Bachelor of Fishery Science (BFSc) Degree Course Catalogue Regulations, Curriculum and Syllabus Academic Year 2016-17 Onwards (as per V Deans’ Committee (ICAR) Recommendations)
FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE, TIRUPATI- 517 502 ANDHRA PRADESH
Bachelor of Fishery Science (BFSc) Degree Course Catalogue Regulations, Curriculum and Syllabus Academic Year 2016-17 Onwards (as per V Deans’ Committee (ICAR) Recommendations)
FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE, TIRUPATI- 517 502 ANDHRA PRADESH
CONTENTS
Sl.No. Particulars Page No.
PREFACE 1-13
I REGULATIONS 14-28
II CURRICULUM
1 Norms 14
2 Evaluated and Non- Evaluated Credits 15
3 Department-wise Distribution of courses 16-19
4 Semester-wise Distribution of courses 20-26
5 Distribution of course credits 27-28
III SYLLABUS 29-118
1 Dept. of Aquaculture 29-40
2 Dept. of Aquatic Animal Health Management 41-52
3 Dept. of Fisheries Resource Management 53-65
4 Dept. of Aquatic Environment Management 66-79
5 Dept. of Fish Processing Technology 80-95
6 Dept. of Fisheries Engineering 96-104
7 Dept. of Fisheries Extension 105-108
8 Dept. of Fisheries Economics and Statistics 109-115
9 Compulsory Non- credit courses 116-18
Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE
UNIFORM CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS FOR B.F.Sc. (Bachelor of Fishery Science) DEGREE PROGRAMME From the Academic Year 2016-17 (As Per ICAR V Deans’ Committee Recommendations)
I. REGULATIONS
1.0 Short Title: These Regulations shall be called “SVVU Under-Graduate Bachelor of Fishery Science Regulations 2016”for obtaining Bachelor Degree in the Faculty of Fishery Science under semester system.
2.0 These Regulations shall apply to the students admitted in BFSc from the Academic Year 2016 – 2017 onwards.
3.0 Definitions
3.1 Course of Study: Degree Course of B.F.Sc. shall comprise of a course of study consisting of Curriculum and Syllabi provided in the course catalogue spread over four academic years including one full year exclusively for Student READY Programme. This Student READY Programme is offered in two phases in the final year of the degree programme i.e., phase – I during the VII semester as Student READY - FIWEP (Fisheries Work Experience Programme) and phase – II during the VIII semester as Student READY - FIEOP (Fisheries Entrepreneurship Oriented Programme).
3.2 Academic Year:The ‘Academic Year’ of the University shall ordinarily be from June to April (except in case of year of admission) and shall comprise of two semesters consisting of at least200 instructional days excluding the days of final theory examinations.
3.3 Semester: An academic term consisting of not less than 100 instructional days, excluding days of final theory examinations.
3.4 Credit Hour:Each credit hour will be equivalent to one-hour lecture of theory or two to three hours of laboratory work for practical per week. It is also known as semester credit or credit.
3.5 Course: A course is a unit of instruction or a segment of subject matter (as specified in the course catalogue) to be covered in a semester. It has a specific number, title and credits.
3.6 Midterm (Internal) Examination: An Examination conducted by the Course Teacher in a Course (theory) after completion of 60% of working days in a semester without any loss of instructional days of a semester.
3.7 Practical Examination: An examination conducted by the Course Teacher in a Course (practical) at the end of semester but before closure of instructional period of a semester.
3.8 Final Theory (External) Examination: An examination conducted by the University in each course for which an external examiner shall set the question paper (based on the Syllabus/Lecture Outlines of the concerned course) and also evaluate the answer papers as per the schedule of examinationduring the period scheduled by the University at the end of each semester.
3.9 Grade Point of a Course: Each course will be evaluated for 100 marks irrespective of the credits (theory or practical or theory and practical combined as per credits) for awarding grade point. The grade point shall be rounded to the third decimal.
3.10 Credit Point of a Course: The product of credit hours and grade point obtained by the student in the course.
3.11 Grade Point Average (GPA): It is the quotient of the total credit points both in theory and practical of various courses obtained by a student at the end of each semester divided by the total evaluated credit hours taken by the student in that semester. The grading is done on a 10-point scale. The GPA is to be rounded to the third decimal place.
3.12 Overall Grade Point Average (OGPA): It is the quotient of cumulative credit points obtained by a student in all the subjects both in theory and practicalexaminations taken by him/her from the beginning of the first academic year of the degree course divided by the total evaluated credit hours of all the subjects which he/she had completed up to the end of a given semester, from the first semester. It determines the overall performance of a student in all the subjects taken during a period covering more than one semester. The OGPA is to be rounded to the third decimal place. The Overall Grade Point Average obtained by a student on a 10-point scale is converted to percentage of marks by dividing the OGPA by 10 and multiplying with 100.
4.0 Admissions
4.1 Admission:Admission including selections to the Under-graduate courses, ordinarily made in the beginning of the first semester of the academic year, shall be in accordance with the regulations laid down from time to time by the University.
4.2 Fee: The application fee, semester fee, special fee, examination fee and other fee shall be as prescribed by the University from time to time.
5.0 Courses, Credits and Syllabi: The details of the Courses, Credits and Syllabi shall be as prescribed by the University from time to time. The medium of instruction shall be English.
6.0 Advisory System: The students soon after their admission shall be divided into different batches of convenient size by the Associate Dean of the Collegeand each batch assigned to one of the teachers who is designated as Student Advisor. Each student immediately after enrolment fills up all the Registration cards under the guidance of Student Advisor. Among other things, the Advisors shall help the students in planning their academic programme.
The semester Time-Table shall include one hour duration per week for the meeting of students with Advisors. The student should make all correspondence with authorities through Advisor only.
7.0 Registration
7.1 Registration for the First Time in the University: Students who have received confirmed notification of admission from the University would receive guidelines for registration from the Associate Dean of the respective college.
The Associate Dean of the college will conduct Registration and Orientation programmes for the benefit of the students joining the University for the first time. Registration of students shall not be allowed after the expiry of 25% of the working days in the semester of admission.
7.2 Attendance in respect of fresh students for the first semester shall be reckoned from the date of Registration by a particular student.
7.3 Subsequent Registration a) At the beginning of each semester there will be registration of the courses listed for a particular semester. The student in each batch shall have to register for the set of courses offered in “Toto” for the semester and fill in the registration cards. The students having backlog courses can register for a part of the total set of courses fixed for that batch and fill in the registration cards. The Advisor in turn will countersign and send the cards to the Associate Dean. The office of Associate Dean with the help of the Academic Advisor (UG) shall prepare a list of students who have registered for each course and send course-wise list to the concerned teacher within a week after the last date of Registration. b) The payment of fee and other arrears due if any to the college, departments, hostel, library etc., shall precede registration of courses at the commencement of each semester. c) The Students are permitted to register with a late fee as detailed below:
1st Day of Registration : Only fee 2nd Day : Fee + Rs. 100 as late fee 3nd Day : Fee + Rs. 200 as late fee 4thDay : Fee + Rs. 300 as late fee 5thDay : Fee + Rs. 400 as late fee 6th Day : Fee + Rs. 500 as late fee 7th Day : Fee + Rs. 600 as late fee 8th Day : Fee + Rs. 700 as late fee 9th Day : Fee + Rs. 800 as late fee 10th Day : Fee + Rs. 900 as late fee Registration shall not be permitted after 10th Day
However, in respect of student READY Programmes i.e., FIWEP & FIEOP the rules as prescribed in the respective Manuals will be followed. d) Failed Students are permitted to take the Re-Examination in the failed courses as per the Academic Calendar pertaining to the corresponding semester, when offered nexttime.
7.4 Study Load per Semester: The full- time study load for a student varies from 20 to 24 credits (evaluated) per semester as prescribed, except in case of student READY– FIEOP.
8.0 Attendance
8.1 Every student shall ordinarily attend all classes in a course. However, the minimum attendance prescribed in a course is 75% except forStudent READY FIWEP and FIEOP Programmes. The minimum attendance prescribed for Student READY FIWEP and FIEOP is 90%. The minimum limit of attendance shall be reckoned for theory and practical classes separately, for every course. A student who fails to put in the minimum attendance either in theory or practical in any course shall not be permitted to appear for the Semester final examinations and his/her Registration for that course shall be treated as cancelled.
8.2 On the recommendation of the Associate Dean, permission may be given by the Dean of Student’s Affairs to depute the students to represent the College/ University at Inter Collegiate/Inter University Meets, in NCC, NSS, Games and Sports and other Extra and co-curricular meets and the absence of students in such cases, shall be up to a maximum of 20% of the working days (over and above the 25% of absence to be allowed in attendance) provided the approved list is communicated by the Dean of Student’s Affairs to the Associate Dean at least two weeks before the last working day.However, this exemption shall not apply to the students who register for student READY (FIWEP and FIEOP) Programmes.
The days of absence of students for participating in Inter Collegiate/Inter University Meets; NCC, NSS, Games and Sports and other extracurricular and co-curricular activities shall be treated as if Present. The number of conducted classes shall be uniform for the entire class except in case of year of admission into the course.
However, the entire period of deputation of students participating in Pre Republic Day and Republic Day camps shall be only condoned and no relaxation of any sort will be admissible in respect of Semester Final Examinations. A maximum of two chances would be given in the entire study period of any individual for pre RD and RD camps. Further, the students who are given condonation of attendance for participating in Pre RD and RD camps are not eligible to claim any other condonation for participating in any Inter Collegiate/Inter University Meets in respect of NSS, Games & Sports and other extracurricular and co-curricular activities in the same academic year.
8.3 (a) If a student admitted to the 1st year does not Register the courses of the first semester or having registered does not put in at least 75% of attendance in all the courses of first semester of 1styear BFSc., his/her admission shall stand cancelled.
(b)A student who has put in a minimum of 60% of attendance and wishes to seek relaxation of the above provision may apply to the Associate Dean of the College giving the grounds and proof thereof due to which he/she could not fulfill the 75% of attendance requirement. Only a Committee consisting of Associate Dean of the College, Advisor of student concerned, and the College Medical Officer as a co- opted member wherever necessary shall consider readmission of such student after assessment of valid grounds/proofs. If the Committee is satisfied, the Associate Dean may pass an order permitting the student to continue studies by registering the courses in which he/she has shortage of attendance, when offered next time in the corresponding Academic Year.
8.4 Where a student leaves the college after completion of 1st year of study for reasons beyond his/her control, he/she shall be eligible for readmission within a period of one year to the appropriate year of study and shall be permitted by the Associate Dean of the College under intimation to the University. Where the period of break/absence exceeds one year, but does not exceed two years, a reference should be made to the University and decision of the University shall be final.
8.5 Where a student leaves the College by taking transfer certificate, the student shall not be eligible for re-admission.
8.6 Mass absence of students from a Class or Examination: Absence of Students in mass from a class or examination shall not be condoned. In addition, the Associate Dean of the College may order suspension of the Course, if deemed necessary.
9.0 Theory Examination and Evaluation
9.1 The detailed lecture outlines in each course of a department shall be prepared by the teacher concerned in consultation with the Head of the Department and approved by the University Head of the Department, which will be made available to the students during the first week of the Semester.
9.2 The detailed guidelines for conduct of all examinations (internal and external), evaluation/grading, recording and preparation of mark lists/transcripts, etc., will be circulated from time to time to the College by the University.
9.3 (a)The schedule of examinations shall consist of Internal and External Examinations. There shall be one Midterm(Internal) examination to be conducted by the teacher offering the course after completing 60% of the working days in a semester.
(b)There shall be one Midterm (Internal) examination comprising of objective and subjective questions in the ratio of 40:60, with a maximum marks of 50 and for a duration of 1 hour.
Unless a student appears for the midterm examination and practical examination, the student should not be permitted to appear for the Semester Final Theory examinations in the course concerned.
(c) The Final Theory (External) Examination will be held separately for each course and the question paper shall comprise of objective and subjective questions in the ratio of 40:60. The duration of this examination shall be 2 hours with Maximum marks of 100.Syllabus/Lecture outlines of the concerned Course shall be sent to the External Examiner for setting the Question Paper and the question paper shall be moderated by the concerned faculty at University, if necessary. The answer scripts will be coded and send to the External examiner for evaluation. The Honorarium for setting the Question paper and evaluating the Answer scripts shall be as per University norms.
(d)The students shall be given three preparation holidays (inclusive of public holidays) before the commencement of Semester Final Theory examinations.
9.4 The Semester Final Theory (External) Examination shall be conducted at the end of each semester in all the courses offered during that particular semester. A compartmental examination for the students failed in only one subject shall be conducted at the end of 6th semester to facilitate the student to join the Student READY – FIWEP. For such of those students who failed in one subject, the Regulation 13.2 (b) shall be applicable.
9.5 Semester Final Theory (External) Examinations shall be held on such dates, time and places as the University might determine. All examinations must be completed in time so that the results are announced before the commencement of the ensuing Semester.
10.0 Practical Examination and Evaluation
10.1 There shall be one Practical Examination in each course at the end of Semesterfor a total of 100 marks before the end of instructional days.
10.2 The evaluation of the Practical component of a course will be based on; i. PracticalRecord: 20% ii. Performance during practicals (observation of the skills with which each student executes the practicals): 10% iii. Practical observation book: 10 % iv. Viva-voce: 10% v. Practical examination (written examination, spotting, conducting experiment, problem solving etc.): 50%
10.3 Internal practical examination of a particular course shall be conducted by a course teacher and another teacher nominated by the Head of the Department.
11.0 Unfair means during examinations: The Associate Dean of the College shall be responsible for dealing with all cases of “use of unfair means” in various examinations. The phrase, “use of unfair means” includes possession of any information or material by the student, talking to other students, copying from other students or from printed or written material etc. The invigilator/s concerned, on finding the “use of unfair means” by any student may take the answer script of the student and the material evidence, if any, and the explanation from the student. The student may also be sent out of the examination hall immediately. The Invigilator/s concerned shall immediately report each case of Unfair Means directly to the Associate Dean with full details of the incident, enclosing the answer script of the student, the other available evidence and the explanation of the concerned student, if any.
The Associate Dean on receipt of the reportshall give an opportunity to the concerned student to represent the case. Considering all the available evidence, the Associate Dean shall take appropriate action immediately. The penalty shall be as indicated below;
(a) A student found involving in “use of unfair means” during the Midterm (Internal) Examination or practical examination shall be deemed to have failed in that course.
(b) A student found involving in “use of unfair means” during the Final (External) Examination should be deemed to have failed in all the courses the student has registered in that semester and/ or in such or those courses in which he appeared for Final Examination(s) in that semester. In such cases, the student shall not be permitted to take the remaining examinations, if any, in that semester and shall also be deemed to have attempted and ‘Failed’ in that examination.
(c) The Associate Dean after passing the orders shall report each case, falling under (a) and (b) above, immediately to the Dean of Fishery Science.
(d) For any incidents of “Using Unfair Means” of a serious nature such as ignoring the repeated instructions of Invigilator or abusing or threatening or assaulting the Invigilator, warranting higher penalties than those indicated in clauses (a) and (b) above, the Associate Dean besides treating the students as failed in all the courses he/she registered in that Semester, may further debar the student for the succeeding Semester / Year under intimation to the Dean of Faculty of Fishery Science. If further or more severe punishment is felt necessary, the Associate Dean shall immediately inform the University about the full details of the case together with all the material evidence, if any, along with his/her recommendations. The explanation or representation of the student obtained/received, if any, may also be sent. The Vice- Chancellor after examining the case, may debar the student for a further period or permanently. The decision of the Vice-Chancellor in all such cases is final.
The Associate Dean shall inform the parent/guardian of the concerned Student about the incident and of any punishment awarded to the Student and also the reasons thereof.
12. Scrutiny of Final theory Answer scripts and Grades:
a) The student may apply to the Associate Dean of the College within one week after the announcement of the Grades for scrutiny of the totaling of marks of the External Theory Examination or Calculation of Grade Points obtained by the student, advancing sufficient reasons for such a request. The fee for such scrutiny shall be Rs. 80/- for each Course.
b) Re-evaluation of Final Theory answer scripts is not permitted.
c) Associate Dean shall arrange for scrutiny of answer scripts by the Moderation Committee. d) Scrutiny means re-totaling of the marks and verification of unevaluated (Not allotting marks) question (s), if any. e) The Final Theory answer scripts shall not be shown to the student under any circumstances. f) In case the Total Marks are found to be incorrect on scrutiny, the same shall be corrected and the results shall be revised accordingly, even if it is towards lower side. If any question is found uncorrected by the evaluator, the answer script shall be sent to the evaluator for doing the needful corrections and the result (s) shall be revised accordingly. g) In case a student on the basis of revised result of scrutiny becomes eligible for compartmental examination, he/shemay apply to the concerned Associate Dean of the college for permission to appear in the compartmental examination on the announced scheduled date. The scheduled date of compartmental examination under no circumstances shall be changed on this account. h) No representation by the student(s) shall be entertained regarding the outcome of the result after scrutiny.
13.0 Academic Status and Scholastic Deficiencies 13.1 a) A student shall secure 50% marks in the final theory examination for pass in a subject. b) Moderation: Regarding moderation of the results obtained after semester final theory examination, the committee consisting of Controller of Examinations, Deans of the Faculties shall review the results. Moderation of marks in failed subjects shall be carried out to the maximum of 2.5 marks in any paper/s (Theory or Practical or Both) per semester not exceeding 5.0 marks in a year. The marks obtained 49.5% and above shall be rounded off to 50% before or after moderation. The provisions for moderation shall not be applicable to compartmental examinations. There shall be no provision of grace marks in any case.
c) Overall performance of the student in various examinations including the external theory examination is the criteria for passing or failing in a Course at the end of the each Semester.
The examination pattern shall consist of one internal mid-term examination & a practical examination and Final External Theory Examination. The distribution of marks between Internal and (Mid-term Theory plus Practical examinations) and External (Theory examination) is 50: 50.
The distribution (as per weightage) of marks with different credit loads of theory and practical components is as follows; i. Courses having only Theory Component: Mid-term Examination - Internal (40%) + Assignment (10%) and Final Theory Examination – External (50%) ii. Courses with only Practical component: Internal (100%) iii. Courses with Theory and Practical components: Mid-term theory Examination - Internal (30%) + Assignment (5%) + Practical component (15%) + Final Theory Examination - External (50%)
d) Student obtaining a grade point of not less than 5.0 shall be considered to have passed. A student securing less than 5.0 shall be deemed to have failed and ‘F’ shall be indicated in the grade report.
e) If a candidate absents for Midterm (Internal) Examination or Practical Examination or Final Theory (External) Examination, Absent (‘A’) is to be recorded.
f) The Failed / Absent students shall appear for the examinations, both theory and practical, as and when offered next time by paying the prescribed re-examination fee in the course in which they have obtained ‘F’ grade / ‘A’ grade. 13.2 a) Supplementary Mid-term (Internal) Examination will be conducted, if; i. Any student claiming to be sick and indisposed or the loss of life of his close relatives (father, mother, grand parents, siblings) may be permitted after the production of a medical certificate from a Civil Surgeon/Asst. Civil Surgeon working in case of Govt. Hospitals or discharge certificate issued by a qualified doctor in case of Private Nursing home, provided the student was hospitalized for a minimum period of 24 hours, in case of disease/illness or a death certificate from the Mandal Revenue Officer or from the local bodies like Panchayats/Municipalities in case of death of close relatives. A committee consisting of senior most Professor, Academic Advisor (UG) and concerned course teacher in the college may go through the merit of the case and approve the authenticity of the certificate produced by the student. ii. Conducting Re-examination for such students is on payment of fee of Rs. 500/- per course subject to a maximum of Rs. 2000/- in a Semester. iii. The Supplementary Midterm (Internal) Examination shall be conducted before the last date of instruction of that Semester only.
b) There will be no supplementary Semester Final Examination(s) during a given Semester. However, in the 7th Semester, a student shall be allowed conditionally to register for Student READY - FIWEP provided he/she Failed / Absent (on medical grounds) only in one course pertaining to III Year. The student cannot continue the Student READY - FIWEP unless he/she clears the subject in the ensuing Compartmental Examination.
c) Exclusively for the students who have been conditionally promoted under regulation 13.2 (b), the University shall conduct examinations in Theory (Mid- term and or External) and Practical, within 10 calendar days after the date of declaration of results of the 6th semester. The results of such Supplementary Examination(s) shall be declared within 15 days after the examination is conducted, so that the student would join the regular batch of the Student READY- FIWEP Programme.
d) Student READY - FIWEP: Every candidate after completing all courses upto VI semester is required to undergo compulsory Student READY-FIWEP for a period of one semester so as to become eligible for the award of the degree. In this regard a separate Student READY FIWEP Manual prescribed by the University shall be followed. The duration of the programme shall be of 20 weeks, out of which the students will spend 19 weeks period for undergoing training and one (1) week for the preparation of final report.
The performance during FIWEP and report of the student will be evaluated by the committee consisting of; i. Associate Dean (as Chairman of the committee) ii. Assistant Director of Fisheries (or) his/her representative (as Member) iii. Head of the Department of the particular component (as Member) iv. The course in–charge of the FIWEP (as Member-cum-Convener)
(e) Student READY-FIEOP: The performance (except the instructional credits) of the student during FIEOPwill be evaluated by following the guidelines prescribed in student READY - FIEOP manual prescribed by the University. For this purpose, the following committee shall be constituted consisting of members; i. Associate Dean (as Chairman of the Committee) ii. Assistant Director of Fisheries (or) his/her representative (as Member) iii. Head/ In-charge of the particular ELP/Skill development/Project work/Seminar component (as Member) iv. The In-charge of the FIEOP (as Member-cum-Convener)
13.3 Year of Standing: The year of standing of a student shall be determined solely on the basis of his/her completion of prescribed number of credit hours of a set of courses, in a given year.
13.4 The Results of Examination shall be declared by the University and communicated to the Associate Dean and the same will be issued to the students and informed to the Advisers/ parents/guardians.
13.5 Promotion:
a)A student will be permitted to register III year 1st semester courses only if he/she has passed all the I year courses and similarly a student will be permitted to register IV year 1st semester only if he/she has passed all the II year and III year courses except under regulation 13.2(b).
b) However, the backlog students shall be conditionally permitted to register First Semester of III Year BFSc courses pending declaration of II Semester courses of I Year BFSc and similarly the backlog students shall be conditionally permitted to register First Semester of IV year BFSc pending declaration of II Semester courses of II and III year BFSc. Afterdeclaration of the results the academic status of students shall be as per the regulation 13.5(a).
14.0 Graduation Requirements
14.1 The students shall satisfy minimum residential requirement of 6 Semesters of study and one full Semester of Student READY - FIWEP and one full Semester of Student READY - FIEOP involving three entrepreneurship oriented courses in it.
14.2 Requirements for Bachelor’s Degree: A student-undergoing course of study leading to award of BFScDegree shall pass the courses and complete the minimum number of credit hours prescribed thereof, by the Academic Council from time to time by obtaining a minimum OGPA of 5.000 in the 10.000 point scale.
14.3 Classification of Successful Candidates: The successful candidates who after completion of the graduation requirements, have secured an OGPA of 5.000 or more in the 10.000 point scale shall be classified as under(2016-17 admitted batch onwards): OGPA Division/Class 5.000 – 5.999 Pass 6.000 – 6.999 Second 7.000 – 7.999 First 8.000 and above First with Distinction
15.0 Student Responsibility: All under-graduate students studying in this University are expected to know the requirements for the award of Bachelor Degree and general academic requirements and assume full responsibility for meeting them. They are expected to keep constantly in touch with their Advisors so that the latter may watch their progress and guide them in the right direction. In no case will a regulation be waived or exemption made simply because a student pleads ignorance of it.
16.0 Record of Courses: To ensure that requirements for the award of Degree have been completed by a student, the University shall keep a record of courses completed by the students. A copy of the same shall be maintained by the Associate Dean’s Office of the concerned college.
17.0 Authorities to Approve Results and Issue Pass Certificates, Transcripts, etc.: The Vice–chancellor shall approve the results on the recommendation of the Dean of Faculty of Fishery Science and Registrar shall issue the Provisional Pass Certificates, Transcripts etc., to the candidate.
18.0 Award of Degree: A Degree under the seal of the University and duly signed by the officers authorized in this behalf shall be presented at a Convocation to each candidate who has successfully completed the graduation requirements for the award of Degree. Degrees of the candidates who have successfully completed the graduation requirements for the award of Degree and are admitted ‘IN ABSENTIA’ to a Degree at Convocation, shall be sent by post. The Degree shall set forth the name of the candidate, father’s name, mother’s name, name of Degree, month & year of successful completion of the graduation requirements etc.
19.0 Amending or Cancellation of Results: If the result of a candidate is discovered to be vitiated by error, malpractice, fraud, improper conduct or any other reasons, the Vice- Chancellor shall have the powers to amend the result in such a manner as to accord with the true position, and to make such declaration as the Vice-Chancellor may deem necessary in that behalf.
If it is found that the result of a candidate has been vitiated by malpractices, fraud or other improper conduct where by a student has been benefited and that he/she has in the opinion of the Vice-Chancellor, been a party to or conceived at malpractice, fraud or improper conduct, the Vice-Chancellor shall have the power at any time, notwithstanding the award of a Degree or a Certificate or Prize or a Scholarship, to amend the result of such candidate and to make such declaration as the Vice-Chancellor may deem necessary in that behalf, including debarring of the candidate from the University for such a period as may be specified and the cancellation of the result of the candidate in such a manner as the Vice-Chancellor may decide.
