517/2014/Q2 220/1, 2, Gemini Parsn Manere 602 Madurantakam Periyavenmani 2.49.5 To dated. 222 , Chennai 600 24.02.2021 25.02.2016 006 25 Tvl. Salem Mines and 175/1, 175/2B, Aggregates, 175/3, 175/8B, 26.02.2016 287/2015/Q2 No.9, Nagarathinam Kunnavakkam 175/9B, 175/10B, 3.13.0 To dated. Extension, Thiruneermalai, 175/11B, 175/12, 25.02.2021 26.02.2016. West Tambaram, Ch -45 176/2A, 176/2B. 26 C. Saravanan, 131/1A ,131/2A1 S/o. Chandran, 26.02.2016 459/2015/Q3 131/2B1, 132/1 , No.2/196, Kanniamman Sriperumbudur Sethupattu 2.08.5 To dated. 132/2A, 132/2B Koil St, Sethupattu Village, 25.02.2021 26.02.2016 132/3 & 132/4 . 27 T. Prasanna W/o. Thiruvengadam, 458 459/1A, 02.03.2016 798/2013/Q2 No.27, 2nd Cross Street, 459/1B2, 479/3B, Madurantakam Pakkam 2.38.5 To dated V.G.P. Murphy Square, St. 492/1A1, 492/1A2, 01.03.2021 02.03.2016. Thomas Mount, 492/1B1. 492/1B2 Chennai 600 016. 28 S. Vinothkumar, 338/2 .339/1A, S/o. Subbiah Reddiar, 03.03.2016 666/2013/Q2 Vadamangalam 339/1B1, No.8A, Duraisamypillai Sriperumbudur 3.04.5 To dated and Mambakkam 339/1B2A 341/2A, Street, Tambaram West, 02.03.2021 03.03.2016 341/2B, 341/2C. Chennai 600 045. 29 B. Vijayakumar 414/1 (Part) S/o. P. Balchamy, (1.38.0), 416/1 03.03.2016 284/2014/Q3 No.8A, Duraisamy Pillai Uthiramerur Pinayur (Part) (0.96.0), 2.69.0 To dated Street, West Tambaram, 416/2 (Part) 02.03.2021 03.03.2016 Chennai 600 045 - (0.35.0) 30 P. Nehru, S/o. PaulPandian Nadar, 12.08.2016 190/2013/Q2 No.42, Srirangammal St, Madurantakam Mangalam 115/3A 1.57.5 To dated Old Wannerpet, Chennai 11.08.2021 12.08.2016 600 021 31 Tmt. Geetha Udhayarajan Prop. Mailam Murugan 28.11.2016 148/2016/Q3 10/7, 10/8, Mines, No.59, East Jones Walajabad Avalur 2.24.5 To dated 12/1A,12/4, 12/5, Road, , Chennai - 27.11.2021 28.11.2016 15. 32 D. Uma sankar S/o. Devaraj 31.01.2017 62/2015/Q3 No.1, Thiru.Vi.Ka. Salai, Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 334/1B 2.72.0 To dated Thiruvalluvar Nagar, 30.01.2022 31.01.2017 Salavanpettai, Vellore.

33 182/1A1,1A2, S. Vinothkumar, 1A3, 183/1A, 2, 3, S/o. Subbiah Reddiar, 16.02.2017 184/2B, 185/1A , 668/2013/Q3 No.8A, Duraisamypillai Sriperumbudur Erumaiyur 4.74.0 To 1B, 2, 186/1, 2, 3, dated 16.02.17 Street, Tambaram West, 15.02.2022 4A, 4B, 187/1, 2, Chennai 600 045. 3,4, 5, 34 B. Vijayakumar 300/1, 301/2A2, S/o. P. Balchamy, 16.02.2017 301/2B, 302, 669/2013/Q3 No.8A, Duraisamy Pillai Sriperumbudur Vadamangalam 3.18.0 To 304/1A2, 304/1B, dated 16.02.17 Street, West Tambaram, 15.02.2022 304/3, 304/2 Chennai 600 045. 35 179/1B, 192/1, R. MonishKumar, 2,4,6A,6B, 6C,6D, 28.07.2017 760/2016/Q3 No.35, (old No.88), Uthiramerur Peranakkavur 193/1, 2 ,3 ,4 4.08.00 To dated 28.07.17 Rajaji Street, Chengalpattu 194/1,2, 3,4,5 27.07.2022 200/6 36 S.Kodhandaraman 115/1A, 115/1B, S/o. Sriramalu, No.113, 115/2A1, 07.08.2017 411/2016/Q3 Reddy street, Arunkundram Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 115/2A2B, 2.69.06 To dated 28.07.17 village, Thirumookudal 115/2B1, 115/2C, 06.08.2022 Poast, 115/2D1 37 S. Vinothkumar, S/o. Subbiah Reddiar, 12.08.2017 394/1F, 394/2B, 167/2014/Q3 No.8A, Duraisamypillai Uthiramerur Pinayur 1.92.00 To 394/2C dated 12.08.17 Street, Tambaram West, 11.08.2022 Chennai 600 045. 38 M.R. Govindhan, S/o. Ramasamy, 3/1A, 3/1B, 3/2, 07.12.2017 Sirumailur & 126/Q3/2015 No.398, Gandhi Road, Uthiramerur 5/2, 86/1, 86/2, 4.37.50 To dated.07.12.17 Unamanchery, 87/1(P) 06.12.2022 Chennai – 48. 39 D.Nandhakumar, S/o. Devadas, M/s. Murugappa Blue 11/1, 11/2A, 08.12.2017 Metals, 335/Q3/2014 Uthiramerur Sirumailur 11/2B, 12/1, 12/2, 3.92.50 To Thirutheri Village, dated 08.12.17 12/3, 12/4 and 12/5 07.12.2022 Singaperumal Koil, Chengalpattu Taluk, Kancheepuram District. 40 Saiprakash Leomuthu, S/o. M.Jothiprakasam @ 35/1, 36/1A, 13.12.2017 Leomuthu, 36/1B, 36/1C, 761/Q3/2016 Poonthandalam 3.66.50 To Tvl. Saijothi Quarry, 36/1D, 36/2, 38/2, dated 13.12.17 12.12.2022 No.41, Medli Road, 38/3B Chennai 17. 41 Saiprakash Leomuthu, 583/1, 583/2A, S/o. M.Jothiprakasam @ 583/3C, 583/3D, 13.12.2017 Leomuthu, 762/Q3/2016 Sriperumbudur Pazhanthandaram 583/4A, 583/4B, 3.40.50 To Tvl. Saijothi Quarry, dated 13.12.17 583/2B, 583/3B, 12.12.2022 No.41, Medli Road, 583/6A, 583/7B Chennai 17. 42 Tvl. Narayana Mines, 204/1A, 204/2, 15.12.2017 No.29, Ramesh Nagar, 443/Q3/2016 Pallavaram Thiruneermalai 204/3, 205/1, 2.38.50 To West Tambaram, dated 15.12.17 205/2 14.12.2022 Chennai – 600 045. 43 S. Ravisundar, S/o. Sandhiyagu, 21.12.2017 No.1, 1178-A, 1st street, 415/1A, 418/Q3/2015 Uthiramerur Pinayur 3.23.50 To Bethel Nagar, 415/1B. dated 21.12.17 20.12.2022 Injampakkam, Chennai - 115

