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Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP
Hallucinogens - LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP Hallucinogenic compounds found in some • Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N- plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) dimethyltryptamine) is obtained from have been used—mostly during religious certain types of mushrooms that are rituals—for centuries. Almost all indigenous to tropical and subtropical hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are regions of South America, Mexico, and classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens the United States. These mushrooms have chemical structures similar to those of typically contain less than 0.5 percent natural neurotransmitters (e.g., psilocybin plus trace amounts of acetylcholine-, serotonin-, or catecholamine- psilocin, another hallucinogenic like). While the exact mechanisms by which substance. hallucinogens exert their effects remain • PCP (phencyclidine) was developed in unclear, research suggests that these drugs the 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic. work, at least partially, by temporarily Its use has since been discontinued due interfering with neurotransmitter action or to serious adverse effects. by binding to their receptor sites. This DrugFacts will discuss four common types of How Are Hallucinogens Abused? hallucinogens: The very same characteristics that led to • LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide) is the incorporation of hallucinogens into one of the most potent mood-changing ritualistic or spiritual traditions have also chemicals. It was discovered in 1938 led to their propagation as drugs of abuse. and is manufactured from lysergic acid, Importantly, and unlike most other drugs, which is found in ergot, a fungus that the effects of hallucinogens are highly grows on rye and other grains. variable and unreliable, producing different • Peyote is a small, spineless cactus in effects in different people at different times. -
MASCC/ESMO ANTIEMETIC GUIDELINE 2016 with Updates in 2019
1 ANTIEMETIC GUIDELINES: MASCC/ESMO MASCC/ESMO ANTIEMETIC GUIDELINE 2016 With Updates in 2019 Organizing and Overall Meeting Chairs: Matti Aapro, MD Richard J. Gralla, MD Jørn Herrstedt, MD, DMSci Alex Molassiotis, RN, PhD Fausto Roila, MD © Multinational Association of Supportive Care in CancerTM All rights reserved worldwide. 2 ANTIEMETIC GUIDELINES: MASCC/ESMO These slides are provided to all by the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and can be used freely, provided no changes are made and the MASCC and ESMO logos, as well as date of the information are retained. For questions please contact: Matti Aapro at [email protected] Chair, MASCC Antiemetic Study Group or Alex Molassiotis at [email protected] Past Chair, MASCC Antiemetic Study Group 3 ANTIEMETIC GUIDELINES: MASCC/ESMO Consensus A few comments on this guideline set: • This set of guideline slides represents the latest edition of the guideline process. • This set of slides has been endorsed by the MASCC Antiemetic Guideline Committee and ESMO Guideline Committee. • The guidelines are based on the votes of the panel at the Copenhagen Consensus Conference on Antiemetic Therapy, June 2015. • Latest version: March 2016, with updates in 2019. 4 ANTIEMETIC GUIDELINES: MASCC/ESMO Changes: The Steering Committee has clarified some points: 2016: • A footnote clarified that aprepitant 165 mg is approved by regulatory authorities in some parts of the world ( although no randomised clinical trial has investigated this dose ). Thus use of aprepitant 80 mg in the delayed phase is only for those cases where aprepitant 125 mg is used on day 1. • A probable modification in pediatric guidelines based on the recent Cochrane meta-analysis is indicated. -
The National Drugs List
^ ^ ^ ^ ^[ ^ The National Drugs List Of Syrian Arab Republic Sexth Edition 2006 ! " # "$ % &'() " # * +$, -. / & 0 /+12 3 4" 5 "$ . "$ 67"5,) 0 " /! !2 4? @ % 88 9 3: " # "$ ;+<=2 – G# H H2 I) – 6( – 65 : A B C "5 : , D )* . J!* HK"3 H"$ T ) 4 B K<) +$ LMA N O 3 4P<B &Q / RS ) H< C4VH /430 / 1988 V W* < C A GQ ") 4V / 1000 / C4VH /820 / 2001 V XX K<# C ,V /500 / 1992 V "!X V /946 / 2004 V Z < C V /914 / 2003 V ) < ] +$, [2 / ,) @# @ S%Q2 J"= [ &<\ @ +$ LMA 1 O \ . S X '( ^ & M_ `AB @ &' 3 4" + @ V= 4 )\ " : N " # "$ 6 ) G" 3Q + a C G /<"B d3: C K7 e , fM 4 Q b"$ " < $\ c"7: 5) G . HHH3Q J # Hg ' V"h 6< G* H5 !" # $%" & $' ,* ( )* + 2 ا اوا ادو +% 5 j 2 i1 6 B J' 6<X " 6"[ i2 "$ "< * i3 10 6 i4 11 6! ^ i5 13 6<X "!# * i6 15 7 G!, 6 - k 24"$d dl ?K V *4V h 63[46 ' i8 19 Adl 20 "( 2 i9 20 G Q) 6 i10 20 a 6 m[, 6 i11 21 ?K V $n i12 21 "% * i13 23 b+ 6 i14 23 oe C * i15 24 !, 2 6\ i16 25 C V pq * i17 26 ( S 6) 1, ++ &"r i19 3 +% 27 G 6 ""% i19 28 ^ Ks 2 i20 31 % Ks 2 i21 32 s * i22 35 " " * i23 37 "$ * i24 38 6" i25 39 V t h Gu* v!* 2 i26 39 ( 2 i27 40 B w< Ks 2 i28 40 d C &"r i29 42 "' 6 i30 42 " * i31 42 ":< * i32 5 ./ 0" -33 4 : ANAESTHETICS $ 1 2 -1 :GENERAL ANAESTHETICS AND OXYGEN 4 $1 2 2- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE DROPERIDOL ETHER FENTANYL HALOTHANE ISOFLURANE KETAMINE HCL NITROUS OXIDE OXYGEN PROPOFOL REMIFENTANIL SEVOFLURANE SUFENTANIL THIOPENTAL :LOCAL ANAESTHETICS !67$1 2 -5 AMYLEINE HCL=AMYLOCAINE ARTICAINE BENZOCAINE BUPIVACAINE CINCHOCAINE LIDOCAINE MEPIVACAINE OXETHAZAINE PRAMOXINE PRILOCAINE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION & SEDATION FOR 9*: ;< " 2 -8 : : SHORT -TERM PROCEDURES ATROPINE DIAZEPAM INJ. -