20.0 Transitory Provision: These regulations shall apply to the students who shall be admitted from the academic year 2016-17onwards.
21.0 No Regulation made by the Academic Council, governing the under-graduate courses of study shall be construed, to limit or abridge the powers of the Academic Council to deal with any case or cases of any student or students of BFSc course in such manner as it may appear to it to be just and equitable.
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II. CURRICULUM 1. NORMS:
(1) Degree Nomenclature
B.F.Sc.: Bachelor of Fishery Science
(2) System of Education
Formal Education with Semester System
(3) Program Duration
8 Semesters (4 Academic Years)
(4) Maximum Permissible Course Work Load
24 Evaluated Credits per Semester (Except for Student READY-FIEOP)
(5) Course Curriculum and Credits Requirement
5.1 The course work shall be completed with 139 Instructional Credits (Evaluated) spread over the first 6 semesters and the last semester.
5.2 The total credit requirement for the under-graduate degree programme shall be 185 credits – 139 Instructional Credits (Evaluated) + 20 for Student READY Programme (Phase-I: FIWEP) + 20 for Student READY Programme (Phase-II: FIEOP) (Excluding Instructional credits) + 6 for Compulsory Non-credit courses (English, Swimming, Physical Education, NSS, etc.).
(6) Departments
1. Aquaculture (AQC) 2. Aquatic Animal Health Management (AAH) 3. Fisheries Resource Management (FRM) 4. Aquatic Environment Management (AEM) 5. Fish Processing Technology (FPT) 6. Fisheries Engineering (FEG) 7. Fisheries Extension (FEX) 8. Fisheries Economics and Statistics (FES) (7) Units 1. Instructional Fresh Water Fish Farm (IFFF), Eguvamitta. 2. Instructional Brackish Water Fish Farm (IBFF), Thirumalammapalem. 2. Evaluated and Non-Evaluated Credits
Credits Sl. No. Departments T+P Total
A. Evaluated Credits
1. Aquaculture 14+9 23
2. Aquatic Animal Health Management 10+8 18
3. Fisheries Resource Management 14+9 23
4. Aquatic Environment Management 13+8 21
5. Fish Processing Technology 15+9 24
6. Fisheries Engineering 9+5 14
7. Fisheries Extension 3+2 05
8. Fisheries Economics and Statistics 7+4 11
Instructional Credits 85+54 139
9. Student READY Programme (Phase-I) – FIWEP 20 (FISHERIES WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME)
10. Student READY Programme (Phase-II) – FIEOP 20
(FISHERIES ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTED PROGRAMME) (Excluding Instructional Credits)
Total Credits 179
B. Non-Evaluated Credits
1. Compulsory Non-credit Courses 1+5 06
Total (A+B) 179+6 185
3. Department-Wise Distribution of Courses
Sl. Credits Department and Courses No. T + P Total
I AQUACULTURE (AQC) 14+9 23
AQC 111 Principles of Aquaculture 1+1 2
AQC 121 Freshwater Aquaculture 2+1 3
AQC 122 Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology 2+1 3
AQC 211 Finfish Hatchery Management 2+1 3
AQC 212 Shellfish Hatchery Management 1+1 2
Ornamental Fish Production and Culture of Fish AQC 221 2+1 3 Food Organisms
AQC 311 Coastal Aquaculture and Mariculture 2+1 3
AQC 321 Fish Genetics and Breeding 1+1 2
AQC 322 Aquaculture in Reservoirs 1+1 2
II AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT (AAH) 10+8 18
AAH 111 Microbiology and Immunology 1+1 2
AAH 211 Fish and Shellfish Pathology 2+1 3
AAH 221 Finfish Diseases and Health Management 1+1 2
AAH 311 Fish Pharmacology 2+1 3
Chemotherapy and Drug Administration in AAH 312 1+1 2 Aquaculture
AAH 321 Biotechnology and Bioinformatics 1+1 2
AAH 322 Toxicology 1+1 2
AAH 421 Shellfish Diseases and Health Management 1+1 2 III FISHERIES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (FRM) 14+9 23
FRM 111 Taxonomy of Finfish 1+2 3
FRM 112 Taxonomy of Shellfish 1+1 2
FRM 121 Anatomy and Biology of Finfish 2+1 3
FRM 122 Anatomy and Biology of Shellfish 1+1 2
FRM 211 Inland Fisheries 2+1 3
FRM 212 Aquatic Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians 1+0 1
FRM 221 Physiology of Finfish and Shellfish 2+1 3
FRM 311 Marine Fisheries 2+1 3
FRM 321 Fish Population Dynamics and Stock Assessment 2+1 3
IV AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT (AEM) 13+8 21
AEM 111 Meteorology, Climatology and Geography 1+1 2
AEM 112 Soil and Water Chemistry 2+1 3
AEM 121 Limnology 2+1 3
AEM 122 Marine Biology 1+1 2
AEM 211 Aquatic Ecology and Biodiversity 2+1 3
AEM 221 Fishery Oceanography 2+1 3
AEM 311 Coastal Zone Management 1+1 2
AEM 321 Aquatic Pollution 2+1 3
V FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (FPT) 15+9 24
FPT 111 Principles of Biochemistry and Biochemical 2+1 3 Techniques FPT 112 Fish in Nutrition 1+0 1
FPT 121 Fish Biochemistry 2+1 3
FPT 211 Freezing Technology 1+1 2 FPT 221 Fish Products and Value Addition 2+1 3
FPT 311 Microbiology of Fish and Fishery Products 2+1 3
FPT 312 Fish By-products and Waste Utilization 1+1 2
FPT 321 Fish Canning Technology 1+1 2
FPT 322 Fish Packaging Technology 1+1 2
FPT 421 Quality Assurance of Fish and Fishery Products 2+1 3
VI FISHERIES ENGINEERING (FEG) 9+5 14
FEG 211 Refrigeration and Equipment Engineering 2+1 3
FEG 221 Fishing Craft Technology 2+1 3
FEG 311 Fishing Gear Technology 2+1 3
FEG 321 Navigation and Seamanship 1+1 2
FEG 421 Aquaculture Engineering 2+1 3
VII FISHERIES EXTENSION (FEX) 3+2 5
FEX 121 Fisheries Extension Education 1+1 2
Communication Skills and Personality FEX 221 0+1 1 Development
FEX 321 Fisheries Policy, Law and Disaster Management 2+0 2
FISHERIES ECONOMICS AND VIII 7+4 11 STATISTICS (FES)
FES 111 Statistical Methods 2+1 3
FES 121 Information and Communication Technology 1+1 2
FES 211 Fisheries Economics 2+1 3
FES 311 Fisheries Cooperatives and Marketing 1+1 2
Fisheries Business Management and FES 321 1+0 1 Entrepreneurship Development IX COMPULSORY NON-CREDIT COURSES 1+5 6
ENG 111 Structural and Spoken English 1+1 2
CNC 111 Swimming 0+1 1
CNC 121 Physical Education, First Aid and Yoga Practice 0+1 1
CNC 211 NSS 0+1 1
CNC 221 NSS 0+1 1
4. Semester – Wise Distribution of Courses
FIRST YEAR
Course Title Evaluated Credits
T+P Total
I Semester 12+9 21
AQC 111 Principles of Aquaculture 1+1 2
AAH 111 Microbiology and Immunology 1+1 2
FRM 111 Taxonomy of Finfish 1+2 3
FRM 112 Taxonomy of Shellfish 1+1 2
AEM 111 Meteorology, Climatology and Geography 1+1 2
AEM 112 Soil and water Chemistry 2+1 3
Principles of Biochemistry and Biochemical FPT 111 2+1 3 Techniques
FPT 112 Fish in Nutrition 1+0 1
FES 111 Statistical Methods 2+1 3
ENG 111 Structural and Spoken English *1+1* 2*
CNC 111 Swimming 0+1* 1* II Semester 14+9 23
AQC 121 Fresh water Aquaculture 2+1 3
AQC 122 Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology 2+1 3
FRM 121 Anatomy and Biology of Finfish 2+1 3
FRM 122 Anatomy and Biology of Shellfish 1+1 2
AEM 121 Limnology 2+1 3
AEM 122 Marine Biology 1+1 2
FPT 121 Fish Biochemistry 2+1 3
FEX 121 Fisheries Extension Education 1+1 2
FES 121 Information and Communication Technology 1+1 2
CNC 121 Physical Education, First Aid and Yoga Practice 0+1* 1*
SECOND YEAR
III Semester 15+8 23
AQC 211 Fin fish Hatchery Management 2+1 3
AQC 212 Shellfish Hatchery Management 1+1 2
AAH 211 Fish and Shellfish Pathology 2+1 3
FRM 211 Inland Fisheries 2+1 3
FRM 212 Aquatic Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians 1+0 1
AEM 211 Aquatic Ecology and Biodiversity 2+1 3
FPT 211 Freezing Technology 1+1 2
FEG 211 Refrigeration and Equipment Engineering 2+1 3
FES 211 Fisheries Economics 2+1 3
CNC 211 NSS 0+1* 1* IV Semester 11+7 18
AQC-221 Ornamental Fish Production and Culture of Fish Food 2+1 3 Organisms
AAH 221 Finfish Diseases and Health Management 1+1 2
FRM 221 Physiology of Finfish and Shellfish 2+1 3
AEM 221 Fishery Oceanography 2+1 3
FPT 221 Fish Products and Value Addition 2+1 3
FEG 221 Fishing Craft Technology 2+1 3
FEX 221 Communication Skills and Personality Development 0+1 1
CNC 221 NSS 0+1* 1*
Note: NSS special camp for week duration will be conducted during this semester
THIRD YEAR
V Semester 14+9 23
AQC-311 Coastal Aquaculture and Mariculture 2+1 3
AAH 311 Fish Pharmacology 2+1 3
AAH 312 Chemotherapy and Drug Administration in Aquaculture 1+1 2
FRM 311 Marine Fisheries 2+1 3
AEM 311 Coastal Zone Management 1+1 2
FPT 311 Microbiology of Fish and Fishery Products 2+1 3
FPT 312 Fish By-products and Waste Utilization 1+1 2
FEG 311 Fishing Gear Technology 2+1 3
FES 311 Fisheries Cooperatives and Marketing 1+1 2
VI Semester 14+9 23
AQC-321 Fish Genetics and Breeding 1+1 2 AQC 322 Aquaculture in Reservoirs 1+1 2
AAH 321 Biotechnology and Bioinformatics 1+1 2
AAH 322 Toxicology 1+1 2
FRM 321 Fish Population Dynamics and Stock Assessment 2+1 3
AEM 321 Aquatic Pollution 2+1 3
FPT 321 Fish Canning Technology 1+1 2
FPT 322 Fish Packaging Technology 1+1 2
FEG 321 Navigation and Seamanship 1+1 2
FEX 321 Fisheries Policy, Law and Disaster Management 2+0 2
FES 321 Fisheries Business Management and entrepreneurship 1+0 1 Development
* Non – evaluated Credits of compulsory non-credit courses
FOURTH YEAR
VII Semester
Student READY Programme (Phase-I): FIWEP
(FISHERIES WORK EXPERIENCE PROGRAMME)
Phase-I of the Student READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) Programme i.e., FIWEP is offered during the VII Semester. The duration of this program is of 20 weeks, the credits allotted are 20 and all the 20 credits are evaluated. This phase of the student READY programmed is aimed to impart work experience to the students in all the major stake holder fields of fisheries sector. Grade Point of this programme will be submitted by Officer-in- charge FIWEP. The Regulations, details on organizing and evaluation methodology of this Programme will be given in the ‘Student READY-FIWEP’ Manual.
VII Semester 20 Credits
Work Experience component Duration Credits Associated Department/Units (in weeks)
Farm Experience 4 4 AQC, IFFF&IBFF Hatchery Experience 3 3 AQC, IFFF&IBFF
Feed plant Experience 1 1 AQC
Disease Diagnostic lab Experience 1 1 AAH
Fish Processing Plant Experience 5 5 FPT
Fishing Experience (Marine & Inland) 1 1 FEG
Analysis of Fish Catch Composition 1 1 FRM
Aquatic Environment Monitoring 1 1 AEM
Fish Marketing and Functioning of 1 1 FES Fisherman Co-operatives.
Socio-economic Survey, Fishery Extension 1 1 FEX & FES Experience
Preparation of FIWEP final report 1 1 FIWEP In-charge
Total 20 20
VIII Semester
Student READY Programme (Phase-II): FIEOP
(FISHERIES ENTREPRENEURSHIP ORIENTED PROGRAMME)
Phase-II of the Student READY (Rural and Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) Programme i.e. FIEOP is offered during the VIII Semester. The duration of this program is of 20 weeks, the credits allotted are 28 and all the credits are evaluated credits The curriculum of this semester is scrupulously planned in such a way to initiate and develop Entrepreneurship capabilities among the students by accommodating certain selected Course work, Programmes aimed to learn through experience, Programmes that develop skill in the selected field, Preparation of proposals for research projects etc., in the work load there by letting the students more or less virtually ready to take up and handle any task in fisheries sector by the time they pass out. Grade Point of this programme will be submitted by concerned Officer-in-charge FIEOP. The Regulations, details on organizing and evaluation methodology of this Programme will be given in the ‘Student READY-FIEOP’ Manual.
VIII Semester 28 Credits
Course Course Title Evaluated Credits No. T+P Total
AAH 421 Shellfish Diseases and Health Management 1+1 2
FPT 421 Quality Assurance of Fish and Fishery Products 2+1 3
FEG 421 Aquaculture Engineering 2+1 3
Course Component Title Duration Credits No. (in weeks) ELP 421 a) Experiential Learning Programme 12 12
FSD 421 b) Skill Development 5 5
FPW 421 c) Project Work 2 2
FPS 421 d) Project Seminar 1 1
a) Experiential Learning Programme:
As per the V Deans’ committee guidelines of ICAR, a minimum of two areas should be decided by each University. Areas of specialization for Experiential Learning Programme are 1. Aqua Farming 2.Aqua-Clinic 3.Ornamental Fish Culture 4.Seed Production 5. Value Added Fish Products 6. Trade & Export Management.
Sl. No. Components of ELP Associated Departments
1. Aqua Farming IFFF, AQC, AAH & FRM
2. Aqua-Clinic AAH, IFFF & AEM
3. Ornamental Fish Culture AQC, IFFF, AAH & FRM
4. Seed Production AQC, IFFF, AAH& FEG
5. Value Added Fish Products FPT, FEG & FEX
6. Trade and Export Management FPT, FRM & FES
A total of 12 credits are allotted for Experiential Learning Programme and the evaluation of the same will be conducted by the Committee appointed by the Associate Dean of the respective college. b) Skill Development: Aquarium fabrication, Analysis of soil and water quality parameters, Preparation of Fish products or in any appropriate applied aspect of fisheries offered. Details will be provided in the manual. c) Project work: Studentwillselectrelevant or interested area of specialization such as Fish nutrition, Fish genetics and breeding, Ornamental fish production, Genomics in Aquaculture, Integrated farming, RAS, Bio-floc Aquaculture, Fish pathology, Fish hatchery, Shell fish farming, Feed Preparation, Fish Diseases diagnosis, Fish Pharmacology, Fish Toxicology, Fish immunology, Fish stock assessment, Fish production estimation, Aquatic pollution, Estimation of Plankton, Fish biomass estimation, Fish value addition, Fish in nutrition, Fish processing waste management, Quality control and quality assurance, Fish products and by- products etc. He/she will prepare a research project plan and it will be presented in-front of committee appointed by the Associate Dean of the respective college. The department concerned will guide the students for preparation of project. Also, for each student, one Advisor will be provided, who will guide the student in completion of proposed research plan.A totalof 2 credits are allotted for Project work. The evaluation for the same will be conducted by committee appointed by the Associate Dean of the respective college. d)Project Seminar: One credit is allotted for presenting the seminar of completed project work. The evaluation for the same will be conducted by the committee appointed by the Associate Dean of the respective college.
5. DISTRIBUTION OF COURSE CREDITS
A. YEAR-WISE COURSE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION
Year Evaluated Non – Evaluated Total Credits Credits
I Year 44 4 48
II Year 41 2 43
III Year 46 - 46
IV Year a. Student READY Programme (Phase-I): FIWEP 20 - 20
b. Student READY Programme (Phase-II):FIEOP 28 - 28
Total 179 06 185
B. SEMESTER-WISE COURSE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION
Semester Evaluated Non – Evaluated Total Credits Credits
I 21 3 24
II 23 1 24
III 23 1 24
IV 18 1 19
V 23 - 23
VI 23 - 23
VII 20 - 20
VIII 28 - 28
Total 179 06 185
Educational Tours: Educational Tours are Optional. Two educational tours are to be organized during BFSc. programme. ‘South India Tour’ during II Year and ‘North India Tour’ during III Year BFSc.
A compulsory 3 day Professional Study Tour to Kolleru Area to be organized to I Year BFSc. students. The modalities for organizing Study tours are issued time to time separately.
-----::oOo::----- III SYLLABUS
1. DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE (AQC)
AQC 111 PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Definition, basics, scope and history of aquaculture; Present global and national scenario. Aquaculture systems: Aquaculture vs. Agriculture; Systems of aquaculture: pond culture, pen culture, cage culture, running water culture and zero water exchange system. Extensive, semi- intensive, intensive and super-intensive aquaculture in different types of water bodies viz., freshwater, brackish water inland saline and marine water. Principles of pond culture: Pre-stocking and post-stocking pond management; Carrying capacity of pond; Factors influencing carrying capacity; Criteria for selection of candidate species for aquaculture. Major candidate species for aquaculture in fresh, brackish and marine waters; in monoculture, polyculture and integrated culture systems. Water and soil quality in relation to fish production: Physical, chemical and biological factors affecting productivity of ponds. Practicals 1. Aquaculture production statistics- world. 2. Aquaculture production statistics India. 3. Aquaculture resources of world. 4. Aquaculture resources of India. 5. Components of Aquaculture farms. 6. Estimation of carrying capacity. 7. Practices on pre-stocking management. 8. Practices on Post-stocking management. 9. Growth studies in aquaculture system.
10. Study on NH3 accumulation in aquaculture systems. 11. Study on Organic matter accumulation in aquaculture systems. 12. Study on CO2 accumulation in aquaculture systems. 13. Analysis of cow dung. 14. Analysis of poultry manure. 15. Analysis of pig manure. 16. Analysis of Duck manure. Prescribed Book Ayyappan, S., 2011.Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture, ICAR Publications, New Delhi. Reference Book Rath, R.K., 2011. Fresh water Aquaculture, Scientific publications.
AQC 121 FRESH WATER AQUACULTURE 3 (2+1) Theory Introduction: Production trends and prospects in different parts of the World. Freshwater aquaculture resources: Ponds, tanks, lakes, reservoirs etc. Culture phases and Management practices: Nursery, rearing and grow-out pond preparation; Management: control of aquatic weeds, algal blooms, predatory and weed fishes; Other management practices: Liming, fertilization/manuring, use of biofertilizers, supplementary feeding, water quality management. Selection, transportation and acclimatization of seed. Traits of important cultivable fish and shellfish and their culture methods: Indian major carps, exotic carps, air breathing fishes, cold water fishes, freshwater prawns, mussels. Wintering ponds, quarantine ponds and isolation ponds. Sewage-fed fish culture: Principles of organic cycling and detritus food chain. Use of agro- industrial waste and biofertilizers in aquaculture. Composite fish culture: Indian and exotic carps-competition and compatibility. Exotic fish species introduced to India. Culture of other freshwater species.Medium and minor carps, catfish and murrels. Integrated aquaculture: Integration of aquaculture with agriculture/horticulture. Integration of aquaculture with livestock.Cultivation of aquatic macrophytes with aquaculture (makhana).Paddy cum Fish/Shrimp Culture. Practicals 1. Preparation and management of nursery, rearing and grow-out ponds. 2. Study on effect of liming on hydrobiology of ponds. 3. Study on effect of manuring and fertilization on hydrobiology of ponds and growth of fish and shellfishes. 4. Collection, identification and control of aquatic weeds. 5. Collection, identification and control of insects. 6. Collection, identification and control of predatory fishes. 7. Collection, identification and control of weed fishes and eggs and larval forms of fishes. 8. Algal blooms and their control. 9. Estimation of plankton and benthic biomass. 10. Study of contribution of natural and supplementary feed to growth. 11. Workout of economics of different culture practices. 12. Estimation of live stock requirement / Unit in integrated aquaculture. 13. Design of paddy plot for paddy-cum-fish culture. 14. Design of Fish and Shrimp Culture. 15. Design of livestock shed on pond embankment. 16. Economics of different integrated farming systems. Prescribed Book 1. Jhingran, V.G. 1998. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Huet Marcel. 1972. Text book of fish culture. Oxford Fishing news books. 2. Santhanam, R., Sukumaran, N. and Natarajan, P. 1987. A manual of Aquaculture. Oxford- IBH, New Delhi. 3. Srivatsava. 1993. Freshwater Aquaculture in India, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.
AQC 122 FISH NUTRITION AND FEED TECHNOLOGY 3 (2+1) Theory Fundamentals of fish nutrition: Growth in fish; Principal nutrients and nutritional requirements of cultivable fish and shellfishes. Nutritional energetics: Definition and forms of energy partitioning; Methods of feed formulation and manufacturing; Forms of feeds: wet feeds, moist feeds, dry feeds, mashes, pelleted feeds, floating and sinking pellets. Feed additives: Binders, antioxidants, enzymes, pigments, growth promoters, feed stimulants. Feed storage: Use of preservatives and antioxidants in the storage of feed. Feed evaluation: Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR); Feed Efficiency Ratio (FER); Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Net Protein Utilization (NPU) and Biological Value (BV); Feeding devices and methods. Non-nutrient dietary components: Non-conventional feed ingredients and antinutritional factors; Digestive enzymes, feed digestibility; Factors affecting digestibility. Diseases: Nutrional deficiency diseases. Practicals 1. Estimation of moisture content in aqua feeds 2. Estimation of ash content in aqua feeds 3. Estimation of Protein content in aqua feeds 4. Estimation of lipid content in aqua feeds 5. Estimation of fiber content in aqua feeds 6. Water stability study of pellet feeds 7. Feed formulation and preparation of feed in the labs 8. Flow chart study of fish and shrimp feed manufacture 9. Visit to a commercial aqua feed plant 10. Study on types of binders used in aqua feeds 11. Determination of sinking rate in feeds 12. Effect of storage on feed quality 13. Study on types of antimetabolites and fungal toxins in aqua feeds 14. Visit to a farm made feed unit 15. Physical characteristics of floating pellet feed 16. Physical characteristics of sinking pellet feed Prescribed Books 1. Halver, J.E. 1989. Fish Nutrition, Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 2. NRC. Nutritional Requirements of Warm Water Fishes. National Academy of Sciences, Washington. Reference Books 1. Lovell, R.T. 1998. Nutrition and feeding of fishes, Chapman & Hall, New York. 2. New, M.B. 1987. Feed and feeding of fish and shrimp. A manual on the preparation and preservation of compound feeds for shrimp and fish in aquaculture. F.A.O. Rome. 3. Sena S.De Silva, Trevor A.Anderson. 1995. Fish nutrition in aquaculture, Chapman & Hall Aquaculture Series, London.
AQC 211 FINFISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT 3(2+1) Theory Natural seed resources: Freshwater and marine fish seed resources; Natural breeding of finfishes. Natural breeding: Selection of riverine spawn collection sites; Gears used and methods of collection; Spawn quality and quantity indices; Advantages and disadvantages of riverine seed collection; Sexual maturity and breeding season of various cultivable species; Development of gametes in male and female; Fish egg and embryonic development. Bundh breeding: Concept; Wet and dry bundhs; Collection and hatching of eggs; Factors involved in bundh breeding; Advantages and disadvantages of bundh breeding. Induced breeding of warmwater finfishes: Environmental factors affecting spawning, sympathetic breeding; Hypophysation of fishes; Fish pituitary gland: its structure, collection, preservation and preparation of extract for injection, dosages and methods of injection. Breeding and hatchery management: Brood-stock management and transportation of brood fish; Synthetic hormones used for induced breeding of carps. Different types of fish hatcheries: traditional, chinese, glass jar and modern controlled hatcheries. Breeding techniques for Indian major carps, exotic carps, mahaseers, trouts, tilapias, catfishes, grey-mullets, milk fish, pearl spot, sea bass, sea hourse, groupers, pacu, cobia, pompanos and indigenous fishes, etc.Off-season andmultiple breeding of carps. Spawn rearing and transportation: Causes of mortalities of eggs and spawn and remedies; Spawn rearing techniques; Use of anesthetics in fish breeding and transport. Practicals 1. Study of maturity stages in fishes. 2. Collection of fish pituitary gland. 3. Preparation of PG extract and Hypophysation. 4. Calculation of fecundity. 5. Brood-stock maintenance and selection of breeders for injection. 6. Histological studies of ovary testes. 7. Different fish hatchery systems. 8. Study of fish eggs and embryonic developmental stages. 9. Identification of eggs, spawn, fry and fingerlings of different species. 10. Preparation and management of fish nursery. 11. Fish seed and brood-stock transportation. 12. Use of anesthetics and disinfectants. 13. Water quality monitoring in fish hatcheries and nurseries. 14. Breeding and larval rearing of common finfishes. 15. Histological studies of testes. 16. Preservation of pituitary gland. Prescribed Book 1. Jhingran, V.G. Pullin, R.S.V. 1997. A hatchery manual for the Common, Chineseand Indian Major Carps. Asian Development Bank, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Philippines. 2. Chonder, S.L. 1994. Induced Carp Breeding. C.B.S. Publishing New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Keshavanath and Radhakrishnan. 1990. Carp seed production technology, Asian Fishery Society, Indian branch, Mangalore. 2. Ramanathan, N. and Francis, T. 1996. Manual on breeding and larval rearing of cultivable fishes, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tuticorin.