44 Tvl. Kamalakshi Mines, 98/2, 98/3, 98/4, Old No.34, New No. 76, 09.01.2018 479/Q3/2015 Periyamadurapakk 98/5, 98/6, 98/7, Durairaj Street, Walajabad 1.52.50 To dated am 98/8, 99/3(P), 99/4, Pazhavanthangal, 08.01.2023 09.01.2018 99/6 Chennai – 600 114. 45 Tmt. D. Banu, 149/2A(P), 150, W/o. Duraisamy, 11.01.2018 115/Q3/2017 151/1A, 1B, 2, 3, No.1/6, Bajanaikoil Street, Sriperumbudur Panrutti 4.68.50 To dated 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, Panrutti Village, 10.01.2023 11.01.2018 6B, 4A Sriperumbudur Tk, 46 K. Vasan S/o. C. Kanniyappan , 21.02.2018 105/Q3/2017 122/1B3A, No.66/74, Senkazhani Uthiramerur Alanjeri 0.93.10 To dated 122/1B4A2 yamman koil street, 20.02.2018 21.02.2018 , Ch - 91. 47 S. Vaithialingam S/o. Sivaganapathy 314/6B, 314/7A, 22.02.2018 664/Q3/2016 subramaniam, No.13, First Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 314/7B, 314/8, 1.08.00 To dated street, Swamy Nagar Extn - 314/10 21.02.2023 21.02.2018 1, Ullagaram, Chennai - 91. 48 S. Murugesan, S/o. Swaminathan, 324/4A,4B1, 4B2, 09.05.2018 335/Q3/2017 No.1/52, Palaiyur, Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 5, 6, 7A, 8B, 10A, 3.11.0 To dated Aalangudi Taluk, 10C, 11 327/2, 3A 08.05.2023 09.05.2018 Pudhukottai Dist. 49 N.Kanniappan, 15.06.2018 320/3A, 3B, 4, 1A, 781/2016/Q3 Neerkundram village, Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 2.41.00 To 332/1B, /2 dated15.06.2018 Uthiramerur Taluk 14.06.2023 50 B. Vijayakumar S/o. P. Balchamy, 16.06.2018 845/2017/Q3 317/2, 318/1, No.8A, Duraisamy Pillai Sriperumbudur Vadamangalam 0.69.5 To dated 318/2 Street, West Tambaram, 15.06.2023 16.06.2018 Chennai 600 045 - 51 N.Murugan, 16.06.2018 846/2017/Q3 S/o. Nagan, No.3, Navasi Sriperumbudur Vadamangalam 291/1, 291/2 0.36.5 To dated Street, Thiruneermalai, 15.06.2023 16.06.2018 Ch-44 52 S. Dharmaraj s/o. Sitrambala Reddiyar, 359/1, 359/2, 16.06.2018 847/2017/Q3 No.2A, Mundalapuram, Sriperumbudur Vadamangalam 360/2B, 360/4B, 2.34.5 To dated Ondipulinayakkanur, 361/2B 15.06.2023 16.06.2018 Muthulapuram, Virudhunagar 626 119. 53 S. Ravisundar, S/o. Sandhiyagu, 308, 309/1, 309/2, 16.06.2018 1100/2017/Q3 No.1, 1178-A, 1st street, Sriperumbudur Vadamangalam 309/3, 309/4A, 1.62.5 To dated Bethel Nagar, 309/4B 15.06.2023 16.06.2018 Injampakkam, Ch - 115 54 S. Ravisundar, S/o. Sandhiyagu, 16.06.2018 1101/2017/Q3 28/3, 28/5, 28/6, No.1, 1178-A, 1st street, Sriperumbudur Mambakkam 2.39.5 To dated 88/1 Bethel Nagar, 15.06.2023 16.06.2018 Injampakkam, Ch - 115 55 S. Dharmaraj S/o Sitrambala Reddiyar, 16.06.2018 1102/2017/Q3 No.2A, South Street, Sriperumbudur Mambakkam 27/7, 31/1 0.56.0 To dated Mundalapuram, 15.06.2023 16.06.2018 Ondipulinayakkanur, Virudhunagar.