Analysis of Drugs Manual September 2019
Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Forensic Sciences Analysis of Drugs Manual September 2019 Date Posted: 10/23/2019 Analysis of Drugs Manual Revision: 4 Issue Date: September 5, 2019 Effective Date: September 9, 2019 Approved By: Nelson A. Santos Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 – QUALITY ASSURANCE ......................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 – EVIDENCE ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 93 CHAPTER 3 – FIELD ASSISTANCE .......................................................................... 165 CHAPTER 4 – FINGERPRINT AND SPECIAL PROGRAMS ..................................... 179 Appendix 1A – Definitions ........................................................................................... 202 Appendix 1B – Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................. 211 Appendix 1C – Instrument Maintenance Schedule ..................................................... 218 Appendix 1D – Color Test Reagent Preparation and Procedures ............................... 224 Appendix 1E – Crystal and Precipitate Test Reagent Preparation and Procedures .... 241 Appendix 1F – Thin Layer Chromatography................................................................ 250 Appendix 1G – Qualitative Method Modifications ........................................................ 254 Appendix 1H – Analytical Supplies and Services ........................................................ 256 Appendix 2A – Random Sampling Procedures -
Guidelines for the Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org Guidelines for the Forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts United Nations publication Printed in Austria ST/NAR/45 *1186331*V.11-86331—December 2011 —300 Photo credits: UNODC Photo Library, iStock.com/Abel Mitja Varela Laboratory and Scientific Section UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna Guidelines for the forensic analysis of drugs facilitating sexual assault and other criminal acts UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 ST/NAR/45 © United Nations, December 2011. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. Publishing production: English, Publishing and Library Section, United Nations Office at Vienna. List of abbreviations . v Acknowledgements .......................................... vii 1. Introduction............................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................ 1 1.2. Purpose and scope of the manual ...................... 2 2. Investigative and analytical challenges ....................... 5 3 Evidence collection ...................................... 9 3.1. Evidence collection kits .............................. 9 3.2. Sample transfer and storage........................... 10 3.3. Biological samples and sampling ...................... 11 3.4. Other samples ...................................... 12 4. Analytical considerations .................................. 13 4.1. Substances encountered in DFSA and other DFC cases .... 13 4.2. Procedures and analytical strategy...................... 14 4.3. Analytical methodology .............................. 15 4.4. -
Clinical Practice Guideline for Emergency Department Ketamine Dissociative Sedation: 2011 Update
PAIN MANAGEMENT/CONCEPTS Clinical Practice Guideline for Emergency Department Ketamine Dissociative Sedation: 2011 Update Steven M. Green, MD, Mark G. Roback, MD, Robert M. Kennedy, MD, Baruch Krauss, MD, EdM From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center and Children’s Hospital, Loma Linda, CA (Green); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (Roback); the Division of Emergency Medicine, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (Kennedy); and the Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Krauss). We update an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the administration of the dissociative agent ketamine for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia. Substantial new research warrants revision of the widely disseminated 2004 guideline, particularly with respect to contraindications, age recommendations, potential neurotoxicity, and the role of coadministered anticholinergics and benzodiazepines. We critically discuss indications, contraindications, personnel requirements, monitoring, dosing, coadministered medications, recovery issues, and future research questions for ketamine dissociative sedation. [Ann Emerg Med. 2011;xx:xxx.] 0196-0644/$-see front matter Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Emergency Physicians. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030 INTRODUCTION thalamocortical and limbic systems, effectively dissociating the The dissociative -