AQC 212 SHELLFISH HATCHERY MANAGEMENT 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Natural seed resources, site selection and collection methods. Life cycle of important shellfishes: (Penaeus monodon, P. indicus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, P. vannamei, Scylla serrata, lobster, edible oyster, pearl oyster, fresh water mussels, holothurians, horse-shoe carb, Sepia, Loligo, cray fish etc.). Sexual maturity and breeding seasons of different species: Maturation stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei; Induced maturation in Penaeus monodon, P. vannamei and P. Indicus by eye stalk ablation. Reproductive physiology of crustaceans: Reproductive hormones in crustaceans. Brood stock management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Hatchery management of Shellfish: Breeding and hatchery management of Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Breeding and hatchery management of crabs,lobsters, mussels, edible and pearl oysters. Larval rearing and health management of shellfish: Food and feeding of larval stages of important shellfishes; Health management in hatcheries. Practicals 1. Identification of brood stock of important crustaceans. 2. Identification of maturity stages of important crustaceans. 3. Identification of brood stock of important molluscs. 4. Identification of maturity stages of important molluscs. 5. Observations on gonadal maturation of Penaeus monodon. 6. Observations on gonadal maturation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. 7. Observation of larval stages of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. 8. Observation of larval stages of Penaeus monodon. 9. Observation of larval stages of P. vannamei. 10. Identification of larval stages of important crustaceans. 11. Identification of larval stages of important mollusks. 12. Demonstration of eyestalk ablation in Penaeus monodon. 13. Collection, packing and transportation of shrimp/prawn seed and brood stock. 14. Practice in the operation of shrimp and prawn hatcheries. 15. Water treatment and management in shrimp and prawn hatcheries. 16. Different chemicals and drugs used in shrimp/prawn hatchery.
Prescribed Book 1. Joshua,K. et al. 1993. Shrimp Hatchery Operation and Management. Marine products Export Development Authority, Kochi, India. Reference Books 1. Aquacop.1979. Mass production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. CNEXO- COP. Tahiti French Polynesia. 2. Granvil, D. and Treece, Joe, M. Fox. 1993. Design, Operation and Training manual for an intensive shrimp hatchery- Institutional grant NA 16 RGO457-01to Texas A&M university, Sea grant college. 3. Silas, E.G. et al. (Eds.)1985. Hatchery production of penaeid prawn seed, Penaeus indicus. CMFRI.spl. publication.23. CMFRI. Kochi. 4. Thakur,N.K. et al. (Eds.) 1998. Culture of live food organisms for aqua hatcheries. Training manual. CIFE (ICAR), Mumbai.
AQC 221 ORNAMENTAL FISH PRODUCTION AND 3 (2+1) CULTURE OF FISH FOOD ORGANISMS Theory Introduction: World trade of ornamental fish and export potential; Different varieties of exotic and indigenous fishes. Setting up of an aquarium: Principles of a balanced aquarium; Fabrication, setting up and maintenance of freshwater and marine aquariums; Water quality management; Water filteration systems: biological, mechanical and chemical. Accessories for the aquarium: Types of filters; Aquarium plants and their propagation methods; Lighting and aeration; Aquarium accessories and decoratives. Aquarium fish feeds: dry, wet and live feeds. Breeding and rearing of ornamental fishes: Brood stock management; Application of genetics and biotechnology for producing quality strains; Management practices of ornamental fish farms. Ornamental fish culture: Culture of marine and brackish water ornamental fishes; Common diseases and their control. Culture food organisms: Culture of Microalgae, Culture of Rotifers, Culture of Artemia, Culture of Cladocerans and Copepods. Ornamental fish trade: Conditioning, packing, transport and quarantine methods; Trade regulations and wild life act in relation to ornamental fishes. Practicals 1. Identification of common ornamental fishes. 2. Identification of common ornamental plants. 3. Fabrication of all-glass aquarium. 4. Setting up and maintenance of Aquarium accessories and equipment. 5. Conditioning and packing of ornamental fishes. 6. Preparation of feed. 7. Setting up of breeding tank for live bearers, barbs, goldfish, tetras. 8. Setting up of breeding tank for chiclids, gouramis, fighters and catfishes. 9. Identification of ornamental fish diseases. 10. Prophylactic measures for different diseases. 11. Methods of collection different live food organisms. 12. Decapsulation of Artemia cyst. 13. Visit to an ornamental fish farm. 14. Visit to an aquarium shop. 15. Identification of live food organisms. 16. Treatment dose calculation for ornamental fish diseases. Prescribed Books 1. Dick Mills. (1998). Aquarium fishes, Dorling Kindersly Ltd, London. 2. Van Ramshorrt, J.D. 1978. The complete aquarium encyclopedia, Elseveir publishers. Reference Books 1. Jameson, J.D. and Santhanan, R. 1996. Manual of ornamental fishes and farming technologies, Fisheries College and Research institute, Tuticorin 2. Stephen spottee.1993. Marine aquarium keeping. John wiley and sons, U.S.A.
AQC 311 COASTAL AQUACULTURE AND MARICULTURE 3 (2+1) Theory Introduction: An overview of sea farming and shore-based aquaculture in different parts of the World; Resources for shore-based aquaculture and sea farming in India. Cultivable brackish water finfish and shellfish species: Traits of important cultivable fish and shellfishes (sea bass, mullet, milkfish, grouper, cobia, snappers, ayu, pearl spot, tiger shrimp, white shrimp, mud crab, mussel, clam, oysters ( both edible and pearl), lobsters, seaweeds, Seed resources. Shore based aquaculture system: Traditional (pokkali, bheries, gazanis, khazans), semi- intensive, intensive aquaculture practice of commercially important species of fish and shellfishes. Mariculture practices: Methods of Shellfish Culture in/on rafts, racks, cages, poles and ropes; Seaweed culture; Pearl culture; Sea ranching. Management & Productive potential: Water and soil quality management. Estimation of growth, survival and pond productivity. Practicals 1. Identification of important cultivable species. 2. Collection and identification of commercially important fish fishes. 3. Collection and identification of commercially important shellfishes. 4. Pond preparation - types of fertilizers. 5. Seed selection and determination of seed quality. 6. Acclimatization of seed. 7. Analysis of Water quality parameters. 8. Estimation of seed survival. 9. Pond biomass estimation. 10. Material, apparatus and machinery used in shore-based aquaculture and sea farming. 11. Estimation of feed intake. 12. Growth and health monitoring. 13. Fouling organisms in cages. 14. Fouling organisms in pens. 15. Identification of cultivable seaweeds. 16. Visit to shrimp farm. Prescribed Books 1. Bardach. 1972. Aquaculture, John Wiley and sons, New York. 2. Santhanam, R., Ranganathan, N. and Jagathesan, G. Coastal Aquaculture in India. CBS Publisher & Distributors, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Dash, M.L and Patnaik. P.N. 1994. Brackish Water Prawn Culture, Palani Paramount Publications, Palani. 2. Fast, A.W and Lester, L.J (Ed.). 1992. Marine Shrimp Culture- Principles and Practices. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company. Amsterdan. 3. Oven, O.H. 1981. Aquaculture of Grey Mullets, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 4. Thomos, P.C. 1998. Shrimp Seed Production and Farming, Casino Publications, New Delhi. 5. James P.SB.R. 1991. Manual on pearl culture techniques, C.M.F.R.I. bulletin no 39. Cochin. 6. Mc Vey. J.P. et al. 1993. CRC Hand Book of Mariculture. Vol.2. Crustacean Aquaculture. CRC Press. Boca Raton .USA
AQC 321 FISH GENETICS AND BREEDING 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Principles of genetics and breeding; Genes and chromosomes as basis of inheritance; Mendel’s law of inheritance: complete and incomplete dominance, monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. Gene interactions: Dominant and recessive epistasis; Pleiotropism; Lethal genes; Mutations; Sex - linked genes; Sex influenced and sex limited traits; Linkage and crossing over. Population Genetics: Introduction to population genetics; Hardy- Weinberg law and its significance; Chromosomal structure and aberrations; Chromosomal manipulation techniques: androgenesis, gynogenesis and polyploidy: Identification of ploidy. Hybridization: Cross breeding (hybridization) and its types; heterosis and design of cross breeding programmes; hybridization in different fishes. Quantitative genetics: Quantitative traits; polygenic traits; heritability. Selective Breeding: History and present status of selective breeding programs in aquaculture; Selection methods and mating designs; Design for selective breeding; Inbreeding and its consequences; Domestication methods. Cryopreservation of gametes.Seed certification and quarantine procedures. Practicals 1. Problems on Mendelian inheritance (qualitative genetics) – monohybrid ratios. 2. Problems on Mendelian inheritance (qualitative genetics) - dihybrid ratios. 3. Problems on Mendelian inheritance (qualitative genetics) - epistasis. 4. Problems on quantitative traits. 5. Problems on response to selection. 6. Problems on heritability. 7. Estimation of rate of inbreeding. 8. Estimation of rate heterosis. 9. Mitotic chromosome preparation. 10. Meiotic chromosome preparation 11. Demonstration of protocol of androgenesis. 12. Demonstration of protocol of gynogenesis. 13. Demonstration of protocol of polyploidy. 14. Problems on gene and genotypic frequency. 15. Gamete cryopreservation protocols. 16. Quality evaluation of cryopreserved gametes. Prescribed Books 1. Purdom, Colise 1993. Genetics and Fish Breeding. Chapman and hall, London. 2. Greg Lutz, C. 2001. Practical Genetics for Aquaculture. Fishing News Books, London. Reference Books 1. Lakra, W.S. 2000. Fish Genetics and Biotechnology. CIFE. ICAR. Mumbai. 2. Sinnot, E.W., Dunn, L.C., and, Dobzhansky, T. 1992. Principles of Genetics, Tata McGraw hill publishing company, Ltd, New Delhi 3. Tave, D. 1995. Selective Breeding Programmes For Medium Sized Fish Farms. FAO Fisheries Technical Papers No. 352, Rome, FAO, 122 p.
AQC 322 AQUACULTURE IN RESERVOIRS 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Definition; nature and extent of reservoirs in India; topography and species diversity. Reservoir productivity: Importance of morpho-edaphic index in reservoir productivity and classification; Factors influencing fish production; Trophic phases in reservoir: pre- impoundment and post-impoundment stages and their significance in establishment of reservoirs fisheries. Reservoir limnology: Salient features of reservoir limnology and their significance to fisheries development; Management of small, medium and large reservoirs; Present status and future prospects in reservoirs fish production. Reservoir stocking: Fisheries of some important reservoirs; Recent advances in reservoirs fisheries management; Conservation measures in reservoir fisheries. Fish stocking in Reservoirs Cage culture in reservoirs: History of cage culture; Advantages of cage culture; Selection of suitable site for cage culture; Cage materials, designs, shape, size and fabrication; cage frames and supporting systems; Integration of cage culture with other farming systems. Pen culture in reservoirs: History of pen culture; Pen materials, fabrication; breeding of fish in pen; Rearing of spawn in pen; Grow-out from pens. Practicals 1. Preparation of charts on the present situation of reservoirs. 2. Estimation of reservoir fisheries productivity. 3. Detailed case studies of selected reservoirs on the changing trends in capture fisheries profile. 4. Drawing inferences from the analysis of data on reservoir fisheries. 5. Suggestions for the sustainable development of reservoirs fisheries. 6. Case studies on cage culture in reservoirs. 7. Case studies on Pen culture in reservoirs. 8. Field visit to a ‘cage culture unit’. 9. Field visit to a ‘pen culture unit’. 10. Site to acquaint with construction details and operation. 11. Design of cages. 12. Design of pens. 13. Study on reservoir stocking 14. Identification of cage culture species. 15. Identification of pen culture species. 16. Formulation of feed for fishes identified for cage/pen culture. Prescribed Book 1. Ayyappan, S., 2011. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture, ICAR Publications, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Sugunan, V.V., 1995.Reservoir fisheries of India. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 345. Rome, FAO. 1995. 423 p. 2. Ahilan, B., 2013. Text Book on Fresh water Aquaculture, Daya publishing house. 3. Cage Aquaculture, 3rd Edition. Malcolm Beveridge, Black Well Publishing, Pp. 380. *********
2. DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT (AAH)
AAH 111 MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2(1+1) Theory Introduction to Microbiology: Chief characteristics of Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa. morphology, structure, size, shape, capsule, envelopes, mesosomes, ribosome, fimbriae, flagella, locomotion, nucleoids, plasmids, endospores. Microscopy: Resolving power, Bright & Dark field, phase contrast, UV, fluorescent and electron microscopes. Principles and their operational importance in microbiology. Taxonomy: Outline classification of bacteria. Examples of some important families.Bacterial stains, principles of gram’s staining, acid fast, flagellar and capsular staining. Growth: Definition of microbial growth; growth rate and generation time; mathematical expression of growth; the growth curve; continuous culture; synchronous culture; quantitative measurement of growth; physical conditions required for growth; temperature and medium. Cultivation: Bacteriological media: selective media, differential media, assay media, enumeration media, characterization media, maintenance media, solid media, semisolid media, liquid media, preparation of media; pure culture and culture characteristics; isolation of pure culture; maintenance of stock culture; systematic study of pure cultures. Viruses: Introduction: history, occurrence, nature of virus; Structure, size, shape, symmetry, nucleic acids, proteins; Classification: subphyla, classes, orders and families, with relevant examples; Animal viruses: structure of some typical viruses with special reference to fish and shrimp viruses; Viral replication, life cycle, morphogenesis; Interferon. Bacteriophases- morphology. Immunology: Types of Immunity: non-specific and specific immunity; Antigens; Immunoglobulins; Antigen-antibody reaction; Humeral and cell-mediated immunity; Immune response to infectious diseases; Immune tolerance and suppression; Serological tests: agglutination, precipitation, bacteriolysis, ELISA, immunofluorescence and immunodiagnosis. Practicals 1. Microscopy. 2. Equipment and media sterilization and Disinfection. 3. Preparation of reagents and culture media: agar plates, slants etc. 4. Staining techniques: Grams and Acid fast. 5. Staining techniques – Special staining. 6. Motility observations. 7. Aerobic and Anaerobic culture of bacteria. 8. Pure culture techniques. 9. Colony characteristics and colony counting. 10. Biochemical tests for bacteria. 11. Antibiotic sensitivity tests on pathogenic bacteria. 12. Serological tests: Immunodiffusion and Immunoelectrophorosis – Counter current. 13. Study of Serological reactions – Agglutination tests (Plate, Tube). 14. Isolation and culture of soil microbes. 15. Collection of microbial samples from pond/hatchery/aquarium. 16. Visit to any nearby aqua-clinic.
Prescribed Books 1. Pelczar, Michael J. 1993. Microbiology. Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Volk, A.W. and Wheeler, M.F. 1980. Basic Microbiology. J.B. Lippincott Company, London. Reference Books 1. Ellis, A.E. 1990. Fish Immunology. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 2. Buchanan, R.E. and Gibbons, N.E. (Co-Eds.). 1975. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative bacteriology. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore. 3. Swain, P., Sahoo, P.K. and Ayyapan, S. 2006. Fish and Shellfish Immunology - An Introduction. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi.
AAH 211 FISH AND SHELLFISH PATHOLOGY 3(2+1) Theory Introduction: Cell structure and homeostasis; Elementary tissues; Study of normal fish histology and Penaeid shrimp histology of pathological significance. Autolytic and Post Mortem changes. Definitions: Health, infection, diseases, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, morbidity, mortality, necropsy, biopsy, etc. Causes of Diseases: Intrinsic, extrinsic, physical, chemical, nutritional, and biological causes. Disturbances in Circulation: Hyperemia, congestion, hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism, infraction, oedema and blood clotting time. Disturbances in Cell Structure: Changes in cell metabolism; Progressive tissue changes; Retrogressive tissue changes; Various types of degeneration; Infiltration; Necrosis; Cell death and causes of cell death- Apoptosis. Disturbances in Pigmentation: Pigment metabolism and melanosis. Disturbances in Cellular Growth: Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, neoplasma. Inflammation: Definition, types: acute and chronic, causes, signs, circulatory changes; Healing and repair. Pathogencity Mechanism ofparasite, bacteria, virus and fungus. Phagocytosis and body defense: Mechanism, macrophages and factors influencing phagocytosis. Pathognomonic Signs of Infection: Viral inclusion Bodies: identification and characterization. Practicals 1. Identification, collection and preservation of whole specimens and organs of morbid fish and shellfish. 2. Histological techniques: tissue collection, processing, mounting and microtomy, stains and staining. 3. Preparation of temporary and permanent whole mounts. 4. Preparation of slides of tissue sections of various organs from clinical specimens. 5. Histology of different tissues of the body of normal fish. 6. Histology of different tissues of the body of normal shrimp. 7. Examinations of blood smear from a normal fish. 8. Examinations of haemolymph smear from a normal shrimp. 9. Examination of clinical specimens of fish for gross pathology and external lesions. 10. Examination of clinical specimens of shellfish for gross pathology and external lesions. 11. Examination of fish visceral organs for gross pathology such as hemorrhage, Inflammation, pallor, granulomas, ascitis. 12. Microscopic examination tissue smears and squashes from infected shrimps and prawns for identification of fouling organisms, parasites, pathogens and necrosis. 13. Histopathology of diseased fish: examination of pathological changes in the tissues of gills and gut. 14. Histopathology of diseased fish: examination of pathological changes in the tissues of liver, kidney, blood, showing hemorrhage, congestion, oedema, hypertrophy, necrosis, inflammation, septicemia. 15. Histopathology of diseased shrimps and prawns: examination of pathological changes in the tissues, lumen of gut and hepatopancreas, showing inclusion bodies, parasitization. 16. Histopathology of diseased shrimps and prawns: examination of pathological changes in the tissues of lymphoid organ, muscles, nerves, showing inclusion bodies, haemocytic infiltration, granulomas, vacuolization, necrosis.
Prescribed Book 1. Roberts, R.J. (Ed.). 1989. Fish Pathology. Bailliere Tindall, New York. Reference Books 1. Bell, T.A. and Lightner, D.V. 1988. A Handbook of Normal Penaeid Shrimp Histology. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 2. Ferguson, H. 1989. Systematic Pathology of Fish. Lowa State University Press, Lowa. 3. Lightner, D.V. 1996. A handbook of Shrimp Pathology and Diagnostic Procedures for Diseases of Cultured Penaeid Shrimp. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 4. Takash Hibiya. 1982. An Atlas of Fish Histology: Normal and Pathological Features. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo. 5. Verma, G.P. 2001. Fundamentals of Histology. New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
AAH 221 FINFISH DISEASES AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2(1+1) Theory Introduction: Significance of fish diseases in relation to Aquaculture. Role of stress in disease development.Interaction between Host, Parasite and Environment (Snieszko’s hypothesis).Predisposing and exciting factors.Physical and chemical aspects of Water Quality.Trans boundary movement of Aquatic animals and its impact on diseases. OIE list of fish diseases.Vertical and Horizontal transmission of Fish diseases.Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) seed. Viral Diseases: Nature of Viruses, Viral morphology and structure, Virus classification, Virus replication, Effects of Virus infection in the cell (Cytopathic Effect-CPE). Culture, Inactivation and preservation of viruses. Type studies: Channel Catfish Virus, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Viral hemorrhagic septicemia. Emerging viral disease – Kol Herpes Virus.Pathology, virology, Epizootiology, diagnosis and control. Parasitic Diseases: Taxonomic position, distinguishing features, reproduction and life-cycles; Signs, Pathogenesis, epizootiology, diagnosis and control of A) Protozoan Parasites:Ichthyophtherias, Trichodina, Myxobolus. Myxosporidian spore and Microsporidian spore. B) Helminth Parasites: Monogeneans - Dactylogyrus, Gyrodactylus. Digeneans – Diplostomum, Sanguinicola, Diphyllobothrium. C) Crustacean Parasites:Argulus, Lernaea, Ergasilus and Bopyrus. Bacterial Diseases: Significant bacterial pathogens of fishes and their isolation, habitat, morphology, culture (multiplication), epizootiology, clinical pathology and treatment of Flavobacteriumbranchiophylum, Flexibactercolumnaris, Aeromonasspp., Pseudomonasspp., Vibrioanguillarum and Nocardiaspp. Fungal Diseases: Saprolegniales, Aphanomycesspp. (EUS) and Branchiomycesspp. Algal Toxins.Diseases due to nutritional deficiency. Non-Infectious Diseases Zoonosis: Role of fish as intermediate host in the transmission of diseases to human. Quarantine: Significance, methods, and quarantine systems adopted in different countries. Health Management: Drugs, chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics used in aquaculture. Bioremediation, immunomodulators, Probiotics and Polyculture as strategy for health management. Practicals 1. Collection and preservation of infected fish, and preparation of case reports. 2. Live and post mortem examination of diseased fish. 3. Preparation of whole mounts of various fish parasites and their life- cycle stages. 4. Examination of characteristic features of fish parasites and their life-cycle stages. 5. Examination of organ specificity of parasites. 6. Evaluation of economic loss of any diseased pond. 7. Examination of histopathological changes in parasitized fish. 8. Study of toxic algae from fish ponds. 9. Anti-nutritional factors in fish feeds. 10. Study of non-infectious fish diseases. 11. Identification and examination of the intermediate hosts of fish parasites in the Aquatic Environment. 12. Demonstration of various chemotherapeutic agents. 13. Estimation of dose, calculation of concentration, and administration of various fish parasites. 14. Analysis of chemicals, pesticides and drugs used to control parasitic infestation in aquaculture ponds in Andhra Pradesh. 15. Visit to fish farms for health monitoring. 16. Bioremediation methods followed at field level. Prescribed Books 1. Kabata, Z. 1985. Parasites and Diseases of Fish Cultured in Tropics. Taylor & Francis, London. 2. Woo, P.T.K. (Ed). 2006. Fish Diseases and Disorders. Vol. I CAB International, Oxfordhine, U.K. Reference Books 1. Roberts, R.J. (Ed). 2001. Fish Pathology (Third edition). W.B. Saunders, London. 2. Hoffman, G.L. and Meyer, F.P. 1974. Parasites of Freshwater Fishes. T.F.H. Publications, New Jersy. 3. Shaperclaus, W. 1991. Fish Diseases. Vol. I & II. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 4. Sinderman, C.J. 1970. Principal Diseases of Marine fish and Shellfish. Academic Press, New York.
AAH 311 FISH PHARMACOLOGY 3(2+1) Theory History, branches and scope of pharmacology.Pharmacological terms and definitions, sources, nature and classification of drugs. Principles of drug activity: pharmacokinetics – routes of drug administration, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs. Factors influencing drug metabolism. Pharmacodynamics – concepts of drug and receptor, dose response relationship, half-life and withdrawal period, threshold dose, Therapeutic dose, maximal dose, toxic dose and lethal dose. Terms related to drug activity and factors modifying the drug effect and dosage. Fundamentals of drug screening and assay of drugs, adverse drug reactions and interactions.Drugs acting on digestive system, nervous system and cardiovascular system. Recent advances in pharmacology, role of biostatics pharmaceutical industry. Drugs used in fish transportation. Practicals 1. Pharmacy Calculations. 2. Pharmaceutical dosage forms. 3. Prescription Writing. 4. Incompatibilities. 5. Compounding and dispending of Powders. 6. Compounding and dispensing of Mixtures. 7. The Aims of Legislation. 8. Case studies from Aqua farms / Hatcheries. 9. Labeling the pharmaceutical products. 10. & 11. Collection of information on different Pharmacological agents used in Aquaculture in the given place. 12. Legal control of In-feed medication and environmental safety. 13. Consumer safety aspects. 14. Market authorizations. 15. Comparative evaluation of Use and Misuse of drugs. 16. Study of regulatory bodies. Prescribed Books 1. Treves Brown,K.M. 2008. Applied Fish Pharmacology. Springer International edition, New Delhi. 2. Satoskar, R.S., Bhandarkar, S.D. and Ainapure, S.S. 2001. Pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. Popular Prakashan, Mumbai. 3. Sharma, H.L. and Sharma, K.K. 2012 Principles of pharmacology: 2nd edition. Para Medical publishers, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Tripathi, K.D. 2013. Essentials of medical pharmacology: 7th edition. Jaypee brothers medical publishers pvt.ltd, New Delhi, Philadelphia, London. 2. Se-Kwonkinj. 2013. Marine Pharmacognosy, Trends and Applications. CRC Press publishers, London, Newyork.
AAH 312 CHEMOTHERAPY AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION 2(1+1) IN AQUACULTURE Theory Introduction: Definition of chemotherapy; Factors determining the treatment success: Age, sex, species, temperature and other water quality problems. Antibacterial agents: Mode of action, general principles, classification, antibacterial resistance; sulphonamides and their combination with diamino-pyrimidines, sulfones, nitrofurans and fluoroquinoles. Antibiotics: Antibiotics of different classes and their mode of action; antibiotic resistance. Antifungal and disinfectants: Kinds, mode of action, products used in aquaculture. Immunostimulants and vaccines: Principles, preparations/formulations, mechanism of action; Sources for development of formulations. Drug formulations for Aquaculture: Drug leaching, stability, binders and dosage; Water quality parameters contributing to action of antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants and antifungal agents. Practicals 1. & 2.Pharmacy preparation of different drugs, disinfectants and chemicals. 3. & 4.Estimation of MIC and MCC. 5. & 6. Experiments on withdrawal time from fish tissues. 7. Dosage estimation, active component, drug residue estimation. 8. Drug formulation – preparation of medicated feeds. 9. Demonstration of Nitromidazoles use in food fish and ornamental fish. 10. Presentation, dosage and Administration of Malachite green. 11. Chemistry, uses, Dosage and administration of Malachite green. 12. Copper sulphate, dosage and toxicological aspects. 13. Mode of action of Organo-phosphorus compounds. 14. Dichlorvos (DDVP) dosage administration. 15. Visit to a fish farm. 16. Visit to a shrimp farm.