56 K.Samiyappan, S/o Kandasamy, No.11, 3rd East Street, 30.06.2018 94/2018/Q3 Poonga Nagar, Walajabad Magaral 702/2 2.02.50 To dated Sothupakkam, 29.06.2023 30.06.2018 , Kancheepuram District. 57 Varun B. Patel, S/o. Sri Bailar B. Patel, 04.07.2018 40/Q2/2015 B 165, Greater Kailash Madurantakam Aanaikundram 1/1A2 (P) 4.50.00 To dated Part/1, 03.07.2018 04.07.2018 New Delhi – 110 048. 58 V.Chandran, 491/6A, 482/2A, S/o. V. Venkatesan, 483/2A, 2B, 3, 17.10.2018 1073/Q3/2017 No.5/68, VLS Office, Madurantakam Pakkam 482/2B, 480/4C2, 3.23.00 To dated Thalappathi Nagar, 4E, 481/2, 16.10.2023 17.10.2018 Venjambakkam, SP Koil, 491/6D, 6B Chengalpattu. 59 A. Kumar, S/o. Arumugam, 08.11.2018 406/Q3/2014 Kattangulam & 277/2B8A, 1/1A No.2, Bharathiyar St., MGR Uthiramerur 3.35.66 To dated Vendivakkam (P), 1/1B (P) Nagar, West Tambaram, 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 Chennai. 45 60 R. Anugraha Prasath S/o. Ramadoss 08.11.2018 600/Q2/2016 491/2, 495/1, No.7, Thirumanjana Veethi, Maduranthagam Pakkam 2.32.50 To dated 495/2, 494/1 Seerkazhi, Nagapattinam 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 District. 61 Tvl. DR & Sons, 08.11.2018 745/Q2/2017 Prop.R. Udhayarajan, Cheyyur Nerkunapattu 78/1, 78/2 1.39.0 To dated No.59, East Jones Road, 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 Saidapet, Chennai - 15 62 UGC Aravind, No.167, Periyar street, 08.11.2018 1302/Q2/2017 Undamancheery village, chengalpattu Unamancheery 324/1, 2, 2A, 2B 0.95.50 To dated Kolappakkam post, 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 Vandaloor, Chennai 27 63 UGC Aravind, 275/2A, 2B, 2C1, No.167, Periyar street, 08.11.2018 1303/Q2/2017 2C2A, 2C2B, Undamancheery village, chengalpattu Unamancheery 1.10.50 To dated 2C2C, 2D1, 3,4, 5, Kolappakkam post, 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 277/3 Vandaloor, Chennai 27 64 Tvl..Uma Blue Metals, 08.11.2018 60/Q3/2018 270/1, 270/2, Vettaikarakuppam, Kodur Cheyyur Akkinampet 3.20.00 To dated 272/4, 272/5A, Post, Cheyyur Taluk, 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 65 R. Selvendrakumar, 308/1,2 ,3A, 3B, S/o. Rajendiran, 08.11.2018 178/Q3/2018 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F, 5, No.2/4, Jothinagar main Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 2.92.50 To dated 6, 7A, 7B, 8, 9, road, Ekkattuthangal, 07.11.2023 08.11.2018 10A, 10B, 10C, 11 Chennai - 32 66 Tvl. Salem Mines Aggrigates, 19.11.2018 No.9, Rajarathinam Nagar, Thirukazhukundra 003/Q2/2018dat Kunnavakkam 176/1A 3.04.00 To Thiruneermalai road, m ed 19.11.2018 18.11.2023 Tambaram West, Chennai - 45 67 J.Vivekananthan, S/o. Jaganathan, 127/1, 128/1, 21.11.2018 324/Q3/2018 Keelmaruthankulam, Thiruperumbudur Maganyam 134/1, 134/2, 1.45.50 To dated Govindamangalam Taluk, 136/2 20.11.2023 21.11.2018 – 623 401.

68 S.Sundramoorthy 329/4A,4B,7, 8,9, S/o. Srinivasan, No.339, 338/2 , 3 , 4, 29.11.2018 322/Q3/2018 Mettu street, Anjur Village, Walajabad Pazhayaseevaram 337/2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3.28.00 To dated Walajabad Taluk, 8B, 9, 10, 11, 12, 28.11.2023 29.11.2018 Kancheepuram District - 14,17. 631 605. 69 S. Karunanidhi, S/o. Sadaiyan, 694/3A, 3D, 3G, 29.11.2018 323/Q3/2018 No.171, Thottangulam 3L, 3C, 3K, 3M, Walajabad Magarl - B 3.15.00 To dated Village, Walajabad Taluk, 683, 684/1, 2, 28.11.2023 29.11.2018 Kancheepuram District - 694/3B, 3J. 631603. 70 D. Sarathkumar, S/o. Devu, 20.12.2018 79/Q3/2018 No.5/265, Annai Therasa 325/4, 109/1A1, Uthiramerur Sirudhamur 3.01.50 To dated Street, Prem nagar, 109/1A2 19.12.2023 20.12.2018 Pozhichaloor, Chennai- 74. 71 S. Rathnavelu, S/o.R. Sivaswamy, 23.01.2019 195/Q3/2018 Old No. 44 new no.2/33, Walajabad Magarl - B 700/1(P), 700/2 2.34.50 To dated Bhuvaneswari Nagar, Ist 22.01.2024 23.01.2019 street, Gowrivakkam, Chennai - 73. 72 R. Sumathi, 200/2D, 200/3B, 26.01.2019 371/Q3/2018 W/o. R. Rajendiran, Uthiramerur Peranakkavur 200/4E, 201/1, 2.40.00 To dated No.35, (old No.88), 201/2 25.01.2024 26.01.2019 Rajaji Street, Chengalpattu Table no. 3. Stone quarry leases in Patta Lands of Kanchipuram District.

