Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction
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Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction Good Practices and Lessons Learned A contribution to the “Making Cities Resilient” Campaign 2010 Cover photo: courtesy of Kyoto University, Japan Lo cal Governments and Disaster Risk Reduc tion 2010 UNISDR secretariat UNISDR Regional O ce Africa UNISDR Regional O ce Europe Local Governments Tel. :+41 22 917 8908/8907 [email protected] and Central Asia [email protected] www.unisdr.org/africa [email protected] www.unisdr.org www.unisdr.org/europe and Disaster Risk Reduction UNISDR Regional O ce Asia United Nations International and the Paci c UNISDR Regional O ce Arab States Strategy for Disaster Reduction [email protected] [email protected] Good Practices and Lessons Learned (UNISDR) www.unisdr.org/asiapaci c www.unisdr.org/arabstates A contribution to the “Making Cities Resilient” Campaign 2010 International Environment House II 7-9 Chemin de Balexert UNISDR Regional O ce The Americas CH-1219 Geneva [email protected] Switzerland www.eird.org Making Cities Resilient My City is Getting Ready III Cover photo: courtesy of Kyoto University, Japan Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction Published by the United Nations secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) Geneva, Switzerland, March 2010 © United Nations, 2010 - All rights reserved The information and opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNISDR secretariat. Any part of this text may be reproduced without permission provided that it is reproduced accurately and not in a misleading context and the source of the material is clearly acknowledged. The wide dissemination, reproduction and use of the document are encouraged. If any reproductions, translations or quotations are generated, a copy of the document or quotation is requested to be forwarded to the UNISDR secretariat. United Nations secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction 7-9, Chemin de Balexert CH-1219 Châtelaine Geneva, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Please send your feedback and suggestions to: Mr. Michele Cocchiglia Programme Officer, UNISDR secretariat E-mail: [email protected] http://www.unisdr.org Acknowledgements The UNISDR secretariat gratefully acknowledges the extensive contributions to this publication by many partner institutions and individuals within the UNISDR system. The idea of publishing this compilation of good practices emerged from a series of consultative meetings held with local governments throughout 2007-2009 in collaboration with the International Training Centre of the ILO and the UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation. The publication was seen as a contribution to the “Making Cities Resilient” Campaign 2010-2011. Special thanks are also extended to the Local Government Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction (LGA/DRR) and the Asia Regional Task Force on Urban Risk Reduction, which supported the identification of case studies during the initial stage. IV Good Practices and Lessons Learned Foreword As we begin the second decade of a new century, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities and urban centres. Urban settlements are the lifelines of today’s society. They serve as nations’ economic engines, centres of technology and innovation, and as living examples of our cultural heritage. But inherent in the important roles they play in society are the consequences of their success: cities can also generate new risks. These include the increasing number of informal settlements, social inequality and environmental degradation. The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction is a broad based coalition of organizations that work together to implement the Hyogo Framework for Action 2010-2015: Building the Resilience of Communities and Nations to Disasters. UNISDR is the secretariat of the Strategy, working with partners to raise awareness, increase commitment to sustainable development practices that can reduce disaster risk and increase the safety of citizens – to invest today for a safer tomorrow. ISDR partners are launching a new campaign in 2010 – Making Cities Resilient – to enhance awareness about the benefits of focusing on sustainable urbanization to reduce disaster risks. This publication is the result of such a partnership. UNISDR, together with the International Training Centre of the ILO and the UNDP South-South Cooperation Unit collaborated in collecting these illustrative examples of how local governments and cities have gained experience in reducing disaster risk. In the coming months UNISDR and its partners will continue to collect, document and share good practice on how to make our cities more resilient. We will continue to serve local governments and citizens through contributing to innovative ways to learn and develop sustainable urban communities, safe from disasters. Denis Nkala Helena Molin-Valdes Antonio Graziosi Chief Deputy Director Director of Training Programmes Regional South-South Unit for Asia Pacific United Nations International Strategy International Training Center of the ILO UNDP Regional centre in Bangkok for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) V Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction VI Good Practices and Lessons Learned Table of contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. IV Foreword .............................................................................................................................................. V Executive summary ............................................................................................................................VIII The case studies ................................................................................................................................. IX Bangladesh The Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme: Empowering local governments ................. 1 Ministry of Food and Disaster Management, Government of Bangladesh Canada The Ontario Provincial Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment ........................................................ 7 Government of Ontario El Salvador Strengthening connections between communities and local government ...........................................10 Oxfam America Fiji Beyond early warning and response: Risk-sensitive local development ..............................................14 UNDP Pacific Centre France Memo’Risks: Students survey community risk knowledge ......................................................................18 EP Loire Indonesia Many partners, one system: An integrated Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) for Jakarta ..........21 Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bandung Institute of Technology & Jakarta Provincial Government Indonesia The joint management of Merapi Volcano ....................................................................................................27 The National Agency for Disaster Management, Indonesia Japan Watch and learn: Children and communities study mountain and urban risks ...................................29 Saijo City Government Nepal Community-based poverty reduction for disaster risk reduction ...........................................................34 Practical Action Nepal Pakistan Institution-building and capacity building for local governments ..........................................................39 Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority of Pakistan (ERRA) Peru Empowering local government as leaders in disaster reduction and recovery ...................................44 UNDP Peru and Municipal Governments of Chincha, Pisco, Cañete and Ica Philippines A permanent provincial coordinating office for disaster risk reduction ................................................48 Provincial Government of Albay South Africa Developing and managing water resources ................................................................................................52 Overstrand Municipality Viet Nam Building local capacity and creating a local government network for cyclone risk ............................57 Development Workshop France & Commune Local Governments of Thua Thien Hue Incheon Declaration.............................................................................................................................62 VII Local Governments and Disaster Risk Reduction Executive summary Background Urban risk, city planning and the role of local governments in dealing with risk reduction have been recognized as key factors to build resilient communities and nations since the beginning of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 considers that both communities and local authorities should be empowered to manage and reduce disaster risk by having access to the necessary information, resources and authority to implement actions. Poor urban governance, informal settlements on unsafe land, declining ecosystems and vulnerable rural livelihoods are main underlying risk drivers, which need to be addressed to build safer cities. In response to the evident lack of a systemic approach to these issues, UNISDR has worked with partners in the ISDR system to build alliances with local government to promote disaster risk reduction at different levels. In 2005 the ISDR Inter-Agency Task Force recommended the 2010-2011 global awareness campaign to focus on urban risk issues and ‘Making Cities Resilient’. This campaign builds on previous years’ campaigns on disaster