Prescribed Books 1. Edward, J. Noga. 2010. Fish diseases Diagnosis & Treatment: 2nd edition. Wliiey Black well publications. 2. Brian Austin and Dawn Austin. 2007. Bacterial fish pathogendiseases of Farmed and WildFish: 4th edition. Praxis Publications, Chichester,UK. Reference Books 1. Schaperclaus, W. et al, 1991. Fish diseases: Vol.I. Oxonian press pvt.ltd, New Delhi. 2. Jorge C. Eiros, et al. 2008. Fish diseases: Vol.II. Science publishers. 3. Shozo Egusa. 1991. Infectious diseases offish. Oxonian press pvt.ltd. New Delhi.
AAH 321 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2(1+1) Theory DNA as genetic material: Chemistry of nucleic acids; Genetic code. Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA; Restriction Enzymes and ligases; Gene Cloning and Transgenic Fish. Application of Molecular Biology Techniques: Cell culture and cell lines; Development of vaccines against fish and shellfish diseases; Hybridoma technology: production of monoclonal antibodies; Diagnostic kits: development of gene probes, PCR techniques. Marine Biotechnology: Bioactive compounds from Marine organisms, their extraction, properties and uses. Probiotics: Growth promoters, Immunomodulators. Bioremediation: Waste water treatment, Biofilters in aquaculture, Biofertilizers, Biosensors, Bioindicators. Bioinformatics: Concept of Bioinformatics - NCBI. Gene bank sequence database - Primary and Secondary databse. Practicals 1. Isolation of DNA. 2. Isolation of RNA. 3. Available biotechnological tools in the market. 4. ELISA. 5. Immunodot test. 6. Quantification of genetic material. 7. Study of commercially important bioactive compounds of aquatic organisms. 8. Study of growth promoters used in aquaculture. 9. Study of immunomodulators used in aquaculture. 10. Study of biofilters. 11. Study of biofertilizers used in aquaculture. 12. Study of bioindicators from aquaculture ponds. 13. Concepts of genebank sequencing. 14. Biosecurity aspects involved in aquaculture. 15. Visit to biosecured aquaculture environment. 16. Protocols for gene cloning. Prescribed books 1. Purdom, Colise. 1993. Genetics and Fish Breeding. Chapman and Hall, London. 2. Greg Lutz, C. 2001. Practical genetics for Aquaculture. Fishing News Books, London. Reference Books 1. Larka, W.S. 2000. Fish Genetics and Biotechnology. CIFE. ICAR. Mumbai. 2. Sinnot, E.W., Dunn, L.C. and Dobzhansky, T. 1992. Principles of Genetics, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Tave, D. 1995. Selective breeding Programmes for Medium Sized Fish Farms. FAO Fisheries Technical Papers No. 352, Rome, FAO, 122 P. 4. Pandian, T.J., Strussmann C.A. and Marian, M.P. 2005. Fish genetics and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
AAH 322 TOXICOLOGY 2(1+1) Theory General toxicology: Definitions, fundamentals and scope of Toxicology. Acute poisons and accumulative poisons. Toxicity: Sources of pollutants/toxins in Aquaculture; Toxicity and metabolism; Factors influencing toxicity: environmental, genetic and nutritional. Bioaccumulation and bio magnifications; Modes of toxic chemical action, including enzyme inhibition and endocrine disruption. Types of toxic effects: Biochemical, molecular, physiological, behavioral, population and community levels. Metabolism of toxic substances by aquatic organisms—consequences, synergistic and antagonistic effects. Systemic effectsof toxicants: Effects of toxic metals, pesticides, herbicides, fungal and bacterial toxins. Diagnosis and Treatment: General approaches to diagnosis and treatment of poisoning. Environmental toxicology: Legal effects of environmental toxicology. Practicals
1. Estimation of LD50 and ED 50. 2. & 3. Demonstration of drug toxicity. 4. & 5.Toxicity testing methods. 6. & 7. Toxicity evaluation of heavy metals on selected organism by bioassay techniques. 8. Mode of collection and dispatch of tissues for toxicological evaluation. 9. Detection of toxic nitrites and nitrates. 10. Detection of methane. 11. Detection of Detection of hydrogen sulphide. 12. Detection of heavy metals . 13. & 14. Detection of toxicants in feeds. 15. Detection of marine toxicants. 16. Visit to Fish / shrimp farms during toxic emergencies. Prescribed Books 1. Richard, T. Digiulio, David, E. Hinton. 2008. The Toxicology of fish. CRC Press, London, New York. 2. Maduri Sharma and Govind Pandey. 2014. Toxicity and Treatment in Fish. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi. 3. Alan, G. Heath. 1995. Water pollution & Fish physiology: 2nd edition. Lewis publishers, Bocaraton, New York, London, Tokyo. Reference Books 1. Aravind Kumar. 2008. Aquatic Environment and Toxicology. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. 2. APHA. 2012. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water: 22nd edition.
AAH 421 SHELLFISH DISEASES AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2(1+1) Theory Introduction to Microbial Diseases: Significance of fish diseases in relation to Aquaculture. Role of stress in disease development.Interaction between Host, Parasite and Environment (Snieszko’s hypothesis).Physical and chemical aspects of Water Quality.Transboundary movement of Aquatic animals and its impact on diseases. OIE list of shellfish diseases.Vertical and Horizontal transmission of diseases.Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) seed. Pathogenicity and Virulence; Infectivity; Invasiveness; Toxigenicity; predisposing and Exciting Factors; postulates of Koch’s and River’s; Source of Infection, portals of entry and exit on the host; Vectors of microorganisms. Viral Diseases of Crustaceans: Indigenous and emerging viral diseases of Shrimps and Prawns: Monodon bacculo Virus (MBV); White spot Syndrome Virus (WSV); Yellow Head Virus (YHV) and Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV); Prevention and Control Measures. Emerging Viral Diseases: White Tail Disease (WTD) in Macrobrachiumrosenbergii and Gill Associated Virus (GAV) in Penaeusmonodon. Bacterial Diseases of Crustaceans: Indigenous and emerging bacterial diseases of Shrimp and Prawns: Vibrio, Aeromonasspp. and Pseudomonasspp. infections; Luminous bacterial Disease; Filamentous Bacterial Diseases; preventive and therapeutic measures. Fungal Diseases:Lagenidiumspp. and Fusariumspp. Protozoan Diseases of Crustaceans: Cotton Shrimp Disease and fouling. Parasitic diseases of Crustaceans:Microphallusspp. (Trematoda). Microbial & Viral Diseases of Molluscs: Vibriosis. Epizootics and Mass mortalities. Zoonoticdiseases Quarantine: Significance, methods of quarantine and regulations for transplant adopted for various species in different countries. BestManagementPractices (BMPs) for prevention of occurrence of diseases.
Practicals 1. Collection and preservation of diseased shrimp. 2. Collection and preservation of diseased prawn. 3. Collection, processing and Analysis of data for epidemiological investigations of important viral infections. 4. Collection, processing and analysis of data for epidemiological investigations of important bacterial infections. 5. Collection, processing and analysis of data for epidemiological investigations of important parasitic infections. 6. Collection, processing and analysis of data for epidemiological investigations of important fungal infections. 7. Postmortem and diagnosis of viral diseases of shrimp on the basis of gross signs and pathological changes. 8. Postmortem and diagnosis of bacterial diseases of shrimp based on gross signs and pathological changes. 9. Bacterial pathogens: Isolation, culture, and characterization. 10. Demonstration procedures for identification of viral agents. 11. Antibiograms: their preparation and evaluation. 12. Estimation of dose, calculation of concentration, and methods of administration of various chemotherapeutic agents to fish and shellfish. 13. Estimation of antibiotics used in aquaculture practices and their evaluation. 14. Estimation of Probiotics used in aquaculture practices and their evaluation. 15. Visit to fish farms for health monitoring and disease diagnosis. 16. Visit to shrimp and prawn farms for health monitoring and disease diagnosis. Prescribed Books 1. Sinderman, C.J. 1970. Principal Diseases of Marine Fish and Shellfish. Academic Press, New York. 2. Lydia Brown. 1993. Aquaculture for Veterinarians: Fish Husbandry and medicine. Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K. Reference Book 1. Johnson, S.K. Handbook of Shrimp Diseases. Texas A & M University, Texas. *********
3. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (FRM)
FRM 111 TAXONOMY OF FINFISH 3 (1+2) Theory Introduction: Principles of taxonomy, International code of zoological Nomenclature, Types, Classification and interrelationships, Criteria for generic and specific Identification. Morphological, Morphometric and Meristic Characteristics of Taxonomic Significance; Major Taxa of inland and marine fishes up to family Level. Classification and identifying Characters: Commercially important freshwater and marine water fishes of India and their morphological characteristics such as Lamniformes, Squaliformes, Rajiformes. Anguilliformes (Anguillidae and Muraenidae), Clupeiformes, Gonorhynchiformes (Chanidae), Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Salmoniformes (Salmonids, Trouts), Aulopiformes (Synodontidae- Lizard fish and Bombay duck), Elopiformes (Elopidae and Megalopidae). Mugiliformes (Mugilidae), Belonoformes (Belonidae, Exocoetidae, Hemiramphidae), Ophiocephaliformes (Murrels), Syngnathiformes (Hippocampus), Scorpaeiniformes (Platicephalidae). Perciformes (Centropomidae, Serranidae, Lactaridae, Sillaginidae, Echeneidae, Carangidae, Leiognathidae, Lutjanidae, Nemipteridae, Polynemidae, Sciaenidae, Chaetodontidae, Teraponidae, Cichilidae, Labridae, Acanthuridae, Sphyraenidae, Trichiuridae, Scombridae and Stromatidae). Pleuronectiformes and Tetradontiformes (Puffer fishes). Introduction to modern taxonomic tools: Karyotaxonomy, DNA barcoding, protein analysis and DNA polymorphism. Practicals 1. Studies on morphometric characteristics of bony fish (Teleost fish: Ribbon fish, Flat fish, and Puffer fish). 2. Studies on morphometric characteristics of elasmobranch fishes (Rays). 3. Methods in finfish taxonomy: External Morphology, Morphometrics, Meristic methods. 4. Methods in finfish taxonomy: Definitions of Measurements and Positions. 5. Preservation and cataloging of finfish. 6. Taxonomic description of finfish. 7. Observation on various types of mouth and caudal fins in fishes. 8. Studies on modern taxonomic tools – Protein analysis and electrophoretic studies. 9. Studies on karyotaxonomy, chromosome preparation and identification. 10. Studies on DNA barcoding and DNA polymorphism. 11. Classification and identification of Order: Rajiformes (Shark and Ray). 12. Visit to fish landing center for identification and collection of fishes. 13. Classification and identification of Order: Anguilliformes. 14. Classification and identification of Order: Clupeiformes. 15. Classification and identification of Orders: Clupeiformes and Gonorhynchiformes. 16. Classification and identification of Order: Cypriniformes. 17. Classification and identification of Order: Siluriformes. 18. Classification and identification of Orders: Siluriformes and Salmoniformes. 19. Classification and identification of Order: Aulopiformes. 20. Classification and identification of Order: Elopiformes. 21. Classification and identification of Order: Mugiliformes. 22. Classification and identification of Order: Beloniformes. 23. Visit to marine fish landing center and fish market to identify various fish species and collection of required fishes. 24. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Ophiocephaliformes, Syngnathiformes and Scorpaeiniformes 25. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Centropomidae, Serranidae, Lactaridae and Sillaginidae. 26. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Echeneidae, Carangidae, Leiognathidae and Lutjanidae. 27. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Nemipteridae, Polynemidae and Sciaenidae 28. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Scomberomoridae, Scombridae and Stromatidae 29. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Chaetodontidae, Teraponidae, Cichilidae and Labridae. 30. Classification and identification of Order: Perciformes: Families: Acanthuridae, Sphyraenidae and Trichiuridae. 31. Classification and identification of Orders: Pleuronectiformes and Tetradontiformes. 32. Visit to inland fish landing center and fish market to identify various fish species and bring required specimen to the laboratory. Prescribed Books 1. Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of The World. 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 2. Day, F. 1989. Fishes – Vol.I. Today and Tomorrow’s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Day, F. 1994. Fishes – Vol.II. Jagmander Book Agency, New Delhi. 2. Gunther, A.C.L.G. 1993. An Introduction to The Study of Fishes. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi. 3. Lagler, K.F. et al. 1977. Ichthyology.1st Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 4. Jayaram, K.C. 1998 .The Freshwater fishes of the Indian Region. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi.
FRM 112 TAXONOMY OF SHELLFISH 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Studies on classification, external morphological and meristic characteristics of crustacea and mollusca. Crustaceans: (A) Prawns and Shrimps: Morphological features, Appendages: thoracic and abdominal appendages. Taxonomic characters and classification of crustacea up to family level : Penaeidae (Penaeus, Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Litopenaeus and Marsupenaeus), Sergestidae, Oplophoridae, Atyidae, Bresiliidae, Pasiphaeidae, Alpheidae, Hippolytidae, Pandalidae, Processidae, and Stenopodidae. (B) Lobsters: Taxonomic features and classification up to family level: Palinuridae and Scyllaridae. (C) Crabs: Taxonomic features and classification of crabs: Sub Orders: Anomura (Hermit crab) and Brachyuran crabs. Molluscs: Morphometric characteristics and classification of Classes: Scaphopoda (Dentalium), Gastropoda, Pelecypoda and Cephalopoda. Corals: Classification and Study of important Corals: Phylum: Coelenterata (Cnidaria): Class: Anthozoa: Order: Scleractinia. Sponges: Classification and identification of important Sponges: Phylum: Porifera: Class: Hexactinellida; Class: Calcaria and Class: Demospongiae. Practicals 1. Studies on morphometric characteristics of shrimps, lobsters and crabs. 2. Taxonomic description of Scaphopoda, Gastropoda and Pelecypoda. 3. Collection, preservation and identification of commercially important prawns, shrimps, crabs, lobsters and molluscans from natural habitats. 4. Classification and identification of commercially important prawns. 5. Classification and identification of shrimps; Family: Penaeidae; Genus: Penaeus, Farfantepenaeus, Fenneropenaeus, Litopenaeus and Marsupenaeus. 6. Classification and identification of shrimps; Family: Penaeidae; Genus: Parapenaeus, Parapenaeopsis and Metapenaeus. 7. Observation and identification of shrimps; Family: Sergestidae, Atyidae and Hippolytidae. 8. Visit to seashore and fish landing center and estuarine areas for collection of commercially important crustaceans and molluscans. 9. Classification and identification of lobsters; Families: Palinuridae, Scyllaridae, Homaridae and Polychelidae. 10. Classification and identification of crabs; Suborders: Anomura and Brachyura. 11. Classification and identification of mollusca; Class: Gastropoda. 12. Classification and identification of mollusca; Class: Pelecypoda. 13. Classification and identification of mollusca; Class: Cephalopoda. 14. Identification of Sponges; Phylum: Porifera. 15. Identification of Corals; Class: anthozoa. 16. Visit to seashore and estuarine areas for collection of shellfish species. Prescribed Books 1. Burukovskii, R.N. 1982. Key to Shrimps and Lobsters. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Kotpal, R.L. 1992. Mollusca. Rastogi Publications, Meerut. Reference Books 1. Hochachka, W.P. 1983. The Mollusca (Vol II). Academic Press, London. 2. Kurian, K.V. and Sebastian, V.O. 1993. Prawns and Prawn Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 3. Subba Rao, N.V.S. 1989. Handbook, Fresh Water Molluscs of India. ZSI, Calcutta. 4. Narasimham, K.A. 2005. Molluscan Fisheries of India. B. R. Publishing, Delhi.
FRM 121 ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY OF FINFISH 3 (2+1) Theory Gross External Anatomy of important Finfishes: Form of body covering, appendages. Median fins, Openings, Mouth, Gill apertures, Study of oral region and associated structures, Anus and abdominal pores. Skeleton: Skull, Vertebral column and ribs, Appendicular skeleton, Dorsal and anal Fin supports, Pectoral fin supports, Pelvic fin supports. Muscles: Skeletal musculature of trunk, Median fins and paired fins, Heart muscles, Smooth muscles. Skin: Scalation, Barbles and flaps, Coloration, Light organs, Poison glands. Gills and gas bladders: Gill Structure in Cyclostomes; Chondrichthys and Osteichthys; Gas Bladder. Digestive system: Mouth ,Oral cavity, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Pylorus, Small intestine, Large intestine and anus, Accessory digestive organs, Pancreas and gall bladder. Food and feeding habits of commercially important fishes. Circulatory system: Blood, Heart, Blood Vessels, Lymph Vessels. Excretory system: Kidneys and its structure and types, Pronephrons and Glomeruli, Ureter. Reproductive system: Male and female reproductive organs, Maturity stages, gonado-somatic index, ponderal index, fecundity, sex ratio and spawning. Eggs and larval stages and developmental biology. Nervous System: Brain and spinal cord, cranial nerves, spinal nerves. Sensory System: Sound, acoustico- lateralis System, vision and photo pores, camouflage, olfaction, taste and pheromones, compound eyes, statocysts, tactile organs and olfactory setae in shrimps. Endocrine system: Important endocrine glands like pituitary, thyroid, pineal and other relevant glands in fishes. Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods. Fish migration: types and significance, tagging and marking. Practicals 1. Digestive system of finfish and its associated glands. 2. Studies on respiratory system in fishes. 3. Studies on gill structure, air bladder, air breathing organs of different types of fishes. 4. Studies on skeletal system in fishes. 5. Reproductive system of male and female fin fish. 6. Sense organs in fishes. 7. Studies on food and feeding habits in Indian major carps and exotic carps. 8. Estimation of food and feeding habits in cat fishes and Tilapia variety of fishes. 9. Analysis of gut content in plankton feeding fishes. 10. Analysis of gut content in carnivorous fishes. 11. Estimation of age and growth by direct and indirect methods. 12. Classification of maturity stages in fishes. 13. Estimation of fecundity in fishes. 14. Ova diameter studies in fishes. 15. Studies on fish eggs and larvae. 16. Tagging and marking studies. Prescribed Book 1. Lagler, K.F. et al. 1977. Ichthyology 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Canada.
Reference Books 1. Bone, Q. et al. 1995. Biology of Fishes. Blackie Academic & Professional, London. 2. Kumar, S. and Tembhre, M. 1996. Anatomy and Physiology of Fishes. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Munshi, J.S.D. 1995. Fish Morphology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
FRM 122 ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY OF SHELLFISH 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Studies on anatomical and biological systems of commercially important crustaceans and molluscs. Muscular system: Shrimps, prawns and gastropods and pelecypods. Respiratory system: Gill structure in shrimps, respiratory organs in gastropods, pelecypods and cephalopods. Digestive system: Digestive system in crustaceans and molluscans, hepatopancreas in shrimps, Food and feeding habits in crustaceans and molluscs. Circulatory system: Circulatory systemin shrimps, prawns and molluscs. Excretory system: Green glands in Shrimps, Excretory organs in molluscs. Reproductive system:Reproductive systemin shrimps, prawns and molluscs, reproductive biology, larval stages. Nervous system: Nervous system in crustaceans. Age and growth: Growth, moulting, moulting stages, length – weight relationship in crustaceans, Age and growth determination by direct and indirect methods. Practicals 1. Studies on internal organs of commercially important crustaceans. 2. Studies on internal organs of commercially important molluscans. 3. Studies on different mouth parts and feeding appendages of cultivable shrimps, prawns and other crustaceans. 4. Studies on appendages and internal anatomy of crabs. 5. Studies on appendages and mouth parts of shrimps/prawns. 6. Studies on internal anatomy of gastropods and bivalves. 7. Studies on internal parts and their biology of lobsters, squid, cuttlefish and octopus. 8. Studies on digestive system in shrimps and prawns. 9. Studies on food and feeding habits and gut content analysis in crustaceans. 10. Studies on age and growth in crustaceans and molluscs. 11. Determination of length-weight relationship and condition factor in crustaceans. 12. Estimation of maturity stages and spawning periodicity in crustaceans. 13. Determination of fecundity and larval stages in crustaceans. 14. Studies on nervous and respiratory system in shrimps/prawns. 15. Studies on food and feeding habits and gut content analysis in gastropods and bivalves. 16. Observation on larval development of molluscs. Prescribed Book 1. Lagler, K.F. et al. 1977. Ichthyology 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Canada. Reference Books 1. Bone, Q. et al. 1995. Biology of Fishes. Blackie Academic & Professional, London. 2. Kumar, S. and Tembhre, M. 1996. Anatomy and Physiology of Fishes. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Munshi, J.S.D. 1995. Fish Morphology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
FRM 211 INLAND FISHERIES 3 (2+1) Theory Fish catch statistics: Estimation of inland fish catches, fishery regions of the world and their major fisheries, species composition, global inland fish production statistics, problems in estimation, inland capture fishery resources of India. Riverine fisheries of India: Ecology of riverine environment, characteristics of streams, form of river system, physico-chemical and hydrological features of different river systems. Riverine systems and their fisheries: The Ganga, the Bramhaputra, the east coast river System, the west coast river system, Indus river system. Dams and their effect on fish migration: Importance of dams, ecological changes, effect on migratory fish, deleterious Effect, Fish Ways. Estuarine fisheries: Classification, Estuarine fishery resources of India, The Hooghly –Maltah, The Mahanadi, The Godavari, The Krishna, The Cauvery, The Adayar, The Vellar, Chilka Lake, Pulicat lake and Kerala back waters. Fisheries of lakes and reservoirs: Origin, distribution, classification and ecology of lakes, fish and fisheries of major lakes and reservoirs of India, conservation and recent developments in reservoir management. Cold water fisheries of sport or commercial importance: Important cold water fisheries, Trout and Trout hatcheries, salmon, char, mirror carp, mahaseer, snow Trout. Fishing crafts and gears: Important traditional and modern gears used in inland capture fisheries. Flood-plain capture fishery: present status of their exploitation and future prospects. Practicals 1. Studies on map – location of major Inland water bodies of India. 2. Studies on important traditional gears employed in Inland capture fisheries. 3. Studies on important modern gears employed in Inland capture fisheries. 4. Detailed studies on crafts and gears locally engaged along Nellore region. 5. Studies on various crafts used in Inland water bodies of India – rivers and reservoirs. 6. Studies on various crafts used in Inland water bodies of India - lakes and tanks. 7. Visit to Somasila Reservoir for assemblage of species composition from the catch. 8. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important riverine systems in North India. 9. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important riverine systems in South India. 10. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important reservoirs in North India. 11. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important reservoirs in South India. 12. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important fresh water lakes of North India. 13. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important fresh water lakes of South India. 14. Seasonal variation, species composition and catch statistics of important brackish water bodies. 15. Study on cold water fisheries of India. 16. Field Visit to Nellore reservoir and Nellore fish market for fish catch composition studies. Prescribed Book 1. Jhingran, V.G. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. FAO. 1999. Aquaculture Production Statistics 1988-’97. 2. Jayaram, K.C. 1999. The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region. Narendra Publication, New Delhi. 3. Munro, S.I. 1982. The Marine and Fresh Water Fishes of Ceylon. Soni Reprints Agency, New Delhi. 4. Silas, E.G. 1992. Fresh Water Prawns.Kerala Agricultural Univ., Kochi.
FRM 212 AQUATIC MAMMALS, REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS 1(1+0) Theory Introduction in relevance to Fisheries: Taxonomic status, identification characters, distribution, abundance, habitat, exploitation, threats and conservation of selected aquatic mammal, reptile, amphibian and birds species of India relevant to fisheries.
Biology of aquatic animals: Cetaceans (whales. dolphins, porpoises and narwal), Sirenia (manates and dugongs), Carnivora (seals, sea lions walruses, polar bear and otter), Sea turtles, tortoise, crocodiles, sea/freshwater snakes and amphibians.
Conservation: IUCN criteria – Red list, Wild Life (Protection) Act.