EXISTING STONE QUARRY LEASES (PORAMBOKE LAND)

Area granted on lease Sl. Name of the lesses and Lease Period Proceedings No No Address Extent (in Taluk Village S.No. hectres) 1 C.G. Govardhan, No.23 Uthiramerur Siruthamur 159 5.0 19.07.2006 1244 /2003 / Q3 Gandhi Street, (Part) 0.0 to dated 19.07.2006 , Chennai 64 18.07.2016 2 D. Prabhavathy. S/o. Chengalpattu Keerapakkam 99 (Part) 5.0 02.05.2007 41 / 2003 / Q3 Durairaj, No.17A, Vadivel 0.0 to dated Street, Hindusthan Colony, 01.05.2017 02.05.2007 , Chennai 75. 3 Thilagavathy, W/o. A. Thalakanancheri 139 2.2 26.05.2015 1817/2015/Q1 Ramachandran, 1/159, (Part) 0.0 to dated , 24.07.2015 26.05.2015 Tirusoolam, Chennai W.P. No.25882 / 2010 / dated 14.06.2012 Table no. 4 Stone quarry leases in Porembokke Lands of Kanchipuram District.

SILICA SAND

Sl. Name and address of Taluk Village SF.No. Extent in hect. G.O.No./ District Lease period the lessee Poram Collector Proc. Rc. No. Patta Total No. boke and dt. 1 Mohan Brewaries, Cheyyur Kadukkalur, 404/43, 3.24.0 - 3.24.0 DGM.No.4337/ MM- 03.4.00 to Pondicherry. 1/99 dt.19.1.2000. 2.4.2020. 407/2A,

201/F 2 S.Kumar, Cheyyur Kappivakkam 217/3B 1.30.0 - 1.30.0 DGM.NO.3694/MM 3 21.8.2002

E-Anna Road, Block- 2002/dt.1.8.02. to 20.8.2022 24, Neyvel-607 801 3. A.M.Thomas, Cheyyur Vembanur, 328/2B, 2.41.5 - 2.41.5 DGM.Rc.8843/MM 5.12.2002 9/60,Cheran St, Paari 3/02 dt.20.11.02. Nagar, Chennai-83 2E, to 4.12.2022

330/2 4. Amman Mines, 6/1, Cheyyur Kottaikadu, 34/11, 1.28.5 - 1.28.5 DGM.Rc.1062/MM 3/02 22.11.04 Sugam plats, dt.6.8.2004. 31/4 to 21.11.24 2nd Main Road, , etc., Chennai-8. 5 Amman Mines, 6/1, Cheyyur Karumarapakkam 29/3, 4 DGM.Rc.1061/MM 22.11.04 Sugam plats, 3/2002 dt.23.7.04. etc., 1.73.5 - 1.73.5 to 21.11.24 2nd Main Road, Adambakkam, Chennai-8. 6 M.Mani, No.1, Cheyyur Kadukkalur 372/1B, 1.34.5 - 1.34.5 DGM.Rc.4436/MM 3/05 8.3.2006 dt.21.11.05. JalagandarVinay 1C, 4A, to 7.3.2026. arkoil Street, Pondicherry. 373/4B, 7 Tmt.K.Jayanthi, Cheyyur Kottaikadu 31/1,2, 1.80.5 - 1.80.5 DGM.Rc.4435/MM 9.3.2006

to 08.03.2026 Table no. 5. Sand mine leases of Kanchipuram District. The details of the leases are also given in Annexure-1 III. Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years The details of the revenue received for the last three years are given in the Annexure 2, 3 & 4. IV. Details of production of Sand or Bajari or miner mineral There is no lease quarry for sand of Bajari in Kanchipuram District. Year wise production of minor and major minerals during last three years is given in the Annexures 2, 3 & 4.

V. Processes of deposition of sediments in the rivers of the district

Deposition is the processes where material being transported by a river is deposited. Deposition occurs when a river loses energy. This can be when a river enters a shallow area (this coud be when it floods and comes into contact with the flood plain) or towards its mouth where it meets another body of water.

Rivers flood on a regular basis. The area over which they flood is known as the floodplain and this often coincides with regions where meanders form. Meanders support the formation of flood plains through lateral erosion.

When rivers flood the velocity of water slows. As the result of this the river's capacity to transport material is reduced and deposition occurs. This deposition leaves a layer of sediment across the whole floodplain. After a series of floods layers of sediment form along the flood plain.

Larger material and the majority of deposition occurs next to the river channel. This is the result of increased friction (with the flood plain) causing the velocity of the river to slow and therefore rapidly reduce its ability to transport material. This leaves a ridge of higher material next to the river channel on both banks of the river known as a levee.

Fig no. 2. Process of deposition of river material.

In Kanchipuram district, Palar and Cheyyar are the important rivers. The drainage pattern in general is sub-dendritic and radial. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows during monsoon period. River Palar, a major river course, which drains this district originates from Western Ghats in Karnataka state, and discharges in Bay of Bengal near Pudupattinam. The Cheyyar, a tributary of Palar originates from the Jawadu Hills of . It has a northeasterly flow in Kancheepuram district and confluences with the Palar near Pazhaiyaseevaram. Other seasonal river like Korattalaiar and Tandiar drain this district partly on the northern and southern part respectively

Fig. No. 3. Google imagery of Palar River basin, Kanchipuram district.

VII. General profile of the District The district is situated on the Northern side of east coast of Tamil Nadu. It is bounded on the east by Bay of Bengal, Chennai City and Thiruvallur District on the north, Vellore and Thiruvannamalai Districts on the west and Villupuram District and Union territory of Puducherry on the south. It lies between 11° 00' to 12° 00’ North latitudes and 77° 28' to 78° 50' East longitudes. The district has a total geographical area of 4433 Sq. Kms and coastline of 87.2 Kms.

