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Studi Atas Pemikiran Keagamaan Komaruddin

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Studi Atas Pemikiran Keagamaan Komaruddin TEOLOGI PLURALIS: STUDI ATAS PEMIKIRAN KEAGAMAAN KOMARUDDIN HIDAYAT Skripsi Diajukan ke Fakultas Ushuluddin Program Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Agama (S. Ag) Oleh: Mohammad Haris NIM: 11150331000010 PROGRAM STUDI AQIDAH DAN FILSAFAT ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2020 M LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya: Nama : Mohammad Haris NIM : 11150331000010 Program Studi : Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir : Sumenep, 26 Agustus 1995 Menyatakan bahwa: 1. Skripsi dengan judul “Teologi Pluralis: Studi Atas Pemikiran Keagamaan Komaruddin Hidayat” murni hasil karya sendiri yang diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat utama memperoleh gelar strata 1 (satu) di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Semua sumber rujukan yang saya gunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini telah saya cantumkan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 3. Jika kemudian hari terdapat bukti bahwa karya ini bukan hasil karya asli saya atau merupakan hasil jiplakan dari karya orang lain sebelumnya, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi yang berlaku di Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Ciputat, 26 April 2020 Mohammad Haris i TEOLOGI PLURALIS: STUDI ATAS PEMIKIRAN KEAGAMAAN KOMARUDDIN HIDAYAT Skripsi Diajukan ke Fakultas Ushuluddin Program Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Agama (S. Ag) Oleh: Mohammad Haris NIM: 11150331000010 Pembimbing: Rosmaria Sjafariah Widjajanti, S.S., M.Si. NIP: 19710409 199803 2 003 PROGRAM STUDI AQIDAH DAN FILSAFAT ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2020 M ii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN Skripsi dengan judul “Teologi Pluralis: Studi Atas Pemikiran Keagamaan Komaruddin Hidayat” telah diujikan dalam sidang munaqasyah Program Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada 2 Juni 2020. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat utama memperoleh gelar Sarjana Agama (S.Ag) pada Program Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam. Ciputat, 2 Juni 2020 Sidang Munaqasyah Ketua Merangkap Anggota, Sekertaris Merangkap Anggota, Kusmana, Ph. D Dra. Banun Binaningrum, M.Pd NIP: 19650424 199503 1 001 NIP: 196806618 19993 2 002 Anggota Penguji I, Penguji II, Dr. Edwin Syarif, M.A Kusen, Ph. D NIP: 19670918 199703 1 001 NIP: - Pembimbing Rosmaria Sjafariah Widjajanti, S.S., M.Si NIP: 19710409 199803 2 003 iii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI Huruf Arab Huruf Latin Keterangan Tidak dilambangkan ﺃ B Be ﺏ T Te ﺕ Ts te dan es ﺙ J Je ﺝ h̲ ha dengan garis bawah ﺡ Kh Ka dan ha ﺥ D De ﺩ Dz de dan zet ﺫ R Er ﺭ Z Zet ﺯ S Es ﺱ Sy es dan ye ﺵ s̲ es dengan garis di bawah ﺹ d̲ de dengan garis di bawah ﺽ ṯ te dengan garis di bawah ﻁ z̲ zet dengan garis di bawah ﻅ koma terbalik di atas hadap kanan ، ﻉ Gh ge dan ha ﻍ F Ef ﻑ Q Ki ﻕ K Ka ﻙ L El ﻝ M Em ﻡ N En ﻥ W We ﻭ H Ha ﻫ Apostrof ‘ ﺀ Y Ye ﻱ Vokal Panjang Huruf Arab Huruf Latin Keterangan Ā a dengan topi di atas ﺄ Ī i dengan topi di atas ﺇﻱ Ū u dengan topi di atas ﺃﻭ iv ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas tentang Teologi Pluralis, salah satu wacana yang baru dalam studi pemikiran Islam sebagai bentuk turunan dari Teologi Islam Praktis. Peneliti menganggap adanya kebutuhan terhadap Teologi Pluralis tidak terelakkan, lebih-lebih dalam konteks Indonesia yang posisi agama menempati hampir dalam segala sektor kehidupan. Teologi Pluralis menjadi penting disebabkan tawaran yang dikandungnya memberikan jawaban terhadap persoalan yang timbul dan mengatasnamakan agama, lebih-lebih atas nama Tuhan. Tokoh yang pemikirannya mengarah ke Teologi Pluralis adalah Komaruddin Hidayat, salah satu cendekiawan Muslim yang hidup di Indonesia dan telah memberikan sumbangan pemikirannya melalaui jalan dakwah dan pendidikan. Dalam merumuskan pemikirannya, Komaruddin Hidayat tidak hanya terpaku kepada ajaran agama, tetapi juga pada sejarah yang dimiliki umat manusia itu sendiri. Pertanyaannya adalah bagaimana pemikiran keagamaan Komaruddin Hidayat tentang Teologi Pluralis? Kata Kunci: Teologi Pluralis, Tuhan, Manusia, Agama. v KATA PENGANTAR Atas nama Allah, Tuhan sekalian alam. Penulis bersyukur karena berkat kasih dan sayang-Nya yang telah diberikan secara cuma-cuma kepada penulis sehingga skripsi dengan judul “Teologi Pluralis: Studi Atas Pemikiran Keagamaan Komaruddin Hidayat” dapat selasai dengan tepat dan baik, setidaknya demikian penulis tiada henti dalam harap. Atas nama Muhammad, manusia paripurna yang diutus