Prescribed book
1. Daniel, J. C) 2002.The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians (Bombay Natural History Society).
Reference book
1. Catriona, C. 2009.Reptiles (Usborne Beginners: Level 2)
FRM 221 PHYSIOLOGY OF FINFISH AND SHELLFISH 3 (2+1) Theory Osmoregulation: Evolutionary aspects, Functions of gills, Kidney function, Intestinal function, role of water quality, ionic regulation. Respiration: General Principles, respiratory pump, blood and water flow patterns in gills, response to external changes, other respiratory related organs. Digestion: Food passage times, digestive secretions, specific dynamic action. Circulation: Function, blood composition, hemodynamics, blood clotting, immune functions. Metabolism: Swimming speeds, biotic and abiotic change on oxygen consumption, energy usage, growth Efficiency; External factors on Growth; Metabolic Pathways. Light and Dark Muscle; Effect of exercise on muscle, specialized muscles. Sensory Perception: Vision / photoreception, Pineal organs, chemoreception, acoustico-lateralis system, function of otoliths and semicircular canals. Nervous System: Cerebral and cerebella functions, other functional centers in brain, autonomic nervous system. Reproduction: Composition of ovarian fluid, spawning behavior, release and fertilization of eggs, development, alternate reproductive strategies, sex change. Endocrine System: structure and functions of important endocrine glands.. Practicals 1. Studies on the effect of temperature on the respiratory activity of a fish. 2. Studies on the effect of temperature on the ciliary activity of fresh water mussel. 3. Estimation of digestive enzymes in the gut of fish. 4. Study on digestion in the fish gut. 5. Studies on the heart beat of a fish with the help of Kymograph assembly. 6. Enumeration of red blood corpuscles by haemocytometer. 7. Estimation of oxygen consumption in fishes. 8. Estimation of carbon-di-oxide output in fishes. 9. Estimation of ammonia in body fluid. 10. Estimation of chloride in body fluid. 11. Estimation of total free sugars in fishes. 12. Estimation of amylase activity in fishes. 13. Estimation of lipase activity in fishes. 14. Estimation of cellulase activity in fishes. 15. Estimation of phosphatase activity in fishes. 16. Estimation of glucose in fishes. Prescribed Books 1. Evans, D.H.1993. The Physiology of Fishes. CRC Press, London. 2. Santosh Kumar and Manju Tembhre, M. 1996. Anatomy and Physiology of Fishes. Vikram Publishing House. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Chapman & Hall. 1995. Environmental Biology of Fishes. T...Press Ltd., Britain. 2. Moyle, B.P. and Joseph, J.C. 1988. Fishes- An Introduction to Ichthyology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 3. Smith, L.S. 1999. Introduction to Fish Physiology. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi. Experimental physiology by S.C. Rastogi.
FRM 311 MARINE FISHERIES 3(2+1) Theory Fishery of world oceans: Classification and definition of fishery zones and fishery resources of the world, fishery resources of Indian ocean, species composition, global marine fish production, problems in estimation. Fisheries of Indian seas: Marine fish production in India , available fishing potential, sampling technique adopted for estimating marine fish landings, coastal fisheries of India. Commercially important pelagic-demersalcatches: Finfishes,Crustaceans, Prawns / shrimps, lobsters, crabs; molluscs, pearl fishery, chank fishery, clam fishery, oyster fishery, mussel fishery , sea cucumbers and sea weed resources of India. Traditional, motorized and mechanized fisheries according to major gears. Potential marine fishery resources of the India’s EEZ. GIS andRemote sensing in marine capture fishery.
Practicals 1. Studies on the map of marine fish landing centers of Indian coast. 2. Studies on the major marine fishing areas of the world. 3. Detailed studies on most important marine fishes of the world. 4. Fishing potential of the continental shelf of India. 5. Studies on the major fishery regions / zones of India along with major fish landing centers. 6. Studies on various traditional fishing crafts used in marine capture fisheries. 7. Studies on trawler, purse seiner and deep sea trawler used in marine capture fisheries. 8. Studies on traditional fishing gears used in India. 9. Studies on traditional and modern fishing gears used in marine capture fisheries. 10. Detailed studies on Indian oil sardine and other sardines and Indian mackerelfFisheries. 11. Studies on Tuna and Bombay duck fisheries. 12. Visit to Pulicat lake for data collection and analysis. 13. Studies on catfish and ribbon fish fisheries. 14. Studies on pomfret, seer fish and polynemid fisheries. 15. Studies on sciaenids, elasmobranchs, grey mullets, soles and milk fish fisheries. 16. Studies on prawn, lobster and crab Fisheries. Prescribed Books 1. Bal, D.V. and Rao, V.K. 1990. Marine Fisheries of India. Tata Magraw Hill, New Delhi. 2. Jhingran, V.G. 1991. Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Dixitulu, J.V.H. (Ed.) 1994. Hand Book on Fisheries. Global Fishing Chimes Pvt. Ltd., Visakhapatnam. 2. Iversen, E.S. 1996. Living Marine Resources. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 3. Khan, I. 1999. Marine Fishery Resources. Rajat Publications, New Delhi.
FRM 321 FISH POPULATION DYNAMICS AND STOCK ASSESSMENT 3(2+1) Theory Introduction: The concept of population and unit stock. Biological structure of fisheries resource in space and time.Indicators of dynamics in a fishery resource. Stocks: Characteristics of unit and mixed stock. Data requirements for stock assessment.segregation of stocks. Principles of stock assessment. Age and Growth: Population age structure.Theory of life tables.Von Bertulanffy’s Growth parameters.Graphical methods.Monte cario simulation model and ECOPATH model. Mortality: Estimation of total fishing and natural mortality. The concept of yield: Yield in number and Yield in weight, yield per recruit, yield curve. yield models. Yield: The concept of Maximum sustainable yield and maximum economic yield. Biological symptoms of under fishing and over fishing.Growth over-fishing and recruitment over-fishing. Fishery Management: Eumetric Fishing. Open assess fishing. CPUE, Trawl selection and gill net selection. Analytical models of fish stocks. Fisheries regulations. Practicals 1. Symbols and formulae used in population dynamics studies. 2. Sampling techniques for fish stock assessment. 3. Estimation of natural mortality. 4. Estimation of fishing mortality. 5. Exploitation ratio and exploitation rate. 6. Estimation of fishing efforts. 7. Study on gill net selectivity. 8. Study on trawl net Selectivity. 9. Estimation of MSY. 10. Estimation of FMSY. 11. Cohort analysis. 12. Calculation of yield per recruitment. 13. Surplus production model. 14. Virtual population analysis. 15. Swept area method for fish stock estimation. 16. Computer simulative models for fisheries management. Prescribed Book 1. Gulland, J.A. 1989. Fish Stock Assessment. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Reference Books 1. Hilborn, R. and Walters, J.W. 1992. Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment. Chapman & Hall Press, London. 2. Kuderskii, L.A. 1995. Population Dynamics of Commercial fish in Inland Reservoirs. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Sakgawa, T.G. (Ed.) 1995. Assessment Methodologies and Management. Oxford & IBH Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. *********
4. DEPARTMENT OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT (AEM)
AEM 111 METEOROLOGY, CLIMATOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY 2 (1+1) Theory Nature of atmosphere: Weather and climate; Composition of atmosphere; Structure of atmosphere. Heat energy of atmosphere: Process of heat transmission; Heating of atmosphere; Disposal of insolation; Irregular heating of atmosphere. Temperature: Temperature instruments; Periodic, horizontal and vertical temperature variations; Effect of vertical air motion on temperature. Humidity and Water vapour: Relationship between temperature and humidity; Distribution of water vapour in atmosphere; Evaporation; Humidity measurements and instruments. Condensation and Precipitation: Process and conditions of condensation; Forms of condensation; Precipitation; Forms of precipitation; Measurement of precipitation; Rainfall in India. Clouds and Thunderstorms: Amount of cloudiness; Ceiling; Classification of clouds; Conditions of cloud formation; Reporting and identification of clouds; Thunderstorms. Atmospheric pressure: Meaning of atmospheric pressure; The laws of gases; Pressure units; Pressure instruments; Vertical, horizontal and periodic variations; Isobars and pressure gradients. Wind: Characteristics of wind motion; Wind observation and measurement; Wind representation; Factors effecting wind motion. Terrestrial or planetary winds: Ideal planetary wind system; Planetary pressure belts; Planetary wind system; Secondary winds: Monsoon winds, land & sea breezes. Tropical cyclones: Storm divisions; Pressure and winds; Vertical structure of storm centre; Hurricane, sea swell and surge; Hurricane warning. Weather forecasting: Forecasting process; Forecasting from local indications; Role of satellite in weather forecasting; Synoptic weather charts. Effects of climate change on fisheries sector. Introduction to geography: Shape, size and structure of the earth; Concept of latitude, longitude and great circles; Model globe, maps, and different types of projections; Cartography; Landscape. Practicals 1. Graphic representation of Structure of atmosphere: Physical layering and Compositional layering. 2. Temperature instruments: Simple thermometer; Six’s max-min thermometer; Thermograph. 3. Isotherms: World mean temperatures—January and July. 4. Isotherms: India mean temperatures— January and July. 5. Humidity measurement: Hygrometer; Psychrometer; Relative humidity; Dew point. 6. Condensation: Observation and identification of various types of Clouds. 7. Depicting Sky picture. 8. Precipitation: Measurement of Rainfall using rain gauge. 9. Mapping Indian monsoons: South-west monsoon & Rainfall in June, North-east monsoon & Rainfall in December; Isohyets. 10. Atmospheric pressure measurement: Fortin’s mercurial barometer; Aneroid barometer. 11. Isobars: India mean pressure—January and July. 12. Wind observation and measurement: Wind vane; Cup anemometer. 13. Ideal terrestrial / planetary pressure and wind systems: Diagrammatic representation. 14. The Earth: Diagrammatic representation of shape, size, structure, zones, latitudes, longitudes and great circles. 15. Typical landscape mapping; Map reading. 16. Geographical terms used in landscape. Prescribed Book 1. Don, William L. 1965. Meteorology. Third Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Reference Books 1. Anandeshwari Awasthi. 1995. Indian Climatology. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 2. The Oxford School Atlas. 1995. Oxford University Press, Delhi
AEM 112 SOIL AND WATER CHEMISTRY 3(2+1) Theory Analytical methods: Principle and applications of titrimetry, gravimetry, potentiometry, conductometry, refractometry, colourimetry, turbidimetry, spectrophotometry (UV, Visible, Flame, AAS); Computerized instrument systems. Solution: Standard solutions, dilute solutions; Units of concentration; Standard curve; Nomograph. Chemistry of water: The water molecule; Properties of pure water and sea water; Composition of surface water, ground water and sea water; Dissolved gases; Factors affecting natural waters; Concept of acids, bases, salts; Concept of hydrogen ion, pH and buffer. Water analysis: Collection and preservation of water samples; Measurement of temperature, transparency, turbidity. Determination of pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, chlorinity, total solids (TDS, TSS, TVS, TVDS), dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, inorganic nitrogen (ammonium & nitrate), and phosphorous. Water quality criteria/requirements for aquaculture. Soil characteristics: Origin and nature of soils; Physical properties of soils: soil colour, soil texture, soil structure, pore space, bulk density, water holding capacity. Soil types and their distribution. Soil chemistry: Soil colloids, cation exchange, organic carbon, carbon-nitrogen ratio, soil fertility; Soil reaction: acidity, alkalinity, conductivity, redox potential. Submerged soils, wet lands, peat soils, fluxes between mud and water, methane and hydrogen sulphide formation; Problem soils: Saline soils, alkali soils, acid sulphate soils, iron pyrites. Soil reclamation. Soil analysis: Collection and preparation of soil samples; Determination of soil texture, water holding capacity, pH, conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, lime requirement. Soil quality criteria/requirements for aquaculture. Soil and Water amendments: Lime, manures, fertilizers, micronutrients, zeolilte, alum, gypsum; Environmental amelioratives: chlorination, de-odourizers and bacterial formulations. Practicals 1. Demonstration of laboratory glassware and equipments used in water and soil analysis. 2. Demonstration of UV & Visible spectrophotometer, Fame photometer, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 3. Measurement of Temperature, Transparency, Turbidity; Determination of pH and EC. 4. Determination of Salinity and Chlorinity. 5. Determination of Total solids. 6. Determination of Dissolved oxygen. 7. Determination of Free carbon dioxide. 8. Determination of Total alkalinity. 9. Determination of Total hardness. + - 10. Determination of Inorganic nitrogen (NH4 , NO3 ). 11. Determination of Phosphorous. 12. Determination of Soil texture. 13. Determination of Soil pH, Redox potential and Conductivity. 14. Determination of Organic carbon in soil. 15. Determination of Available nitrogen of soil. 16. Determination of Available phosphorous of soil. Prescribed Books 1. Boyd, C.E. 1990. Water Quality in Ponds for Aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn University, Alabama, USA. 2. Harry O. Buckman and Nyle C. Brady. 1963. The Nature and Properties of Soils. The Macmillan Company, New York. Reference Books 1. APHA. 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington. 2. Chattopadhyay, G.N. 1998. Chemical analysis of Fish Pond Soil and Water. Daya Publishing House, Delhi. 3. Hobart, H. Willard, L., Merritt, Jr., John A. Dean and Frank, A. Settle, Jr. 1986. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. Sixth Edition. CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi. 4. Ramadhas, V. and R. Santhanam. 1996. A Manual of Methods of Seawater and Sediment analysis. Fisheries College & Research Institute, Tuticorin.
AEM 121 LIMNOLOGY 3 (2+1) Theory Introduction to limnology: Inland water types, their characteristics and distribution; Ponds and lakes; Streams and rivers; Dynamics of lentic and lotic environments. Lakes, their origin and diversity: Famous lakes of the World and India; Nature of lake environment; Morphometry; Physical and chemical conditions and related phenomena; Biological relations: Influence of physical and chemical conditions on living organisms in inland waters. Plankton: Planktonic organisms; Classification of plankton; Distribution of plankton: geographic, vertical, horizontal, and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zoo-plankton; Seasonal changes of body form in planktonic organisms; Food of planktonic organisms; Primary and secondary productivity; Chemical composition of plankton. Larger aquatic plants: Character; Classification; Zonation; Seasonal relations; Quantities produced; Chemical composition; Distribution in different waters; Limnological role. Nekton: Composition; Distribution; Movements. Benthos: Classification; Zonation; Distribution; Movements and migrations; Seasonal changes in benthos; Periphyton; Profundal bottom fauna. Biological productivity: Circulation of food material; Classification of lakes based on productivity; Laws of minimum; Biotic potential and environmental resistance; Quantitative relationships in a standing crop; Trophic dynamics; Succession phenomena; Indices of productivity of lakes; Artificial enrichment. Lotic environments: Running waters in general; Physical conditions; Classification of lotic environments; Biological conditions; Influence of currents; Plant growths; Plankton; Nekton; Benthos; Temporary and headwater streams; Ecological succession; Productivity of lotic environments. Practicals 1. Morphometry of lakes, ponds, and streams. 2. Determination of physical characteristics of lentic water bodies. 3. Determination of chemical characteristics of lentic water bodies. 4. Determination of physical characteristics of lotic water bodies. 5. Determination of chemical characteristics of lotic water bodies. 6. Collection and identification of freshwater phytoplankton. 7. Enumeration and biomass estimation of freshwater phytoplankton. 8. Estimation of primary productivity in freshwater bodies. 9. Collection and identification of freshwater zooplankton. 10. Enumeration and biomass estimation of freshwater zooplankton. 11. Collection and identification of benthos from lakes/ponds/ streams / canals. 12. Enumeration and biomass estimation of benthos from lakes/ponds/ streams / canals. 13. Collection and identification of nekton / aquatic insects from freshwater bodies. 14. Collection and identification of aquatic plants from different freshwater bodies. 15. Methodology for collection and identification and enumeration of bacteria in freshwaters bodies. 16. Visit to a river/ lake/ reservoir/ tank. Prescribed Books 1. Welch, Paul S. 1952. Limnology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. 2. Horne, Alexander J. and Goldman, Charles R. 1994. Limnology. McGraw Hill Inc. New York. Reference Books 1. Edmondson, W.T. (ed.). 1992. Ward & Wipple’s Freshwater Biology. International Books & Periodicals Supply Service, New Delhi. 2. Hutchinson, G. Evelyn. 1975. A Treatise on Limnology: Volume I (Parts 1 and 2), Volume II, and Volume III. Wiley Interscience, New York. 3. Hynes, H.B.N. 1972. The Ecology of Running Waters. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 4. Tonapi, G.T. 1980. Freshwater Animals of India: An Ecological Approach. Oxford IBH, New Delhi. 5. Wetzel, Robert G. and Gene E. Likens. 1991. Limnological Analyses. Springer-Verlag, New York.
AEM 122 MARINE BIOLOGY 2 (1+1) Theory Sea as a biological environment: Physical and chemical characteristics of the marine environment; Classification of the marine environment - pelagic, benthic, euphotic, aphotic divisions and their subdivisions. General characters of the populations of the primary biotic divisions; Development of life in the sea. Populations of the sea: Plant groups of the sea: blue-green algae, green algae, red algae, brown algae, yellow-green algae, higher plants. Methods of flotation; Factors of phytoplankton production; Animal groups of the sea: synopsis of the more important systematic groups; Reproduction and life cycles in marine animals. Animals in relation to physico-chemical properties of the marine environment: Ecological groups and conditions of life: Benthos, Nekton, Zooplankton. Relations to Light, Salinity, Temperature, waves, tides, Ocean Currents (El Nino & La Nina), Oxygen. Diurnal Vertical Migrations; Bioluminescence; Red Tides: causes and effects. Organic Production in the Sea: Phytoplankton – zooplankton relationship; Geographical and seasonal variation in plankton production; Plankton and fisheries. Practicals 1. Classification of the marine environment: Diagrammatic representation. 2. Structure and operation of - Ekman bottle, Niskin bottle, Allen bottle, and ZoBell bottle. 3. Study of various marine benthos collecting devices: Peterson grab; Ekman grab; Van- Veen grab; Snappers; Naturalist’s dredge. 4. Structure and operation of Core samplers. 5. Study of various marine plankton collecting devices: Bolting cloth; Plankton nets. 6. Structure and Operation of Hardy’s plankton indicator, Hardy’s continuous plankton recorder; Clarke-Bumpus horizontal closing net; Indian Ocean Standard net. 7. Identification of Sea weeds: Blue-green algae, Green algae Red algae, Brown algae. 8. Collection, preservation and analysis of Marine benthos. 9. Collection, preservation and analysis of Marine phytoplankton. 10. Identification of common Diatoms. 11. Identification of common Dinoflagellates. 12. Collection and analysis of Marine zooplankton. 13. Identification of common Holoplanktonic forms. 14. Identification of common Meroplanktonic forms. 15. Methodology of estimating Primary productivity in the Sea. 16. Methodology of identification and enumeration of Marine bacteria from seawater and sediment samples. Prescribed Books 1. Fincham, A.A. 1984. Basic Marine Biology. British Museum (Natural History), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. 2. Sverdrup, H.U., Martin W. Johnson and Richard, H. Flemming. 1962. The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology. Asia Publishing House, Bombay. Reference Books 1. Ford, Timothy Edgcumbe. 1993. Aquatic Microbiology: An Ecological Approach. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, London. 2. Levinton, Jeffrey S. 1995. Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
AEM 211 AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY 3 (2+1) Theory Ecology: Definition; Ecological hierarchy; Subdivisions of ecology. Ecosystem: Principles and concepts; Production and Decomposition; Homeostasis of the Ecosystem. Ecological niches: Lagoons, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, flood plains, coastal wet lands, bheels, ox-bow lakes. Energy flow: Definition; Laws of thermodynamics; Energy environment; Concepts of productivity; Measurement of Primary productivity; Food chains, Food webs, Trophic levels; Ecological pyramids. Biogeochemical cycles: Patterns and Basic types; Cycling of organic nutrients; Pathways. Limiting Factors: Liebig’s law of minimum; Shelford’s law of tolerance; Physical factors as limiting factors; Ecological indicators. Community ecology: The Biotic community; Ecological dominance; Community analysis; Species diversity in communities; Patterns in communities; Ecotones. Population ecology: Population group properties; Population density and Indices of relative abundance; Concepts of rates: Natality, Mortality. Population age distribution; Population growth and Concept of carrying capacity; Population fluctuations; Types of interaction between Species. Autecology: Concept of habitat and ecological niche; Natural selection; Artificial selection. Coastal ecosystems: Coastal zone and its classification. (A) Estuaries: Classification; Physico-chemical factors; Biota and productivity; Examples of some Indian estuaries. (B) Mangroves: Definition; Mangrove plants; Factors affecting distribution; Mangrove flora and fauna; Mangrove food web; Mangrove forests of India. (C) The Sea shore: The Intertidal zone; Factors affecting life on shore; Nature of substratum, Physical factors, Zonation, Fauna and flora on a Rocky shore, Sandy shore and Muddy shore. Marine Ecosystems: (A) Coral Reefs: Conditions of growth; Types and origin of Coral reefs; Coral community metabolism; Coral destruction. (B) Marine Borers and Foulers: Types; Taxonomy; Nature and biology of Boring organisms; Factors affecting Fouling organisms; Succession of Fouling communities; Antifouling measures. Conservation of habitats: Endangered species and conservation; Fish passes for migratory fishes; Marine parks and sanctuaries; Mangrove afforestation; Artificial reefs. Aquatic biodiversity: Importance; Habitat diversity; Species diversity; Genetic diversity; Diversity indices. Biodiversity and its conservation: Threats to biodiversity; Conservation of habitats: marine parks and sanctuaries. Conservation programmes for endangered species: ex situ and in situ conservation, captive breeding and management of endangered species. Various national and international conventions and regulations concerning biodiversity, including use of selective gears and exclusion devices. Practicals 1. Ecology of freshwater ecosystems: Visit to a Lake / Natural pond / Swamp / Marsh / River / Flood plain / Reservoir. 2. Study of the habitat and biotic communities of a man-made reservoir. 3. Ecology of estuarine ecosystem: Visit to Penna / Kandaleru estuary and Observations on the physico-chemical parameters, biota and fisheries. 4. Physiography of some famous Indian estuaries. 5. Ecology of Mangrove ecosystem: Visit to a Mangrove forest, and collection of mangrove flora and fauna. 6. Identifying the mangrove flora and fauna and understanding their biology. 7. Ecology of Sea shore: Visit to a Rocky shore to study zonation and physico-chemical conditions and to collect the biota. 8. Identification of the biota of a Rocky shore. 9. Visit to a Sandy shore to study zonation and physico-chemical conditions and to collect the biota. 10. Identification of the biota of a Sandy shore. 11. Visit to a Muddy shore to study zonation and physico-chemical conditions and to collect the biota 12. Identification of the biota of a Muddy shore. 13. Ecology of Coral reefs: Collection and identification of corals and coral reef biota. 14. Ecology of Marine Borers and Foulers: Visit to marine structures on the coast; Collection and identification of borer and fouler organisms. 15. Conservation of habitats: Visit to Marine Park / Sanctuary. Understanding the steps involved in protecting endangered habitats (Mangrove Afforestation) and Species (Marine Turtles). 16. Working out biodiversity indices. Prescribed Books 1. Nair, Balakrishnan, N. and Thampy, D.M. 1980. A Text Book of Marine Ecology. The Macmillan Company of India Limited, Delhi. 2. Boaden, Patric J.S. and Raymond Seed. 1985. An Introduction to Coastal Ecology. Blackie, Glasgow and London. 3. Odum, Eugene P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. Third Edition. Nataraj Publishers Dehra Dun. Reference Books 1. Chapman, V.J. 1977. Ecosystems of the World. Vol. I. Wet Coastal Ecosystems. Elsevier, New York. 2. Krattiger, F., Jeferey, A. Mcneely & Others. 1971. Widening Perspectives on Biodiversity. Nataraj Publishers, Dehra Dun. 3. Levinton, Jeffrey S. 1995. Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology. Oxford University Press Oxford.
AEM 221 FISHERY OCEANOGRAPHY 3(2+1) Theory The Earth and the Ocean basin: Figure and size of the Earth; Distribution of water and land; Relief of Sea floor; Major features of topography and terminology; Major divisions: Continental margin, Ocean basin floor, Mid-Ocean ridge system, Deep sea trenches and deeps. Relief of Indian Ocean floor; National and international expeditions. Ocean waves: Definition and terms; Classification; Difference between surface and long waves; Wave theories; Surface wave generation, spreading, growth; Beaufort scale; Waves near coasts; Long waves: Tsunamis; Seiches; Internal waves. Ocean tides: Definition; Tidal phenomenon; Elementary tidal definitions; Tidal inequalities; Tide producing forces; Types of tides; Tidal bores; Tide prediction. Ocean currents: Definition and features; Measurement of currents: Direct and Indirect methods; Forces acting on Sea water; Drift currents, Ekman Spiral, Upwelling, Sinking; Gradient Currents; Thermohaline circulation; Characteristics, course and significance of some major Ocean currents of the World; Phenomena of ElNino. Physical properties of Sea water: Salinity and chlorinity; Temperature; Thermal properties of Sea water; Colligative and other properties of Sea water; Properties of Sea ice; Transmission of sound; Absorption of radiation; Eddy conductivity, diffusivity and viscosity. General distribution of temperature, salinity and density: Salinity and temperature of surface layer; Subsurface distribution of temperature and salinity; The T-S diagrams; Water masses of Indian Ocean. Chemistry of Sea water: Constancy of composition; Elements present in Sea water; Artificial Sea water; Dissolved gases in Sea water; Carbon dioxide system and Alkalinity; Inorganic agencies affecting composition of Sea water; Distribution of phosphates, nitrogen compounds, silicates and manganese in the Oceans; Factors influencing their distribution.
Practicals 1. Sounding and profiling of Sea bed: Demonstration of ‘Echosounder’ 2. Oceanographic instruments: Demonstration of ‘Nansen reversing water sampler’. 3. Oceanographic instruments: Demonstration of Bathythermograph 4. Preparing chart showing submarine topography of Indian Ocean. 5. Ocean waves: Diagrammatic representation of wave profile, wave refraction. 6. Ocean tides: Diagrammatic representation of tide producing forces; types of tides. 7. Tide Prediction: Tidal observations with reference to the tide tables - Visit to an estuary or Sea shore. 8. Oceanographic instruments: Demonstration of ‘Tide guage’. 9. Ocean Currents: Demonstration of ‘Current meter’ and ‘TOGA buoy’. 10. Determination of pH of Sea water. 11. Determination of Salinity of Sea water. 12. Determination of Dissolved oxygen in Sea water. 13. Determination of Free carbon dioxide and alkalinity of Sea water. 14. Determination of Nitrates in Sea water. 15. Determination of Phosphates in Sea water. 16. Determination of Silicates in Sea water. Prescribed Books 1. Reddy, M.P.M. 2000. Descriptive Oceanography. Oxford I.B.H. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Sverdrup, H.U., Martin W. and Richard, H. Flemming. 1962. The Oceans: TheirPhysics, Chemistry, and General Biology. Asia Publishing House, Bombay. Reference Books 1. Grant Gross, M. 1985. Oceanography. Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, Columbus. 2. Sharma, R.C. and M. Vatal (Mrs. M. Hukku). 1992. Oceanography for Geographers. Chaitanya Publishing House, Allahabad.