Kancheepuram district generally experiences hot and humid climatic conditions. The district receives the rain under the influence of both southeast and northeast monsoons. High relative humidities between 58 and 84% prevail throughout the year. Relative humidity is maximum in the morning and minimum in the evening. Higher rates of relative humidity are observed between November and January i.e., 83 to 84%. In the months of June, the humidity is lower i.e., around 58%. Average relative humidity in the morning and evening 74 and 64%. The minimum and maximum temperature are 20°C & 37°C. The daytime heat is oppressive and the temperature is as high as 43°C. The district has a reserved forest of 23855.84 Hectares. Cashew is the only major forest produce. Total out-turn cashew in 2010-11 was 5.282 Tonnes.

Other statistics of the district is given below:

S.No Particular Unit Statistics 1 Geographical features

(A) Geographical Data i) Latitude 11.00’ - 12.00’ ii) Longitude 77.28’& 78.50’ iii) Geographical Area Hectares 4,43,210 (B) Administrative Units

i) Sub divisions 3

ii) Tehsils/Taluks 10

iii) Revenue Firkas 55

iv) Blocks 13

v) Town Panchayats 24

vi) Village Panchayats 648

vii) Municipalities 10

xi) Revenue villages 1214

2. Population (2011) (A) Sex-wise

i) Male Nos. 2010309

ii) Female 1980588

(B) Rural Population Nos. 1453072

(36.41%) 3. Agriculture A. Land utilization

i) Total Area Hectare 443210.000

ii) Forest cover “ 23855.840

iii) Non Agriculture Land “ 147350.195

v) cultivable Barren “ 11007.989

land 4. Forest

(i) Forest Ha. 23855.840

5. Livestock, Poultry & Fisheries A. Cattle

. i) Cattle Nos. 621651

ii) Buffaloes Nos. 154434

i) Goats Nos. 389190

ii) Sheep 308342

iii) Poultry 1232833

iv) Milk Production 235.529

v)Egg Production Lakh Nos 630.436

vi)Fish Catch – Inland Tonne 7948.54

Marine Railways, Roads, Communication, health and Education a. Railways i) Length of rail Kms 221Kms line (a) National Highway Kms 317

(b) State Highway Kms 2700.120

(c) Corporation Kms 1082.717 & Municipal Roads (d) Panchayat Union & Kms 4757.412 Panchayat Roads (e) Town Panchayat Kms 363.560 Roads Table. No. 6 Other statistics of Kanchipuram District In Kanchipuram district, the bovine population is high in the District and therefore, the Meat gravy concentrate industry having bright future here. The District has achieved self-sufficiency in the milk production and the surplus milk can be used to produce dairy products. The fruit-based nutritious beverages are gaining popularity and are in good demand in urban areas. There is good scope for the units like mango pickles, Soft drinks, Chocolates and Chutneys. There is a good demand for dried fish, fish meal, dried shrimp, canned shrimp and frozen shrimp in domestic as well as export market. There is good scope for exporting these products to countries like Spain, Japan, Australia, Italy, Belgium, Hongkong, U.K. U.S.A. Lanka, Saudi.

The Rain Water Harvesting Structures with public participation has begun to show results. The important rivers in the District are Palar, Cheyyar and Vegavathi. Maduranthagam, Thenneri, Damal, Kolavai Sriperumpudhur, Uthiramerur, Pillaipakkam and Sembaranmpakkam are the few lakes in the Distric The District leads in the production of fruits Vegetables and flowers in the State. The major horticultural crops are Mango and Cashew Banana. It has been proposed to set up a Mini Flower Auction Centre at near Chennai Airport at a cost of Rs.15.00 crores to cater to the needs of flower growers to market their produce both in domestic and international markets. Kattankulathur, St. Thomas Mount, Kundrathur and Walajabad are the blocks where the potentials can be exploited by undertaking agro/food processing activities. The Kanchipuram District is rich in fish resources. Potential for exploitation of marine fisheries in the District is high with the coastal line of 87.2 Km. The District has two large scale car production units with foreign collaboration at Sriperumbudur (HYUNDAI) and at Maraimalainagar (FORD) and the giant glass- manufacturing unit of Saint Gobain Glass factory near Sriperumbudur providing employment to many people, besides number of ancillary units. The dispersal of SSI units reveals that the concentration of SSI units is in St. Thomas Mount, Kanchipuram and Kattankulathur Blocks. The major Khadi Industries include Cotton and Polyester khadhi, Silk and woolen units are in Kanchipuram District. More than 5,000 families are engaged in silk industry and their spectacular creations are marketed by a number of co- operative society. Kanchipuram District is serving by 33 railway stations and 233 Kms. of the total route length, shared by broad gauge (139 Kms) and meter gauge (94 Kms). Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), has developed comprehensive technology for industrial operations in fuel reprocessing and waste management. The range of activities promoted by the Industrial Estates are vast - while Dr. Vikram Sarabai Estate at houses electronic industries, the Alathur Industrial Estate houses pharmaceutical industries and the Thirumidivakkam industrial estate houses leather products and finished leather. A considerable number of granite polishing units are concentrated in Echambakkam, Sembarambakkam, Chenglepattu and Madurantakam areas. Under the control of Industries department 8 cooperative societies are functioning and the Irula cooperative society has unique feature (Snake- antivenium production centre).