Medical Review Officer Manual
Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Center for Substance Abuse Prevention Medical Review Officer Manual for Federal Agency Workplace Drug Testing Programs EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 1, 2010 Note: This manual applies to Federal agency drug testing programs that come under Executive Order 12564 dated September 15, 1986, section 503 of Public Law 100-71, 5 U.S.C. section 7301 note dated July 11, 1987, and the Department of Health and Human Services Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs (73 FR 71858) dated November 25, 2008 (effective October 1, 2010). This manual does not apply to specimens submitted for testing under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Procedures for Transportation Workplace Drug and Alcohol Testing Programs (49 CFR Part 40). The current version of this manual and other information including MRO Case Studies are available on the Drug Testing page under Medical Review Officer (MRO) Resources on the SAMHSA website: http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov Previous Versions of this Manual are Obsolete 3 Table of Contents Chapter 1. The Medical Review Officer (MRO)........................................................................... 6 Chapter 2. The Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Form ................................................ 7 Chapter 3. Urine Drug Testing ...................................................................................................... 9 A. Federal Workplace Drug Testing Overview.................................................................. -
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level HISTORY 2158/13 Paper 1 World Affairs, 1917–1991 May/June 2014 2 hours 30 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper *9722304068* READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer five questions. Section A Answer at least one question from this Section. Sections B to F Answer questions from at least two of these Sections. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. The first part of each question is worth 14 marks and the last part is worth 6 marks. Answer each part of the questions chosen as fully as you can. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (LK) 90309 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over 2 Section A International Relations and Developments 1 Describe how the Treaty of Versailles: (a) changed the European borders of Germany; (b) brought Germany’s colonial empire to an end. How far do you agree that Germany was not treated fairly by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? 2 Describe the main features of: (a) Mussolini’s conquest of Abyssinia in 1935–36; (b) Hitler’s taking of Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938–39. -
Hygroscopicity of Pharmaceutical Crystals
HYGROSCOPICITY OF PHARMACEUTICAL CRYSTALS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY DABING CHEN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY RAJ SURYANARAYANAN (ADVISER) JANUARY, 2009 © Dabing Chen, January / 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to my thesis advisor, Prof. Raj Suryanarayanan, for his constant guidance, support, and encouragement throughout my research. Without his help, the completion of this thesis would be impossible. His friendship and advices are precious to my professional and personal growth and will help me overcome many difficulties in my future career. I would like to take the opportunity to thank Prof. David J.W. Grant, who was my advisor during the first three years in graduate school and led me into the research area of physical pharmacy. It was my great honor to have worked for him, and he will always live as a role model in my life. Many thanks to Dr. Zheng Jane Li at Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals (BI) for her invaluable advice as an industrial mentor and also for agreeing to serve on my committee. I sincerely appreciate her helpful discussions, revision of the manuscripts, and supervision of my research. I also want to thank her for providing me the internship opportunity at BI. I thank Dr. Timothy S. Wiedmann and Dr. Theodore P. Labuza for serving on my committee and for critically reviewing my thesis. I also want to thank Dr. Timothy S. Wiedmann for allowing me the use of the HPLC instruments in his lab and also for his advice as the Director of Graduate Studies. -
MSM Cross Reference Antihistamine Decongestant 20100701 Final Posted