AEM 311 COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT 2 (1+1) Theory Coastal Ecosystems: Estuaries; Wet lands and Lagoons; Living and non-living resources. Remote sensing: Principles of remote sensing: orbits, electromagnetic radiation, diffraction, electro-optical, and microwave systems. Data Input; Data Management; Data Quality; Remote sensing for coastal management. Geographical Information System (GIS): Definition; Concepts; Data acquisition and management. Applications of GIS in aquatic resource identification. Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ): Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act, Coastal regulation zones for main land and islands – Environmental policies, planning, administrative and regulations. CRZ mapping. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM): Concept; Application and case studies; Communication, research, integration, institutional arrangements, regulations, stakeholder participation, the role of the private sector in ICZM. Impacts of human activities on coastal and ocean areas: Challenges related to climate change, expanding tourism, declining fisheries, intensive shipping and biodiversity protection. Problems related to sectors such as tourism and fisheries in the ICZM context; Analysis of multiple use management problems typical for the coastal areas with the maritime industry. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Principles and process; EIA of coastal industries; Evaluation and methodology; Social Impact Assessment and other developmental activities. Practicals 1. Field visit to different coastal environments to study erosion of beaches. 2. Identification of ecologically sensitive areas and protection. 3. Study on coastal living resources. 4. Study on CRZ 1991 act. 5. Study on CRZ 2011 act. 6. Study on implementation of CRZ. 7. Study on violation of CRZ. 8. Coastal zone mapping. 9. Study of ICZ M on the coastal belt. 10. Study on the demarcation of hazard line. 11. Role of NCSCM in coastal zone management. 12. Study on the issues of coastal communities. 13. Study on wetlands – Ramsar sites. 14. Study and application of remote sensing in coastal zone management. 15. Study and application of GIS in identification of aquatic resources. 16. Project preparation of EIA. Prescribed Books 1. Brahtz JFP. 1972. Coastal Zone Management. UN Department of International Economic & Social Affairs, New York. 2. Cairns J Jr. 1994. Implementing Integrated Environmental Management Virginia Tech. University. Reference Books 1. Clark JR. 1992. Integrated Management of Coastal Zones. FAO Fisheries Tech. Paper No. 327, Rome. 2. Coastal Area Management and Development 1982. UN Department of International Economic & Social Affairs, New York.
AEM 321 AQUATIC POLLUTION 3 (2+1) Theory Water and its pollution: Water resources of the Earth; Classification of natural waters; Hydrologic cycle; Definition of pollution; Point and non-point source of pollution, Fundamental concepts; Categories of additions / inputs: degradable wastes, disease causing wastes, particulate wastes, conservative wastes; dissipating wastes. Cost of pollution. Water quality: Quality of water for drinking: bacteriological quality, physical characteristics, chemical characteristics. Quality of water for industrial use; Quality of water for recreation; Quality of water for bathing. Adverse effects of water pollutant: (A) Oxygen-demanding wastes: Importance of dissolved oxygen; Oxygen demand; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD); Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); Oxygen budget; Biological effects of organic matter. (B) Excessive plant nutrients: Eutrophication; Red tides and fish kills; Sources of excess nutrients; Hypertrophic ecosystems and their characteristics; Cultural eutrophication. (C) Agents of biological dysfunction: Pesticide types and categories; Organo-chlorine compounds; Organophosphorous compounds; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); Bioaccumulation and impact on aquatic fauna and human health; Toxicology. (D) Oil Pollution: Crude oil and its fractions; Source of oil pollution; Treatment of oil spill at sea; Beach cleaning; Toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons; Ecological impact of oil pollution— case studies. (E) Sewage and domestic wastes: Composition, pollution effects, treatment and reuse. (F) Heavy metals: Interaction of heavy metals with water and aquatic organisms, their ill effects. (G) Radioactive wastes: Radioactivity and background radiation of the Earth; Radionuclide polluting; Special effects of pollution. (H) Thermal pollution: Thermal pollution and its effects; Physical and chemical nature of possible effluents from major industries. Microbial pollution: Types of aquatic microbes; Autotrophs and Heterotrophs; Saprotrophs and Necrotrophs; Sewage fungus complex; Transmission of human pathogenic organisms; Zoonosis; Development of antibiotic resistance and its impact. Ground water pollution: Underground source of drinking water; Contamination of ground water and its impact. Monitoring and Control of pollution: Biological indicators of pollution in Natural Waters; Solid waste management; Bioremediation; Phytoremediation; Advanced waste treatment measures; Pollution control boards. Practicals 1. Water sampling devices: Shallow water sampler, Deep water sampler, Sterile water sampler. 2. Physical characteristics of polluted waters: Colour, Odour, Turbidity. 3. Chemical characteristics of polluted waters: Determination of pH and Conductivity. 4. Determination of Alkalinity / Hardness. 5. Determination of BOD. 6. Determination of COD.
7. Determination of H2S. 8. Determination of Phosphates. 9. Determination of Nitrates.
10. Sediment sampling devices and Sediment analysis (pH, Organic Carbon, H2S etc.) 11. Study of Pathogenic and Coliform bacteria 12. Bacteriological quality of water: Coliforms tests, IMViC test, Standard plate count. Methods of enumerating bacterial biomass in waters & waste waters. 13. Pollution Flora and Fauna: Study of Sewage fungus complex. 14. Study of Indicator species—Algae; Protozoa, and Insect larvae. 15. Pesticides pollution: Acquaintance with different types of pesticides; Warning pictograms and symbols. Methods of pesticide residue analysis in waters and fish tissues; Bioassay and toxicity study. 16. Visit to an Industrial pollution affected water body/ ETP Unit/ Dist. Pollution Control Board office. Prescribed Books 1. Chhatwal, G.R., M.C. Mehra, T. Katyal, M. Satake, Mohan, K. and T. Nagahiro. 1995. Environmental Water Pollution and its Control. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Edward A. Laws. 1993. Aquatic Pollution. Second Edition. Wiley Interscience, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Reference Books 1. APHA. 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 19th Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington. 2. Clark, R.B. 1994. Marine Pollution. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 3. Hynes, H.B.N. 1978.The Biology of Polluted Waters. Liverpool University Press, UK. 4. Subba Rao, M.V. 1998. A Manual of Practical Methods in Environmental Science. Andhra University, Visakhapatnam.
5. DEPARTMENT OF FISH PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (FPT)
FPT 111 PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND 3(2+1) BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES Theory
Introduction: Major biomolecules in foods and their important functions. Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates. Structure, functions and properties of mono, di and polysaccharides.Isomerism.Mutarotation.Seaweed polysaccharides – sources and uses.Glycolysis and TCA cycle. Protein: Classification, structure, functions and properties of amino acids. Amino acids and polypeptide.Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins.Amphoteric property. Biuret reaction and xanthoproteic reaction.Principles of protein purification.Protein biosynthesis. Lipids: Classification, structure, functions and properties of lipids. Essential fatty acids and phospholipids.Auto-oxidation, saponification value and iodine number. Peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid number, oxidative and hydrolytic rancidity. Principles of fatty acid analysis.Significance of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Nucleic Acids: Structure, function and importance of nucleic acids. Genetic code and recombinant DNA.Transcription and translation. Enzymes: Nomenclature, classification, specificity and mechanism of enzyme action. Kinetics and regulation of enzyme activity, purification of enzymes, etc. Hormones: Steroid and Peptide hormones –chemistry and function. Vitamins: Structure and functions of fat and water soluble vitamins. Biochemical Techniques: Basic principles and applications of UV and Visible spectroscopy; Chromatography; TLC, GC, LC, Affinity Chromatography, Gel filtration HPLC and Ion exchange chromatography; Electrophoresis; Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; Mass Spectrographic and Ultracentrifugation. Practicals 1. Preparation of chemical solutions. 2. Preparation of Buffers and Reagents. 3. Determination of pH with indicator papers. 4. Estimation of moisture content in fish tissue. 5. Estimation of protein in fish tissue. 6. Estimation of total lipids in fish tissue. 7. Estimation of Glucose in fish tissue. 8. Determination of Saponification and Iodine value in fish oil. 9. Principles and application of spectrophotometry. 10. Estimation of Proteins by colorimetric method. 11. Principles and application of paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. 12. Principles and application of Ion exchange chromatography. 13. Principles and application of Gas chromatography. 14. Principles and application of HPLC. 15. Principles and application of Electrophoresis. 16. Identification of Amino acids by paper chromatography. Prescribed Books 1. Leninger, A.L. 1990. Biochemistry, CBS publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., Shahdara, Delhi. 2. Wilson, K. and Walker, J. 2000. Practical Biochemistry:Principles and Techniques. University of Cambridge, UK. Reference Books 1. Eric, E. C., Paul K., Stum P.F., George, B. and Roy, H. D. 1995. Outlines of Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Canada. 2. Palanivelu, S. and Shanmugavelu, S. 1993. Principles of Biochemistry and Biotechniques. Palani paramount publications, Madurai. 3. Prakash, M. and Arora, C.K. 1998. Laboratory Instrumentation, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
FPT 112 FISH IN NUTRITION 1(1+0) Theory Introduction: Composition of fish with emphasis on nutritional value. Basic Concepts of Nutrition: Biological value, Protein Efficiency Ratio, Net protein utilization. Amino acids: Amino acids of fish and shellfishes and importance of essential amino acids. Fish lipids: Fatty acids, nutritional quality. Role of fish lipids in human nutrition. Non-protein nitrogen substances in fishes. Vitamins in fish: Water soluble, fat soluble, significance in human nutrition. Minerals in fish: Micro- and macro- elements, trace elements, significance in human nutrition. Other functional bio-molecules in fish – Peptides, collagen and squalene. Effect of different kinds of cooking fish i.e., Curry, frying, steaming, smoking, fermentation on nutrition value. Prescribed Books 1. Taneko Suzuki. 1981. Fish & Krill Protein: Processing Technology. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London. 2. Joyce Nettleton. 1985. Sea food Nutrition. Van Nojhand Reinhold, Newyork. 3. Meera vashishit . 1998. Food nutrition and processing –Anmol publication pvt. Ltd. Reference Books 1. Govindhan.T.K. 1985. Fish processing Technology. Oxford & IBH Publishing co., New Delhi. 2. Shahidi, F. and J.R. Botta. 1994. Seafoods chemistry, Processing Technology and Quality. Blakie Academic and Professional, U.K. 3. Swaminathan, M. 1985. Hand book of Food and Nutrition – The Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, Ltd. Mysore road.
FPT 121 FISH BIOCHEMISTRY 3(2+1) Theory Composition of food and nutritional value: Moisture in foods. Biological oxidation, electron transport chain, P/O ratio; Oxidative phosphorylation. Carbohydrates: Naturally occurring polysaccharides in foods. Seaweed polysaccharides – sources and uses. Browning reactions – enzymatic and non-enzymatic. Lipids: metabolism of lipids, oxidation of fatty acids, lipoproteins; VLDL and HDL and their importance. Proteins: metabolism, deamination, decarboxylation, metabolic fate of amino acids, nitrogen balance. Deamination reactions and nitrogen excretion with special reference to fish. Fish muscle proteins, chemical changes in muscle during contraction. Proteins in foods, role in hydration – native and denatured proteins, gel formation, functional properties of proteins, changes during heat treatment and processing, texturised proteins. Flavour & Odour: Chemistry of taste, flavour and odour components in foods, flavour intensifiers, synthetic flavouring substances. The taste of fish and shellfish. Food additives – types and their chemical nature, emulsifiers and antimicrobial additives, sequestrants, flavour potentiators, surface active agents; non-nutritive sweeteners, colour additives in food. Assessment of quality of food: Instrumental and chemical methods. Concepts of Fish Biochemistry: Nutritive value of foods. Energy value and energy requirements and their estimation.Water, electrolytic and acid-base balance. Nutritive value of proteins PER, BV digestibility coefficient, NPU values, pepsin digestibility. Role of fibre in human nutrition. Practicals 1. Estimation of moisture. 2. Estimation of crude protein. 3. Estimation of fat. 4. Estimation of ash (including acid soluble) in fish sample. 5. Determination of energy value of fish. 6. Estimation of glucose and salt content in foods. 7. Colorimetric method of estimation of proteins. 8. Colorimetric method of estimation of carbohydrates. 9. Use of pH meter. 10. Estimation of TVBN. 11. Estimation of Estimation of TMAN. 12. Estimation of alpha-amino nitrogen. 13. Estimation of PV. 14. Estimation of FFA. 15. Estimation of TBA value of fish. 16. Estimation of fibre in foods.
Prescribed Books 1. Leninger, A.L. 1990. Biochemistry, CBS publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd., Shahdara, Delhi. 2. Wilson, K. and Walker, J. 2000. Practical Biochemistry:Principles and Techniques. University of Cambridge, UK. Reference Books 1. Eric, E. C., Paul K., Stum P.F., George, B. and Roy, H. D. 1995. Outlines of Biochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Canada. 2. Palanivelu, S. and Shanmugavelu, S. 1993. Principles of Biochemistry and Biotechniques. Palani paramount publications, Madurai. 3. Prakash, M. and Arora, C.K. 1998. Laboratory Instrumentation, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
FPT 211 FREEZING TECHNOLOGY 2(1+1) Theory Introduction to freezing technology: History of Freezing, characteristics of fish and shell fish; changes in fish after death, spoilage of fish, spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Handling & Sanitation: Handling of fresh fish; Sanitation in processing plants. Chilling of fish: Methods and equipment for hilling; icing – quality of ice, ice making; refrigerated or chilled sea water, chilling rate; spoilage of fish during chilled storage; use of antibiotics and chemicals. Freezing of fish: Fundamental aspects; Principles of low temperature preservation of foods. Heat units; freezing point depression, eutectic point; freezing rate, latent heat, specific heat, fundamentals of cooling and freezing, calculation of refrigeration load and ton of refrigeration Methods of freezing: Freezing techniques – sharp freezing, contact plate freezing, air blast freezing, IQF, Cryogenic freezing, immersion freezing, drum freezing and liquid carbon dioxide freezing, physic chemical changes that occur during freezing, mechanism of ice crystal formation; Freeze drying: Principle, Process, AFD Freezing of Fish: Preparation of fish for freezing, Unit operations involved in freezing, freezing of fish in Different styles, Packaging grades of frozen fish. Freezing of Shrimps: Preparation of shrimp for freezing, Unit operations involved in freezing, freezing of shrimp in Different styles, Packaging grades of frozen shrimp. Freezing of Crabs and Lobsters: Different styles and unit operations involved in freezing; packaging grades. Freezing of Cuttle fish and squids: Different styles and unit operations involved in freezing; packaging grades. Changes that occur during frozen storage: microbiological, physical and chemical changes, protein denaturation, fat oxidation, dehydration, drip. Protective treatments: Importance of various treatments, polyphosphate, antioxidants, antibiotic, etc. Glazing: Importance and advantages; methods of glazing; precautions and conditions on glazing. Thawing of frozen fish: Methods of thawing.Advantages and disadvantages. Transportation and marketing of frozen fish and fishery products: Cold chain, quality control. HACCP concept followed in freezing industry. Practicals 1. Study of refrigeration cycle. 2. Sanitation and plant housekeeping. 3. Chilling and freezing equipment, instruments. 4. Different Packages. 5. Freezing of fish in different styles. 6. Freezing of crustaceans in different styles. 7. Freezing of molluscs in different styles. 8. Methods of icing fish; cooling rate. 9. Preservation by chilled sea water. 10. Freezing and thawing curves. 11. Freezing of different varieties of fish. 12. Freezing of different varieties shellfish. 13. Estimation of drip. 14. Determination of quality changes during frozen storage. 15. Inspection of frozen fishery products. 16. Visit to ice plant, freezing plant, cold storage. Prescribed Books 1. Borgstom.G.E.1962. Fish as Food, Vol. I to Vol. IV,. Academic Press, New York. 2. Regenstein, J.M. and Regenstein, C.E. 1991. Introduction to Fish Technology. An Osprey Book, Van, Nostrand, Reinhold, USA. 3. Balachandran, K.K. 2001. Post – Harvest Technology of Fish and Fish Products. Daya Publishing House, Delhi. Reference Books 1. Ciobanu, A. et al. 1976. Cooling Technology in the Food Industry. Abacus Press, Abacus House, Speldhurst Road, Kent, England. 2. Graham Bligh . E. 1992. Seafood Science and Technology. Fishing News Books London. 3. Stansby,E. 1963. Industrial Fishery Technology. NOASEATLE Publishing Co.
FPT 221 FISH PRODUCTS AND VALUE ADDITION 3(2+1) Theory Principle of fish preservation and processing: Aims of fish processing, unit processes involved in fish processing. Processing of fish by traditional methods: (A) Salting: Theory of salting, methods of salting- west salting packaging of salted fish, preservative ation of salt, types of salts, salt curing methods and spoilage of salted fish, packaging and quality standards (B) Drying: Sun drying and dehydration – theory, Principles of drying and dehydration and artificial drying-solar dryer, spoilage of dried fish, Packaging and quality standards (C) Smoking: Basic process, chemical composition of wood smoke and their role in preservation. Methods of smoking and equipments used for smoking. Carcinogenic compound in wood and methods to remove them, effect of smoking on nutritive value of fish Hurdle technology: Principles and usefulness in fish preservation and processing. Marinaded and fermented fish products: Role of acids in marinades, fish and prawn pickles, fish sauce and fish paste, traditional Indian fermented products. Fermented fish products of Southeast Asia. Fish Paste products: Principles and methods of preparation of various fish paste products like fish sausage, fish ham, surimi, fish cake, kamaboko etc. Fish muscle structure, myofibrillar protein and their role in elasticity formation. Suitability of different varities of fish for preparation of fish paste products.Minced meat technology. Types of spoilage in fish paste products and its prevention. Extruded products: Theory of extrusion, equipments used, advantages of extruded products, methods of preparation of extruded products. Value added fish products: Value addition to fish and fish products, advantages and disadvantages, different types. Diversified fish products: Preparation of battered and breaded products – fish finger, fish cutlet, fish wafer, and fish soup powder etc. and imitation products. Other products: Preparation of functional fish protein isolates; Marine beef and their incorporation in various products such as fish papad, fish spirals, fish jam, fish rings, etc. HACCP in safe products production. Practicals 1. Preparation of salted fish by different methods. 2. Preparation of dried fish by different methods. 3. Preparation of smoked fish by different methods. 4. Quality assessment of salted, dried and smoked fish. 5. Preparation of prawn pickles. 6. Preparation of fish pickles. 7. Preparation of fermented fish sauce. 8. Preparation of marinaded products. 9. Preparation of surimi. 10. Preparation of surimi base products. 11. Preparation of diversified fish products. 12. Preparation of value added fish products. 13. Quality assessment of market sample of dried and fermented fish products. 14. Preparation of fish sausages in natural and synthetic casings. 15. Preparation of imitation products. 16. Estimation of jelly strength and other quality factors in fish sausages production.
Prescribed Books 1. Taneko Suzuki. 1981. Fish & Krill Protein: Processing Technology. Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London. 2. Ruiter. 1995. Fish and Fishery Products. CAB International Publication. Reference Books 1. Winton & Winton. 1999. Fish and Fish Products. Allied Scientific Publishers. 2. Sen, D.P. 2005. Advantages in Fish Processing Technology. Allied publishers Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai.
FPT 311 MICROBIOLOGY OF FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS 3(2+1) Theory Introduction and history of microorganisms in foods.Role and significance of microorganisms in nature and in foods.Sources and types of microorganisms in fish and fishery products.Factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) affecting the growth and survival of microorganisms in food. Enumeration of microorganisms in food by conventional and rapid techniques. Microbial principles of fish preservation and processing by application of low temperature, high temperature, drying, irradiation and chemicals. Microbiology and spoilage of fish: Fresh, iced, frozen, semi processed and processed fish and fishery products. Control measures to reduce microbial load in fish and fishery products. Indicators of microbiological quality of fish and fishery products. Bacteria of public health significance: Foods borne pathogens involved in infective and intoxication type of food poisoning – Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, E.coli, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, C.perfringens, Campylobacter and Staphylococcus aureus – their occurrence growth, survival pathogenicity and prevention and risk assesment. Other biological hazardss associated with fish and fishery products-Marine toxins-Shellfish toxins, scombroid toxins, ciguatera toxins and puffer fish toxins; mycotoxins, parasite and viruses.
Practicals 1. Sampling and processing of samples for microbiological investigation. 2. Enumeration of microorganisms associated with finfish. 3. Enumeration of microorganisms associated shell fish. 4. Enumeration of microorganisms associated water and ice. 5. Testing of water for potability. 6. Enumeration of microorganisms from fish and fishery products – total plate count. 7. Isolation and identification of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products. 8. Isolation and identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fish and fishery products. 9. Isolation and identification of E.coli in fish and fishery products. 10. Isolation and identification of Salmonella in fish and fishery products. 11. Isolation and identification of Listeria monocytogens in fish and fishery products. 12. Isolation and identification of Faecal streptococci in fish and fishery products. 13. Enumeration of specific spoilage microbes from fish and fishery products. 14. Biochemical tests for characterization of bacteria. 15. Molecular methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganism. 16. Determination of MIC and MCC of chemical preservatives. Prescribed Books 1. Connell, J.J. 1980. Control of Fish Quality. Springer – Verlag, NewYork. 2. Huss, H.H., et al.1992. Quality Assurance in the Fish Industry. Elsever Science Publishers, B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands. 3. Jeyasekharan, G., Jaya Shakila, R. and Sukumar, D. 2006. Quality and Safety of Sea foods – Text Book, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. 4. Surendran, P.K., Nirmala thampuran, Narayanan Nambiar, V. and Lalitha, K.V. 2003. Laboratory Manual on Microbiological Examination of Sea food, CIFT, Cochin. 5. Quality Assurance in sea food Processing. 2005. Published by CIFT, Cochin. Reference Books 1. Burgess, et al. 1982. Fish Inspection and Quality Control. Fishing News Books Ltd England. 2. Bonell, A.O. 1994. Quality Assurance in Seafood Processing: A practical Guide. Chapman and Hall, New York. 3. Huss, H.H. 1994. Assurance of Seafood Quality. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 334, FAO, Rome, Italy. 4. Guthrie, R.K. 1988. Food Sanitation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
FPT 312 FISH BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTE UTILIZATION 2(1+1) Theory Fish meal: Dry reduction and water deduction methods; Specification; Packaging and storage. Fish body oil: Extraction; Purification; Preservation; Storage; Application. Fish liver oil Extraction; Purification; Preservation; Storage; Application; Refining and uses. Extraction of squalene. Shrimp wastes: Chitin; Chitosan: production and uses. Fish protein concentrate: functional fish protein concentration rate and their incorporation to various products. Fish hydrolysate Fish meat: Partially hydrolyzed and deodorized fish meat. Fish silage: Raw materials, methods of preparation - acid silage-fermented silage – application. Fish maws: Preparation and uses. Shark leather: Preservation, processing and its uses. Fish glue: Preparation and its uses. Fish gelatine: Preparation and its uses. Isinglass: Raw materials, production, properties and uses. Pearl essences: Preparation and uses. Fish factice: Preparation and its uses. Fish manure: Preparation of fish guano, pit fish manure, dry fish manure, prawn manure and their uses. Shark fin rays: Preservation of shark fin rays; extraction of shark fin rays and their uses. Sea cucumber: Preparation of beach-de-mer and its uses. Biochemical, pharmaceutical and other products: Insulin, fish albumin, peptones, fish sutures, ambergris etc. By-products from sea weeds: Utilization of seaweeds; Production of - agar-agar, alginic acid, alginate, mannitol, carrageenan, nori and their uses. Practicals 1. Preparation of fish meal. 2. Preparation of fish body oil. 3. Preparation of fish liver oil. 4. Preparation of fish maws. 5. Preparation of isinglass. 6. Preparation of fish silage. 7. Preparation of ensilage. 8. Preparation of fish glue. 9. Preparation of fish gelatine. 10. Preparation of fattice. 11. Preparation of peal essence. 12. Preparation of chitin, chitosan. 13. Preparation of fish manure. 14. Preparation of acid and fermented silage. 15. Preparation of fish protein concentrate. 16. Preparation of fish hydrolysate. Prescribed Books 1. Brody.J. Fishery By-products Technology. AVI Publishing Company. 2. Velayutham, P. and Indira Jasmine, G. 1996. Manual on Fishery By-Products, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. Reference Books 1. Gopakumar, K. 1997. Tropical Fishery Products. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Shahidi,F and.J.R. Botta, 1994. Seafoods chemistry, Processing Technology and Quality. Blakie Academic and Professional, U.K.