The District provides enough scope for the development and growth of industries engaged in Textiles Garments, Leather Products, Granites, Silk Alloy castings, Machine Tools and Automobile products

Kanchipuram is a world-renowned silk city. Silk weaving in the handloom sector is clustered in and around Kanchipuram, which is famous for silk sarees. Kanchipuram's exquisite silk sarees are woven from pure mulberry silk in contrasting colours and have an enviable reputation for texture, lustre, durability and finish.The District has well developed silk and handloom weaving industries in the co-operative sector.

VIII. Land utilisation pattern in the district Kancheepuram Local Planning Area covers Kancheepuram Municipal area along with 33 villages. Kancheepuram municipality is a selection grade Municipality. Other than this there is only one selection grade Town Panchayat (ie.Sevilimedu). The total extent of the Local Planning Area is 8349.17 Hectares of which the developed area is 2082. 05 Hectares. In between the railway line and Vegavathi river thickly residential and commercial area are existing and also small and big temples are situated. The northern and southern parts of the Local Planning area are mostly covered by valuable agricultural lands.

Soils have been classified into 1) clayey soil, 2) red sandy or red loamy soil 3) Red sandy brown clayey soil and 4) Alluvial soil. Of the above soils brown clayey soil is the most predominant, covering more than 71 percent of the areal extent of Kancheepuram district. Alluvial soils are found on the banks of Palar, Cheyyar and other rivers. The river alluvium is transported and is seen in coastal area of this district. Sandy coastal alluvial (arenacious soil) occurs along the seacoast as a narrow belt.

Alluvial soils are found on the banks of Palar, Cheyyar and other rivers. The river alluvium is transported and is seen in coastal area of this district. Sandy coastal alluvial (arenacious soil) occurs along the seacoast as a narrow belt.Soils have been classified into 1) clayey soil, 2) red sandy or red loamy soil 3) Red sandy brown clayey soil and 4) Alluvial soil. The muddy-nature of the soil horizon indicates that during the recent past the area should have been a mud flat subjected to intertidal action and flooding during monsoon. Hence, the area can be classified as paleo-tidal flat. Evidences of tidal action comes from the occurrence of remains of gastropods and lamellibranches shells that are characteristic of marine and marginal marine environment. Increased sedimentation and development of sand bar in the creek that connects

the tidal zone with sea has stopped seawater interaction and the area has now prograded with periodical rains decreasing the salinity of the soil

Fig. No. 4. Soil map of Kanchipuram District (Source: NBBSSLUP) IX.Physiography of the district The major part of the area is characterized by an undulating topography with innumerable depressions, which are used as irrigation tanks. The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of satellite imagery are i) Chingleput- Tirukkalukkunram Surface (Erosional) ii) Palar Surface (fluvial and iii) Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) surface (Marina) etc. Palar and Cheyyar are the important rivers. The drainage pattern in general is sub-dendritic and radial. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows during monsoon period. River Palar, a major river course, which drains this district originates from Western Ghats in Karnataka state, and discharges in Bay of Bengal near Pudupattinam. The Cheyyar, a tributary of Palar originates from the Jawadu Hills of Tiruvannamalai district. It has a northeasterly flow in Kancheepuram district and confluences with the Palar near Pazhaiyaseevaram.

Other seasonal river like Korattalaiar and Tandiar drain this district partly on the northern and southern part respectively. All the rivers are seasonal and carry substantial flows during monsoon period. The elevation of the area ranges from 100 m amsl in the west to a sea level in the east. Three beach terraces ranging in elevation between 4 mark the coastal tract and 12 m with broad inter terrace depressions. The coastal plain displays a fairly low level or gently rolling surface and only slightly elevated above the local water surfaces on rivers. The straight trend of the coastline is a result of development of a vast alluvial plain. There are a number of sand dunes in the coastal tract. The coastal landforms include estuarine tidal, mud flats or lagoons and salt marsh etc

Fig no. 5. Drainage map of Kanchipuram District

Fig no.6 Geomorphology and geohydrology map of Kanchipuram District

X. Rainfall month‐wise Most of the precipitation in the Kancheepuram distric occurs in the form of cyclonic storm caused due to the depressions in Bay of Bengal chiefly during northeast monsoon period. The southwest monsoon rainfall is highly erratic and summer rains are negligible. The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from 1105 mm to 1214mm. It is the minimum in the western and northwestern parts of the district around Uttiramerur (1105 mm) and it is the maximum around Kovalam (1214.2 mm).

The district receives the rain under the influence of both southeast and northeast monsoons. Most of the precipitation occurs in the form of cyclonic storm caused due to the depressions in Bay of Bengal chiefly during northeast monsoon period. The southwest monsoon rainfall is highly erratic and summer rains are negligible.

The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from 1105 mm to 1214mm. It is the minimum in the western and northwestern parts of the district around Uttiramerur (1105 mm) and it is the maximum around Kovalam (1214.2 mm).

High relative humidities between 58 and 84% prevail throughout the year. Relative humidity is maximum in the morning and minimum in the evening. Higher rates of relative humidity are observed between November and January i.e., 83 to 84%. In the months of June,

the humidity is lower i.e., around 58%. Average relative humidity in the morning and evening 74 and 64%.

Rainfall Average Normal Onset Normal Cessation (specify (mm) week and month) ( specify week and month)

SW monsoon (June-Sep): 462 1st Week of June 4th week of October

NE Monsoon(Oct-Dec): 697 Ist week of October 4th Week of December

Winter (Jan- March) 49 - -

Summer (Apr-May) 120 - -

Annual 1420 - - Table. 7. Rainfall data of Kanchipuram District.