MISSISSIPPI DIVISION OF MEDICAID Antihistamine/Decongestant Product and Active Ingredient Cross-Reference List The agents listed below are the antihistamine/decongestant drug products listed in the Mississippi Medicaid Preferred Drug List (PDL). This is a cross-reference between the drug product name and its active ingredients to reference the antihistamine/decongestant portion of the PDL. For more information concerning the PDL, including non- preferred agents, the OTC formulary, and other specifics, please visit our website at www.medicaid.ms.gov. List Effective 07/16/10 Therapeutic Class Active Ingredients Preferred Non-Preferred ANTIHISTAMINES - 1ST GENERATION BROMPHENIRAMINE MALEATE BPM BROMAX BROMPHENIRAMINE MALEATE J-TAN PD BROMSPIRO LODRANE 24 LOHIST 12HR VAZOL BROMPHENIRAMINE TANNATE BROMPHENIRAMINE TANNATE J-TAN P-TEX BROMPHENIRAMINE/DIPHENHYDRAM ALA-HIST CARBINOXAMINE MALEATE CARBINOXAMINE MALEATE PALGIC CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE CPM 12 CHLORPHENIRAMINE TANNATE ED CHLORPED ED-CHLOR-TAN MYCI CHLOR-TAN MYCI CHLORPED PEDIAPHYL TANAHIST-PD CLEMASTINE FUMARATE CLEMASTINE FUMARATE CYPROHEPTADINE HCL CYPROHEPTADINE HCL DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCL ALLERGY MEDICINE ALLERGY RELIEF BANOPHEN BENADRYL BENADRYL ALLERGY CHILDREN'S ALLERGY CHILDREN'S COLD & ALLERGY COMPLETE ALLERGY DIPHEDRYL DIPHENDRYL DIPHENHIST DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCL DYTUSS GENAHIST HYDRAMINE MEDI-PHEDRYL PHARBEDRYL Q-DRYL QUENALIN SILADRYL SILPHEN DIPHENHYDRAMINE TANNATE DIPHENMAX DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE -
Molecular Modeling of Major Tobacco Alkaloids in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Caren Kurgat, Joshua Kibet* and Peter Cheplogoi
Kurgat et al. Chemistry Central Journal (2016) 10:43 DOI 10.1186/s13065-016-0189-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Molecular modeling of major tobacco alkaloids in mainstream cigarette smoke Caren Kurgat, Joshua Kibet* and Peter Cheplogoi Abstract Background: Consensus of opinion in literature regarding tobacco research has shown that cigarette smoke can cause irreparable damage to the genetic material, cell injury, and general respiratory landscape. The alkaloid family of tobacco has been implicated is a series of ailments including addiction, mental illnesses, psychological disorders, and cancer. Accordingly, this contribution describes the mechanistic degradation of major tobacco alkaloids including the widely studied nicotine and two other alkaloids which have received little attention in literature. The principal focus is to understand their energetics, their environmental fate, and the formation of intermediates considered harmful to tobacco consumers. Method: The intermediate components believed to originate from tobacco alkaloids in mainstream cigarette smoke were determined using as gas-chromatography hyphenated to a mass spectrometer fitted with a mass selective detector (MSD) while the energetics of intermediates were conducted using the density functional theory framework (DFT/B3LYP) using the 6-31G basis set. Results: The density functional theory calculations conducted using B3LYP correlation function established that the scission of the phenyl C–C bond in nicotine and β-nicotyrine, and C–N phenyl bond in 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazole were respectively 87.40, 118.24 and 121.38 kcal/mol. The major by-products from the thermal degradation of nicotine, β-nicotyrine and 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazole during cigarette smoking are predicted theoretically to be pyridine, 3-methylpyridine, toluene, and benzene. -
Cannabigerol Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent in a Novel Combined Therapy for Glioblastoma
cells Article Cannabigerol Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent in a Novel Combined Therapy for Glioblastoma Tamara T. Lah 1,2,3,*, Metka Novak 1, Milagros A. Pena Almidon 4, Oliviero Marinelli 4 , Barbara Žvar Baškoviˇc 1, Bernarda Majc 1,3, Mateja Mlinar 1, Roman Bošnjak 5, Barbara Breznik 1 , Roby Zomer 6 and Massimo Nabissi 4 1 Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] (M.N.); [email protected] (B.Ž.B.); [email protected] (B.M.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (B.B.) 2 Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4 School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; [email protected] (M.A.P.A.); [email protected] (O.M.); [email protected] (M.N.) 5 Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] 6 MGC Pharmaceuticals d.o.o., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-41-651-629 Simple Summary: Among primary brain tumours, glioblastoma is the most aggressive. As early relapses are unavoidable despite standard-of-care treatment, the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) alone or in combination have been suggested as a combined treatment strategy for glioblastomas. However, the known psychoactive effects of THC hamper its medical applications in these patients with potential cognitive impairment due to the progression of the Citation: Lah, T.T.; Novak, M.; Pena Almidon, M.A.; Marinelli, O.; disease.