FPT 321 FISH CANNING TECHNOLOGY 2(1+1) Theory Introduction to canning: Principles and its historical developments. Advantages of canning in relation to other preservation methods, Raw materials and sub materials, their characteristics and suitability for canning. Concepts of canning: Classification of foods based on pH, commercial sterility, Absolute sterility, pasteurization and sterilization. Canning process: General steps in canning procedure and importance, preparation of raw material, packing, pre-cooking, exhausting, seaming, retorting, cooling, labelling and storage. HTST process and aseptic canning: Principle and technique. Retort pouch packaging: Principle and technique. Principles of thermal processing: Heat resistance of microorganisms, heat penetration studies, mechanism of heat transfer. Cold spot and its importance, convection and conduction type of packs. Process calculation by general/ graphical methods, estimation of F0 value of the process (D value, Z value, TDT, F value, lethal rate).Commercial sterilization, 12-D concept. Canning of commercially important fishes: Mackerels, sardines, seer fish, pomfrets, tuna, carps and shell fishes (prawn/shrimp) and cephalopods. Spoilage of canned foods: types, causes and preventive measures and other quality defects related to canning of fish. Quality Aspects: Quality standards, plant layout, hygiene and sanitation and waste disposal. Can making materials: Types of packing materials for canned foods, metal containers (Tin Plate, TFS, Aluminium cans) and retortable pouches. Irradiation: Principles, methods, radiation sources, dose levels, effect of irradiation on the keeping quality of fish and other sea foods.
Practicals 1. Study of different types of cans. 2. Study of canning equipments. 3. Study of layout of cannery. 4. Canning of different varieties of fish. 5. Canning of different varieties of shell fish. 6. Cut out test of canned products. 7. Examination of can double seam. 8. Study on Heat resistance of bacteria. 9. Heat penetration studies in canned food. 10. Thermal process calculation by general method. 11. Study of spoilage condition in canned products. 12. Familiarization with various packaging materials and containers for fish products. 13. Study of water holding capacity of can. 14. Study of relationship between can closing temperature and head space. 15. Study of relationship between can closing temperature and resultant vacuum. 16. Study on defects in canned fish and fishery products. 1. Prescribed Books 1. Balachandran, K.K. 2004. Fish Canning Principles and Practices. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, ICAR, Cochin. 2. Footitt, R.J.& Lewis, A.S. 1995. The Canning of Fish& Meat. Blackie Academic professional. Reference books 1. Warne, D. 1988. Manual on Fish Canning. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper: 285. 2. Wheaton, F. W. and T. B. Lawson,. 1985. Processing Aquatic Food Products, A Wiely – Inter Science Publication. U.S.A.
FPT 322 FISH PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY 2(1+1) Theory Introduction to packaging: Importance of packaging in fish processing, functions, objectives and requirements. Characteristics of various packaging materials: Metal, paper, paper board, wood, corrugated fiber board, plastics and multilayer laminates, basic and laminates, principles of their manufacture and their identification. Packaging materials: Properties of packaging materials and their use in protective packaging with special reference to food. Printing for packaging and print identification. Closures of packaging, heat seals bottle closure. Packaging of products: Principles of packaging fresh produce, handling and transportation of frozen fish and fishery products, cured and pickled fish products, paste products, canned and value added products etc. Packaging for retail sale and storage. Packaging equipment and machinery: Package design, evaluation and testing. Flexible packaging materials: Rigid containers, thermoform containers, glass containers, corrugated fiber boards, duplex cartons, edible packaging materials. Laminations and co-extrusions. Retort pouch packaging: Advantages and disadvantages. Methods of packaging: Biodegradable films, vacuum packaging, active packaging. MAP, Polymeric Packaging, CAP etc. Transport worthiness of packaging materials: Accelerated shelf testing. Materials and their safe use in food contact application. Packaging regulations: Safety and legislation aspects of packing. Labelling and bar coding. Practicals 1. Determination of grammage of paper and board. 2. Study on bursting strength and burst factor of paper and board. 3. Study on punctures resistance, water proofness of paper and board. 4. Study on stiffness of the board, ring stiffness of paper and board. 5. Study on flat crush tensiles strength and elongation at break of plastic films. 6. Study on density of plastic films. 7. Study on breaking length, impact strength of plastic films. 8. Study on tearing strength of paper and plastic films. 9. Study on Water vapour transmission rate, oxygen transmission rate, heat seal strength of packaging material. 10. Suitability of plastic films for food contact applications. 11. Evaluation of retort pouch. 12. Identification of plastic films. 13. Assessment of quality of packaging material used for packaging of fish and fishery products. 14. Characteristics of various packaging materials. 15. Various methods of packaging. 16. Preparation of laminates. Prescribed Books 1. Gopakumar.K, 1993. Fish Packaging Technology –Materials & Methods. Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi. 2. Jeya Shakila, R., Sukumar, D. and Velayutham, P. 2007. Packaging of Fish and Fishery Products. TANUVASU, Tamil Nadu. 3. Ninawe, A.S. and RatnaKumar, K. 2008. Fish Processing Technology and Product Development. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi. Reference books 1. Wheaton, F. W. and T. B. Lawson,. 1985. Processing Aquatic Food Products, A Wiely – Inter Science Publication. U.S.A.
FPT 421 QUALITY ASSURANCE OF FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS 3(2+1) Theory Microbial Ecology of fish: Quality dimensions of seafood –sensory, intrinsic quantitative and affective parameters. Pre-harvest and post harvest factors affecting quality. Qualityproblems: Problems associated with fresh and iced fish,frozen, canned, cured fish and other fish products viz., ready to eat, ready to cook, surimi based products etc., . Quality changes during processing. Importance of quality, definitions and terminologies. Quality Management: Application of HACCP concept in surveillance and quality assurance programmes for raw, frozen canned, cured, irradiated, cooked and chilled, modified atmosphere packaged and freeze dried products. Risk assessment. Plant hygiene and sanitation: Principles of plant hygiene and sanitation, pest control, personnel hygiene, planning and layout, equipment construction and design. Food laws and standards: National and international legislation, mandatory and non mandatory standards. Role of export inspection council & export inspection agency and MPEDA in fish and fishery products. Executive instructions on fish and fishery products legislation for export quality assurance in India. Certification system for fish and fishery products. Legal basis for monitoring products related EU requirements. Scheme for fish approval and monitoring establishment/factory vessels/freezer vessels processing/storing fish and fishery products for export.Complaint handling procedure on fish and fishery products interpretation of test reports and limits on chemical residues.GOI notifications on fish and fishery products.General requirements for export of fish and fishery products to the EU.International regulatory framework for fish safety and quality. Prerequisites to HACCP Labelling for product traceability and labelling requirements- National and international , legislation on labelling, components of traceability code-nutrition facts and nutrition labelling specific requirements of nutrition labelling, food meant for specific age group and convalescing people. Traceability: EU legislation on traceability of fish and fish products, Assessment of food safety programmes. The HACCP for seafood industries and protection of food from adulterants.Standards for sea foods. FSSA, FDA, ISO. Food additives: Use of additives in seafood processing as quality enhancers, permitted additives and levels. Seafood safety and authenticity. Waste management in seafood processing industries. Practicals 1. Assessment of quality of fresh fish by sensory methods. 2. Assessment of quality of fresh fish by biochemical methods. 3. Assessment of quality of fresh fish by instrumental methods. 4. Assessment of quality of fresh fish by physical methods. 5. Estimation of Chlorination. 6. Estimation of Hardness. 7. Quality analysis of canned fish products. 8. Quality analysis of frozen fish products. 9. Quality analysis of cured fish products. 10. Quality analysis of pickled fish products. 11. Quality tests for tin and corrugated containers. 12. Assessment of plant, equipment sanitation and personnel hygiene. 13. Detection of filth and extraneous matter in traditional processed products. 14. Quality of water used in processing plants. 15. Disposal of fish processing waste. 16. Application of ISO 9000 in fish processing plants. Prescribed Books 1. Connell, J.J. 1980. Control of Fish Quality. Springer – Verlag, NewYork. 2. Huss, H.H., et al.1992. Quality Assurance in the Fish Industry. Elsever Science Publishers, B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands. 3. Jeyasekharan, G., Jaya Shakila, R. and Sukumar, D. 2006. Quality and Safety of Seafoods – Text Book, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai. 4. Quality Assurance in Sea Food Processing. 2005. Published by CIFT, Cochin. Reference Books 1. Burgess, et al. 1982. Fish Inspection and Quality Control. Fishing News Books Ltd England. 2. Bonell, A.O. 1994. Quality Assurance in Seafood Processing: A practical Guide. Chapman and Hall, New York. 3. Huss, H.H. 1994. Assurance of Seafood Quality. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 334, FAO, Rome, Italy. 4. Guthrie, R.K. 1988. Food Sanitation. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. *********
6. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES ENGINEERING (FEG)
FEG 211 REFRIGERATION AND EQUIPMENT ENGINEERING 3 (2+1) Theory Fundamentals: Force, work, power, energy, volume, pressure, temperature. Heat, specific heat, sensible heat, latent heat, comparison between heat and work-A path function. Laws of Thermo Dynamics: Different types of heat involved: Sensible heat, latent heat, pressure, Volume, Temperature and Thermodynamics cycles. Thermodynamics cycle, entropy, enthalpy. Refrigeration: History of refrigeration, Definition, principle, classification. Types of refrigeration systems i.e., Air refrigeration, vapour absorption refrigeration system. Vapour compression refrigeration system. Types of Vapour compression refrigeration cycles i.e., Theoretical Vapour compression refrigeration cycle, Actual refrigeration cycle. Compressors, Condensers, Receivers, Evaporators, Expansion valves, Auxiliary Equipments, Study of Automatic Control Devices; Refrigeration plant: Layout of refrigeration plant, Construction. Insulating materials used for the cold storage construction, Frozen product storage capacity of cold storage, usage of Ante- room. Refrigerant: Primary refrigerant, secondary refrigerant, properties, ideal refrigerant, leakage detection. Ice-plant: Ice plant planning Brine tank construction, preparation of brine ,Types of ice, Storing of ice, Equipments used in ice plants. Freezers: Definition, Design and construction of freezers i.e. Plate freezer, Blast freezer, Tunnel freezer, spray or immersion freezers, refrigerated fish rooms and fish hold. Alternative refrigeration technique arrangements used onboard the fishing vessel i.e., Refrigerated sea water (RSW), Chilled sea water (CSW). Refrigerated transport. Cooling load: Unit of refrigeration, coefficient of performance (C.O.P),Refrigeration effect, study and use of Psychometric chart. Cooling load estimation, introduction, components of cooling load, heat gain through walls, roofs, products, occupants, lighting equipments. Theory of machines: Transmission of power, friction wheels, shaft , gears, belt and Chain drive. Equipments commonly used in Fish Processing Units. Study of Machinery used for Freezing; Canning and Packaging. Special Equipment for Freeze –Drying; Irradiation and Cryogenics.Deck fittings – Winches, Mast, Derrick, Gallows etc. Maintenance: Definition, Types of maintenance, general maintenance of freezing plant, cold storage and ice plant. Practicals 1. Graphically represented symbols used in refrigeration. 2. Calculation on thermodynamics. 3. Handling and operation of Compressors. 4. Handling and operation of Condensers. 5. Handling and operation of Evaporators. 6. Handling and operation of Expansion valves. 7. Handling of low pressures and high-pressure switches. 8. Calculations on Refrigeration effect and cooling estimate. 9. Ice Making and Harvesting. 10. Conventional representation of common engineering component and features. 11. Power transmission line diagram of different fish processing machineries. 12. Study of different types of gallows. 13. Design of Net cum Line Hauler. 14. Design of Trawl winch. 15. Visit to a processing plant refrigeration unit. 16. Visit to Fishing Harbour to study about Deck Machinery and Hull Equipment. Prescribed Books 1. Arora, S. Domkundwar. 1989. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. Dhanpatrai & Sons, Delhi. 2. Cowly, J. 1993. The Running and Maintenance of Marine Machinery. Published by Marine Management Ltd for the Institute of Marine Engineers. 3. Dag Pike. 1992. Fishing Boats and their Equipment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England. Reference Books 1. Kondrashova, N.G. 1984. Shipboard Refrigeration and Fish Processing Equipment. Amerind Publishing Co Private Ltd. New Delhi. 2. Meritt, J.H. 1989. Refrigeration on Fishing Vessel. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England.
FEG 221 FISHING CRAFT TECHNOLOGY 3 (2+1) Theory 2. Introduction: History and development of fishing crafts. Traditional fishing crafts of India. Classification of fishing crafts. Mechanization of fishing crafts and their impact.Criteria for selection of fishing crafts. Boat building materials: Types of boat building materials; their properties ; merits and demerits.. Seasoning and preservation of wood.Criteria for Choice of construction material. Designing of Fishing Vessel: Terminologies related to fishing vessel. Design Procedure -Form coefficients, properties of irregular shapes. Ship geometry –Density; relative density; FWA, DWA, TPC, Different types of displacements; COB; COG.Transverse statistical stability – List; Heel; transverse shift of B; equilibrium of Ships. Longitudinal Stability- pitch; Trim ; GML; KML; COF; calculation of Irregular area – Trapezoidal and Simpson rules. Marine engines and propeller: Marine engines; two stroke and four stroke; diesel and petrol engine; Components and their types. Working method and Maintenance of Outboard and Inboard Engines.Estimation of Engine power.Marine propellers- Types and their selection. Boat construction methods: Construction of wooden boat, Steel boat, Fiber boat, Aluminum boat and Ferro cement boat, Factory ship. Fish hold: Design and construction. Deck fitting.Maintenance of fishing vessels. Fouling and boring organisms. Operation and Maintenance of Fishing Vessels: Rules and Regulations for fishing vessel fabrication, operation and safety. Common fouling and boring organisms; Preservation and maintenance of varioustypes of hull and Stern gear assembly. Practicals 1. Study on Traditional crafts and various boat building materials. 2. Introduction to engineering drawing: Lettering and dimensions. 3. Projection and its styles. 4. Simple projection and complex projection of an object. 5. Drawing of traditional crafts: Catamaran and Satpati etc. 6. Drawing of backbone assembly and U and V bottom hull of wooden boat. 7. Lines plan drawing of small fishing vessel: Body plan, profile and half breadth plan. 8. Drawing of deck layout of various fishing crafts: Trawler, gill-netter, long liner, squid jigger etc. 9. Designing of fishing vessel from a parent vessel. 10. Simple problems on basic hydrodynamics: Density, draft, reserve buoyancy, list, trim etc. 11. Calculation on finding area and volume of various parts of fishing vessel using Simpson’s rules. 12. Solving problems on finding center of buoyancy, floatation and gravity. 13. Problems on finding KG and its moment about keel, moment of statical stability, free surface effect (SFC). 14. Study on propeller and stern gear assembly. 15. Study on marine foulers and borers. 16. Visit to harbour, boat building yards and dry docking yard. Prescribed Books 1. Jan-Olf-Traung. 1992. Fishing Boats of the World. Volume 1,2& 3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England. 2. John Fyson (ed.). 1985. Design of Small Fishing Vessels. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England. Reference Books 1. Antony Hind, J. 1982. Stability and Trim of Fishing Vessels. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England. 2. Subramaniam, H. 1995. Ship Stability. Volumes 1, 2 & 3. Vijaya Publications Ltd. Mumbai.
FEG 311 FISHING GEAR TECHNOLOGY 3 (2+1) Theory Introduction: History and Development of fishing gears. Classification of Fishing Gears based on FAO and others. Criteria for selection of fishing gears. Fishing gear materials: Classification of Fishing gear materials. Various types of fibers/filaments. Types and important synthetic materials used in fishing gears. Raw-materials for synthetic material; Preparation of nylon (PA 6.66) material; Identification of synthetic fishing gear materials: Visual observation, water test, solubility test, burning test and melting point test. Properties of netting material: Physical properties- Density, twist and amount of twist, Breaking strength-tenacity, & tensile strength, breaking length, abrasion resistance, elasticity, extensibility, water absorption &, shrinkage, sinking velocity, weather resistance, melting point and visibility. Chemical and Biological properties. Construction of twisted netting materials: Yarn, single yarns, folded yarns, netting twine, cable netting twine and cable netting twine of higher order; Construction of ropes and their higher order; construction of braided netting twines. Yarn numbering system - direct system: Tex system Denier system and calculation of resultant tex value. Indirect system: British count, metric count, runnage system and their conversion. Methods of Preparation of knotted and knotless webbing, advantage and disadvantages of knotted and knotless webbings. Shape of mesh: diamond; square hexagonal and their measurement. Fishing gear design: Principles and fabrication methods. Shaping of webbing, mounting of webbing.Net mending. Design and fabrication of various fishing gears: Trawl net, Gill net, Purse seine, Long line etc. Accessories for fishing gears: Floats, Buoys, Sinkers, Thimbles, Shackles, G- links, Kelly’s eye, Butterfly, chains. Hooks, Jigs, Spoon: types, materials, specification numbering system. Preservation, maintenance and storage of gears and other accessories. Fishing technology: Traditional Fishing gears: hand line, pole and line, reel and line, trap net, seines, set net etc. Inland and Marine fishing gears. Commercial fishing methods: trawling and its types, gill netting and its types, trammel netting, long lining, trolling, boat seining, purse seining and squid jigging. Designing of fishing gears and accessories like otter board etc. Modern Fishing Technology: Selective fishing using BED, TED, electric fishing, use of fish finder, SONAR, Echo- sounder and Net sonde. Fish aggregating devices; artificial reefs; lights and lures. Application of Remote Sensing for Fishing: Prediction of Potential Fishing Zone ( PFZ) by remote sensing. Parameters and procedure involved in PFZ mapping. Identification of PFZ using different features after image processing.Utilization of PFZ data for fishing using GPS. Fishing Regulations: Need for regulation, mesh, gear size regulation and closed season.FAO code of conduct of responsible fishing for conserving the fishery resources. Practicals 1. Study and operation of traditional fishing gears, inland fishing gears, marine fishing gears. 2. Identification and testing of various netting materials and ropes. 3. Study on different kinds of knots and hitches used in fishing gear fabrications. 4. Calculations on designation of netting yarn. 5. Instruments used and general concepts in net braiding. 6. Braiding of net webbing. 7. Shaping of webbing by baiting, creasing and tailoring methods. 8. Joining and mounting of webbing. 9. Mending of webbing. 10. Determination of buoyancy and de buoyancy of netting and various floats and sinkers. 11. Designing of Trawl net by conducting a survey. 12. Designing of Gill net using different methods conducting a detailed survey. 13. Designing of otter boards and other fishing accessories. 14. Designing of Purse seine, Long line etc. 15. Operation of fishing gears- Trawl net. 16. Operation of Gill net and Long line. Prescribed Books 1. Fridman, A.L. 1992. Calculations for Fishing Gear Designs. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England. 2. Gabriel, O., Lange, K., Dahm, E., and Wendt, T. 2005. Von Brandt’s Fish Catching Methods of the World, Blackwell publishing, Oxford, U.K., pp 523. 3. Gerhard Klust. 1982. Netting Material for Fishing Gears. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Published by Fishing News Books Ltd , England. Reference Book 1. F.A.O. 1978. Catalogue of Fishing Gear Design. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Published by Fishing News Books Ltd, England.
FEG 321 NAVIGATION AND SEAMANSHIP 2 (1+1) Theory Navigation : Introduction to Navigation, Types of Navigation, position and directions; Earth and its co- ordinates- latitude and longitude; great circle- equator, meridians, poles of the earth; parallels and meridians; terrestrial co-ordinates; degree, distance and directions in navigation . Navigational charts: Types of marine charts, Mercator and gnomonic projections great circles and rhumb lines, chart collections and chart readings, chart observation and fixing positions. Navigational aids. Signals: Meaning of shapes, colours and lights top marks and explanation of approaching, international code of signals, flag signals, morse code and storm signals general system, brief system and extended system ,storm signals stations Indian coasts, Fog signals, types and methods .Distress signals, methods, types and communication international regulations for preventing collision at sea and recognition of lights and shapes at sea. Navigational Equipments: Principle, parts and functions ofCompass, Marine sextant, SONAR, RADAR, EPIRB, Radar Reflector. Radio Navigation: Principle, parts and functions of Loran, Omega, Consol. Satellite Navigation: Principle, parts and functions of NAVSAT, GPS. Seamanship: Rope, knots Bends, Hitches and splices, Anchors, cables and mooring - . selection of suitable anchorage , procedure for anchoring anchor watch and procedure to combating dragging of anchor, method of standing moor and running moor, open moor berthing procedures, axial thrust , transverse thrust mooring and securing the vessel to the jetty rigging fenders and gangways, and method of leaving vessels from the berth. Distress and rescue.Fire Fighting Appliances, Lifesaving appliances - life jackets, life buoys and method of operations and contents, SART and EPIRB.Observations of storms, formation of storms and method of locating the eye of the storms and method of escaping from the center of the storms as per buys ballet law. Fishing Harbour Management: Classification of Fishing harbours. Fishing harbours of India. Criteria for selection of site for fishing harbour. Infrastructure facilities.Organization, management and operation of fishing ports.Fishing fleet management.
Practicals 1. Study on Rules of Road and Study on Navigational lights for various occasions. 2. Study on Flag, Flag codes Navigational signals. 3. Study on Magnetic Compass and Gyro compass. 4. Problems on compass reading I: Variation, deviation and Compass Errors. 5. Problems on finding II: Compass course, Magnetic course and True course. 6. Chart reading I: Coastal markings and fishing vessel position. 7. Chart reading II: Finding vessel course, speed and Distance travelled. 8. Chart reading III: Fixing of Ship’s position using transit bearing methods, running fix methods along the current and leeway. 9. Study on Sextant. Sextant Reading: Fixing of position and finding height of Light house etc. 10. Study on various Navigational Aids, Navigational channels and buoys. 11. Visit to light house to study about Navigational methods and equipments. 12. Operation and maintenance of ECHO SOUNDER, SONAR and RADAR. 13. Study on Global Positioning System (GPS). 14. Practice of Knots, Bends and Hitches. 15. Practice on Splicing of Ropes. 16. Practice on Life Saving Appliances and firefighting equipments. Prescribed Books 1. Cockcroft, A.N. 1997. Seamanship and Nautical Knowledge. Glasgow Brown Sons and Fercuson Ltd. England. 2. Joseph, T.K., Rewari, S.S.S. 2000. Principles of Navigation. Applied Research International, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Edward Coolin. 1987. Nichols’s Concise Guide to Navigation. Volume 1 & 2. Glasgow Brown Sons and Fercuson Ltd. England. 2. Gregory P. Tsinker. 1997. Handbook of Port and Harbour Engineering. Champman and Hall, International Thompson Publishing. 3. Srinivasan, R .1989 .Harbour, Dock and Tunnel Engineering. Charotar Pubalications Ltd. Anand.