Month wise rainfall data of the Kanchipuram district is given below:

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2010 4.7 0.1 0 0 191.1 120.2 146 195.1 107.5 165.6 224.2 263.7 2011 11.8 41.8 0 19.4 10 118 85.6 330.5 235.5 241.1 447.3 147.5 2012 17 0 0.5 0 0 21.2 67.3 94.5 164 394.3 39.2 134.4 2013 0 16.9 25.1 1.9 1.8 40.3 154.7 194.8 210 195.4 174.4 93.7 2014 1.02 0 0 0 4.31 103.64 32.02 88.64 29.72 103.12 29.22 123.45 Table. 8. Rainfall data for five years of Kanchipuram District.

Fig. no. 7. Graphical representation of monthly rainfall data.

XI. Geology and Mineral wealth of the district

An outline on Geology of Tamil Nadu Geologically, Tamil Nadu chiefly comprises Archaean hard rocks formation except along the coast belt where marine sedimentary formations belonging to Cretaceous and Tertiary ages, covered by recent alluvium, are found to occur. Mineral occurrences of different origin have been recorded in all these formations. Archaean rocks mostly consist of Gneisses, Schists and Charnockites. The notable geological formation found in Tamil Nadu is formation belonging to Tertiary age. These formations are found to have plant fossils. Besides this, the occurrences of Upper Gondwana formation also noticed near Sriperumbudur (close to Chennai) and Satyavedu (A.P. State). These are composed mainly of white to pink clays, shale and felspathic sandstone. Geological map of Tamilnadu and Puducherry is given below:

Fig. No. 8 Geological map of Tamil Nadu. (Source:Misc.Pub. 30, GSI, Chennai)

Geology of Kanchipuram District

Tentative Stratigraphy of the area:

Age Formation Group Rock Types Recent to Late Fluvial/Marine Pleistocene Laterite Quartz conglomerate singles Early to middle (Conjeevaram gravels) Pleistocene Calcareous Gritty Sandstone and clay Mio Pliocene Cuddalore Sandstone Cainozoic Cainozoic Mesozic Lower Sriperambudur Sandstone/Shale/Conglomerate Cretaceous Paleozoic Permian Talchir Lower Khaki Green Gondwana Shale/Conglomerate/Sandstone Younger Basic Dyke Intrusives Migmatite Migmatite Gneiss Complex Archaean Charnockite Magnetite Quartzite Pyroxene Granulite Charnockite Khondalite Garnet Sillimanite Gneiss

The Kanchipuram area is endowed with a complex geological set up with crystalline rocks occurring in the southern part of the area and the northern part of the area the crystalline rocks occur at depths covered by sedimentary formations ranging from Gondwana to Recent. The depth at which the crystalline rocks occur progressively increase towards north. The sedimentary cover sequence is named as Palar basin and the thickness of the sediments is as high as 300 m in the northern part. The eastern part comprises unconsolidated sediments of fluvio-marine and marine origin. The Precambrian crystalline rocks are

represented by charnockites and contain several enclaves mafic granulite. Garnetiferous biotite gneisses, leptinites and banded magnetite quartzites are also encountered as linear bands. Intrusion of dolerite dykes are also found.

GEOLOGY:

The area exposes crystalline rocks of Archaean age and sedimentary rocks of Gondwana Supergroup and the Cuddalore Formation belonging to Mio-Pliocene age. A gravel and shingle bed locally known as Kanjeevaram Gravels belong to the Pliocene to lower Pleistocene age. The laterite and alluvium are related to Quatemary age.

The Archaean rocks are represented by Khondalite Group, Charnockite Group and Migmatite complex. Garnet sillimanite gneiss is well exposed in the northeastern part of the district in Pachchamalai hill at Chrompet, Parangimalai and southeast of Pallavaram. In Pachchamalai hill it is essentially a quartz sillimanite rich rock with minor amount of felspar. In Tambaram hill, chamockite and metapellite are intimately interbanded, particularly along the hinge zones. Isolated outcrops are also seen on either side of National Highway No.45 near . The major part of the district is occupied by charnockite with enclaves of khondalite, leptynite and BMQ seen around St. Thomas Mount, east of , Madurantakam, Paler and around Tirukkalukkunram. St. Thomas mount is an extensively studied type area for the chamockite. It is a typical rock with bluish grey quartz, hard and compact, jointed showing recognisable foliation at places. The outcrop stands out prominently as isolated cluster of hills.

The area in and around Pallavaram, Tambaram and Pulikaradu contain several bands of pyroxene granulite. The chamockite is traversed by narrow dolerite dykes which stand out prominently as dark low ridges and seen for a few metres.

The lower Gondwana sediments (Talchirs) overlie the Archaean rocks unconformably and are seen to the northeast and south of Paler river preserved in the trough faults and comprise boulder beds, dirty white to light green, greyish yellow fine sandstone, siltstone with clasts of rock fragments and khaki green to greenish grey shales.

Mineral occurrences in Kanchipuram District

MINERAL WEALTH:

Clays (white, grey and buff coloured) associated with the shales and sandstone of upper Gondwana formation are reported from Kannantangal, south of Kunnan, Kuttarambakkam and Mambakkam. Moulding sands (grey, white and glass sands) and salt are known to occur at Kokkilimedu, Vadapattanam and Muthukadu. Ochre and red oxide are locally mined around Mambakkam and Sirumangadu.

Estimated Availability of Mineral resources S.NO. NAME OF MINERAL Estimated Availability (in m.t.) 1. Silica Sand 6,00,000 2. White Clay 5,00,000 3. Black Granite 3,75.000 4. Stone 75,00,000 5. Sand 45,00,000

Table. No. 9. Mineral resources of Kanchipuram District. (Source: - Dept. of mines & geology)

Fig. No. 9 Resource map of Kanchipuram District.

Charnockite is applied to any orthopyroxene-bearing quartz-feldspar rock, composed mainly of quartz, perthite or antiperthite and orthopyroxene (usually hypersthene) formed at high temperature and pressure, commonly found in granulite facies metamorphic regions, as an end-member of the charnockite series.