sebagai nabi dan pembawa risalah kepada bangsa manusia dan jin, bahkan seluruh alam yang atas namanya pula Tuhan mengadakan yang namanya makhluk ciptaan—berikut keluarga, sahabat, pengikutnya—semoga Allah memberkati, āmin ya rabbal ‘alamin. Skripsi ini adalah tugas akhir untuk memperoleh gelar strata 1 Sarjana Agama (S.Ag) melalui program studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Selesainya skripsi ini tidak lepas dari campur bantuan pemikiran dan tenaga beberapa orang yang terlibat langsung atau jarak jauh. Sebab itu, penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih kepada mereka sebagaimana namanya berikut ini: 1. Maina dan (alm) Ali Muqi, pasangan manusia yang telah mengenalkan penulis kepada dunia dan isinya. Atas dukungan tenaga, jasa dan doa yang tidak pernah penulis ketahui dan mampu dihitung jari, semoga Ibu diberi kesehatan, panjang umur dan hidup bahagia dan atas Bapak, semoga segala dosanya dihapuskan dan segala kebaikannya diterima sehingga Allah senang atas kedatangannya kembali. vi 2. Rektor Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Prof. Amany Lubis, Prof. Dede Rosyada—yang menjabat selama penulis menjalani masa-masa kuliah. 3. Ibu Rosmaria Sjafariah Widjajanti, S.S., M.Si. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah sudi memberikan arahan dan waktunya kepada penulis. 4. Ibu Dra. Tien Rahmatin, MA. selaku Ketua Program Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam sekaligus merangkap dosen penasehat akademik. Juga kepada Ibu Banun Binaningrum, M.Pd. selaku Sekretaris Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam. 5. Seluruh civitas akademika lingkungan kampus Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, terutama dosen di program studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam yang telah banyak menyalurkan ilmu pengetahuan. Ketersediaan buku rujukan adalah hal yang sangat saya syukuri, sehingga merasa nyaman untuk mengerjakan tugas atau hanya menambah wawasan melalui kegemaran membaca dengan penuh cinta, baik di perpustakaan Fakultas Ushuluddin, maupun di Perpustakaan Utama (PU) Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang sangat mendukung baik dari segi layanan maupun efisiensi tempat yang disediakan. Sungguh, akan selalu saya rindukan! 6. Kakak pertama, Masniyah dan suami. Kakak kedua, Mustaqim dan istri, beserta keluarga lain yang memberikan semangat secara diam-diam tapi nyata. vii 7. Kanca Kosan Buntu: Syarifuddin, Afif Muhammad, Amirullah AKB, Sulton Rifa’i M, Ubaidillah Arif beserta lainnya yang tidak bisa disebut nama demi nama. 8. Teman-teman dari dan yang ada di Madura, termasuk juga teman Republik Filsafat 2015 serta teman yang pernah penulis temui selama ini dan menyumbangkan sedikit banyak kenyataan dalam hidup penulis. 9. Secara khusus penulis sampaikan terima kasih juga kepada mereka yang telah mampu dan berani menulis buku dan tidak bisa disebutkan satu per satu namanya, yang telah penulis baca karyanya dan mempengaruhi arah pikiran penulis dalam hidup. Sungguh, kalian hebat. Tabik! 10. Terakhir, saya berterimakasih kepada diri sendiri. Dan, kepada semuanya tersebut, sekali lagi terima kasih. Semoga Allah, Tuhan semesta alam memberikan balasan sebagaimana harusnya, sebagaimana layaknya. Ciputat, 11 Mei 2020 Mohammad Haris viii DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ....................................................................... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ......................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SIDANG ........................ iii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ............................................................. iv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................... ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................ 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................ 1 B. Batasan dan Rumusan Masalah ...................................................... 9 C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 9 D. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................... 9 E. Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................... 10 F. Metode Penelitian ........................................................................ 11 G. Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................. 15 BAB II TEOLOGI PLURALIS DALAM TINJAUAN......................... 17 A. Pengertian Teologi ...................................................................... 17 B. Sejarah Teologi Islam dan Perkembangannya .............................. 19 C. Sumber-Sumber Ilmu Kalam ......................................................
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