FEG 421 AQUACULTURE ENGINEERING 3 (2+1) Theory Site survey: Definition, principles of surveying, classification of surveying- Chain surveying, Compass surveying - Definitions, bearing, meridians, whole circle bearing system, reduced bearing system, theory of magnetic compass, prismatic compass. Leveling - definitions, methods of leveling, leveling instruments, terms and abbreviations, types of spirit leveling. Plane table surveying- instruments required, working operation, methods. Contour surveying- definition, instruments required, contour interval, characteristics of contour, contouring methods and uses of contour.Area calculation of plane surface of regular and irregular shape as applied to measurement of land. Regulations in aquaculture farm construction: Coastal Aquaculture Authority Guidelines, Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ). Design and construction of farm and Hatchery Structures: Soil – Soil and its properties; classification of soil; soil sampling methods; three phase system of soil, definitions of soil properties and permeability of soil. Types of farms; Layout and design of farms, Tide – fed / Pump fed farms. Design and construction of Race Ways. Open canals and their types. Earth work calculation - Ponds, Dykes, Canals and Roads.Design and construction of Ponds and Dykes.Effect of Seepage and Evaporation and their control.Design and construction of Hatcheries. Cages – Design and construction. Water supply, filtration and aeration systems: Water budgeting. Water distribution system – Main feeder channel, Drainage channel. Water control structure – Types of inlets and outlet and their construction. Computation of water intake and discharge. Aerators – Principles, classification and placement. Pumps – purpose of pumping, types, selection of pump, total head, and horse power calculation. Filters – Types and construction. Effluent Treatment Plant: Concept of reservoir, Bio-ponds, Effluent treatment plan design. Practicals 1. Evaluation of potential site for aquaculture. 2. Land survey – Chain and Compass. 3. Site survey: preparation of site map and Counter maps using Dumpy level. 4. Site survey: preparation of site map and Counter maps using Theodolite. 5. Site survey: preparation of site map and Counter maps using Total Station. 6. Design and layout of Freshwater Fish farm 7. Design and layout of Brackish water Fish / Shrimp farm 8. Design and layout of Shrimp / Fish Hatchery 9. Design of farm structures; Ponds, Dikes, Sluices and Channels. 10. Design of farm structures: Earthwork calculations. 11. Calculations on water and oxygen requirement 12. Pumps: Design and Operation. 13. Filters and aerator: Design and Operation. 14. Cages: Design and Layout. 15. Design and layout of Effluent Treatment Plant 16. Visit to Shrimp / Fish Farm Prescribed Books 1. Anand, S. Upadhyay. 1994. Handbook on Design Construction and Equipments in Coastal Aquaculture. Allied Publishers Ltd. Mumbai. 2. Bose, A.N., Ghouse, S.N., Yang, C.T., Mitra, A. 1991. Coastal Aquaculture Engineering. Mohan Primlani for Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Private Ltd. New Delhi. Reference Book 1. Fredrick, W.Wheaton. 1972. Aquaculture Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, New York. *********
7. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES EXTENSION (FEX)
FEX 121 FISHERIES EXTENSION EDUCATION 2 (1+1) Theory Introduction: Extension education and fisheries extension- meaning, differences, scope, concept, objectives and principles. Features of extension education and formal education.Adult education.History and Role of Fisheries Extension in fisheries development. Fisheries Extension Methods: Individual, Group and Mass contact methods and their effectiveness, factors influencing their selection and use. Transfer of Technology: Characteristics of technology, transfer of technology process; important TOT programs in fisheries; Role of NGOs and SHGs in fisheries; fisheries co- management; adoption and diffusion of innovations, adoption and diffusion process, adopter categories and barriers in diffusion of fisheries innovations; transfer of technology- salient features of ORP, NDS, LLP, IRDP, ITDA, KVK, FFDA, FCS, FTI, TRYSEM. DAATT Centers and their role in TOT, Video Conferencing, Educating Farmers through Print and Electronic Media. Extension program planning and Evaluation: Steps and importance; Participatory planning process. Rural Sociology: Meaning and scope. Importance of rural sociology in fisheries extension.Indian rural society – need for study and important characteristics.Rural, Urban differences and relationships. Social groups – meaning, elements and classification need for formation and motivation in group formation. Social classes – meaning, forms, caste.Rural social concepts – culture, customs, traditions and their role in fisheries extension.Value system - meaning, Village institutions – meaning, types and their role in Fisheries development.Voluntary organizations – meaning, types and their role in fisheries development. Leadership – meaning of leader and leadership, classification of leaders, methods of selection and training, qualities and roles of leaders and use of local leaders in fisheries development. Educational Psychology: Introduction, psychological basis for human behavior, educational psychology; meaning, principles, scope and its importance in fisheries extension. Psychological traits – Intelligence, personality, perception, meaning, types, factors affecting, role and importance in fisheries extension.Motivation; meaning, classification of needs, techniques of motivation and importance of motivation in fisheries extension. Teaching – Learning process; concepts like teaching, learning, learning experience, learning situation, steps in teaching, principles of teaching and their implications in learning. Practicals 1. Preparation and use of audio-visual aids in fisheries extension. 2. Preparation and use of Non-projected visual aids in fisheries extension. 3. Preparation and use of projected aids in fisheries extension. 4. Preparation and use of overhead transparencies and slides in fisheries extension. 5. Use of Projectors in fisheries extension. 6. Use of audio aids in fisheries extension. 7. Conducting group discussions. 8. Collection of socio –economic data from fishing villages. 9. Study of social issues / problems through participatory and rapid rural appraisal techniques. 10. Study of social issues / problems through Stake holder analysis. 11. Study of social issues / problems through Needs assessment. 12. Assessment of the developmental needs of community. 13. Role of formal and non-governmental organizations through Stake holder analysis. 14. Case studies on social/ gender issues and social conflicts in fisheries. 15. Case studies on extension programmes. 16. Practical exercises and conducting fish farmers meets. Prescribed Books 1. Pandey, S.K. 1997.Teaching Communication. Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi. 2. Adivi Reddy, A. 1987. Extension Education. Sree Lakshmi Press, Bapatla, A.P. Reference Books 1. Bhatia and Bhatia. 1992. A Text Book of Educational Psychology. Boaba House, Delhi. 2. Chitambar, J. B. 1990. Introductory Rural Sociology. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi. 3. Supe, S.V. 1997. An Introduction to Extension Education. Second Edition. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
FEX 221 COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 1(0+1) Practicals 1. Study on Structural and Functional grammar. 2. Study on Process of communication. 3. Study of Verbal and Non-verbal communication. 4. Study on Listening and Note taking. 5. Writing & Oral presentation skills. 6. Preparation of Field Dairy and lab record. 7. Preparation of Indexing, Footnote & Bibliographic procedures. 8. Reading and comprehension of general & technical articles. 9. Preparation of Precise writing. 10. Summarizing. 11. Abstracting. 12. Individual and Group presentations. 13. Impromptu presentation. 14. Public speaking. 15. Conducting Group Discussions. 16. Organizing Seminars and Conferences. Prescribed Books
1. Dahama, O.P. and O.P. Bhatnagar, 1980. Education and communication for development, Oxford & IBA Publishing College girls. New Delhi.
2. Everett Rogers, and Floyd Shoemaker, Communication of Innovation – a Cross Cultural Approach, New York Free Press.
Reference Books
1. Floyd, K., Guerrero, L.K. (2006), Nonverbal communication in close relationships, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
2. Kamath, M.G. and others (1961) Extension Education in communication Development, Directorate and Reporting skills p.165.
3. Leagens, J.P. 1961.Extension Education in Community Development. Directorate of Extension, Govt.of India. 4. Mathiyalagan, P.2000. Training programme on communication skills development, Department of Extension Education, VC&RI, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal.
5. Reddy, A.A. 1987. Extension Education, Sree Lakshmi Press, Bapatla (A.P)
6. Yadav.L, S. Kaushik and Aparna, 2004 Course compendium for the Refresher course on communication and Reporting skills p.165.
FEX 321 FISHERIES POLICY, LAW AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT 2 (2+0) Theory Fisheries Policy: Introduction to public administration, Principles of organization and Management of public enterprise. Central and State responsibilities for fisheries development. Organizational set up of fisheries administration at the Central and State levels. Functions and powers of functionaries of department of fisheries, corporations and co- operatives. Different Central and State level fisheries institutions. Role of central and state government in the regulatory activities of aquaculture and fisheries. Implementation of community based resource management plans. Historical review of fisheries development and management in India and the World. Fisheries development over Five year plans. International agencies/ organizations for promotion of fisheries Worldwide. Fisheries Legislation: Overview of fisheries and aquaculture legislations in India. Indian Fisheries Act, 1897.Environmental Legislation; Water Act, Air Act and Environmental (protection) Act.International Environmental Legislation and its impact on fisheries.Laws relating to conservation and management of fishery resources in marine and inland sectors. Land reforms legislation as applicable to aquaculture. Judicial judgments relating to aquaculture. Objectives, functions and authority of Fishery Regulatory agencies like Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) and Aquaculture Authority of India (AAI). Brackish water aquaculture Act, Marine Fisheries Policy, Laws relating to Fish products and marketing.International law of the Seas and International commissions on fisheries and their impact. Disaster Management in Fisheries: Basic concepts: Hazard, risk, vulnerability, disaster, capacity building. Multi-hazard and disaster vulnerability of India. Types of natural and manmade hazards in fisheries and aquaculture - cyclones, floods, droughts, tsunami, El-nino, algal blooms, avalanches, pollution, habitat destruction, over fishing, introduction of exotic species, landslides, epidemics, loss of bio-diversity etc. Causes, characteristics and effects of disasters.Management strategies: pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster. Pre-disaster: prevention, preparedness and mitigation; different ways of detecting and predicting disasters; early warning, communication and dissemination, community based disaster preparedness, structural and non- structural mitigation measures. During disaster: response and recovery systems at national, state and local, coordination between different agencies, international best practices. Post- disaster: Methods for assessment of initial and long term damages, reconstruction and rehabilitation. Prevalent national and global management practices in disaster management. Agencies involved in monitoring and early warnings at district, state, national and global levels. Sea safety and health.Acquaintance with fire-fighting devices.Lifesaving appliances and first- aid.Uses of distress signals and technologies.Relief and rehabilitation measures, trauma counselling. Prescribed Books 1. Ayyappan, S., Jena, S.K., Gopalakrishna, A. and Pandey, A.K. 2006. Handbook on Fisheries and Aquaculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. 2. Brig.(Dr) B.Khanna, 2005. All you wanted to know about Disasters, New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Dixitulu, J.V. and Paparao, G. 1994. Handbook on Fisheries, Global Fishing Chimes Private Ltd, Visakapatnam. 2. Giriappa, S. 1994. Role of Fisheries in Rural Development. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. *********
8. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS (FES)
FES 111 STATISTICAL METHODS 3(2+1) Theory Introduction: Definition of statistics, Concepts of population, sample, Census and sample surveys. Classification of data, frequency and cumulative frequency tables. Diagrammatic and graphical representation of data: Bar diagrams, pie diagrams, histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve and Ogives. Measures of central tendency: Mean, median and mode and merits and demerits. Problems on mean, median, mode. Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, Quartile deviation, SD, Variance and CV. Problems on Range, Mean deviation, Variance and SD. Co efficient of variation and merits and demerits of dispersion. Skewness and Kurtosis: Concepts of Skewness and Kurtosis and problems there on. Probability: Definition of probability, mutually exclusive and independent events, conditional probability. Addition and multiplication theorem of probability. Concepts of theoretical distribution: Binomial distribution equation and properties of binomial distribution and problems there on. Poisson distribution equation and properties of Poisson distribution and problems there on.Normal Distribution equation and properties of normal distribution and problems there on. Test of Hypothesis: Basic concepts of sampling distribution, standard error and central limit theorem. Introduction to statistical inference, general principals of testing of hypothesis and types of errors. Test of significance based on normal deviate test i.e., Z-test. Problems on Z- test.Small sample T test and their properties.Problems on T test. Chi-square distribution: Definition, conditions and uses of Chi-square in fisheries sector. Problems on Chi-square distribution. Correlation and Regression: Bivariate data, scatter diagram, simple linear correlation, measures and properties, Problems on simple correlation. Linear regression equation, difference between correlation and regression.Problems on regression. Application of statistics in fisheries: Length and weight relationship in fishes using regression. Estimation of inland fish production in India and problems encountered. Methodology for estimation of marine fish landings in India.Construction of questionnaire and schedules for fisheries statistical data. Estimation of population mean, population total using simple random sample and stratified random sample. Practicals 1. Construction of questionnaires and schedules of frequency diagrams and graphs. 2. Exercise on measures of central tendency, mean, median and mode. 3. Exercise on measures of dispersion, range, M.D, S.D and C.V. 4. Exercises on Computation of Probability. 5. Exercises on Binomial distribution. 6. Exercises on Poisson distribution. 7. Exercises on Normal Distribution. 8. Estimation of Population mean, Population total using simple and stratified sampling. 9. Confidence interval for Population mean. 10. Test of Hypothesis: Normal deviate test (z test). 11. Test of Hypothesis: t – test. 12. Test of Hypothesis: chi – square. 13. Exercises on Simple Correlation. 14. Exercises on Simple regression. 15. Exercises on fitting of length- weight relationship in fishes. 16. Construction of questionnaires and schedules for fisheries statistical data. Prescribed Books 1. Elhance, D.N. 1990. Fundamentals of Statistics. Kitthab Mahal, New Delhi. 2. Bailey Norman T.J. 1995. Statistical Methods in Biology. Cambridge University press, Cambridge. Reference Books 1. Rangaswamy, R. 1995. A Textbook of Agricultural Statistics. New Age International, New Delhi. 2. Singh, Sukminder. 1984. Statistical Methods for Research Workers. USG Publishers, Ludhiana.
FES 121 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONTECHNOLOGY 2(1+1) Theory IT and its importance: IT tools, IT-enabled services and their impact on society. Computer fundamentals: Hardware and software; input and output devices. Features of machine language, assembly language, high-level language and their advantages and disadvantages. MS DOS commands. Principles of programming: Algorithms and flowcharts. Operating systems (OS): Definition, basic concepts, introduction to WINDOWS and LINUX Operating Systems. Computer Network: Local area network (LAN). Wide area network (WAN). Communication technology: Internet and World Wide Web, HTML and IP. Introduction to MS Office: MS Word & its applications. MS Excel & its applications.MS Power point & its applications.MS Access & its applications. Audio visual equipments: Planning, preparation, presentation of posters, charts, overhead transparencies and slides. Practicals 1. Exercise on Binary Number System. 2. Algorithm and flow chart. 3. P.C. demonstration and Working with DOS Commands. 4. Working with Microsoft Windows Operating system. 5. MS Office: Word – Composing and Editing a Word Document. 6. MS Office: Word –Formatting, Spell – check and Printing. 7. MS Office: Excel – Creating Spread sheet and Printing. 8. Analysis of fisheries data using MS Excel. 9. MS Office: Power Point – Preparing slides and viewing slide show. 10. Internet applications: Creation and operation of E mail account. 11. World Wide Web (WWW) – Browser options and connecting to the web. 12. Web browsing – Downloading and uploading of information. 13. Online Examination- Mock Tests (www. Pretest.com; www.tcyonline.com/onlinetest). 14. Presentation of posters, charts, overhead transparencies and slides. 15. Handling of audio visual equipments. 16. Criteria for selection and evaluation of AV aids, video conferencing. Prescribed Books 1. Gini Courter and Annette Marquis. 1999. Microsoft Office Professional. B.P.B Publication, New Delhi. 2. Jaggi,V.P. and Sushma Jain. 1993. Computer for Beginners. Academic Publications., New Delhi. 3. Peter Dyson and Pat Coleman. 2000. Windows 2000 Professional. B.P.B Publication, New Delhi. 4. Ram, B. 1997. Computer Fundamentals. New Age International Publishers, New Delhi. 5. Taxali, R.K. 1998. PC Software for Windows Made Simple. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. Reference Books 1. Balaguruswami, E. 1991. Programming on BASIC. Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi. 2. Goel, S.K. 1999. Computer and Internet Management Vol.1. Rajat Publications, Delhi.
FES 211 FISHERIES ECONOMICS 3(2+1) Theory Introduction to fisheries economics:Basic economic terminologies – micro and macroeconomics. Positive and normative economics, environmental economics.Resource, scarcity, farm-firm relationships production Contribution of fisheries sector to the economic development of the country. Micro-economics: (A) Demand & Supply: Theories of demand and supply. Market – equilibrium price, consumption, utility, Consumer surplus. Elasticity – price, income, cross, application of elasticity in fisheries managerial decision. (B) Farm production economics: Production functions in capture and culture fisheries. Farm planning and budgeting. (C) Costs and returns: Breakeven analysis of fish production system. Costs and returns – concepts of externalities and social cost. Factors of production- land, labour , capital and organization. Law of diminishing marginal return, returns to scale, economies of scale and scope, revenue, profit maximization, measurement of technological change. Significance or importance of marginal cost. Macro-economics: Introduction to national income, accounting, measurement.Determinants of national income, Contribution of fisheries to GNP and employment. Globalization: Dimensions and driving Forces.Introduction to GATT and WTO.Functions of WTO.WTO Framework – Key Subjects - Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS).Seafood Export Regulations; Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) and Agreement on Anti-Dumping Procedures.Fisheries Subsidies and WTO.Fisheries Trade and Environment; protests against globalization and WTO.Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and different forms.Patents and patenting process, Agreement on TRIPS.Bio-piracy.GMOs in fisheries.Salient features of Indian Patent (Amendment) Act 2005. Overview of Patents in Indian fisheries sector. Role of fisheries in economic development: International trade- import and export policy. Rationalization of fishery trade and industry. Practicals 1. Scope of Economics: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Flow charts. 2. Economic analysis: Static and Dynamic analysis. 3. Demand Analysis: Demand schedule and Demand curves. 4. Price elasticity: Ratio method with example and outlay method with example. 5. Production function models: Linear and Non linear Relationships. 6. Factor product relationships with examples. 7. Costs and Return Analysis: Cost curves. 8. Costs and Returns in Traditional Marine Fishing unit: Case study. 9. Costs and Returns in Fresh water fisheries production unit: Case study. 10. Costs and Returns in a fresh water fish hatchery: Case study. 11. Costs and Returns in a prawn and shrimp hatchery: Case study. 12. Farm Appraisal: A case study. 13. Visit to a fish market. 14. Visit to a Commercial Fisheries Enterprise. 15. Garden – Schafer bio economic model. 16. Organizing and conducting Socio – Economic surveys in fishing villages. Prescribed Books 1. Jayaraman, R. 1996. Fisheries Economics. Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tuticorn. 2. Rao, N. Subba. 1986. Economics of Fisheries. Daya Publishing House, Delhi. Reference Books 1. Dewett, K.K. and Varma, J.D. 1993. Elementary Economic Theory. S.Chand, New Delhi. 2. Korakandy, R. 1996. Economics of Fisheries Management. Daya Publishing House, Delhi. 3. Singh, R.K.P. 2003. Economics of Aquaculture. Daya Publishimg House, Delhi.
FES 311 FISHERIES CO-OPERATIVES AND MARKETING 2(1+1) Theory Fisheries Co-Operatives: Definition, Principles and objectives of co-operation.Co-operative movement in fisheries sector in India.Structure, functions, status and problems of fisheries co-operatives management in relation to resources, production and marketing. Finance and Book keeping: Role of credit for fisheries development.Credit requirements of fishers.Source and type of credit/finance.Micro-credit, indigenous and institutional finance, structure of institutional finance in fisheries, returns, risk bearing ability and recovery in fisheries sector.Role of NABARD in fisheries development.Role of insurance in fish and shrimp farming and industry.Basic accounting procedures, profit and loss account. Marketing: Introduction to marketing management, Marketing concepts: Market structure, functions and types,Marketing channels and supply chain, marketing margins, marketing environment, marketing strategies, product development and product mix, consumer behavior and marketing research.Fish markets and marketing in India, demand and supply of fish, market structure and price formation in marine and inland fish markets;Cold storage and other marketing infrastructure in India;Sea food export; case study on product and market diversification- export and import policies (fisheries).New product development and market segmentation.Export and import policies relevant to fisheries sector.
Practicals 1. Developing questionnaire and conducting market surveys. 2. Analysis of primary and secondary market data. 3. Exercises on equilibrium price for fish and fishery products. 4. Estimation of Demand and Supply using simple regression. 5. Analysis of credit schemes of banks and the government. 6. Case studies of fisheries co-operatives. 7. Visit to fisheries co-operative societies. 8. Visit to commercial banks and fish markets. 9. Visit to organizations dealing with marketing of fish and fishery products. 10. Pattern and performance of India’s Seafood Exports. 11. Case studies on product and market diversification. 12. Case studies on competitiveness of Indian fish and fish products. 13. Market channels- Flow chart. 14. Classification of fisheries marketing. 15. Fisheries marketing structure in marine fisheries. 16. Fisheries marketing functions and their role. Prescribed Book 1. Chaston, I. 1987. Marketing in Fisheries and Aquaculture. Fishing News Books, England. Reference Books 1. Sathaidhas, R. 1997. Production & Marketing Management of Marine Fisheries in India. Daya Publishing House, Delhi. 2. Kotler, Philip. 1995. Principles of Marketing. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
FES 321 FISHERIES BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND 1(1+0) ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT Theory Entrepreneurship: Concept of entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial and managerial characteristics; managing an enterprise; motivation and entrepreneurship development; importance of planning, monitoring, evaluation and follow up; managing competition; entrepreneurship development programs; Generation, incubation and commercialization of ideas and innovations. Government schemes and incentives for promotion of entrepreneurship.Preparation of enterprise budget for integrated fish farming.Fiscal and monitory policies and its impact on entrepreneurship.Infrastructural and other financial requirement for fishery entrepreneurship Government policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) / SSIs.Venture capital.Contract farming and joint ventures, public-private partnerships. Overview of fisheries inputs industry. Characteristics of Indian fisheries processing and export industry. Introduction to fish business management - Concept of management, management process (planning, organising, staffing, leading and controlling), Organizational behaviour, human resource planning, new dimensions in fish business environment and policies. Accounting procedures of fish business entity. Emerging trends in fish production, processing, marketing and exports.Assessing overall business environment in the Indian economy.Overview of Indian social, political and economic systems and their decision making by individual entrepreneurs.Globalisation and the emerging business /entrepreneurial environment.Social Responsibility of Business. Prescribed Book 1. Agarwal, S.C. 1990. Fishery Management. Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi.
Reference Books 1. Subbareddy, S. and Raghuram, P. 1996. Agricultural Finance and Management. Oxford & IBH Publishing, New Delhi. 2. Korakandy, R. 1996. Economics of Fisheries Management. Daya Publishing House, Delhi.
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9. COMPULSORY NON-CREDIT COURSES
ENG 111 STRUCTURAL AND SPOKEN ENGLISH 2(1+1)
Theory TEXT BOOK PRESCRIBED: English for Students of Science (Eds) A.Roy and P.L.Sharma.1991. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
The following selections from the text book are to be covered during the semester
1. The year 2050- Reflections of a Futurist - Theodore J.Gordon
2. The Mushroom of Death- The World - A. Bandhopadhyay After a Nuclear War
3. The Miracle of Grass Krutch - Joseph Wook
4. Human Environment - Indira Gandhi
5. Experiment and Experience - W.R. Niblem.
6. Grief - Anton Chekou
7. The Discovery - Herman Ould
Practicals
1. Introduction to spoken English – Improving Voice and speech – Phonetic symbols – Orthography – Ortheopy – Vowels and consonants – Spoken English – Practice by Using Audio- Visual aids. 2. Verbal ability- Words often confused - Words frequently misspells- Antonyms- Synonyms- Homonyms- Homo Phones – Phrasal verbs- Redundant Words and Phrases- Idiomatic Languages- Exercises. 3. Functional grammar and correct usage - agreement collective norms- Indefinite Pronouns relative pronouns compound subject. 4. Words that indicate parts or portion amount – sequence of tenses – infinitive phrases – split infinitives – participles – adverbs – prepositional phrases. 5. Writing skills – precise – summarizing – abstracting. 6. Scientific/Technical report writing. 7. Seminars and conferences. 8. The style – importance of professional writing. 9. Business correspondence. 10. Group discussion – group dynamics – purpose – organization. 11. Meeting – purpose – procedure – chairmanship – participation – Physical arrangements. 12. Notices, agenda and minutes – exercises. 13. Office procedure – receipt and dispatch of mail – noting on the files – filing system classification of mail. 14. Memorandum – record of information and decision – to make short request – quick and smooth flow of information to establish accountability. 15. Punctuation and capitalization. 16. Abbreviations and numbers.
Reference Books 1. Anon. How to Write and Speak Better. Readers Digest Association Ltd.,New York. 2. Bansal, R.K. and Harrison, J.B. 1983. Spoken English. Orient Longman, New Delhi. 3. Krishna Mohan and Meena Banerji. 1990. Developing Communication Skills. Mac Millons India Ltd, New Delhi. 4. Narayana Swamy, V.R. 1979. Strength in Your Writing. Orient Longman, New Delhi. 5. Sharma, R.C. and Krishna Mohan. Bussiness Correspondence and Report. Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., New Delhi.
CNC 111 SWIMMING 1(0+1) Practicals
History,hazardsinwaterandsafetyprecautions;poolmaintenanceandwaterqualitycontrol.Learnings wimming,understandingandpracticeofduckingthehead,kickingaction,holding breath under water and various strokes (free style, breast stroke, butterfly, back stroke); competitive swimming- relays andmedleys,laptimepractice,swimmingandfloatingaids andtheiruses;diving- stylesofdiving,rules,regulationsandprecautions.Methodsoflife savinginwater;Boating,canoeingandsailing:types,maintenance,skilldevelopment,rules andregulationsandpractice.
CNC 121 PHYSICAL EDUCATION, FIRST AID & YOGA PRACTICES 1(0+1) Practicals
Introductiontophysicaleducation:Definition,objectives,scope,history, development a n dimportance; ph y si ca l culture; Meaning and importance of Physical Fitness and Wellness; Physical fitness components - speed,strength,endurance,power,flexibility,agility,coordinationandbalance; Warming up - General & Specific & its Physiological basis; Test and measurement in physical education; Training and Coaching - Meaning & Concept; Methods of Training; aerobicandanaerobic exercises; Calisthenics, weight training, circuit training, interval training, Fartlektraining; Effects of Exercise on Muscular, Respiratory, Circulatory & Digestive systems; Balanced Diet and Nutrition: Effects of Diet on Performance; Physiological changes due to ageing and role of regular exercise on ageing process; Personality, its dimensions and types; Role of sports in personality development; Motivation and Achievements in Sports; Learning and Theories of learning; Adolescent Problems & its Management; Posture; Postural Deformities; Exercises for good posture.
Yoga: Introduction to - Asanas, Pranayam, Meditation and Yogic Kriyas; Role of yoga in sports; Governance of sport in India; Important national sporting events; Awards in Sports; History, latest rules, measurements of playfield, specifications of equipments, skill, technique, style and coaching of major games( Cricket, football, table Tennis, Badminton, Volleyball, Basketball, Kabaddi and Kho-Kho) and Athletics.
Needandrequirementoffirstaid:FirstAidequipmentsandupkeep.Handlingandtransport ofinjured Itraumatized persons. Emergencyprocedureforsuffocation,demonstrationof artificialrespiration.Treatmentofinjuries(woundsandbleeding)-methodsofdressingand bandages; first-aid procedure for injured bones. Handling unconsciousness; Treatment of bumsandscalds.Emergencyprocedureforpoisoningwithspecialreferencestosnakebite.Injuries I accidents in fishing, fish processing factories, chemical laboratories and their treatments. Shock injuries tomuscles andjoints andtreatments.Sportsinjuries andtheir treatments.
CNC 211 &CNC 221 N.S.S. 1(0+1)
Practicals 1. Orientation of students towards national problems 2. Study of Philosophy of N.S.S. 3. Fundamental rights, Directive principles of Constitution, Socio-economic structure of Indian society, Population structure and Five Year Plans. 4. Functional Literacy: Non-formal education of rural youth, Eradication of social evil. 5. Awareness programmes, Consumer awareness, Highlights of the Consumer Act. 6. Environment enrichment and conservation. 7. Clean and Green Programme. 8. Health, family welfare and nutrition. 9. Organizing Medical Camp. 10. Organizing Tree Planting (Vanamahotsam). 11. Organizing Blood Donation Camp. 12. Organizing Pulse Polio Camp. 13. Organizing AIDS awareness Rally. 14. Celebrating NSS Day 15. Observing National Days. 16. Observing United Nations Notified Days.
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