Charnockite is extensively quarried for rough stone which is used as blue metals for construction of building, laying roads and for preparation of hollow bricks. In some places, charnockite is used as grinder stone. Charnockite is exposed as discontinuous body in ENE- WSW direction from Karanampettai in the west to Unjappalayam in the east and from Pallapalaiyam in the north to Kodanipalayam-Sukkampalayam in the south. More than 50 quarries are located in Kodangipalayam and Itchipatti areas. An isolated charnockite body is exposed for a length of 4kw with 1to 1.5 km wide from Sedarpalayam-Morattupalayam in the north to Velliyampalayam-Sarkar Periyapalayam in the south. Active quarries are located in Timmanayakkanpalayam, Govindampalayam and A.Periyapalayam.

Charnockite is very well exposed in NW Madathukulam area of Udumalai taluk. East- west trending rock is available for more than 5 km length with 2 km width. Active quarries are located in this area for rough stone i.e. for construction material.

River sand Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e. a soil containing more than 85% sand- sized particles by mass.

The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz. The second most common type of sand is calcium carbonate, for example aragonite, which has mostly been created, over the past half billion years, by various forms of life, like coral and shellfish. For example, it is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years like the Caribbean.

Silt Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. Silt may occur as a soil (often mixed with sand or clay) or as sediment mixed in suspension with water (also known as a suspended load) and soil in

a body of water such as a river. It may also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water body, like mudflows from landslides. Silt has a moderate specific area with a typically non- sticky, plastic feel. Silt usually has a floury feel when dry, and a slippery feel when wet. Silt can be visually observed with a hand lens.

Fig. No. 1 Charnockite quarry, Umanancherry Village, Fig. No. 2 Charnockite quarry, PinayurVillage, Chengalpattu Taluk. (N 12°51ˈ02.67˝ & E 80°06ˈ49.96˝) Uthiramerur Taluk. (N 12°44ˈ59.62˝ & E 79°52ˈ45.20˝)

Fig. No. 3 Charnockite quarry, Palayaseevaram Village, Fig. No. 4 Sulphide mineralization WalajabadTaluk. (N 12°47ˈ59.70˝ & E 79°52ˈ47.06˝) Mamandur Village, (N 12°39ˈ22.34˝ & E 79°57ˈ7.58˝)

Fig. No. 5 Charnockite from Mahabalipuram, Fig. No. 6 Silt mine from Sembarambakkam Village, Kanchipuram District. (N 12°37ˈ36.94˝ & E 80°11̍ 33.76˝ ) Kanchipuram District. (N 13°00ˈ40.79˝ & E 80°01̍ 32.76˝ )

Fig. No. 7 Silt mine from Sembarambakkam Village, Kanchipuram District. (N 13°00ˈ40.79˝ & E 80°01̍ 32.76˝ )

Fig. No. 8 Palar River Basin, Palayaseevaram Village, Fig. No. 9 Silica Sand Mine, Palambakkam Village, Kanchipuram District. (N 12°46ˈ7.88˝ & E 79°51̍ Kanchipuram District. (N 12°19ˈ26.17˝ & E 80°01̍ 18.60˝) 58.08˝)

Fig. No. 10 Silica Sand Mine, Palambakkam Village, Kanchipuram District. (N 12°14ˈ53.85˝ & E 80°57̍ 09.29˝)

XII. Conclusion and Recommendations District Survey Report was prepared within a short span of time. The details related to occurrence of mineral resources and other data of district are subject to updation from time to time. Before granting of lease, parameters related to geosciences and sustainable developments are to be considered. Geoscience and sustainable development consists physical conditions and social and cultural conditions.

Physical conditions constitute mostly the abiotic attributes of the environment such as the earth material, minerals, soils, water, landforms, air that together affect growth and development of man. The social and cultural conditions include environmental parameters such as the ethics, economics, aesthetics, etc. which affect the behavior of individuals or a community.

Sand mining in the river bed may be avoided because deposition of sand is very less due to seasonal nature of the rivers. However, demands for sand for the developmental activities in the respective areas of district will lead to illicit mining. For sand mining, the following geomorphological parameters should strictly be followed if sand mining is unavoidable or warranted.

1. Inactive flood plains, terrace at higher level are preferable. 2. Active river beds/streams are to be avoided. 3. Course of the river should not be changed. 4. Mining activity should not go beyond the depth of water table of the areas. 5. Large rivers are preferred than small streams. 6. Mining at the concave side of the river channel should be avoided to prevent bank erosion. Similarly meandering segment of a river should be selected for mining in such a way as to avoid natural eroding banks and to promote mining on naturally aggrading meander parts.

Prolonged riverbed material mining in a given place of the river will induce seasonal scouring and intensify the erosion activity within the channel. This will have effect not only within the mining area but also both in upstream and downstream of the river course. Hence, effects of such scouring and enhanced erosion due to riverbed mining should be evaluated periodically and avoided for sustainable mining activities.

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT

CHENNAI

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT OF KANCHIPURAM DISTRICT

S.L. No. CONTENTS PAGE NO. I Introduction 1 II Overview of mining activity in the district 4 III List of mining leases in the district with location, area and period of 4 validity IV Details of royalty and revenue received in last three years 12 V Details of production of Sand or Bajari or minor minerals in last three 12 years VI Process of deposition of sediments in the rivers of the District 13 VII General profile of the district 14 VIII Land utilization pattern in the District. Forest, Agriculture, Horticulture, 18 Mining etc IX Physiography of the district 19 X Rainfall; Monthwise 21 XI Geology and mineral wealth 23 XII Conclusion and recommendations 30 XIII Annexure 1 XIV Annexure 2 XV Annexure 3 XVI Annexure 4